the first King of Hungary in Esztergom. Sancho III of Navarre became King of Aragon and Navarre. The Reconquista was gaining some ground, but the southern Iberian peninsula would still be dominated by Islam for centuries to come; Córdoba at this time was the world's largest city with 450,000 inhabitants. In the Kingdom of Croatia the army of the Republic of Venice lead by Doge Pietro II Orseolo conquered the island of Lastovo. The Château de Goulaine vineyard was founded in France. The archdiocese in Gniezno was founded; the first archbishop was Gaudentius (Radim), from Slavník's dynasty, and dioceses in Kołobrzeg, Kraków and Wrocław. The Bell foundry was founded in Italy by Pontificia Fonderia Marinelli. Islamic world The Islamic world was in its Golden Age; still organised in caliphates, it continued to be dominated by the Abbasid Caliphate, with the Caliphate of Córdoba to the west, and experienced ongoing campaigns in Africa and in India. At the time, Persia was in a period of instability, with various polities seceding from Abbasid rule, among whom the Ghaznavids would emerge as the most powerful. The Islamic world was reaching the peak of its historical scientific achievements. Important scholars and scientists who flourished in AD 1000 include Abu al-Qasim (Abcasis), Ibn Yunus (publishes his astronomical treatise Al-Zij al-Hakimi al-Kabir in Cairo in c. 1000), Abu Sahl al-Quhi (Kuhi), Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi, Abu Nasr Mansur, Abu al-Wafa, Ahmad ibn Fadlan, Al-Muqaddasi, Ali Ibn Isa, and al-Karaji (al-Karkhi). Ibn al-Haytham (Book of Optics), Avicenna, Averroes, and Abu Rayhan al-Biruni all flourished around the year 1000. By this time, the Turkic migration from the Eurasian Steppe had reached Eastern Europe, and most of the Turkic tribes (Khazars, Bulghars, Pechenegs etc.) had been Islamized. Babylon abandoned Babylon was abandoned around this year. Largest cities Córdoba, Caliphate of Córdoba – 450,000 Kaifeng, Song Dynasty (China) – 400,000 Constantinople, Byzantine Empire – 300,000 Angkor, Khmer Empire (Cambodia) – 200,000 Kyoto, Heian Period (Japan) – 175,000 Cairo, Fatimid Caliphate – 135,000 Baghdad, Buyid Dynasty (Iraq) – 125,000 Nishapur, Ghaznavid Dynasty (Iran) – 125,000 Al-Hasa, Qarmatian State (Arabia) – 110,000 Patan, Chaulukya Dynasty (India) – 100,000 Births June 22 – Robert I, duke of Normandy (d. 1035) Adalbert, duke of Upper Lorraine (d. 1048) Adalbert, archbishop of Hamburg (d. 1072) Argyrus, Byzantine general (approximate date) Berthold II, duke of Carinthia (approximate date) Constantine IX, Byzantine emperor (d. 1055) Dominic of Silos, Spanish