During the California Gold Rush, cholera was transmitted along the California, Mormon and Oregon Trails as 6,000 to 12,000 are believed to have died on their way to Utah and Oregon in the cholera years of 1849–1855. It is believed cholera claimed more than 150,000 victims in the United States during the two pandemics between 1832 and 1849, and also claimed 200,000 victims in Mexico. Establishments Publications September 1843 –The Economist newspaper is first published in London. 1843 – The Friend, a Quaker weekly, is first published in London. August 28, 1845 – The journal Scientific American begins publication. Institutions Asia July 18, 1841 – The sixth bishop of Calcutta, Daniel Wilson, and Dr. James Taylor, Civil Surgeon at Dhaka, establish the first modern educational institution in the Indian subcontinent, Dhaka College. Australia October 1, 1846 – Christ College, Tasmania, opens with the hope that it would develop along the lines of an Oxbridge college and provide the basis for university education in Tasmania. By the 21st century it will be the oldest tertiary institution in Australia. Europe April 15, 1840 – King's College Hospital opens in London. August 15, 1843 – Tivoli Gardens, one of the oldest still intact amusement parks in the world, opens in Copenhagen, Denmark. June 6, 1844 – George Williams founds the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) in London. December 21, 1844 – The Rochdale Pioneers commence business at their cooperative in Rochdale, England. April 5, 1847 – The world's first municipally-funded civic public park, Birkenhead Park in Birkenhead on Merseyside in England, is opened. October 12, 1847 – German inventor and industrialist Werner von Siemens founds Siemens AG & Halske. February 2, 1848 – John Henry Newman founds the first Oratory in the English-speaking world when he establishes the Birmingham Oratory at 'Maryvale', Old Oscott, England. Africa 1845 – Eugénie Luce founds the Luce Ben Aben School in Algiers. North America 1843 – Saint Louis University School of Law becomes the first law school west of the Mississippi River. January 15, 1844 – The University of Notre Dame receives its charter from Indiana. February 1, 1845 – Anson Jones, President of the Republic of Texas, signs the charter officially creating Baylor University. Baylor is the oldest university in the State of Texas operating under its original name. October 10, 1845 – In Annapolis, Maryland, the Naval School (later renamed the United States Naval Academy)