in 1049. The St Michael at the Northgate, Oxford's oldest building, is built in Saxon England in 1040. Oxford Castle in England is built in 1071. The Florence Baptistry in Florence, Italy is founded in 1059. The Kandariya Mahadeva temple in India is built in 1050. St Mark's Basilica in Venice, Italy is rebuilt in 1063. Canterbury Cathedral in Canterbury, England is completed by 1077. Construction begins on the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela in Spain in 1075. Inventions, discoveries, introductions Science and technology Early 11th century – Fan Kuan paints Travelers among Mountains and Streams. Northern Song dynasty. It is now kept at National Palace Museum, Taipei, Taiwan (Republic of China). c. 1000 – Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (Abulcasis) of al-Andalus publishes his influential 30-volume Arabic medical encyclopedia, the Al-Tasrif c. 1000 – Ibn Yunus of Egypt publishes his astronomical treatise Al-Zij al-Hakimi al-Kabir. c. 1000 – Abu Sahl al-Quhi (Kuhi) c. 1000 – Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi c. 1000 – Law of sines is discovered by Muslim mathematicians, but it is uncertain who discovers it first between Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi, Abu Nasr Mansur, and Abu al-Wafa. c. 1000 – Ammar ibn Ali al-Mawsili 1000–1048 – Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī of Persia writes more than a hundred books on many different topics. 1001–1100 – the demands of the Chinese iron industry for charcoal led to a huge amount of deforestation, which was curbed when the Chinese discovered how to use bituminous coal in smelting cast iron and steel, thus sparing thousands of acres of prime timberland. 1003 – Pope Sylvester II, born Gerbert d'Aurillac, dies; however, his teaching continued to influence those of the 11th century; his works included a book on arithmetic, a study of the Hindu–Arabic numeral system, a hydraulic-powered organ, the reintroduction of the abacus to Europe, and a possible treatise on the astrolabe that was edited by Hermann of Reichenau five decades later. The contemporary monk Richer from Rheims described Gerbert's contributions in reintroducing the armillary sphere that was lost to European science after the Greco-Roman era; from Richer's description, Gerbert's placement of the tropics was nearly exact and his placement of the equator was exact. He reintroduced the liberal arts education system of trivium and quadrivium, which he had borrowed from the educational institution of Islamic Córdoba. Gerbert also studied and taught Islamic medicine. 1013 – One of the Four Great Books of Song, the Prime Tortoise of the