Events January–March January 14 – President Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte proclaims a new constitution for the French Second Republic. January 15 – Nine men representing various Jewish charitable organizations come together to form what will become Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City. January 17 – The United Kingdom recognizes the independence of the Transvaal. February 3 – Battle of Caseros, Argentina: The Argentine provinces of Entre Rios and Corrientes, allied with Brazil and members of Colorado Party of Uruguay, defeat Buenos Aires troops under Juan Manuel de Rosas. February 11 – The first British public toilet for women opens in Bedford Street, London. February 14 – The Great Ormond Street Hospital for Sick Children, London, admits its first patient. February 16 – The Studebaker Brothers Wagon Company, precursor of the automobile manufacturer, is established in South Bend, Indiana. February 19 – Phi Kappa Psi fraternity is founded in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, at Jefferson College. February 25 – sinks near Cape Town, British Cape Colony. Only 193 of the 643 on board survive, after troops stand firm on the deck so as not to overwhelm the lifeboats containing women and children. March 1 – Archibald Montgomerie, 13th Earl of Eglinton, is appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. March 2 – The first American experimental steam fire engine is tested. March 4 – Phi Mu sorority is founded in Macon, Georgia. March 17 – Annibale de Gasparis discovers in Naples the asteroid Psyche from the north dome of the Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte. March 18 – Henry Wells and William Fargo create Wells Fargo & Company. March 20 – Uncle Tom's Cabin, by Harriet Beecher Stowe, is published in book form in Boston, Massachusetts. April–June April 1 – The Second Anglo-Burmese War begins. April 18 – Taiping Rebellion in China: Taiping forces begin the siege of Guilin. May 19 – Taiping Rebellion: The siege of Guilin is lifted. June 12 – Taiping Rebellion: Taiping forces enter Hunan. June 30 – The New Zealand Constitution Act 1852 is passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom to grant the British colony self-government with a representative constitution. July–September July 1 – American statesman Henry Clay is the first to receive the honor of lying in state in the United States Capitol rotunda. July 5 – Frederick Douglass delivers his famous speech, "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?", in Rochester, New York. July 28 –