 Several years after a 1918 New York appeals court ruling which permitted physicians to prescribe contraceptives, Margaret Sanger decided to open a second birth control clinic, this time staffed with physicians to make it legal under the court ruling (Sanger's first clinic employed nurses, and was shut down by police soon after opening).The second clinic, called the Clinical Research Bureau (CRB), opened on January 2, 1923.To avoid police harassment, the clinic was not publicized, and it operated under the pretense of conducting scientific research.