Events January–March January 8 – Michiel de Ruyter marries the widow Anna van Gelder and plans retirement, but months later becomes a vice-commodore in the First Anglo-Dutch War. February 4 – At Edinburgh, the parliamentary commissioners of the Commonwealth of England proclaim the Tender of Union to be in force in Scotland, annexing the Scottish nation with the concession that Scotland would have 30 representatives in the parliament of the English Commonwealth. February 12 – Oliver Cromwell, England's Lord Protector, announces that his Council of Scotland will regulate church affairs as part of the Terms of Incorporation of Scotland into England, and eliminates Presbyterianism as Scotland's state religion. March 29 – A total solar eclipse occurs on (Black Monday, or on 8 April New Style in the Gregorian calendar). April–June April 6 – Dutch sailor Jan van Riebeeck establishes a resupply camp for the Dutch East India Company at the Cape of Good Hope in what is now South Africa, thus founding Cape Town. May 18 – Rhode Island passes the first law in North America making slavery illegal. May 19 (May 29, Gregorian calendar) – First Anglo-Dutch War: Battle of Dover – The opening battle is fought off Dover, between Lt.-Admiral Maarten Harpertszoon Tromp's 42 Dutch ships and 21 English ships divided into two squadrons, one commanded by Robert Blake and the other by Nehemiah Bourne; the result is inconclusive. June 13 – George Fox preaches to a large crowd on Firbank Fell in England, leading to the establishment of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers). July–September July 2 – The Battle of the Faubourg St Antoine is fought east of Paris between the French Parliamentarians (led by Louis, Grand Condé) against the army of King Louis XIV, commanded by the Viscount of Turenne, with neither side prevailing. July 4 – A mob kills 150 people, including judges, in the massacre at the Hôtel de Ville in Paris. July 5 – A treaty is signed between the Province of Maryland and the Conestoga Indians, ceding most of the land around the Chesapeake Bay to the English colonists. July 10 – The First Anglo-Dutch War begins as the English Commonwealth declares war against the Dutch Republic. July 17 – The "Great Fire of Glasgow" destroys one-third of the Scottish city. August 26 – During the First Anglo-Dutch War, in the Battle of Plymouth, a fleet from the England attacks an