of France (he had declared himself king on 8 June 1795, at the death of his nephew, 10-year-old Louis XVII, and had lived in Westphalia, Verona, Russia, and England). July 15 – Napoleonic Wars: Napoleon boards off Rochefort, and surrenders to Captain Frederick Lewis Maitland of the Royal Navy. August August 2 – Napoleonic Wars: Representatives of the United Kingdom, Austria, Russia and Prussia sign a convention at Paris, declaring that Napoleon Bonaparte is "their prisoner" and that "His safe keeping is entrusted to the British Government." August 7 – Napoleonic Wars: Napoleon is transferred to HMS Northumberland, to begin his forced and final second exile, on the remote island of Saint Helena in the South Atlantic Ocean. September September 23 – The Great September Gale of 1815 is the first hurricane to strike New England in 180 years. September 26 – Austria, Prussia and Russia sign a Holy Alliance, to uphold the European status quo. October October – Robert Adams, American sailor and the first Westerner to visit Timbuktu, is found wandering the streets of London, starving and half-naked, leading to the invitation for him to tell his story as a Barbary captive, which is later published as The Narrative of Robert Adams. October 3 – The Chassigny Martian meteorite falls in Chassigny, Haute-Marne, France. October 15 – Napoleonic Wars: Napoleon begins his exile on Saint Helena in the Atlantic Ocean. October 23 - A 6.8 earthquake shakes northern China causing many houses and caves to collapse, killing at least 13,000 people. November November 3 – Sir Humphry Davy announces his invention, the Davy lamp (a coal mining safety lamp), November 5 – The Ionian Islands become a British protectorate, the United States of the Ionian Islands. November 20 – The Napoleonic Wars come to an end after 12 years, with the British government restoring the status quo of France, prior to when the French Revolution began in 1789, after 26 years of turmoil. November 27 – The Constitution of the Kingdom of Poland is signed, creating Congress Poland, a constitutional monarchy in personal union with the Russian Empire, under terms agreed at the Congress of Vienna. December December 7 – Marshal Ney is executed in Paris, near the Jardin du Luxembourg. December 23 – The novel Emma by Jane Austen is first published. December 25 – The Handel and Haydn Society, the oldest continuously performing arts organization in