in the Mediterranean. July 21 – Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha is inaugurated as the first King of the Belgians, in Brussels. August 2 – The Dutch Ten Days' Campaign against Belgium is halted by a French army. August 7 – American Baptist minister William Miller preaches his first sermon on the Second Advent of Christ in Dresden, New York, launching the Advent Movement in the United States. August 21 – Nat Turner's slave rebellion in the United States breaks out in Southampton County, Virginia. August 29 – Michael Faraday demonstrates electromagnetic induction at the Royal Society of London. Joseph Henry recognises it at about the same time. September 6–8 – Battle of Warsaw: The Russians take the Polish capital and crush resistance. September 8 – Coronation of King William IV of the United Kingdom (he will reign until 1837). September 22 – The House of Commons of the United Kingdom passes the Great Reform Bill to expand the franchise, but this is later defeated in the House of Lords. September 26–28: The first national presidential nominating convention is held in the United States, by the Anti-Masonic Party in Baltimore, Maryland. October–December October 9 – Ioannis Kapodistrias, Greek head of state and founder of Greek independence, is assassinated in Nafplion. October 21 – The November Uprising ends in the defeat of Polish forces. October 28 – Michael Faraday constructs an early form of dynamo. October 29 – The 1831 Bristol riots ("Queen Square riots") in Bristol (England) begin, in connection with the Great Reform Bill controversy. Quelled by the authorities and the military on October 31, 100 city centre properties are destroyed, at least 120 are estimated to have been killed, 31 of the rioters will be sentenced to death and a colonel facing court-martial for failure to control the riot commits suicide. October 30 – In Southampton County, Virginia, escaped slave Nat Turner is captured and arrested for leading the bloodiest slave rebellion in United States history. November 7 – Slave trading is forbidden in Brazil. November 17 – Ecuador and Venezuela are separated from Gran Colombia. November 22 – First Canut Revolt: After a bloody battle with the military causing 600 casualties, rebellious silk workers seize Lyon, France. December 26 – Global financial services business Assicurazioni Generali is founded in Trieste (at this time in the Austrian Empire) as Imperial Regia Privilegiata Compagnia di Assicurazioni Generali Austro-Italiche. December 27 The