generated a rotating magnetic field to turn the motor (a principle that Tesla claimed to have conceived in 1882). Tesla received a patent for his electric motor in May 1888. In 1885, Galileo Ferraris independently researched rotating magnetic fields and subsequently published his research in a paper to the Royal Academy of Sciences in Turin, just two months before Tesla was awarded his patent, in March 1888. The twentieth century showed that classical electrodynamics is already consistent with special relativity, and extended classical electrodynamics to work with quantum mechanics. Albert Einstein, in his paper of 1905 that established relativity, showed that both the electric and magnetic fields are part of the same phenomena viewed from different reference frames. Finally, the emergent field of quantum mechanics was merged with electrodynamics to form quantum electrodynamics, which first formalized the notion that electromagnetic field energy is quantized in the form of photons. See also General Magnetohydrodynamics – the study of the dynamics of electrically conducting fluids Magnetic hysteresis – application to ferromagnetism Magnetic nanoparticles – extremely small magnetic particles that are tens of atoms wide Magnetic reconnection – an effect that causes solar flares and auroras Magnetic scalar potential SI electromagnetism units – common units used in electromagnetism Orders of magnitude (magnetic field) – list of magnetic field sources and measurement devices from smallest magnetic fields to largest detected Upward continuation Moses Effect Mathematics Magnetic helicity – extent to which a magnetic field wraps around itself Applications Dynamo theory – a proposed mechanism for the creation of the Earth's magnetic field Helmholtz coil – a device for producing a region of nearly uniform magnetic field Magnetic field viewing film – Film used to view the magnetic field of an area Magnetic pistol – a device on torpedoes or naval mines that detect the magnetic field of their target Maxwell coil – a device for producing a large volume of an almost constant magnetic field Stellar magnetic field – a discussion of the magnetic field of stars Teltron tube – device used to display an electron beam and demonstrates effect of electric and magnetic fields on moving charges Notes References Further reading External links Crowell, B., "Electromagnetism". Nave, R., "Magnetic Field". HyperPhysics. "Magnetism", The Magnetic Field (archived 9 July 2006). theory.uwinnipeg.ca. Hoadley, Rick, "What do magnetic fields look like?" 17 July 2005. Magnetism Physical quantities