 A case in point, if Adrian has a "negative right to life" against Clay, then Clay is required to refrain from killing Adrian; while if Adrian has a "positive right to life" against Clay, then Clay is required to act as necessary to preserve the life of Adrian.Rights considered "negative rights" may include civil and political rights such as freedom of speech, life, private property, freedom from violent crime, freedom of religion, "habeas corpus", a fair trial, and freedom from slavery.Rights considered "positive rights", as initially proposed in 1979 by the Czech jurist Karel Vašák, may include other civil and political rights such as police protection of person and property and the right to counsel, as well as economic, social and cultural rights such as food, housing, public education, employment, national security, military, health care, social security, internet access, and a minimum standard of living.