of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor and Empress of India at Westminster Abbey, London. May 21 A Soviet station becomes the first scientific research settlement to operate on the drift ice of the Arctic Ocean. As one of the reprisals for the attempted assassination of Italian viceroy Rodolfo Graziani, a detachment of Italian troops massacres the entire community of Debre Libanos, killing 297 monks and 23 laymen. May 28 Neville Chamberlain becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, following the retirement of Stanley Baldwin. May 30 Spanish Civil War: Spanish ship Ciudad de Barcelona is torpedoed. Memorial Day massacre of 1937: The Chicago Police Department shoot and kill 10 unarmed demonstrators in Chicago. June June – Picasso completes his painting Guernica. June – July – The Dáil Éireann debates and passes the new draft Constitution of Ireland, which is then submitted for public approval by plebiscite. June 3 – Wallis Simpson marries the Duke of Windsor, the former Edward VIII, in France. June 8 The Dáil Éireann passes the Executive Authority (Consequential Provisions) Act, 1937, which abolishes the office of Governor-General of the Irish Free State, retrospectively dated to December 1936. The first total solar eclipse to exceed 7 minutes of totality, in over 800 years, is visible in the Pacific and Peru. June 21 – The coalition government of Léon Blum resigns in France. July July 1 The Gestapo arrests pastor Martin Niemöller in Germany. In a referendum the people of the Irish Free State accept the new Constitution by 685,105 votes to 527,945. July 2 – Amelia Earhart and navigator Fred Noonan disappear after taking off from New Guinea, during Earhart's attempt to become the first woman to fly around the world. July 7 In the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, Japanese and Chinese forces exchange fire near Beijing, beginning the Second Sino-Japanese War. The Peel Commission proposes partition of the British Mandate of Palestine into separate Arab and Jewish states. July 9 – 1937 Fox vault fire: The silent film archives of Fox Film Corporation are destroyed July 20 – The Geibeltbad Pirna is opened in Dresden, Germany. July 21 – Éamon de Valera is elected President of the Executive Council (prime minister) of the Irish Free State, by the Dáil (parliament). July 22 – New Deal: The United States Senate votes down President Franklin D. Roosevelt's proposal to add more justices to the