States forces under General Andrew Jackson defeat the Creek Indians. March 28 – War of 1812 – Battle of Valparaíso: Two British Royal Navy ships easily defeat and capture USS Essex and a sister ship off the coast of Chile. March 29 – Chilean War of Independence – First Battle of Cancha Rayada: Spanish royalists defeat Chilean rebels. March 30 War of the Sixth Coalition: The Battle of Paris begins. War of 1812 – Battle of Lacolle Mills: British garrison defeats American attack. March 31 War of the Sixth Coalition: Coalition troops occupy Paris. War of the Sixth Coalition – Battle of Courtrai: French forces defeat Saxons and Prussians. April–June April 6 – Napoleonic Wars – Bourbon Restoration: Louis XVIII is invited to occupy the restored French throne. April 10 Napoleonic Wars – Battle of Toulouse: The Duke of Wellington is victorious. War of the Sixth Coalition – Siege of Metz is lifted by the Allies. April 11 – Napoleonic Wars – Treaty of Fontainebleau: The War of the Sixth Coalition ends, and Napoleon is forced to abdicate unconditionally as Emperor of the French. April 12 The Count of Artois arrives in Paris, acting as Lieutenant General of the realm before the arrival of his brother, Louis XVIII of France. The Royal Norwegian Navy is re-established. April 14 – Napoleonic Wars – Battle of Bayonne: The Allies defeat a French sortie from Bayonne. April 18/19 – Genoa surrenders to the British Royal Navy. April 24 – Convention of Mantua: The Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy is returned to provisional Austrian rule. April 28 The Ligurian Republic is revived. War of 1812 – Capture of HMS Epervier by the USS Peacock. May 2 – Napoleonic Wars – Declaration of Saint-Ouen: Louis XVIII of France declares his support for representative government while claiming unlimited monarchical sovereignty. May 3 The Duke of Provence, the future Louis XVIII of France, returns to Paris. Treaty of Lircay signed between Royalists and Patriots during the Chilean War of Independence. May 4 Ferdinand VII of Spain abolishes the Spanish Constitution of 1812, returning the country to absolute monarchy. War of the Sixth Coalition – Siege of Antwerp ends in a French capitulation. War of the Sixth Coalition – Siege of Mainz ends as the French leave the fortress. May 6 – War of 1812 – Battle of Fort Oswego: British forces attack Fort Ontario at Oswego, New York.