 In 1962-63, Templeton implanted prostheses similar to those originally described by Sarnoff in five patients with severe aortic valve stenosis; one patient survived more than 10 years.In 1975, Bernhard and coworkers reported a reoperation in which a conduit was implanted between the left ventricle and the thoracic aorta.The procedure was also developed in the late 1970s as a way to treat complex left ventricular outflow tract obstructions (LVOTO) in children and young adults.