 He was twice nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (in 1913 and 1921), each time by only a single Brazilian nominator, but he never received the award.In 1913, 63 scientists were nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, the top two nominees having received nine and eight nominations, respectively.In 1921, 42 scientists were nominated for the award, the top four nominees having received 11, nine, seven and seven nominations, respectively.