of St. Louis is signed in St. Louis, Missouri. November 6, 1816 – James Monroe defeats Rufus King in the U.S. presidential election. December 11, 1816 – Indiana is admitted as the 19th U.S. state. 1816: The Second Bank of the United States obtains its charter. The Era of Good Feelings (1816–1823/1824) in the U.S. March 3 President James Madison vetoes John C. Calhoun's Bonus Bill. U.S. Congress passes law to split the Mississippi Territory, after Mississippi drafts a constitution, creating the Alabama Territory effective in August. March 4, 1817 – James Monroe succeeds James Madison as President of the United States of America. April 29, 1817 – The Rush–Bagot Treaty is signed. August 15, 1817 – By act of the U.S. Congress (March 3), the Alabama Territory is created by splitting the Mississippi Territory in half, on the day the Mississippi constitution is drafted, 4 months before Mississippi becomes a U.S. state. November 20, 1817 – The First Seminole War begins in Florida. December 10, 1817 – Mississippi is admitted as the 20th U.S. state, formerly the Mississippi Territory. April 4, 1818 – The U.S. Congress adopts the flag of the United States as having 13 red and white stripes and one star for each state (20 stars) with additional stars to be added whenever a new state is added to the Union. August 1, 1818 – Separate Topographical Bureau of the War Department. October 20, 1818 – The Treaty of 1818 between the United States and the United Kingdom establishes the northern boundary as the 49th parallel from the Lake of the Woods to the Rocky Mountains, also creating the Northwest Angle. December 3, 1818 – Illinois is admitted as the 21st U.S. state. February 2, 1819 – The Supreme Court under John Marshall rules in favor of Dartmouth College in the famous Dartmouth College v. Woodward case, allowing Dartmouth to keep its charter and remain a private institution. March 6, 1819 – McCulloch v. Maryland: The U.S. Supreme Court rules that the Bank of the United States is constitutional. 1819: The ʻAi Noa movement takes power in Hawaii. The city of Fernandina of Jagua (later Cienfuegos City) is founded in Cuba. December 14, 1819 – Alabama is admitted as the 22nd U.S. state. South America 1814: Guyana is transferred from the Netherlands to Britain; it is renamed British Guiana. August 22, 1817 – The city of Araraquara,