favour of his eldest son, Qin Zong after a 24-year reign. Hui Zong assumes the honorary title of Taishang Huang (or "Retired Emperor"). Jin–Song War: Jurchen forces reach the Yellow River Valley, two days after New Year. Remnants of the court flee south, including much of the populace, and communities such as the Kaifeng Jews. January 31 – Jurchen forces lay siege to Kaifeng. Qin Zong negotiates the terms of surrender, agreeing an annual indemnity. He orders Song forces to defend the prefectures of the Northern Song. By topic Literature Adelard of Bath, an English philosopher, translates Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī's arithmetic and astronomical works into Latin. Two previously written Chinese pharmaceutical works, one by Shen Kuo and the another Su Shi, are combined in one written work. Religion Olegarius, archbishop of Tarragona, creates a community of knights (known as the "Confraternity of Tarragona"), to combat the Almoravids in Catalonia. Births Abu Madyan, Andalusian mystic and Sufi master (d. 1198) Averroes ibn Rushd, Andalusian judge and physician (d. 1198) Eynion de Tilston, Norman knight and lord of Tilston (approximate date) Fan Chengda, Chinese politician, poet and geographer (d. 1193) Michael the Syrian ("the Great"), Syriac patriarch (d. 1199) Mieszko III the Old, duke of Greater Poland (d. 1202) Muneko, Japanese princess and empress (d. 1189) Peter I of Courtenay, French nobleman (d. 1183) Sibylla of Burgundy, queen of Sicily (d. 1150) Sviatoslav III, Grand Prince of Kiev (d. 1194) Taira no Tokiko, Japanese Buddhist nun (d. 1185) Deaths February 18 – Otto II the Black, Moravian prince (b. 1085) March 8 – Urraca, queen regnant of León and Galicia (b. 1079) July 30 – Cecilia of Normandy (or Cecily), English princess September 1 – Świętosława of Poland, queen of Bohemia October 1 – Morphia of Melitene, queen of Jerusalem (or 1127) December 4 – Omar Khayyam, Persian mathematician (b. 1048) December 13 – Henry IX the Black, duke of Bavaria (b. 1075) December 29 – Wulfhilde of Saxony, duchess of Bavaria (b. 1072) Abu Bakr al-Turtushi, Andalusian political philosopher (b. 1059) Abu Nasr Ahmad ibn Fadl, Seljuk ruler (vizier) of Damascus Ahmad Ghazali, Persian mystic and writer (approximate date) Al-Tutili ("Blind Poet of Tudela"), Andalusian Muwallad poet Bertrand of Comminges, French bishop and saint (b. 1050) Cai Jing, Chinese politician and calligrapher (b. 1047) Edgar the Ætheling, uncrowned king of England (b. 1051) Ekkehard of Aura, German abbot, chronicler and