 Includes research on community based adaptation to climate change, strengthening the capacity of the Least Developed Countries in UN climate change negotiations, the role of pastoralism as an adaptive strategy in drylands.It is by initiating the adaptations of the societies that the poor are less stricken by the harshness of climate change (a former group on Drylands has been subsumed into this group).Includes research on rural-urban migration, urbanisation, the role of slum dwellers in improving urban environments, the contributions of cities to climate change, how urban areas can adapt to impacts of climate change, and improving water and sanitation in deprived urban areas.