newly created Armenian Alphabet. 406: The eastern frontier of the Western Roman Empire collapses as waves of Suebi, Alans, and Vandals cross the then-frozen river Rhine near Mainz and enter Gaul. 407: Constantine III leads many of the Roman military units from Britain to Gaul and occupies Arles (Arelate). This is generally seen as Rome's withdrawal from Britain. 410: Rome ransacked by the Visigoths led by King Alaric. 411: Suebi establish the first independent Christian kingdom of Western Europe in Gallaecia. 413: St. Augustine, Bishop of Hippo, begins to write The City of God. 415 – 455: Kumaragupta, Gupta emperor. 420: The Jin dynasty comes to an end by Liu Yu. 420 – 589: Northern and Southern dynasties in China. 426: K'inich Yax K'uk' Mo' reestablish Copan. 430: The Ilopango volcano erupts, devastating the Mayan cities in present-day El Salvador. 431: First Council of Ephesus, the third ecumenical council which upholds the title Theotokos or "mother of God", for Mary, the mother of Jesus Christ. 439: Vandals conquer Carthage. At some point after 440, the Anglo-Saxons settle in Britain. The traditional story is that they were invited there by Vortigern. 450: Historical linguist Albert C. Baugh dates Old English from around this year. 450: Several stone inscriptions are made witness to edicts from West Java. Amongst others, the Tugu inscription announces decrees of Purnavarman, the King of Tarumanagara, one of the earliest Hindu kingdoms of Java. (up until the year 669) 451: Council of Chalcedon, the fourth ecumenical council which taught of Jesus Christ as one divine person in two natures. 451: The Persians declare war on the Armenians. 451: The Huns under Attila facing the Romans and the Visigoths are defeated in the Battle of Chalons. 452: The Metropolis of Aquileia is destroyed by Attila and his army. 452: Pope Leo I meets in person with Attila on the Mincio River and convinces him not to ransack Rome. 453: Death of Attila. The Hunnic Empire is divided between Attila's sons. 454: Battle of Nedao. Germanic tribes destroy the main Hunnic army and do away with Hunnic domination. 455: Vandals sack Rome. 455: The city of Chichen Itza is founded in Mexico. 455 – 467: Skandagupta, the last great Gupta emperor. 469: Death of Dengizich, last Khan of the Hunnic Empire. 470: Riothamus, King of the Britons, helps the Roman Emperor in Brittany against the Visigoths. 476: Deposition of Romulus