an empire. 1440: Reign of Moctezuma I begins as the fifth tlatoani of Tenochtitlan and emperor of the Aztec Empire. 1441: Jan van Eyck, Flemish painter, dies. 1441: Portuguese navigators cruise West Africa and reestablish the European slave trade with a shipment of African slaves sent directly from Africa to Portugal. 1441: A civil war between the Tutul Xiues and Cocom breaks out in the League of Mayapan. As a consequence, the league begins to disintegrate. 1442: Leonardo Bruni defines Middle Ages and Modern times. 1443: Abdur Razzaq visits India. 1443: King Sejong the Great publishes the hangul, the native phonetic alphabet system for the Korean language. 1444: The Albanian league is established in Lezha, Skanderbeg is elected leader. A war begins against the Ottoman Empire. An Albanian state is set up and lasts until 1479. 1444: Ottoman Empire under Sultan Murad II defeats the Polish and Hungarian armies under Władysław III of Poland and János Hunyadi at the Battle of Varna. 1445: The Kazan Khanate defeats the Grand Duchy of Moscow at the Battle of Suzdal. 1446: Mallikarjuna Raya succeeds his father Deva Raya II as monarch of the Vijayanagara Empire. 1447: Wijaya Parakrama Wardhana, succeeds Suhita as ruler of Majapahit. 1449: Saint Srimanta Sankardeva was born. 1449: Esen Tayisi leads an Oirat Mongol invasion of China which culminate in the capture of the Zhengtong Emperor at Battle of Tumu Fortress. 1450s 1450s: Machu Picchu constructed. 1450: Dayang Kalangitan became the Queen regnant of the ancient kingdom of Tondo that started Tondo's political dominance over Luzon. 1451: Bahlul Khan Lodhi ascends the throne of the Delhi sultanate starting the Lodhi dynasty 1451: Rajasawardhana, born Bhre Pamotan, styled Brawijaya II succeeds Wijayaparakramawardhana as ruler of Majapahit. 1453: The Fall of Constantinople marks the end of the Byzantine Empire and the death of the last Roman Emperor Constantine XI and the beginning of the Classical Age of the Ottoman Empire. 1453: The Battle of Castillon is the last engagement of the Hundred Years' War and the first battle in European history where cannons were a major factor in deciding the battle. 1453: Reign of Rajasawardhana ends. 1454–1466: After defeating the Teutonic Knights in the Thirteen Years' War, Poland annexes Royal Prussia. 1455–1485: Wars of the Roses – English civil war between the House of York and the House of Lancaster. 1456: Joan of Arc is posthumously acquitted of heresy by the