In some cases, Japanese coinages have subsequently been borrowed back into Chinese, such as (ankō, “monkfish”). The underlying word for jukujikun is a native Japanese word or foreign borrowing, which either does not have an existing kanji spelling (either kun'yomi or ateji) or for which a new kanji spelling is produced. Most often the word is a noun, which may be a simple noun (not a compound or derived from a verb), or may be a verb form or a fusional pronunciation. For example, the word (sumō, “sumo”) is originally from the verb (sumau, “to vie, to compete”), while (kyō, “today”) is fusional (from older ke, “this” + fu, “day”). In rare cases jukujikun is also applied to inflectional words (verbs and adjectives), in which case there is frequently a corresponding Chinese word. The most common example of an inflectional jukujikun is the adjective (kawai-i, “cute”), originally kawafayu-i; the word is used in Chinese, but the corresponding on'yomi is not used in Japanese. By contrast, "appropriate" can be either (fusawa-shii, as jukujikun) or (sōō, as on'yomi). Which reading to use can be discerned by the presence or absence of the -shii ending (okurigana). A common example of a verb with jukujikun is (haya-ru, “to spread, to be in vogue”), corresponding to on'yomi (ryūkō). A sample jukujikun deverbal (noun derived from a verb form) is (yusuri, “extortion”), from (yusu-ru, “to extort”), spelling from (kyōsei, “extortion”). See the 義訓 and 熟字訓 articles in the Japanese Wikipedia for many more examples. Note that there are also compound verbs and, less commonly, compound adjectives, and while these may have multiple kanji without intervening characters, they are read using the usual kun'yomi. Examples include (omo-shiro-i, “interesting”, literally “face + white”) and (zuru-gashiko-i, “sly”, literally “cunning, crafty + clever, smart”). Typographically, the furigana for jukujikun are often written so they are centered across the entire word, or for inflectional words over the entire root—corresponding to the reading being related to the entire word—rather than each part of the word being centered over its corresponding character, as is often done for the usual phono-semantic readings. Broadly speaking, jukujikun can be considered a form of ateji, though in narrow usage "ateji" refers specifically to using characters for sound and not meaning (sound-spelling), whereas "jukujikun" refers to using characters for their meaning and not sound (meaning-spelling). Many jukujikun (established meaning-spellings) began life as gikun (improvised meaning-spellings). Occasionally a single