 When the Fifth Yamaguchi-gumi started in May 1989, Tsukasa assumed the position of "wakagashira-hosa" (one of the third-ranking bosses).Kiyoshi Takayama was promoted to the number-two boss ("wakagashira") in 1989, and to the 2nd president ("kaicho") in March 2005.The Kodo-kai expanded under Takayama's administration, and by late 2009 its total membership reached 4,000.