the throne of Japan, after her husband (and uncle) Emperor Jomei's death in 641. Winter – Yeon Gaesomun seizes power over Goguryeo (Korea), and places King Bojang on the throne. By topic Arts and sciences The earliest surviving dated Arabic-language papyrus (PERF 558), found in Heracleopolis (Egypt), and the earliest known Arabic text with diacritical marks is written. Architecture Arabs begin construction of the Mosque of Amr at Cairo, the first mosque built in Egypt and in all of Africa. Religion October 12 – Pope John IV dies after a 2-year reign. He is succeeded by a Jerusalem-born cleric of Greek descent, Theodore I, as the 73rd pope of Rome. A monastic settlement is founded in Hampshire (England) which later becomes Winchester Cathedral. Births Ceolfrith, Anglo-Saxon abbot (approximate date) Hasan al-Basri, Arab theologian (d. 728) Julian, archbishop of Toledo (d. 690) Máel Ruba, Irish abbot (d. 722) Mujahid ibn Jabr, Muslim scholar (or 645) Deaths August 5 or 641 – Oswald, king of Northumbria October 12 – Pope John IV Emma, Anglo-Saxon queen Eowa, king of Mercia (English Midlands) Domnall Brecc, king of Dál Riata Domnall mac Áedo, high king of Ireland Flaochad, Mayor of the Palace (Burgundy) Heraklonas, Byzantine emperor (approximate date) Khalid ibn al-Walid, Arab general (b. 592) Mardanshah, Persian general Nanthild, Frankish queen Pulakeshin II, king of Chalukya (India) Willibad, patrician (of duke) of Burgundy Yeongnyu, king of Goguryeo (Korea) Yuwen Shiji, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty References Sources