1823 – Olbers' paradox is described by the German astronomer Heinrich Wilhelm Olbers. January 8, 1824 – After much controversy, Michael Faraday is finally elected as a member of the Royal Society with only one vote against him. October 21, 1824 – Joseph Aspdin patents Portland Cement. 1824 – The Panoramagram is developed, creating the first volumetric display. 1824- Gideon Mantell and Mary Anning discover an Iguanodon tooth and Megalosaurus skeletons not far from their home in England giving birth to Paleontology. 1825 – Hans Christian Ørsted reduces aluminium chloride to make aluminium. June 1826 – Photography: Nicéphore Niépce makes a true photograph. 1826 – Aniline is first isolated from the destructive distillation of indigo by Otto Unverdorben. May 25, 1827 – Romanian inventor Petrache Poenaru receives a French patent for the invention of the first fountain pen with a replaceable ink cartridge. 1827 – Englishman John Walker invents the first friction match which he names Lucifer. 1828 – Friedrich Wöhler synthesizes urea, implicitly discrediting a cornerstone of vitalism. 1828 – Ányos Jedlik creates the world's first electric motor. 1828 – Casparus van Houten Sr. (father of Coenraad Johannes van Houten) patents an inexpensive method for pressing cocoa butter from roasted cocoa beans, leaving cocoa solids. This is an important step in modern solid chocolate production. May 6, 1829 – The patent for an instrument called the accordion is applied for by Cyrill Demian (Officially approved on May 23.) July 23, 1829 – In the United States, William Burt obtains the first patent for a form of typewriter. Transportation 1825 – The first horse-drawn omnibuses established in London. September 27, 1825 – The world's first modern railway, the Stockton and Darlington Railway, opens in England. October 26, 1825 – The Erie Canal opens, providing passage from Albany, New York to Buffalo and Lake Erie. 1825: The Ohio and Erie Canal is dug to extend settlement access and commercial traffic to the Ohio River. January 30, 1826 – The Menai Suspension Bridge, built by engineer Thomas Telford, is opened between the island of Anglesey and the mainland of Wales. April 1, 1826 – Samuel Morey patents the internal combustion engine. October 1, 1826 – Opening of the Monkland and Kirkintilloch Railway in Scotland. September 21, 1826 – Construction of the Rideau Canal begins in Canada. October 7, 1826 – The first train operates over the Granite Railway in Massachusetts. 1826 –