 Nine of the attacking soldiers were killed, including their commander.By 1932 France had established the École de Haute Montagne in Chamonix to train mountain troops, but in 1945 it was reconstituted to provide specialised mountaineering training, skiing and tactical skills to the entire army.It was later renamed as the (EMHM) and it continues to fulfil that role to this day, training approximately 1,500 troops every year.