issue an ordonnance excusing the French nobility from military service if they pay a tax which allows the hiring of paid cavalry. August 15 – The Spanish besiege Corbie, France. August 25 (August 15 Old Style) – The covenant of the Town of Dedham, Massachusetts Bay Colony is first signed. September 18 (September 8 Old Style) – A vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony establishes New College (Harvard University), as the first college founded in the United States. October–December October 4 (September 24 Old Style) – Thirty Years' War – Battle of Wittstock: A Swedish-allied army defeats a combined Imperial-Saxon army. November 5 – English theologian Henry Burton preaches two sermons on Guy Fawkes Day, heavily critical of the Anglican bishops, and is soon summoned before the Star Chamber. December 23 (December 13 Old Style) – The Massachusetts Bay Colony organizes three militia regiments to defend the colony against the Pequot Indians. This organization is recognized today as the founding of the United States National Guard. Date unknown Thirty Years' War: French intervention starts. Manchus occupy the Liaoning region in north China, select Shenyang (Mukden) as their capital, and proclaim the new Qing dynasty (pure). The shōgun forbids Japanese to travel abroad, and those abroad from returning home. Emperor Fasilides founds the city of Gondar, which becomes the capital of Ethiopia for the next two centuries. The first American ancestor of John Adams, Henry Adams, emigrates to Massachusetts. The first synagogue of the New World, Kahal Zur Israel Synagogue, is founded in Recife by the Dutch. Births January–March January 1 – Jacques Cassagne, French clergyman (d. 1679) January 8 – Fernando de Valenzuela, 1st Marquis of Villasierra, Spanish noble (d. 1692) January 12 – Jean-Baptiste Monnoyer, French painter (d. 1699) January 20 – Count Maximilian I, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (d. 1689) February 6 – Heiman Dullaart, Dutch painter (d. 1684) February 12 – Hermann Witsius, Dutch theologian (d. 1708) February 16 – Shubael Dummer, American Congregational church minister (d. 1692) March 1 – Giacinto Camillo Maradei, Italian Catholic prelate, Bishop of Policastro (d. 1705) March 8 – Robert Kerr, 1st Marquess of Lothian (d. 1703) March 13 – Ulrik Huber, Dutch philosopher (d. 1694) March 25 – Henric Piccardt, Dutch lawyer (d. 1712) April–June April 6 – Noël Bouton de Chamilly, Marshal of France (d. 1715) April 10 – Balthasar Kindermann, German poet (d.