 These are recognized as "mi-de-Rabbanan" (by virtue of the Rabbis) in contradistinction to "mi-de-Oraita" (by virtue of the Mosaic law).Those of the laws of the Land of Israel that were extended after the Exile were originally enacted for the purpose of protecting the judicial administration and economic interests of the Land, and with a view to encourage settlement there.Hence the semikah was still left in the hands of the judiciary, with power to inflict the penalties of stripes and fines, and to announce the day of the new moon on the evidence of witnesses.