Thaw, opens in Moscow. Heavy rains and mudslides at Isahaya, western Kyūshū, Japan, kill 992. July 29 – The International Atomic Energy Agency is established. August August 4 – Juan Manuel Fangio, driving for Maserati, wins the Formula One German Grand Prix, clinching (with 4 wins this season) his record 5th world drivers championship, including his 4th consecutive championship (also a record); these 2 records endure for nearly half a century. August 31 – The Federation of Malaya gains independence from the United Kingdom, subsequently celebrated as Malaysia's National Day. Abdul Rahman of Negeri Sembilan, Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan, becomes the first Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaya. The country's new Constitution had come into force on August 27. The Alliance Party and its successor are the ruling coalition until 2018. September September 9 – The Civil Rights Act of 1957 is enacted, establishing the United States Commission on Civil Rights. September 21 Olav V becomes King of Norway, on the death of his father Haakon VII. The sailing ship Pamir sinks off the Azores, in a hurricane. September 24 – Camp Nou, home-stadium of FC Barcelona, officially opens in Barcelona, Spain. September 29 – The Kyshtym disaster occurs, at the Mayak nuclear reprocessing plant in Russia. October October 1 – The Africanized bee is accidentally released in Brazil. October 4 Space Age – Sputnik program: The Soviet Union launches Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite to orbit the earth. The Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow delta wing interceptor aircraft is unveiled. October 10 – Windscale fire: Fire at the Windscale nuclear reactor on the north-west coast of England releases radioactive material into the surrounding environment, including iodine-131. October 11 The Jodrell Bank radio telescope opens in Cheshire, England. The orbit of the last stage of the R-7 Semyorka rocket (carrying Sputnik I) is first successfully calculated on an IBM 704 computer at the MIT Computation Center as part of Operation Moonwatch, Cambridge, Massachusetts. October 21 – Two trains collide at Yarımburgaz in Turkey; 95 die. October 23 – Morocco begins its invasion of Ifni. October 27 – Celâl Bayar is re-elected president of Turkey. November November 1 – The Mackinac Bridge, the world's longest suspension bridge between anchorages at this time, opens in the United States, to connect Michigan's two peninsulas. November 3 – Sputnik program: The Soviet Union launches Sputnik 2, with the first animal to orbit the