 This may cause a structural failure, or, if not, can be sufficient for defeating the redundancy of aircraft systems.The effect is only pronounced as long as the ring is unbroken, so multiple layers of rods are employed in practical weapons to increase the effective radius.When designing the SAM missile equipped Mauler in the late 1950s, Monte Carlo simulations on the IBM 650 were conducted which influenced the decision to use a blast-fragmentation warhead, as a continuous-rod warhead was deemed likely to be less effective.