– April Revolution: South Korean students hold a nationwide pro-democracy protest against President Syngman Rhee, eventually leading him to resign from office. April 21 – In Brazil, the country's capital (Federal District) is relocated from the city of Rio de Janeiro to the new city, Brasília, in the highlands. The actual city of Rio de Janeiro becomes the State of Guanabara. April 27 – Togo gains independence from France, with the French-administered United Nations Trust Territory being terminated. May May 1 The U-2 incident: Several Soviet surface-to-air missiles shoot down an American Lockheed U-2 spy plane. Its pilot, Francis Gary Powers of the Central Intelligence Agency, is captured. In India, this day is declared as 'Maharashtra Divas', i.e., Maharashtra Day (also celebrated as 'Kaamgaar Divas', i.e., Workers Day). May 3 – The European Free Trade Association (EFTA) is established. May 4 – West German refugee minister Theodor Oberländer is dismissed because of his Nazi past. May 6 – United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs the Civil Rights Act of 1960 into law.. May 10 – The U.S. nuclear-powered submarine , under the command of Captain Edward L. Beach Jr., completes the first underwater circumnavigation of the Earth (codenamed Operation Sandblast). May 11 – In Buenos Aires, four Mossad agents abduct fugitive Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann in order that he can be taken to Israel and put on trial (Eichmann is later convicted and executed). May 13 – A joint Swiss and Austrian expedition makes the first ascent of the Asian mountain Dhaulagiri, the world's 7th highest mountain. May 14 – The Kenyan African National Congress Party is founded in Kenya, when 3 political parties join forces. May 15 – The satellite Sputnik 4 is launched into orbit by the Soviet Union. May 16 Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev demands an apology from President Dwight D. Eisenhower for the U-2 reconnaissance plane flights over the Soviet Union, thus aborting the summit meeting scheduled for Paris in 1960. Theodore Maiman operates the first laser. May 18 – Real Madrid beats Eintracht Frankfurt 7–3 at Hampden Park, Glasgow, and wins the 1959–60 European Cup in Association football. May 22 – The 9.4–9.6 Valdivia earthquake affects Chile with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XII (Extreme). This megathrust earthquake ruptures from Arauco to Chiloé Archipelago, causing the most powerful earthquake on record and a destructive basin-wide tsunami. May 23 – Prime Minister of Israel