 Naturally, such behaviors give rise to social hierarchy, placing males with more spots on top of the social class.Similar to the abdominal spots that imply strong fighting fitness and mating success in male "P. dominula", the salient patterns on the female's clypeus demonstrate strong correlation to its dominance and is used to facilitate rival assessments.The use of cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) in recognizing nest mates and neighbors is a relatively well-known method for Hymenoptera, especially among "Polistes".