sur l'inégalité des races humaines). Charles Pravaz and Alexander Wood independently invent a practical hypodermic syringe. Wheaton Academy is founded in West Chicago, Illinois. The Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China is incorporated in London by Scotsman James Wilson, under a Royal Charter from Queen Victoria. Ishikawajima Shipyard, as predecessor of IHI Corporation, a shipyard and transport-related machinery manufacturer in Japan, is founded. Melbourne Cricket Ground, now the largest sports stadium in the Southern Hemisphere, officially opens. 1853–1873 – More than 130,000 Chinese laborers come to Cuba. Births January–June January 1 – Karl von Einem, German general (d. 1934) January 16 Johnston Forbes-Robertson, English actor (d. 1937) Sir Ian Hamilton, British general (d. 1947) January 28 José Martí, Cuban revolutionary (d. 1895) Vladimir Solovyov, Russian philosopher (d. 1900) January 29 – Kitasato Shibasaburō, Japanese physician, bacteriologist (d. 1931) February 4 – Kaneko Kentarō, Japanese politician, diplomat (d. 1942) February 18 – Ernest Fenollosa, Catalan-American philosopher (d. 1908) February 22 – Annie Le Porte Diggs, Canadian-born state librarian of Kansas (d. 1916) March 2 – Ella Loraine Dorsey, American author, journalist, and translator (d. 1935) March 5 – Howard Pyle, American artist, fiction writer (d. 1911) March 10 – Thomas Mackenzie, 18th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1930) March 13 – Robert William Felkin, British writer (d. 1926) March 14 – Ferdinand Hodler, Swiss painter (d. 1918) March 25 – Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar, 5th Qajarid Shah of Persia (d. 1907) March 27 – Yakov Zhilinsky, Russian general (d. 1918) March 29 – Elihu Thomson, English-American engineer, inventor, co-founder of General Electric (d. 1937) March 30 – Vincent van Gogh, Dutch painter (d. 1890) April 6 – Emil Jellinek, German automobile entrepreneur (d. 1918) April 7 Ella Eaton Kellogg, American pioneer in dietetics (d. 1920) Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany (d. 1884) April 22 – Alphonse Bertillon, French police officer, forensic scientist (d. 1914) April 30 – Alexey Abaza, Russian admiral and politician (d. 1917) May 4 – Marie Robinson Wright, American travel writer (d. 1914) May 20 Ella Hoag Brockway Avann, American educator (d. 1899) Vladimir Viktorovich Sakharov, Russian general (d. 1920) May 28 – Carl Larsson, Swedish painter (d. 1919) June 3 – William Flinders Petrie, English Egyptologist (d. 1942) June 12 – Chester Adgate Congdon, American mining magnate (d. 1916) July–December July 4 – Ernst Otto Beckmann, German chemist (d. 1923) July 5 – Cecil Rhodes,