 SPI systems can reduce the incidence of solder-related defects to statistically insignificant amounts.Inline systems are manufactured by various companies such as Sinic-Tek (China), Koh Young (Korea), GOEPEL electronic (Germany), CyberOptics (US), Parmi (Korea) and Test Research, Inc. (Taiwan).Offline systems are manufactured by various companies such as by VisionMaster, Inc. (US) and Sinic-Tek (China).