Year 1546 (MDXLVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June May 19 – The Siege of Kawagoe Castle ends in defeat for the Uesugi clan, in their attempt to regain Kawagoe Castle from the Late Hōjō clan in Japan. June 7 – The Treaty of Ardres (also known as the Treaty of Camp) is signed, resulting in peace between the kingdoms of England and France, ending the Italian War of 1542–1546. July–December July 10 – The Schmalkaldic War, a political struggle between imperial forces under Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, and the Lutheran forces of the Schmalkaldic League, begins. November 4 – Christ Church, Oxford, is refounded as a college by Henry VIII of England under this name. December 19 – Trinity College, Cambridge, is founded by Henry VIII of England. Date unknown Katharina von Bora flees to Magdeburg. Michelangelo is made chief architect of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. The Spanish conquest of Yucatán is completed. Births January 27 – Joachim Friedrich, Elector of Brandenburg (d. 1608) February 1 – Mogami Yoshiaki, Japanese daimyō of the Yamagata domain (d. 1614) February 4 – Jakob Monau, Polish writer and linguist (d. 1603) February 14 – Johann Pistorius, German historian (d. 1608) March 16 – Francesco Barbaro, Italian diplomat (d. 1616) March 21 – Bartholomeus Spranger, Flemish painter (d. 1611) March 25 – Giacomo Castelvetro, Italian writer (d. 1616) March 27 – Johannes Piscator, German theologian (d. 1625) March 29 – Anne d'Escars de Givry, French Catholic cardinal (d. 1612) April 1 – Nanbu Nobunao, Japanese daimyō (d. 1599) April 20 – Bernardo de Sandoval y Rojas, Spanish Catholic cardinal (d. 1618) June 13 – Tobias Matthew, English Archbishop of York (d. 1628) June 14 – Wolfgang, Count of Hohenlohe-Weikersheim, German count (d. 1610) June 24 – Robert Parsons, English Jesuit priest (d. 1610) June 29 – Dorothea of Denmark, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1561-1592) (d. 1617) July 4 – Murat III, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1595) August 10 – Juliana of Nassau-Dillenburg, Dutch prince (d. 1588) August 13 – Jan Opaliński, Polish nobleman and Castellan of Rogozin (d. 1598) August 31 – Daniel Adam z Veleslavína, Czech lexicographer (d. 1599) September 6 – Pedro Álvarez de Toledo, 5th Marquis of Villafranca, Spanish noble and politician (d. 1627) September 11 – Arild Huitfeldt, Danish historian (d. 1609) September 13 – Isabella