of Takrur in the 1280s. 1239–1250: Third conflict between the Holy Roman Empire and the Papacy. 1237–1240: Mongol Empire conquers Kievan Rus. 1238: Sukhothai becomes the first capital of Sukhothai Kingdom. 1240s 1240: Russians defeat the Swedish army at the Battle of the Neva. 1241: Mongol Empire defeats Hungary at the Battle of Mohi and defeats Poland at the Battle of Legnica. Hungary and Poland ravaged. 1242: Russians defeat the Teutonic Knights at the Battle of Lake Peipus. 1243–1250: Second Holy Roman Empire–Papacy War. 1244: Ayyubids and Khwarezmians defeat the Crusaders and their Arab allies at the Battle of La Forbie. 1249: End of the Portuguese Reconquista against the Moors, when King Afonso III of Portugal reconquers the Algarve. 1248–1254: Seventh Crusade captures Egyptian Ayyubid port city of Damietta, crusaders ultimately withdraw, after the capture of French king Louis IX. Mamelukes overthrow Ayyubid Dynasty. 1250s By 1250, Pensacola culture, through trade, begins influencing Coastal Coles Creek culture. 1250: The Mamluk dynasty is founded in Egypt. 1257: Baab Mashur Malamo established the Sultanate of Ternate in Maluku. 1258: Baghdad captured and destroyed by the Mongols, effective conclusion of the Abbasid Caliphate in Baghdad. 1258: Pandayan Emperor Jatavarman Sundara I invades Eastern India and northern Sri Lanka. 1259: Treaty of Paris is signed between Louis IX and Henry III 1260s 1260: Toluid Civil War begins between Kublai Khan and Ariq Böke for the title of Great Khan. 1261: Byzantines under Michael VIII retake Constantinople from the Crusaders and Venice. 1262: Iceland brought under Norwegian rule, with the Old Covenant. 1265: Dominican theologian Thomas Aquinas begins to write his Summa Theologiae. 1268: Fall of the Crusader State of Antioch to the Mamelukes. 1270s 1270: Goryeo dynasty swears allegiance to the Yuan dynasty. 1270: The Zagwe dynasty is displaced by the Solomonic dynasty. 1271: Edward I of England and Charles of Anjou arrive in Acre, starting the Ninth Crusade against Baibars. 1272–1274: Second Council of Lyon attempts to unite the churches of the Eastern Roman Empire with the Church of Rome. 1274: The Mongols launch their first invasion of Japan, but they are repelled by the Samurai and the Kamikaze winds. 1274: The Tepanec give the Mexica permission to settle at the islet Cauhmixtitlan (Eagle's Place Between the Clouds) 1275: Sant Dnyaneshwar who wrote Dnyaneshwari (a commentary on the Bhagavad Gita) and Amrutanubhav was born. 1275: King Kertanegara of Singhasari launched Pamalayu expedition against