BC: Vercingetorix's revolt in Gaul (Battle of Gergovia, Battle of Alesia). 51 BC: Siege of Uxellodunum marks the end of the Gallic Wars and the final Roman conquest of Gaul. Mid 1st century BC – East torana of the Great Stupa at Sanchi, is made. Early Andhra period. According to an inscription, it is sculpted by ivory carvers from the nearby town of Vidisha. 40s BC 49 BC: Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon river and takes the city of Rome, beginning Caesar's Civil War. 48 BC: Ptolemy XIII deposes his co-regent Cleopatra, beginning the Ptolemaic civil war in Egypt 48 BC: Emperor Xuan of Han dies and is succeeded by his son Yuan. Wang Zhengjun is made Empress, as a result of which her clan would eventually topple the Han dynasty. 48 BC: Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at the Battle of Pharsalus. 47 BC: Cleopatra restored to the Ptolemaic throne after the Battle of the Nile (47 BC) 47 BC: Year of six kings in Anuradhapura in Sri Lanka 46 BC: Julius Caesar takes control of Africa at the Battle of Thapsus. 46 BC: China abandons control of Hainan as a cost-cutting measure. 45 BC: Julius Caesar wins the Battle of Munda, regaining control of Hispania and ending the Roman Civil War. 44 BC: Julius Caesar named Dictator perpetuo 44 BC: Julius Caesar re-founds Carthage and Corinth as Roman colonies. 44 BC: Assassination of Julius Caesar on the Ides of March. 43 BC: Octavian, Mark Antony, and Lepidus form the Second Triumvirate and take control of Rome. 42 BC: Second Triumvirate defeats Julius Caesar's assassins at the Battle of Philippi 41-40 BC: Lucius Antonius and Octavian fight the Perusine War 40 BC: Pacorus I conquers Roman Syria. 30s BC 38 BC: Ventidius defeats the Parthians at the Battle of Mount Gindarus, reclaiming Roman Syria. 37 BC: Herod the Great becomes king of Judea. 37 BC: Mark Antony invades Parthia. 37 BC: Goguryeo is founded in southern Manchuria (traditional date according to Samguk Sagi). 36 BC: Battle of Naulochus: Second Triumvirate gains control of Sicily from the rebel Sextus Pompey. 36 BC: Battle of Zhizhi: Gan Yanshou and Chen Tang launch an unauthorised expedition which prevents the Xiongnu from extending their power into Central Asia. 34 BC: Cleopatra and Mark Antony perform the Donations of Alexandria. 33 BC: Emperor Yuan of Han dies and is succeeded by his son Cheng.