1866 becomes law and legalizes the standardization of weights and measures in the United States. August 23 – The Treaty of Prague ends the Austro-Prussian War. The Duchy of Limburg leaves the German Confederation. September – The Great Tea Race of 1866 ends in London, narrowly won by the clipper ship Taeping. September 22 – Paraguay successfully defends Curupayty against the Triple Alliance in the Paraguayan War, killing more than 5,000 while sustaining just about 50 casualties. October–December October 12 – The Treaty of Vienna ends the war between Austria and Italy; it formalizes the annexation of Venetia by Italy. October 14 – French troops under the command of Rear Admiral Pierre-Gustave Roze land at Ganghwa Island, Korea, as part of a punitive expedition against that kingdom for the execution of French Jesuit priests. It is the first military contact between Korea and a Western force. October 22 – The office of State President of the South African Republic is created by constitutional amendment approved at a session of the Volksraad. November 7 – The Ruse–Varna railway line (the first railway in Bulgaria) officially opens. December 12– Oaks explosion: The worst mining disaster in England kills 383 miners and rescuers. December 18 – The College of Wooster is founded in Ohio. Date unknown Federalist revolts occur in Argentina. Alfred Nobel invents dynamite in Germany. Foundation of the predecessors of Nestlé S.A., the Anglo-Swiss Milk Company and Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé. The Minneapolis Milling Company, predecessor of General Mills, builds its own mills. Marcus Jastrow arrives in the United States to become rabbi of Congregation Rodeph Shalom in Philadelphia. The recommendations of the state Girls' School Committee of 1866 result in a series of progressive reforms in women's rights in Sweden. The Famine of 1866–68 begins in Finland. Erasmus Jacobs discovers the Eureka Diamond near Hopetown on the banks of the Orange River in the Cape of Good Hope. Magirus Kommamditist, as predecessor of a major worldwide commercial vehicles manufacturing brand, Iveco, is founded in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Births January–March January 13 George Gurdjieff, Russian spiritual teacher (d. 1949) Vasily Kalinnikov, Russian composer (d. 1901) January 15 Nathan Söderblom, Swedish archbishop, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1931) Horatio Dresser, American New Thought religious leader and writer (d. 1954) January 16 – Percy Pilcher, English inventor and pioneer aviator (d. 1899) January 19 – Harry Davenport, American actor (d. 1949) January