Tax Act establishes the first peacetime income tax in the United Kingdom; 7 pence in the pound, for incomes over 150 pounds. May 19 – Dorr Rebellion: Militiamen supporting Thomas Wilson Dorr attack the arsenal in Providence, Rhode Island, but are repulsed. June 4 – In South Africa, hunter Dick King rides into a British military base in Grahamstown, to warn that the Boers have besieged Durban (he had left 11 days earlier). The British army dispatches a relief force. June 13 – Queen Victoria becomes the first reigning British monarch to travel by train, on the Great Western Railway between Slough and London Paddington station. June 18 – A primary school system is established in Sweden. June – James Nasmyth patents the steam hammer in the United Kingdom. July–September July 8 – A total solar eclipse occurs in Asia. July 13 – The Tri-Kap fraternity is founded at Dartmouth College (the oldest local fraternity in the United States). August 4 – The Armed Occupation Act is signed, providing for the armed occupation and settlement of the unsettled part, of the Peninsula of East Florida. August 9 – The Webster–Ashburton Treaty is signed, establishing the United States–Canada border east of the Rocky Mountains. August 10 – The Mines Act 1842 becomes law, prohibiting underground work for all women and boys under 10 years old in the United Kingdom. August 14 – American Indian Wars: United States general William J. Worth declares the Second Seminole War to be over. August 29 – The Treaty of Nanking, an unequal treaty between Britain and Qing dynasty China, ends the First Opium War, and establishes Hong Kong as a British colony until 1997. September – Wesleyan University is established in Ohio. September 16–17 – The Treaty of Chushul ends the Sino-Sikh War. October–December October 5 – Josef Groll brews the first pilsner beer in the city of Pilsen, Bohemia (now the Czech Republic). October 29 – The Iberian Peninsula is struck by a category 2 hurricane. November 10 & 19 – London debtor's prisons the Fleet Prison and Marshalsea are closed and inmates transferred to Queen's Bench Prison. Pentonville Prison for criminals is completed in north London this year. November 26 – The University of Notre Dame in Notre Dame, Indiana (United States) is established by Father Edward Sorin, of the Roman Catholic Congregation of Holy Cross. December 7 – The New York Philharmonic,