 The shire was located in the catchment of the Condamine and Macintyre Rivers and as well as traditional sheep and cattle grazing, industry in the shire included cotton, timber, piggeries and coal mining.The main crops grown are barley, wheat, sorghum and small grains.The Shire of Millmerran came into existence on 24 April 1913 after its residents and those of the Pittsworth area to the northeast voted to split away from the Shire of Jondaryan.