31 – The Treaty of Paris is signed, ending the Crimean War. April–June April – The Xhosa cattle-killing movement and famine begins in Cape Colony. April 7 – Nelson College is founded in Nelson, New Zealand. April 10 – Theta Chi international college fraternity is founded at Norwich University in Vermont. April 16 – The Paris Declaration Respecting Maritime Law abolishes privateering, and regulates the relationship between neutral and belligerent and shipping on the high seas. April 17 – The Chicago Historical Society Museum is established at 1601 N. Clark Street, Chicago. April 21 – Building workers agitate for the eight-hour day in Melbourne, Australia. April 29 – The iron-hulled paddle steamer concludes a 9-day 16 hour westbound transatlantic crossing, at an average 13.11 knots (24.28 km/h), regaining the Blue Riband for the Cunard Line. May 1 – The province of Isabela is created in the Philippines, in honor of Queen Isabella II of Spain. May 3 – Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom gives Norfolk Island to the population of the colony at Pitcairn Island, most being descendants of the Mutiny on the Bounty. They first settle on Norfolk Island on June 8. Women's suffrage, as practiced on Pitcairn, is extended to Norfolk Island. May 14 – The San Francisco Committee of Vigilance is founded in the United States. It lynches two gangsters, arrests most Democratic Party officials, and disbands itself on August 18. May 20 – David Livingstone arrives at Quelimane on the Indian Ocean, having completed a 2-year transcontinental journey across Africa from Luanda. May 21 – Sacking of Lawrence: Lawrence, Kansas, is captured and burned by pro-slavery forces. May 22 – Caning of Charles Sumner: United States Congressman Preston Brooks of South Carolina beats Senator Charles Sumner with a cane in the hall of the United States Senate for a speech Sumner had made attacking pro-slavery Southerners, especially elderly South Carolina Senator Andrew Butler, a relative of Brooks. Sumner is unable to return to duty for three years while he recovers; Brooks becomes a hero across the South. May 24 – Pottawatomie massacre: A group of followers of radical abolitionist John Brown kill 5 homesteaders in Franklin County, Kansas. June 2 – Battle of Black Jack: Antislavery forces, led by John Brown, defeat proslavery forces in Bleeding Kansas. June 9 – 500 Mormon handcart pioneers leave Iowa City and head west for Salt Lake City, Utah,