1944) Deaths January–June January 9 – Napoleon III, last Emperor of the French (b. 1808) January 18 – Edward Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron Lytton, English novelist (b. 1803) January 20 – Basil Moreau, French founder of the Congregation of Holy Cross (b. 1799) January 23 – Ramalinga Swamigal, Hindu religious leader (b. 1823) January 26 – Empress Amélie, consort of Pedro I of Brazil (b. 1812) February 3 – Isaac Baker Brown, English gynaecologist, surgeon (b. 1811) February 7 – Sheridan Le Fanu, Irish writer (b. 1814) February 18 – Vasil Levski, Bulgarian revolutionary (executed) (b. 1837) February 23 – Jakob von Hartmann, Bavarian general (b. 1795) March 10 – John Torrey, American botanist (b. 1796) March 24 – Mary Ann Cotton, English serial killer (executed) (b. 1832) March 25 – Wilhelm Marstrand, Danish painter (b. 1810) March 29 – Prince Unakan Ananta Norajaya Prince of Siam (b. 1856) March 31 Maria Magdalena Mathsdotter, Swedish Sámi educator (b. 1835) Hugh Maxwell, American lawyer, politician (b. 1787) April 11 Edward Canby, American general (b. 1817) Christopher Hansteen, Norwegian geophysicist (b. 1784) April 18 – Justus von Liebig, German chemist (b. 1803) April 27 – William Charles Macready, English actor (b. 1793) April 29 – Hortense Globensky-Prévost, Canadian heroine (b. 1804) May 1 – David Livingstone, Scottish explorer of Africa (b. 1813) May 5 – Jerónimo Carrión, 8th president of Ecuador (b. 1804) May 6 – José Antonio Páez, first president of Venezuela (b. 1790) May 7 Salmon P. Chase, Chief Justice of the United States (b. 1808) John Stuart Mill, British philosopher (b. 1806) May 15 – Alexandru Ioan Cuza, first ruler of Romania (b. 1820) May 20 – George-Étienne Cartier, Canadian statesman (b. 1814) May 22 – Alessandro Manzoni, Italian poet and novelist (b. 1785) May 29 – Édouard de Verneuil, French palaeontologist (b. 1805) May 30 – Karamat Ali Jaunpuri, Indian Muslim scholar (b. 1800) June 1 – Joseph Howe, Canadian politician (b. 1804) July–December August 18 – Charles II, Duke of Brunswick (b. 1804) September 8 – Johan Gabriel Ståhlberg, Finnish priest and father of K. J. Ståhlberg, the first President of Finland (b. 1832) September 11 – Agustín Fernando Muñoz, Duke of Riánsares, morganatic husband of Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies (b. 1808) September 17 – Alexander Berry, Scottish adventurer, Australian pioneer (b. 1781) September 22 – Friedrich Frey-Herosé, Swiss Federal Councilor (b. 1801) September 23 –