 In 1871, he discovered apatite in the township of Loughborough, Ontario.In 1872, he reported phosphate deposits in Ottawa County, Quebec, where several mines were later developed.Most of his geological work was published in the reports of the Geological Survey of Canada, but in 1867 he wrote a paper on the Precambrian Shield stratigraphy of Hastings County for the "Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London" and was elected as a member in 1870.