 Examples of management systems at that time are linear assembly lines, organizational hierarchies of command, product quality control and mass consumption.Soon afterwards, the Deming-Juran process-quality teachings spearheaded a new quality orientation (later referred to as Total quality management) and propelled Japan directly to the post-war process focus (process quality control, just-in-time, continuous improvement).The US responded by a painful and prolonged product-to-process transformation, ultimately leveling the playing field again by the mid 1980s.