 The remaining eight unbroken vector subgroup generators constitute the manifest standard "Eightfold Way" flavor symmetries, "SU(3)V".Mesons containing a heavy quark, such as charm (D meson) or beauty, and a light anti-quark (either up, down or strange), can be viewed
as systems in which the light quark is "tethered" by the gluonic force to the fixed heavy quark, like a ball tethered to a pole.The chiral symmetry breaking then causes the s-wave ground states formula_9 (spinformula_10) to be split from p-wave parity partner excited states formula_11 by a common "mass gap," formula_12.