Holy League, against the Ottoman Empire. August 20 – A large Williamite force under Marshal Schomberg begins the siege of Carrickfergus in the north of Ireland, which surrenders on August 27. August 21 – First Jacobite rising: Battle of Dunkeld – Covenanters defeat the Jacobites in Scotland. August 23 – Roman Catholic cardinals convene in Rome for a papal conclave to elect a successor to Pope Innocent XI. The conclave lasts until October 6. Gravely ill, the Empress Xiaoyiren is proclaimed empress by her husband, China's Emperor Kangxi, after having been Imperial Noble Consort since 1682. She dies the next day. August 27 – China and Russia sign the Treaty of Nerchinsk. September 8 – The Siege of Mainz (in the modern-day Rheinland-Pfalz state of Germany), which had started on June 1, ends after almost three months, as French General Nicolas Chalon du Blé surrenders the walled city to the armies of Austria and the Dutch Republic. September 9 – King William brings England into a military alliance with the Holy Roman Empire in a fight against France in the Nine Years War. September 24 – The Holy Roman Empire wins the Battle of Niš, fought against the Ottoman Empire during the Great Turkish War in modern-day Serbia. September 28 and 29 – A total lunar eclipse is visible in eastern America, western Europe and west Africa. October–December October 6 – The papal conclave in Rome unanimously elects Pietro Vito Ottoboni as the new Pope. Ottoboni takes the name Alexander VIII and succeeds Pope Innocent XI, to become the 241st pope, the first Venetian to hold the office in over 200 years. October 26 – Skopje fire of 1689 occurs, lasting for two days and burning much of the city. November 11 – The Siege of Larache in Morocco ends when the Spanish troops surrender to Mawlay Ismail and the Moroccan forces. November 22 – Peter the Great decrees the construction of the Great Siberian Road to China. December 10 – A great comet is visible from Pekin and sightings continue until December 24th, including many sightings from Dutch ships near the equator. December 16 – Convention Parliament – The English Bill of Rights is officially declared in force. December 22 – A serious earthquake strikes Innsbruck, Austria. Date unknown Peter the Great plots to overthrow his half-sister Sophia as regent of Russia. Supporters of William of Orange seize Liverpool