ruling Qing dynasty, and the establishment of the Republic of China (1912-1949). The Warlord Era (1916–1928) began. Mexican Revolution (1910–1920) Francisco I. Madero proclaims the elections of 1910 null and void, and calls for an armed revolution at 6 p.m. against the illegitimate presidency/dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz. The revolution lead to the ousting of Porfirio Díaz (who ruled from 1876 to 1880 and since 1884) six months later. The Revolution progressively becomes a civil war with multiple factions and phases, culminating with the Mexican Constitution of 1917, but combat would persist for three more years. Major political changes Portugal becomes the first republican country in the century after the 5 October 1910 revolution, ending its long-standing monarchy and creating the First Portuguese Republic in 1911. Germany abolishes its monarchy and becomes under the rule of a new elected government called the Weimar Republic. Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is passed, causing US senators to be directly elected rather than appointed by the state legislatures. Federal Reserve Act is passed by United States Congress, establishing a Central Bank in the US. George V becomes king in Britain. Dissolution of the German colonial empire, Ottoman Empire, Austria-Hungary and the Russian Empire, reorganization of European states, territorial boundaries, and the creation of several new European states and territorial entities: Austria, Czechoslovakia, Estonia, Finland, Free City of Danzig, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Saar, Ukraine, and Yugoslavia. Fourteen Points as designed by United States President Woodrow Wilson advocates the right of all nations to self-determination. Rise to power of the Bolsheviks in Russia under Vladimir Lenin, creating the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic, the first state committed to the establishment of communism. Decolonization and independence Easter Rising against the British in Ireland; eventually leads to Irish independence. Several nations in Eastern Europe get their own nation state, thereby replacing major multiethnic empires. The Republic of China is established on January 1, 1912. Prominent political events Assassinations and attempts Prominent assassinations, targeted killings, and assassination attempts include: March 18, 1913: George I of Greece June 11, 1913: Mahmud Şevket Pasha, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire June 28, 1914 — Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary is assassinated in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; prompting the events that led up to the start of World War I. July 17, 1918: Shooting of former Russian Emperor Nicholas II, his consort, their five children, and four retainers at