widely credited with coining the term "security theater" to describe some such changes. As a Fellow of Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University, Schneier is exploring the intersection of security, technology, and people, with an emphasis on power. Movie plot threat "Movie-plot threat" is a term Schneier coined that refers to very specific and dramatic terrorist attack scenarios, reminiscent of the behavior of terrorists in movies, rather than what terrorists actually do in the real world. Security measures created to protect against movie plot threats do not provide a higher level of real security, because such preparation only pays off if terrorists choose that one particular avenue of attack, which may not even be feasible. Real-world terrorists would also be likely to notice the highly specific security measures, and simply attack in some other way. The specificity of movie plot threats gives them power in the public imagination, however, so even extremely unrealistic security theater countermeasures may receive strong support from the public and legislators. Among many other examples of movie plot threats, Schneier described banning baby carriers from subways, for fear that they may contain explosives. Starting in April 2006, Schneier has had an annual contest to create the most fantastic movie-plot threat. In 2015, during the 8th and the last one, he mentioned that the contest may have run its course. System design Schneier has criticized security approaches that try to prevent any malicious incursion, instead arguing that designing systems to fail well is more important. The designer of a system should not underestimate the capabilities of an attacker, as technology may make it possible in the future to do things that are not possible at the present. Under Kerckhoffs's Principle, the need for one or more parts of a cryptographic system to remain secret increases the fragility of the system; whether details about a system should be obscured depends upon the availability of persons who can make use of the information for beneficial uses versus the potential for attackers to misuse the information. Cryptographic algorithms Schneier has been involved in the creation of many cryptographic algorithms. Hash functions: Skein Stream ciphers: Solitaire Phelix Helix Pseudo-random number generators: Fortuna Yarrow algorithm Block ciphers: Blowfish Twofish Threefish MacGuffin Publications Schneier, Bruce. Applied Cryptography, John Wiley & Sons, 1994. Schneier, Bruce. Protect Your Macintosh, Peachpit Press, 1994. Schneier, Bruce. E-Mail Security, John Wiley & Sons, 1995. Schneier,