Events January–June January – The Netherlands adopts the Gregorian calendar. February – The Spanish seize Brussels. April 24 – Pope Sixtus V succeeds Pope Gregory XIII, as the 227th pope. May 19 – Spain seizes English ships in Spanish ports, precipitating the Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604). June 11 – The magnitude 9.2 1585 Aleutian Islands earthquake unleashes a tsunami in the Pacific Ocean, killing many people in Hawaii and reportedly striking Japan. July–December July 7 – The Treaty of Nemours forces King Henry III of France to capitulate to the demands of the Catholic League, triggering the Eighth War of Religion (also known as the War of the Three Henrys) in France. August 8 – English explorer John Davis enters Cumberland Sound in Baffin Island, in his quest for the Northwest Passage. August 14 – Queen Elizabeth I of England agrees to establish a protectorate over the Netherlands. August 17 Fall of Antwerp: Antwerp is captured by Spanish forces under the Prince of Parma, who orders Protestants to leave the city. As a result, over half of the 100,000 inhabitants flee to the northern provinces. Furthermore, upon hearing of the capture of Antwerp, a relief fleet sent to raise the siege instead blockades the Scheldt River, preventing any and all ships from reaching Antwerp for two centuries. This effectively destroys Antwerp's position as an important trade city and de facto capital of the Dutch provinces. Its position is taken over by various northern cities, most prominently Amsterdam. A first group of colonists sent by Sir Walter Raleigh, under the charge of Ralph Lane, lands in the New World to create Roanoke Colony on Roanoke Island, off the coast of North Carolina. This group will depart the following June. August 20 – The Treaty of Nonsuch is signed, committing England to support the Dutch Revolt, thus entering the Eighty Years' War. November 28 – Anglo-Spanish War: Santiago, Cape Verde is captured by Francis Drake. Date unknown Invasion of Shikoku: Toyotomi Hideyoshi seizes the island of Shikoku from Chōsokabe Motochika. The Kingdom of Luba is founded. History of chocolate in Spain: First recorded commercial importation of chocolate to Europe, from Veracruz in Mexico to Seville in Spain. Births January 5 – Carlo Emanuele Pio di Savoia, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1641) January 6 – Claude Favre de Vaugelas, Savoyard grammarian and man of letters (d. 1650) January 8 – Henriette Catherine de Joyeuse,