Hundred. This council is itself soon defeated and order is almost restored, when the Five Thousand start ruling. Early next year, they are also overthrown and the old democracy is restored. 410 BC: Athens regains control over its vital grain route from the Black Sea by defeating Sparta in the Battle of Cyzicus. 400s BC 409 BC: Athens recaptures Byzantium, thereby putting an end to its revolt against Athens and taking control of the whole Bosporus. 409 BC: The city of Rhodes is founded. 409 BC: The Carthaginians invade Sicily. 408 BC: The Persian king, Darius II, decides to aid Sparta in the war and makes his son Cyrus a satrap. However, Cyrus starts collecting an army to benefit his own interests, rather than his father's. 408 BC: Alcibiades returns to Athens in triumph after an absence of seven years. 407 BC: The Athenian fleet is routed by the Spartan one in the Battle of Notium, which gives Alcibiades' opponents a reason to strip him of command. He never returns to Athens again. 406 BC: Athens defeats Sparta in the Battle of Arginusae and the blockade of Conon is lifted. 406 BC: Sparta sues for peace, but Athens rejects this. 406 BC: The Carthaginians once again invade Sicily and return to Carthage with spoils of war, but also with the plague. 405 BC: The Spartan king Pausanias lays siege to Athens, which makes the city start starving. 405 BC: Dionysius the Elder rises to power in Syracuse. He signs a peace with Carthage and starts consolidating and expanding his influence. April 25, 404 BC: Athens surrenders to Sparta, ending the Peloponnesian War. Sparta introduces an oligarchic system, the Thirty Tyrants, in Athens. 404 BC: Egypt rebels against Persian rule. 403 BC: The Chinese state of Jin is divided into three smaller nations. 403 BC: The first hydraulic engineering in China for a large irrigation canal system is designed by Ximen Bao. 403 BC: Some exiled Athenians return to fight the Thirty Tyrants and restore democracy in Athens. They are, however, narrowly defeated by the Spartans in the Battle of Piraeus. After this, the Spartan king Pausanias allows democracy to be restored in Athens. 403 BC: Thrasybulus restores the Athenian democracy and grants an almost general amnesty. 403 BC: The Athenians adopt the Ionian alphabet. 401 BC: Cyrus the Younger rebels against the Persian king Artaxerxes II but is, however, eventually