Events January–June January 6–20 – An English attempt led by Francis Drake to cross the Isthmus of Panama ends in defeat. January 28 – Francis Drake dies of dysentery off Portobelo. February 14 – Archbishop John Whitgift begins building his hospital at Croydon. April 9 – Siege of Calais: Spanish troops capture Calais. May 18 – Willem Barents leaves Vlie, on his third and final Arctic voyage. June – Sir John Norreys and Sir Geoffrey Fenton travel to Connaught, to parley with the local Irish lords. June 10 – Willem Barents and Jacob van Heemskerk discover Bear Island. June 17 – Willem Barents discovers Spitsbergen. June 24 – Cornelis de Houtman arrives in Banten, the first Dutch sailor to reach Indonesia.. July–December July 5 – Capture of Cádiz: An English fleet, commanded by Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, and Lord Howard of Effingham, sacks Cádiz. July 14 – King Dominicus Corea (Edirille Bandara) is beheaded by the Portuguese in Colombo, Ceylon. August – David Fabricius discovers the star Mira. September 20 – Diego de Montemayor founds the city of Monterrey, Mexico. October 8–10 – The Union of Brest: The Ukrainian Church west of the Dnieper becomes known as the Ukrainian Rite of Catholicism, whereas the East officially renounces the authority of the Pope. October 18 – The Second Armada, a Spanish fleet sent to attack England in revenge for the raid on Cadiz, is wrecked in storms off Cape Finisterre; nearly 5,000 men and 44 ships are lost including five galleons October 19 – The Spanish galleon San Felipe founders in Japan, leading to 26 Christians being martyred the next year. October 24–26 – Battle of Keresztes: The Turks defeat a combined Habsburg–Transylvanian army. November 25 – The Cudgel War begins in Finland (at the time part of Sweden), when poor peasants rise up against the troops, nobles and cavalry who have taxed them. Date unknown Elizabeth I of England decrees that all Africans should be removed from the British realm, in reaction to the food crisis. The first water closet, by Sir John Harington, is installed in a manor near Kelston in England. King Sigismund III Vasa moves the capital of Poland from Kraków to Warsaw. Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, is founded. The Black Death hits parts of Europe. Dutch ships, commanded by Frederick de Houtman, reach Sumatra and Java for the first time. The fourth of a