 Sociologist Jan Nederveen Pieterse highlights these core arguments in a debate that promotes hybridity.Some on the left, such as cultural theorist John Hutnyk, have criticized hybridity as politically void.Others like Aijaz Ahmad, Arif Dirlik, and Benita Parry blame Homi Bhabha for recycling obscure psychoanalytic and postmodern theories of culture and identity.