and investigation reports. Investments The World Bank Group has also been criticized for investing in projects with human rights issues. The Compliance Advisor/Ombudsman (CAO) criticized a loan the Bank made to the palm oil company Dinant after the 2009 Honduran coup d'état. There have been numerous killings of Campesinos in the region where Dinant was operating. Other controversial investments include loans to the Chixoy Hydroelectric Dam in Guatemala while it was under military dictatorship, and to Goldcorp (then Glamis Gold) for the construction of the Marlin Mine. In 2019, the Congressional-Executive Commission on China questioned the World Bank about a loan in Xinjiang, China, that was used to buy high-end security gear, including surveillance equipment. The Bank launched an internal investigation in response to the allegation. In August 2020, U.S. lawmakers questioned the continued disbursement of the loan. List of presidents Eugene Meyer (18 June 1946 – 4 December 1946) John J. McCloy (17 March 1947 – 1 July 1949) Eugene R. Black, Sr. (1 July 1949 – 1 January 1963) George D. Woods (1 January 1963 – 1 April 1968) Robert McNamara (1 April 1968 – 1 July 1981) Alden W. Clausen (1 July 1981 – 1 July 1986) Barber Conable (1 July 1986 – 1 September 1991) Lewis T. Preston (1 September 1991 – 1 February 1995) Acting: Ernest Stern (1 February 1995 – 1 June 1995) James Wolfensohn (1 June 1995 – 1 June 2005) Paul Wolfowitz (1 June 2005 – 1 July 2007) Robert Zoellick (1 July 2007 – 1 July 2012) Jim Yong Kim (1 July 2012 – 1 February 2019) Kristalina Georgieva (1 February 2019 – 4 April 2019) (Interim) David Malpass (5 April 2019 – present) List of chief economists Hollis B. Chenery (1972–1982) Anne Osborn Krueger (1982–1986) Stanley Fischer (1988–1990) Lawrence Summers (1991–1993) Michael Bruno (1993–1996) Joseph E. Stiglitz (1997–2000) Nicholas Stern (2000–2003) François Bourguignon (2003–2007) Justin Yifu Lin (June 2008 – June 2012) Martin Ravallion - (June 2012 – October 2012) Kaushik Basu (October 2012 – July 2016) Paul Romer (August 2016 – January 2018) Shanta Devarajan (January 2018 – November 2018) (Acting) Pinelopi Koujianou Goldberg (November 2018 – February 2020) Aart Kraay (March 2020 – June 2020) (Acting) Carmen Reinhart (June 2020 – present) List of World Bank Directors-General of Evaluation Christopher Willoughby, Successively Unit Chief, Division Chief, and Department Director for Operations Evaluation (1970–1976) Mervyn L. Weiner, First Director-General,