 When the Crusaders withdrew from their last strongholds, the Mamlukes led their first campaign in revenge under the leadership of prince Pedra in 1292 against the citizens of Keserwan who were diverse early on forming pockets of Shia Muslims and Maronites.However, the harsh mountains proved resistant to Mamluk soldiers who led a second campaign in 1293 which ended in the death of their leader and the slaughter of most of their soldiers.In retaliation, the Mamluk gathered an army of fifty thousand warriors and attacked Kesrwan in 1305.