Empress Wang Zhengjun becomes Empress Dowager and her brother is placed in command of the armed forces and administration. 32 BC: Disagreements between Octavian and Mark Antony cause the outbreak of the Final War of the Roman Republic. 31 BC: Battle of Actium: Octavian defeats troops under Mark Antony and Cleopatra, becoming de facto ruler of the Roman empire. 30 BC: Octavian annexes Egypt. c.30 BC: Satavahana dynasty replaces the Kanva dynasty in Magadha. 20s BC 27 BC: The Roman Senate votes Octavian the title of Augustus. Augustus eventually assumes all authority formerly held by the Roman senate becoming the first emperor. This is traditionally taken as the end of the Roman Republic and the beginning of the Principate (27 BC-AD 235). 25 BC: Galatia annexed by Rome after the death of Amyntas of Galatia. Second half of 1st century BC – Chaitya hall at Karli, India, Maharashtra, is made. Early Andhra period. 10s BC 19 BC: Conclusion of major fighting in the Cantabrian Wars marks the end of the Roman conquest of Hispania 18 BC: Baekje is founded in mid-western Korea (traditional date according to Samguk Sagi). 16-13 BC: Augustus establishes the Rhine limes. Maison Carrée and Pont du Gard built. 0s BC 9 BC: Pannonia annexed to the Roman empire by the future emperor Tiberius 8 BC: Wang Mang becomes head of the Chinese armed forces and administration. 7 BC: Emperor Cheng of Han dies and is succeeded by his nephew Ai. Empress Dowager Wang Zhengjun becomes Grand Empress Dowager and the Emperor's grandmother Consort Fu becomes Empress Dowager. Wang Mang resigns as head of the armed forces and administration. The reign is dominated by the destabilising intrigues of the Wang and Fu clans. c. 6 BC – 4 BC: Birth of Jesus of Nazareth (see Chronology of Jesus' birth and death, Anno Domini, and Common Era for further details). 4 BC: Judea annexed to the Roman province of Syria after the death of King Herod. 2 BC: Emperor Ai of Han appoints his unpopular homosexual lover Dong Xian as head of armed forces and administration. 1 BC: Emperor Ai of Han dies and is succeeded by his eight year old cousin Ping. Wang Mang is appointed regent and begins wide-ranging reforms. Significant people Politics (and relatives of political figures) Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, Roman politician Agrippa, Roman statesman and general Ambiorix, prince of the Eburones, Gallic tribal chief