killing paramount chief Tuskaloosa. Date unknown Europe is hit by a heat wave and drought lasting for about seven months. Rivers such as the Rhine and Seine dry up, and many people die from dysentery and other illnesses, caused by lack of safe drinking water. However, this year's vintage from Würzburger Stein and other vineyards is particularly notable. Georg Joachim Rheticus publishes De libris revolutionum Copernici narratio prima in Danzig, an abstract of Copernicus' as yet unpublished De revolutionibus orbium coelestium, and the first printed publication of Copernican heliocentrism. Martin Luther expels theologian Caspar Schwenckfeld from Silesia. Paracelsus visits Villach. approximate date – The musket is introduced into Japan from Europe. Births January 18 – Catarina of Portugal, Duchess of Braganza, claimant to the Portuguese throne in 1580 (d. 1614) January 25 – Edmund Campion, English Jesuit and Roman Catholic martyr (d. 1581) January 28 – Ludolph van Ceulen, German mathematician (d. 1610) February 12 – Won Gyun, Korean general and admiral during the Joseon Dynasty (d. 1597) February 23 – Hedwig of Brandenburg, Duchess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (d. 1602) February 25 – Henry Howard, 1st Earl of Northampton, English aristocrat and courtier (d. 1614) March 1 – Enrique de Guzmán, 2nd Count of Olivares, Spanish noble (d. 1607) March 17 – Bernhard VII, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst, German prince of the House of Ascania (d. 1570) April 3 – Maria de' Medici, Italian noble (d. 1557) April 8 – Toyotomi Hidenaga, Japanese warlord (d. 1591) May 9 – Maharana Pratap, Indian warrior king (d. 1597) May 14 Paolo Paruta, Italian historian (d. 1598) Bartholomäus Scultetus, German mayor of Görlitz, astronomer (d. 1614) May 22 – James, Duke of Rothesay, Scottish prince (d. 1541) May 31 – Henry Cheyne, 1st Baron Cheyne, English politician and baron (d. 1587) June 3 – Charles II, Archduke of Austria, regent of Inner Austria (d. 1590) June 9 – Shima Sakon, Japanese samurai (d. 1600) June 11 – Barnabe Googe, English poet (d. 1594) June 29 – Ana de Mendoza, Princess of Eboli, Spanish countess (d. 1592) June 30 – Countess Palatine Elisabeth of Simmern-Sponheim, Duchess of Saxony (d. 1594) July 7 – John Sigismund Zápolya, King of Hungary (d. 1571) July 11 – Adolf of Nassau, Count of Nassau, Dutch soldier (d. 1568) July 16 – Alfonso Carafa, Italian cardinal (d. 1565) July 19 – Ludowika Margaretha of Zweibrücken-Bitsch, spouse of Count Philip V of