 When there is doubt, the courts ignore the opinions of the beneficiary and instead rely on experts, as in "Re Pinion".This area is covered by the Charities Act 2006, which lists "the advancement of citizenship or community development" and "the advancement of the arts, culture, heritage or science" as valid types of charitable trust.For the purposes of this category, "religion" was seen to mean a faith in a higher power, and does not include ethical principles or rationalism, as in "Bowman v Secular Society".