 Although no core promoter element has been found, consensus binding sequences have been identified in the 5’ UTR for several transcription factors such as Sp1 and AP2.A methylation map of five regions of the promoter in both mouse and human was published in 1999.This map showed that three of the regions (at approximately – 1000, – 3000, and – 4000) were frequently methylated, but the cytosines near the transcription start site were unmethylated.