 After declaring independence from Spain in 1818, Chile emerged in the 1830s as a relatively stable authoritarian republic.In the 19th century, Chile saw significant economic and territorial growth, ending Mapuche resistance in the 1880s and gaining its current northern territory in the War of the Pacific (1879–83) after defeating Peru and Bolivia.In the 1960s and 1970s, the country experienced severe left-right political polarization and turmoil.