perfoliatum" and several of its related species are listed on the "Poisonous Plants Database" of the US Food and Drug Administration, with "E. perfoliatum" described as an "unapproved homeopathic medicine" with unknown safety by the US National Library of Medicine.Holistic health companies marketing fraudulent supplement products that contained "E. perforliatum" with claims of benefit against COVID-19 were warned by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2020 about making illegal health claims and scamming consumers from their money.