martial law and offering freedom to slaves of Patriots who run away from their owners and join the Loyalist forces (formal proclamation November 15) thus losing the support of planters who see slaves as their vital livelihood. November 10 – American Revolution: The Continental Congress passes a resolution creating the Continental Marines to serve as landing troops for the recently created Continental Navy (the Marines are disbanded at end of the war in April 1783 but reformed on July 11, 1798 as the United States Marine Corps). November 13 – American Revolution: Battle of Montreal – American forces under Brigadier General Richard Montgomery capture Montreal. British General Guy Carleton escapes to Quebec. November 17 – The city of Kuopio, Finland (belonging to Sweden at this time) is founded by King Gustav III of Sweden. December 5 – American Revolution: Henry Knox begins his journey to Cambridge, Massachusetts with the artillery that has been captured from Fort Ticonderoga. December 31 – American Revolution: Battle of Quebec – British forces repulse an attack by Continental Army generals Richard Montgomery and Benedict Arnold at Quebec; Montgomery is killed. Date unknown Industrial Revolution in Great Britain. James Watt's 1769 steam engine patent is extended to June 1800 by Act of Parliament and the first engines are built under it. John Wilkinson invents and patents a new kind of boring machine. Catherine the Great decrees a Statute for the Administration of the Provinces of the Russian Empire dividing the country into provinces and districts for efficient government. A smallpox epidemic begins in New England. Tseax Cone in northwestern British Columbia erupts. Typhoon Liengkieki devastates the Pacific atoll of Pingelap. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart writes his five violin concertos in Salzburg at about this date. The Calcutta Theatre is inaugurated. Shneur Zalman of Liadi founds the Chabad-Lubavitch Hasidic Jewish dynasty. Probable date – Jeanne Baret returns to France, becoming the first woman to complete a circumnavigation of the globe. Births January–March January 2 – Henry Tufton, 11th Earl of Thanet, English cricketer (d. 1849) January 3 – Francis Caulfeild, 2nd Earl of Charlemont, Irish politician (d. 1863) January 4 George Weare Braikenridge, English antiquarian (d. 1856) Carlo, Duke of Calabria, Italian prince (d. 1778) January 6 Date Narimura, Japanese daimyō (d. 1796) Horace St Paul, English soldier and Member of Parliament (d. 1840) January 7 – Thomas Amyot, English antiquarian (d. 1850) January 9 Juan Francisco Larrobla,