 While many cities, including the Gallic states and the Carthaginian Republic, had a double-headed chief magistracy, another title was often used, such as the Punic "sufet", "Duumvir", or native styles like "Meddix".Throughout most of southern France, a consul ( or "") was an office equivalent to the of the north and roughly similar with English aldermen.The most prominent were those of Bordeaux and Toulouse, which came to be known as jurats and capitouls, respectively.