 In 60 BC Han China established the Protectorate of the Western Regions at Wulei (; near modern Luntai) to oversee the Tarim Basin as far west as the Pamir.The Tarim Basin and Indo-European kingdoms were controlled through military colonies by the Han dynasty, but the Han "never had a foothold in Zungharia (northern Xinjiang), which the Xiongnu and the Wusun dominated for this whole period.