 These programs extend beyond basic education and are now leading to the creation of bilingual/bicultural universities in Mexico.The first education programs without the explicit goal of hispanisation were developed in the 1960s, among them a pilot program of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos in a Quechua-speaking area in the Quinua District (Ayacucho Region, Peru).The university work encouraged the government of General Juan Velasco Alvarado to include bilingual education in its educational reform in 1972.