 This approach differed from that used by Arnold Schoenberg and his followers in the Second Viennese School and later serialists.The concept was indicated by Bartók's folk-music-derived view of each note of the chromatic scale as being "of equal value" and thus to be used "freely and independently" (autobiography) and supported by references to the conception below in his Harvard Lectures (1943).The concept may be extended to the construction of non-diatonic modes from the pitches of more than one diatonic mode such as distance models including 1