 Early notable examples include William James in ""The Varieties of Religious Experience"" (1902); the study of the term "cosmic consciousness" by Edward Carpenter (1892) and psychiatrist Richard Bucke (in his book "Cosmic Consciousness", 1901); the definition of "oceanic feeling" by Romain Rolland (1927) and its study by Freud; Rudolf Otto's description of the "numinous" (1917) and its studies by Jung; Friedrich von Hügel in "The Mystical Element of Religion" (1908); Evelyn Underhill in her work "Mysticism" (1911); Aldous Huxley in "The Perennial Philosophy" (1945).R.