 Males are able to differentiate castes through perceiving differences in chemical signals and physiological status.While males are able to discriminate between castes, they are not capable of discriminating between health, as males showed a strong preference for gynes, both healthy and parasite-castrated, compared to workers, because males distinguish females by CHC profiles, which are very similar between healthy and unhealthy gynes.Therefore, males are not able to evaluate the true reproductive potential of the females they encounter.