the Ottoman Empire sign a treaty in Ouchy near Lausanne, ending the Italo-Turkish War. October 18–October 21 – First Balkan War: The Greek navy captures the island of Lemnos for use as a forward base against the Dardanelles. October 24 – First Balkan War: Battle of Kumanovo – Serbian forces defeat the Ottoman army in Vardar Macedonia. October Edgar Rice Burroughs' character Tarzan first appears in Tarzan of the Apes, in American pulp magazine The All-Story. Sax Rohmer's character Fu Manchu first appears in the first story of The Mystery of Dr. Fu-Manchu in English pulp magazine The Story-Teller. November November 5 – 1912 United States presidential election: New Jersey Governor Woodrow Wilson wins over former president Theodore Roosevelt and incumbent president William Howard Taft. November 11 – William Lawrence Bragg presents his derivation of Bragg's law for the angles for coherent and incoherent scattering from a crystal lattice, creating the field of x-ray crystallography, and making possible the eventual imaging of the double helix of DNA. November 25 – Românul de la Pind, the longest-running newspaper by and about Aromanians until World War II, ceases its publications. November 28 – Albania declares independence from the Ottoman Empire. December December 3 – Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro, and Serbia (the Balkan League) sign an armistice with the Ottoman Empire, temporarily halting the First Balkan War. (The armistice will expire on February 3, 1913, and hostilities will resume.) December 18 – Piltdown Man, thought to be the fossilized skull of a hitherto unknown form of early human, is presented to the Geological Society of London (it is revealed to be a hoax in 1953). December 24 – Merck files patent applications in Germany for synthesis of the entactogenic drug MDMA (Ecstasy), developed by Anton Köllisch. December 30 – The First Balkan War ends temporarily: Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro, and Serbia (the Balkan League countries) sign an armistice with Turkey, ending the two-month-long war. Date unknown Casimir Funk identifies vitamins. Sylhet is reconstituted into the non-regulation Chief Commissioner's Province of Assam (Northeast Frontier Province). The Scoville Unit (used to measure the heat of peppers) is devised and tested by Wilbur Scoville. Wilfrid Voynich discovers the eponymous manuscript in the Villa Mondragone. The Government College of Technology, Rasul is established in the Punjab. Ludwig von Mises publishes his foundational The Theory of Money and Credit in the original German. Articulated trams are invented and first used