Saint and Roman Catholic Bishop of Philadelphia (b. 1811) January 10 – Ezequiel Zamora, leader of the Federalist Army in Venezuela (b. 1817) January 13 – William Mason, American politician (b. 1786) January 18 – John Nelson (lawyer), American lawyer (b. 1791) January 27 János Bolyai, Hungarian mathematician (b. 1802) Thomas Brisbane, Scottish astronomer (b. 1773) January 29 – Ernst Moritz Arndt, German poet and author (b. 1769) Stéphanie de Beauharnais, Grand Duchess of Baden (b. 1789) February 29 – George Bridgetower, Afro-Polish violinist (b. 1778) March 6 – Justus Johann Friedrich Dotzauer, German cellist, composer (b. 1783) March 14 – Carl Ritter von Ghega, Albanian-born Venetian road engineer (b. 1802) March 17 – Anna Brownell Jameson, British art historian (b. 1794) March 25 – James Braid, Scottish surgeon (b. 1795) May 1 – Anders Sandøe Ørsted, 3rd Prime Minister of Denmark (b. 1778) May 10 – Theodore Parker, American preacher, Transcendentalist, and abolitionist (b. 1810) May 12 – Sir Charles Barry, English architect (b. 1795) May 21 – Phineas Gage, improbable American head injury survivor (b. 1823) June 30 – Gotthilf Heinrich von Schubert, German naturalist (b. 1780) July–December July 1 – Charles Goodyear, American inventor (b. 1800) August 25 – Johan Ludvig Heiberg, Danish poet and critic (born 1791) September 12 – William Walker, American filibuster who was briefly President of Nicaragua (executed) (b. 1824) September 21 – Arthur Schopenhauer, German philosopher (b. 1788) October 12 – Sir Harry Smith, English soldier, military commander (b. 1787) October 25 – Alexander Maconchie, Scottish penal reformer (b. 1787) October 31 – Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald, British admiral (b. 1775) November 1 – Alexandra Feodorovna (Charlotte of Prussia), Empress Consort of Russian Emperor Nicholas I (b. 1798) December 2 – Ferdinand Christian Baur, German theologian (b. 1792) December 14 – George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1784) Date unknown Dai Xi, Chinese painter (b. 1801) References Leap years in the Gregorian calendar