 Psychotherapy may be effective in people with TRD because it can help relieve stress that may contribute to depressive symptoms.A Cochrane systematic review has shown that psychological therapies (including cognitive behavioural therapy, dialectal behavioural therapy, interpersonal therapy and intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy) added to usual care (with antidepressants) can be beneficial for depressive symptoms and for response and remission rates over the short term (up to six months) for patients with TRD.Medium‐ (7–12 months) and long‐term (longer than 12 months) effects seem similarly beneficial.