 The witness renders himself liable to punishment by simply making assertions, false or true, which he does not positively believe to be true.In the words of Turner ‘a man who tells the truth quite unintentionally is morally a liar.’ This proposition was exemplified by the conviction of a Jewish juryman who concurred in a verdict that Christ was born of a virgin, was held to have committed perjury, whilst his Christian colleague were found not to be guilty.Section 156 of the Penal Code defines giving false evidence thusly