 Curiously, and individually to religious charities, the public benefit requirement is justified by the assumption that, according to Cross J in "Neville Estates v Madden", "some benefit accrues to the public from attendance at places of worship of persons who live in this world and mix with their fellow citizens".Notably, this excludes gifts to groups which do not associate with the public, as in "Gilmour v Coats".Macnaghten's fourth category contains not only individual categories of its own, but also general principles that are applied when a body seeks to be recognised as a charitable trust.