 Scenes in "Episode 2"—especially the rock-throwing scene in the forest—have been cited as introducing a spiritual side to the character of Dale Cooper, which would also be expounded in the later "Episode 16".Simon Riches, in an essay included in "The Philosophy of David Lynch", has noted that the Red Room dream sequence is an example of the difficulty in rationalizing "a priori" knowledge—the "lack of empirical evidence that ... a faculty of intuition exists" in the mind is here represented by the "nonphysical", dreamlike Red Room.Cooper's heuristic approach "pointedly avoids the routine deductive apparati of logic, clues or muscle".