 His descriptions of Philaenis and other masculine women bear close similarities to the descriptions found in the writings of the poet Seneca the Younger, who lived about a generation before Martial, and indicate that Martial was probably drawing inspiration either from Seneca himself or from the same tradition from which Seneca also drew his inspiration.In late antiquity, Philaenis became the object of scorn and disapproval from Christian Church Fathers.In the second century AD, the Christian apologist Justin Martyr references the writings of Philaenis as works that provide people with shameful education.