first elected Prime Minister of Pakistan. July 9 – The Pinochet dictatorship in Chile organises the youth event of Acto de Chacarillas, a ritualised act reminiscent of Francoist Spain. July 10 – A temperature of , a record for continental Europe, is recorded in Greece. July 13 Somalia declares war on Ethiopia, starting the Ethio-Somali War. New York City is affected by a complete electricity blackout lasting through the following day that results in citywide looting and other criminal activity, including arson. July 21 – 24 – The Libyan–Egyptian War, sparked by a Libyan raid on Sallum, begins. July 21 – Süleyman Demirel, of AP forms the new government of Turkey (41st government a three-party coalition, so-called second national front ()). July 22 – The purged Chinese Communist leader Deng Xiaoping is restored to power nine months after the "Gang of Four" was expelled from power in a coup d'état. July 27 – The Soviet Politburo orders Boris Yeltsin to demolish the Ipatiev House, where Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and his family were shot in 1918. Yeltsin eventually calls this a barbarian act. July 30 – Left-wing German terrorists Susanne Albrecht, Brigitte Mohnhaupt and Christian Klar assassinate Jürgen Ponto, chairman of the Dresdner Bank in Oberursel, West Germany. August August 3 United States Senate hearings on Project MKUltra are held. The Tandy Corporation TRS-80 Model I computer is announced at a press conference. August 4 – U.S. President Jimmy Carter signs legislation creating the United States Department of Energy. August 9 – The military-controlled government of Uruguay announces that it will return the nation to civilian rule through general elections in 1981 for a President and Congress. August 12 – The NASA Space Shuttle, named Enterprise, makes its first test free-flight from the back of a Boeing 747 Shuttle Carrier Aircraft. August 15 The Big Ear, a radio telescope operated by Ohio State University as part of the SETI project, receives a radio signal from deep space; the event is named the Wow! signal for a notation made by a volunteer on the project. Herbert Kappler escapes from the Caelian Hill military hospital in Rome. August 17 – The Soviet icebreaker Arktika becomes the first surface ship to reach the North Pole. August 20 – Voyager program: The United States launches the Voyager 2 spacecraft. August 26 – The National Assembly of Quebec passes the Charter of the French