 With aortic valve replacement (AVR) as the accepted standard of care for critical AS, patients receiving apicoaortic conduits have often been refused AVR and as such are considered "no option" patients.AAC is also sometimes chosen by surgeons and cardiologists over other treatments, such as AVR and percutaneous aortic valve replacement (PAVR or TAVI), to treat critical AS.Patients who could benefit from AAC or AVB include those who