 The Little–Parks effect was discovered in 1962 in experiments with empty and thin-walled superconducting cylinders subjected to a parallel magnetic field.The electrical resistance of such cylinders shows a periodic oscillation with the magnetic flux through the cylinder, the period being "h"/2"e" = 2.07×10−15 V·s.The explanation provided by William Little and Ronald Parks is that the resistance oscillation reflects a more fundamental phenomenon, i.e.