established. December 28 – The province of Echigo, Japan, is hit by a 6.8 magnitude earthquake, killing more than 1,500 people. December 30 – Publication (begun on January 14) of Franz Schubert's song cycle Winterreise is concluded posthumously. Date unknown Friedrich Wöhler synthesizes urea, possibly discrediting a cornerstone of vitalism. Ányos Jedlik creates the world's first electric motor. 32,000 Angolans are sold in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The Office of the Institutions of Empress Maria is founded in Russia. The Bank of Australasia, as predecessor of Australia and New Zealand Banking Group (ANZ Group), was founded in Tasmania, Australia. Births January–June January 17 – Alexandru Cernat, Moldavian-born Romanian general and politician (d. 1893) January 22 – Dora d'Istria, Romanian-Albanian writer (d. 1888) January 23 – Saigō Takamori, Japanese samurai (d. 1877) February 8 – Jules Verne, French science fiction author (d. 1905) March 13 – Sébastien Lespès, French admiral (d. 1897) March 17 – Patrick Cleburne, Irish soldier, Confederate general (d. 1864) March 18 – Sir Randal Cremer, English politician, pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1908) March 20 – Henrik Ibsen, Norwegian playwright (d. 1906) March 24 – Horace Gray, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1902) April 17 – Johanna Mestorf, German prehistoric archaeologist (d. 1909) April 20 – Josephine Butler, British social reformer (d. 1906) April 26 – Martha Finley, American teacher, author (d. 1909) April 29 – Étienne Stéphane Tarnier, French obstetrician, inventor (d. 1897) May 8 Henry Dunant, Swiss founder of the Red Cross, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1910) Charbel Makhluf, Lebanese monk canonized in 1977 by Pope Paul VI (d. 1898) May 12 – Dante Gabriel Rossetti, English poet, painter (d. 1882) June 21 – Ferdinand André Fouqué, French geologist, petrologist (d. 1904) June 28 – Alexandre Franquet, French admiral (d. 1907) July–December July 9 – Luigi Oreglia di Santo Stefano, Italian Catholic churchman (d. 1913) July 23 – Sir Jonathan Hutchinson, English physician (d. 1913) July 28 – Iosif Gurko, Russian field marshal (d. 1901) July 31 – Ignacio de Veintemilla, 11th President of Ecuador (d. 1908) August 6 – Andrew Taylor Still, American father of osteopathy (d. 1917) August 17 – Maria Deraismes, French feminist (d. 1894) August 28 – William A. Hammond, American military physician, neurologist and 11th Surgeon General of the United States Army (1862–1864) (d. 1900) September 1 –