 In 961, Nikephoros Phokas returned the island to Byzantine rule after expelling the Arabs.Extensive efforts at conversion of the populace were undertaken, led by John Xenos and Nikon "the Metanoeite".The reconquest of Crete was a major achievement for the Byzantines, as it restored Byzantine control over the Aegean littoral and diminished the threat of Saracen pirates, for which Crete had provided a base of operations.