Jews. June 29 – WWII: Hitler's second-in-command, Reichsmarshall Hermann Göring, is appointed as Hitler's successor in a written decree. The decree will come into effect, should Hitler die in the middle of the war. (The decree becomes void in April 1945, after Göring tries to assume power while Hitler is still alive, leading to Göring's expulsion from the Nazi Party.) July July – The British Army's Special Air Service is formed. July 1 Commercial television is authorized by the Federal Communications Commission in the United States. NBC Television begins commercial operation on WNBT, on Channel 1. The world's first legal TV commercial, for Bulova watches, occurs at 2:29 PM over WNBT, before a baseball game between the Brooklyn Dodgers and Philadelphia Phillies. The 10-second spot displays a picture of a clock superimposed on a map of the United States, accompanied by the voice-over "America runs on Bulova time." As a one-off special, the first quiz show called "Uncle Bee" is telecast on WNBT's inaugural broadcast day, followed later the same day by Ralph Edwards hosting the second game show broadcast on U.S. television, Truth or Consequences, as simulcast on radio and TV and sponsored by Ivory Soap. Weekly broadcasts of the show commence in 1956, with Bob Barker. CBS Television begins commercial operation on New York station WCBW (modern-day WCBS-TV), on Channel 2. WWII: German forces capture Riga. Germany and Italy recognize the Japanese-sponsored Chinese reorganized national government under Wang Jingwei as the legitimate government of China. July 2 – WWII: The Empire of Japan calls up 1 million men for military service. July 3 – WWII: Joseph Stalin, in his first address since the German invasion, calls upon the Soviet people to carry out a "scorched earth" policy of resistance to the bitter end. July 4 – Massacre of Lviv professors: Polish scientists and writers are murdered by Nazi German troops in the occupied Polish city of Lwów. July 5 – WWII: Operation Barbarossa: German troops reach the Dnieper River. British troopship is torpedoed and sunk by in the Atlantic Ocean, with the loss of around 250 out of about 1,310 on board. July 5–31: Ecuadorian–Peruvian War is fought. July 7 Uprising in Serbia: The Communist Party of Yugoslavia raises an uprising against the Nazi occupation, beginning when Žikica Jovanović Španac kill two gendarmes in the village of Bela Crkva, WWII: American forces take over the defense of Iceland