 Vygotsky rejected these three major theories because he believed that learning should always precede development in the ZPD.According to Vygotsky, through the assistance of a more knowledgeable other, a child is able to learn skills or aspects of a skill that go beyond the child's actual developmental or maturational level.The lower limit of ZPD is the level of skill reached by the child working independently (also referred to as the child's developmental level).