Khan defeat British and Indian forces, under Brigadier General George Burrows. August 14 – Cologne Cathedral is completed, after construction began in 1248, 632 years earlier. August 24 – The SS Columbia completes her maiden voyage, arriving without incident in Portland, Oregon, after a stopover in San Francisco. August 26 – Competing circus owners P. T. Barnum and James A. Bailey sign a contract in Bridgeport, Connecticut, to create the Barnum & Bailey Circus. In 1907, the circus will merge forces with another competitor, the Ringling Brothers Circus. September 1 – Second Anglo-Afghan War – Battle of Kandahar: General Frederick Roberts, commanding British forces, defeats the Afghan troops of Mohammad Ayub Khan, bringing an end to the war. October–December October 1 – German company Munich Re is founded in Munich. October 6 – The University of Southern California opens its doors to 53 students and 10 faculty. October 15 – A blizzard marks the start of the Hard Winter in North America. October 15 – Mexican soldiers kill Victorio, one of the greatest Apache military strategists. October 28 – The first stone is laid for the Clarkson Memorial in Wisbech, England. November 2 – 1880 United States presidential election: James Garfield defeats Winfield S. Hancock. November 4 – The first cash register is patented by James and John Ritty of Dayton, Ohio. November 9 – A major earthquake strikes Zagreb and destroys many buildings, including Zagreb Cathedral. November 11 – Australian bushranger and bank robber Ned Kelly is hanged in Melbourne. November 22 – Vaudeville actress Lillian Russell makes her debut at Tony Pastor's Theatre, in New York City. December 1 – Manuel González Flores becomes the 31st President of Mexico. December 20 – First Boer War: The Battle of Bronkhorstspruit results in a Boer victory over the British. December 30 – The Transvaal becomes a republic, and Paul Kruger becomes its first president. Date unknown Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza signs a treaty of protection with the chief of the large Teke tribe, and begins to establish a French protectorate on the north bank of the Congo River. Piezoelectricity is discovered by Pierre Curie and Jacques Curie. The Capuchin catacombs of Palermo are officially closed (there will be some burials afterwards). The Department of Scientific Temperance Instruction, of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, is established in the United States. Venn diagrams are developed and published in the Philosophical Magazine and