Cooper, American admiral (d. 1912) August 6 – Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (d. 1900) August 17 – Menelik II, Emperor of Ethiopia (d. 1913) August 20 – Mutsu Munemitsu, Japanese statesman, diplomat (d. 1897) August 22 – George W. De Long, American naval officer, explorer (d. 1881) August 23 – Hamilton Disston, American land developer (d. 1896) August 25 – Ramón Auñón y Villalón, Spanish admiral and politician (d. 1925) August 29 – Edward Carpenter, English socialist poet (d. 1929) August 30 – Emily Ruete, Princess of Zanzibar (d. 1924) September 7 – Charles Romley Alder Wright, British chemist (d. 1894) September 13 – Ludwig von Falkenhausen, German general (d. 1936) September 16 – Claude-Paul Taffanel, French flutist, composer (d. 1908) September 20 – William H. Illingworth, English photographer (d. 1893) September 24 – Max Noether, German mathematician (d. 1921) September 28 – Sir Robert Stout, 2-time prime minister of New Zealand (d. 1930) September 29 – Miguel Ángel Juárez Celman, 10th President of Argentina (d. 1909) October–December October 5 – Francis William Reitz, 5th State President of the Orange Free State (d. 1934) October 11 – Henry J. Heinz, American businessman (d. 1919) October 15 – Friedrich Nietzsche, German philosopher (d. 1900) October 16 – Ismail Qemali, Albanian civil servant, politician, 1st Prime Minister of Albania (d. 1919) October 22 – Louis Riel, Canadian-American leader (d. 1885) October 23 Robert Bridges, English poet (d. 1930) Sarah Bernhardt, French actress (d. 1923) October 24 – Karl Lueger, Austrian politician, Mayor of Vienna (d. 1910) October 27 – Klas Pontus Arnoldson, Swedish writer, pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1916) November 2 – Mehmed V, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1918) November 10 – Henry Eyster Jacobs, American Lutheran theologian (d. 1932) November 11 – Marcelino Crisologo, Filipino politician, playwright, writer and poet (d. 1927) November 13 – Andrew Harper, Scottish-Australian biblical scholar, teacher (d. 1936) November 25 – Karl Benz, German automotive pioneer (d. 1929) December 1 – Alexandra of Denmark, Queen of Edward VII of the United Kingdom (d. 1925) December 8 – Charles-Émile Reynaud, French science teacher, animation pioneer (d. 1918) December 18 – Takashima Tomonosuke, Japanese general (d. 1916) December 29 – Womesh Chundra Bonnerjee, Indian Barrister (d. 1906) Date unknown probable – Abdur Rahman Khan, Emir of Kabul, Emir of Kandahar, Emir of Afghanistan (d. 1901) Deaths January–June January 25 – Jean-Baptiste Drouet, Comte