 On the other hand, the Peruvian indigenous teachers’ association criticizes the implementation of IBE in Peru as a bridge to castellanization and monoculturalization.It has said that the education of indigenous people should be under their own control and that of their communities.In the early 1980s, AIDESEP, an indigenous rights group in Peru, got involved with ISPL, another group, and the University of Iquitos to create a research project related to creating a model for intercultural bilingual education.