Kölliker, Swiss biologist, zoologist (d. 1905) July 12 Alphonse Lecointe, French general and politician (d. 1890) Henry David Thoreau, American philosopher (d. 1862) July 15 – John Fowler, British civil engineer (d. 1898) July 24 – Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (d. 1905) July 29 – Ivan Aivazovsky, Armenian-Russian painter (d. 1900) August 3 – Archduke Albrecht, Duke of Teschen, Austrian general (d. 1895) August 4 – Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen, 29th United States Secretary of State (d. 1885) August 14 – Alexander H. Bailey, American politician (d. 1874) August 24 – Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy, Russian writer (d. 1875) August 25 – Marie-Eugénie de Jésus, French religious (d. 1898) September 6 Helga de la Brache, Swedish con artist (d. 1885) Mihail Kogălniceanu, 3rd Prime Minister of Romania (d. 1891) September 14 – Theodor Storm, German writer (d. 1888) October 10 – Christophorus Buys Ballot, Dutch chemist, meteorologist (d. 1890) October 17 – Sir Syed Ahmad Khan (Bahadaur), Indian founder of the Two Nation Theory for a future Pakistan (d. 1898) October 30 – Hermann Franz Moritz Kopp, German chemist (d. 1892) November 3 – Leonard Jerome, American entrepreneur, grandfather of Sir Winston Churchill (d. 1891) November 12 – Bahá'u'lláh, Persian founder of the Bahá'í Faith (d. 1892) November 17 – Benjamin Champney, American painter (d. 1907) November 30 – Theodor Mommsen, German writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1903) December 8 – Christian Emil Krag-Juel-Vind-Frijs, Prime Minister of Denmark (d. 1896) December 10 – Alexander Wood (physician), Scottish inventor of the first true hypodermic syringe (d. 1884) December 23 – Warren Felt Evans, American writer (d. 1889) Date unknown Sophia Wilkens, Swedish social reformer, pioneer in the education of the intellectually disabled (d. 1889) Deaths January–June January 1 – Martin Heinrich Klaproth, German chemist who discovered uranium (1789), zirconium (1789), and cerium (1803) (b. 1743) January 11 – Timothy Dwight IV, American educator, theologian (b. 1752) January 11 – Margherita Dalmet, Venetian dogaressa (b. 1739) January 12 – Juan Andrés, Spanish Jesuit (b. 1740) January 16 – Alexander J. Dallas, American statesman, financier (b. 1759) February 8 – Francis Horner, Scottish politician, economist (b. 1778) March 8 – Anna Maria Lenngren, Swedish writer (b. 1754) April 2 – Johann Heinrich Jung, German writer (b. 1740) April 4 – André Masséna, French marshal (b. 1758) April 12 – Charles Messier, French astronomer (b. 1730) April 20 – Infante Antonio Pascual of Spain, Spanish