 Its proponents, which included many early jurists of the Hanafi and Maliki schools, used the term "ra'y" to refer to "sound" or "considered" reasoning, such as "qiyas" (analogical deduction).Their opponents from the "ahl al-hadith" movement held that the Quran and authentic hadith were the only admissible sources of Islamic law, and objected to any use of "ra'y" in jurisprudence, whether in the form of "qiyas", "istislah" (consideration of public interest), or "hiyal" (legal subterfuges).According to Daniel W. Brown, "Ahl al- raʾy" thought ahadith should "sometimes be subject to other overriding principles" such as the "continuous practice" of the Ummah (Muslim community) and "general principles of equity" which better represented "the spirit" of the Prophet of Islam.