 Yaari, et al., reported in 2006 that saliva testing for anti-HCV antibodies yielded a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity that was “similar or better” when compared to serum testing.A 2010 study found that saliva-based detection of the parasite Entamoeba histolytica was superior to existing fecal detection methods for patients with E. histolytica-associated liver abscess.In 2004 El Hamshary and Arafa found that salivary anti-E. histolytica IgA concentration had “predictive diagnostic value of intestinal amoebiasis…as well as in tissue amoebiasis.” A 1990 study that involved saliva testing for E. histolytica in 223 school children demonstrated a sensitivity and specificity of 85% and 98%, respectively.