benefit concert for Austrian and Bavarian soldiers wounded at the Battle of Hanau. December 18–19 – War of 1812: British soldiers and native allies invade the United States, and are successful in the Capture of Fort Niagara, and attack Lewiston, New York. December 29 – War of 1812: British soldiers burn Buffalo, New York. Date unknown Mathieu Orfila publishes his groundbreaking Traité des poisons, formalizing the field of toxicology. Charles Waterton begins the process of turning his estate at Walton Hall, West Yorkshire, England into what is, in effect, the world's first nature reserve. Following the death of his father Wossen Seged, Sahle Selassie arrives at the capital Qundi before his other brothers, and is made Meridazmach of Shewa. The Supreme Council for the Northern Jurisdiction of the United States of America is founded. Probable date – George E. Clymer invents the Columbian press, used to print newspapers worldwide. Births January–June January 19 – Sir Henry Bessemer, English inventor (d. 1898) January 21 – John C. Frémont, American soldier, explorer (d. 1890) January 26 – Juan Pablo Duarte, founder of the Dominican Republic (d. 1876) February 8 – José Manuel Pareja, Spanish admiral (d. 1865) February 11 – Otto Ludwig, German writer (d. 1865) February 12 – James Dwight Dana, American geologist, mineralogist (d. 1895) February 15 – Frederick Holbrook, Vermont governor (d. 1909) March 14 – Joseph P. Bradley, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1892) March 15 – John Snow, English doctor, pioneer of epidemiology (d. 1858) March 16 – Gaëtan de Rochebouët, Prime Minister of France (d. 1899) March 18 – Christian Friedrich Hebbel, German poet, playwright (d. 1863) March 19 – David Livingstone, Scottish missionary explorer (d. 1873) March 21 – James Strang, Mormon splinter group leader (d. 1856) March 23 – Mary Elizabeth Lee, American writer (d. 1849) March 27 – Nathaniel Currier, American illustrator (d. 1888) April 1 – Karl Friedrich August Rammelsberg, German mineralogist (d. 1899) April 8 – Leah Fox, American hoax medium (d. 1890) April 17 – Mary Peters, née Bowley, English hymn writer (d. 1856) April 19 – David Settle Reid, American politician (d. 1891) April 23 – Stephen A. Douglas, American Senator from Illinois, Presidential candidate (d. 1861) May 5 – Søren Kierkegaard, Danish philosopher (d. 1855) May 15 – Stephen Heller, Hungarian composer (d. 1888) May 21 – Robert Murray M'Cheyne, Scottish clergyman