 Prior to his position at the NRO, he was Deputy Director of Science and Technology at the Central Intelligence Agency from 2001 to 2005.Prior to that, he was an assistant director of the FBI in charge of the Laboratory Division from 1997 to 2001.His earlier government service was with the Department of Energy (DOE), first in Las Vegas as deputy manager of Nevada Operations and subsequently in Washington, D.C., as the Deputy Assistant Secretary and Acting Assistant Secretary for Defense Programs and later for Energy Technology.