Year 1555 (MDLV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June January 22 – The Kingdom of Ava in Upper Burma falls. February 2 – The Diet of Augsburg begins. February 4 – John Rogers suffers death by burning at the stake at Smithfield, London, the first of the Protestant martyrs of the English Reformation under Mary I of England. February 8 – Laurence Saunders becomes the second of the Marian Protestant martyrs in England, being led barefoot to his death by burning at the stake in Coventry. February 9 – Rowland Taylor, Rector of Hadleigh, Suffolk, and John Hooper, deposed Bishop of Gloucester, are burned at the stake in England. April 10 – Pope Marcellus II succeeds Julius III as the 222nd pope. He will reign for 22 days. April 17 – After 18 months of siege, the Republic of Siena surrenders to the Florentine–Imperial army. May 23 – Pope Paul IV succeeds Marcellus II, as the 223rd pope. May 25 – Jeanne d'Albret succeeds Henri II on the Navarrese throne. June 1 – The Treaty of Amasya between the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Persia concludes the Ottoman–Safavid War (1532–1555). July–December July 12 – Pope Paul IV creates the Roman Ghetto, the first Jewish ghetto in Rome. September 25 – The Peace of Augsburg is signed between Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, and the Lutheran Schmalkaldic League, establishing the principle Cuius regio, eius religio, that is, rulers within the Empire can choose the religion of their realm. September – The 1555 Kashmir earthquake causes widespread destruction and death in Kashmir, India. October 16 Battle of Miyajima Island: Mori Motonari defeats Sue Harukata. Two of the Oxford Martyrs, Hugh Latimer and Nicholas Ridley, are burned at the stake in England. October 25 – Charles V abdicates as Holy Roman Emperor and is succeeded by his brother Ferdinand. Date unknown Russia breaks a 60-year-old truce with Sweden by attacking Finland. Humayun resumes rule of the Mughal Empire. Second Battle of Panipat: Bairam Khan defeats Hindu forces. The Adal Sultanate in the Horn of Africa collapses. The Muscovy Company is chartered in England to trade with Muscovy and Richard Chancellor negotiates with the Tsar. English captain John Lok returns from Guinea, with five Africans to train as interpreters for future trading voyages. Richard Eden publishes The Decades of the Newe Worlde