 Finally, there are heavy cuts in spending in social welfare sectors, including education and health.These social welfare cuts are very frequent and are more intense in Latin American countries like Ecuador.Ortiz (2009) investigated the role that ancestral teachers of Mapuche indigenous knowledge known as "Kimches" played in the functioning of IBE schools in the rural community of Piedra Alta, located in the "Area de Desarrollo Indigena" (Area of Indigenous Development in Spanish or ADI) in Araucania, Southern Chile.