a substance he calls boracium, which is eventually called boron. This year he also isolates magnesium and strontium. July–September July 5 – Wooster, Ohio, established and named for General Wooster. July 8 – Joseph Bonaparte approves the Bayonne Statute, a royal charter intended as the basis for his rule as King of Spain, during the Peninsular War. July 14 – Finnish War: Swedish troops under Colonel Adlercreutz force the Russians to withdraw in Lapua. July 22 – Battle of Bailén: French General Dupont surrenders to Spanish irregular forces. August 1 – Peninsular War: British expeditionary force lands near Porto. August 10 – Finnish War: Swedish troops under Carl von Döbeln defeat a Russian attack in Kauhajoki. August 17 Peninsular War: Battle of Roliça: A British-Portuguese army under Sir Arthur Wellesley defeats an outnumbered French army under General Henri Delaborde. The Finnish War: the Battle of Alavus was fought. August 21 – Peninsular War: Battle of Vimeiro: British-Portuguese troops under Wellesley defeat the French under General Jean-Andoche Junot. September 13 – Finnish War – Battle of Jutas: Swedish forces under Lieutenant General Georg Carl von Döbeln beat the Russians, making von Döbeln a Swedish war hero. September 27 – The Congress of Erfurt, between the emperors Napoleon I of France and Alexander I of Russia, begins. September 29 – Finnish War: A truce is declared between Swedish and Russian troops in Finland; it ends on October 19. October–December October 6 – English chemist Humphry Davy electrochemically isolates potassium from potash. October 12 – Banco do Brasil, a major Financial group in South America, founded in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. November 8 – 1808 United States presidential election: James Madison defeats Charles C. Pinckney, winning 122 electoral votes to Pinckney's 47. Ten of the 17 states choose their electors by popular vote, the rest choose through state legislatures. George Clinton, who is separately elected as vice president, gets six electoral votes for president. November 12 – Four large French frigates under the command of Jacques Félix Emmanuel Hamelin, including the Venus, are sent to operate from Isle de France (Mauritius) against British trade in the Indian Ocean, triggering the Mauritius campaign of 1809–11. November 15 – Mahmud II (1808–1839) succeeds Mustafa IV (1807–1808), as sultan of the Ottoman Empire. November 19 – A new truce at Olkijoki ends fighting in Finland, and Swedish troops concede that area to Russia. November 23 –