 From 1901 to 1908 he was revenue commissioner, from 1908 through 1909 he was acting resident in Hyderabad and from 1910 to 1912 he was agent to the governor-general in Central India.In December 1912, during Lord Hardinge of Penshurst's tenure as Viceroy, O'Dwyer was appointed Lieutenant Governor of Punjab.When he assumed charge in May 1913, he was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India and was cautioned by the Viceroy Penshurst that "the Punjab was the Province about which the Government were then the most concerned; that there was much inflammable material lying about; which required very careful handling if an explosion was to be avoided".