 Whereas IKE is run between two peers to establish a "pair-wise security association", GDOI protocol is run between a group member and a "group controller/key server" (controller) and establishes a security association among two or more group members.GDOI "interprets" IKE or ISAKMP for the group security domain in addition to pair-wise security associations.GDOI uses an IKE v1 Phase 1 security association for authenticating a GDOI member to a GDOI controller.