allow some to survive. December 3 – 1820 United States presidential election: James Monroe is re-elected, virtually unopposed. Date unknown The Argentine Confederation (Argentina) formally claims the Falkland Islands, which are without permanent population at this time. Mount Rainier erupts over modern-day Seattle. 18,957 black slaves leave Luanda, Angola. Construction work is completed on the Citadelle Laferrière in Haiti, the largest fortification in the Americas, built on the orders of Henri Christophe to defend the country against potential French reoccupation. Anchor coinage is first struck in silver in London denominated in fractions of the Mauritian dollar for use in British colonies. The 6th edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica'' is published in Scotland Births January–June January 10 – Louisa Lane Drew, actress, prominent theater manager, grandmother of the Barrymores (d. 1897) January 17 – Anne Brontë, English author (d. 1849) January 20 – Alexandre-Émile Béguyer de Chancourtois, French chemist and mineralogist (d. 1886) January 30 – Concepción Arenal, Spanish feminist writer, activist (d. 1893) February 8 – William Tecumseh Sherman, American Civil War general (d. 1891) February 13 – James Geiss, English businessman (d. 1878) February 15 Susan B. Anthony, American suffragist (d. 1906) Arvid Posse, 2nd Prime Minister of Sweden (d. 1901) February 17 – Henri Vieuxtemps, Belgian violinist and composer (d. 1881) February 28 – John Tenniel, English illustrator (d. 1914) March 2 – Eduard Douwes Dekker, Dutch writer (d. 1887) March 3 – Henry D. Cogswell, American temperance movement pioneer who endowed a number of Cogswell fountains (d. 1900) March 4 – Francesco Bentivegna, Italian revolutionary (d. 1856) March 4 – Alexander Worthy Clerk, Jamaican Moravian teacher and missionary (d. 1906) March 9 – Samuel Blatchford, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1893) March 14 – Victor Emmanuel II of Italy (d. 1878) March 17 – Martin Jenkins Crawford, American politician (d. 1883) March 20 – Alexandru Ioan Cuza, Romania's first reigning Domnitor (d. 1873) April 27 – Herbert Spencer, English philosopher (d. 1903) April 26 – Alice Cary, American poet, sister to Phoebe Cary (1824-1871) (d. 1871) May 5 – Elkanah Billings, Canadian paleontologist (d. 1876) May 12 – Florence Nightingale, English nurse (d. 1910) May 23 – Lorenzo Sawyer, 9th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of California (d. 1891) May 25 – François Claude du Barail, French general and Minister of War (d. 1902) May 27 – Mathilde Bonaparte, Italian