invader." October–December October 9 – War of 1812: American naval forces under Lieutenant Jesse Duncan Elliott capture two British warships, and . October 12 – The capital of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States, is permanently moved from Lancaster to Harrisburg. October 13 – War of 1812 – Battle of Queenston Heights: As part of the Niagara campaign in Ontario, Canada, United States forces under General Stephen Van Rensselaer are repulsed from invading Canada by British and native troops, led by Sir Isaac Brock (who dies during the battle). October 18–20 – Second Battle of Polotsk – Russians attack and defeat a Franco-Bavarian force in Belarus. October 19 – Napoleon begins his retreat from Moscow. October 23 – Malet coup of 1812: General Claude François de Malet attempts unsuccessfully to overthrow the Napoleonic régime in Paris. October 24 – Napoleonic Wars – Battle of Maloyaroslavets: An inconclusive encounter between the French vanguard and a Russian force leads Napoleon to decide to retreat along the same line as his advance, with disastrous results. November 3 – Napoleonic Wars – Battle of Vyazma: The rearguard of Napoleon's retreating army is defeated. November 5 – 1812 United States presidential election: James Madison defeats DeWitt Clinton. November 10 – 1812 United Kingdom general election: The Tory Party is victorious, under Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool. November 15–18 – Napoleonic Wars – Battle of Krasnoi: Napoleon's retreating army is again defeated in a series of skirmishes. December 8 – The M6.9–7.5 San Juan Capistrano earthquake affects Alta California with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VII (Very strong) to IX (Violent), killing 40 parishioners at Mission San Juan Capistrano. December 14 – The French invasion of Russia comes to an end as the remnants of the Grande Armée are expelled from Russia. December 20 – The first volume of Grimms' Fairy Tales is published in Germany. December 29 – War of 1812: defeats the British frigate , off the coast of Brazil. December 30 – The Convention of Tauroggen is signed. Date unknown The Bishop James Madison Society is founded at the College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia. The Woodford Reserve Bourbon whiskey distillery, established in 1780 along Glenn's Creek in Woodford County, Kentucky, passes to the control of Oscar Pepper. The Ranikot Fort is reconstructed in Sindh. Approximate date – Battle of Shela: The people of Lamu Island are victorious against those from