 Dr. Joshua Reiss, of the Queen Mary University of London, and a member of the Audio Engineering Society (AES) Board of Governors, performed a meta-analysis on 20 of the published tests that included sufficient experimental detail and data.In a paper published in the July 2016 issue of the AES Journal, Dr. Reiss says that, although the individual tests had mixed results, and that the effect was "perhaps small and difficult to detect," the overall result was that trained listeners could distinguish between hi-resolution recordings and their CD equivalents under blind conditions