 Café-au-lait spots are the most common sign of NF1, but other symptoms include lisch nodules of iris, cutaneous neurofibromas (CNF), plexiform neurofibromas (PN), skeletal defects, optic nerve gliomas, life-threatening malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST), attention deficits, learning deficits and other cognitive disabilities.In addition to neurofibromatosis type I, mutations in "NF1" can also lead to juvenile myelomonocytic leukemias (JMML), gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), Watson syndrome, astrocytic neoplasms, phaeochromocytomas and breast cancer.No effective therapy NF1 yet exists.