 According to a study in 2004 about sustainability, 38% of systems in rural zones have collapsed, and 20% are seriously damaged.29% are somewhat damaged and only 13% are considered sustainable.Between 1965 and 1992, the "Instituto Ecuatoriano de Obras Sanitarias" (IEOS) or Ecuadorian Institute for Sanitary Works had been responsible for water supply and sanitation services in Ecuador.