state. Africa Hertzog of South Africa, whose National Party had won the 1929 election alone after splitting with the Labour Party, received much of the blame for the devastating economic impact of the Depression. America Canada and other countries under the British Empire sign the Statute of Westminster in 1931, establishing effective parliamentary independence of Canada from the parliament of the United Kingdom. United States Marine Corps general Smedley Butler confesses to the U.S. Congress in 1934 that a group of industrialists contacted him, requesting his aid to overthrow the U.S. government of Roosevelt and establish what he claimed would be a fascist regime in the United States. 1939 New York World's Fair, the USA displays the pavilions showing art, culture, and technology from the whole world. Newfoundland voluntarily returns to British colonial rule in 1934 amid its economic crisis during the Great Depression with the creation of the Commission of Government, a non-elected body. Canadian Prime Minister W. L. Mackenzie King meets with German Führer Adolf Hitler in 1937 in Berlin. King is the only North American head of government to meet with Hitler. Amelia Earhart receives major attention in the 1930s as the first woman pilot to conduct major air flights. Her disappearance for unknown reasons in 1937 while on flight prompted search efforts that failed. Southern Great Plains devastated by decades-long Dust Bowl In 1932, the Polish Cipher Bureau broke the German Enigma cipher and overcame the ever-growing structural and operating complexities of the evolving Enigma machine with plugboard, the main German cipher device during World War II. Board of Temperance Strategy established in the U.S. to fight repeal of prohibition Getúlio Vargas became the President of Brazil after the 1930 coup d'état. Asia Major international media attention follows Mohandas Gandhi's peaceful resistance movement against the British colonial rule in India. Chinese Communist Party leader Mao Zedong forms the small enclave state called the Chinese Soviet Republic in 1931. The Gandhi–Irwin Pact is signed by Mohandas Gandhi and Lord Irwin, Viceroy of India, on March 5, 1931. Gandhi agrees to end the campaign of civil disobedience being carried out by the Indian National Congress (INC) in exchange for Irwin accepting the INC to participate in roundtable talks on British colonial policy in India. The Government of India Act of 1935 is enacted by the Governor-General of India, separating British Burma to become a separate British possession and