the Austrians at Arcole. After a bold maneuver, he outflanks the Austrian army (24,000 men) under Freiherr József Alvinczi, and cuts off its line of retreat. Alvinczi is forced to take up a defensive position behind the Brenta River. December – The British government begins work on a 40-acre (162,000 m²) site at Norman Cross, for the world's first purpose-built prisoner-of-war camp. December 7 – The U.S. Electoral College meets to elect John Adams president of the United States. December 18 – British Royal Navy ship HMS Courageux is wrecked on the Barbary Coast with the loss of 464 of the 593 onboard. Date unknown The Spanish government lifts the restrictions against neutrals trading with the colonies, thus acknowledging Spain's inability to supply the colonies with needed goods and markets. Robert Burns's version of the Scots poem Auld Lang Syne is first published, in this year's volume of The Scots Musical Museum. Annual British iron production reaches 125,000 tons. Rizla rolling papers established. Shinyukan School, predecessor of Keio Gijyuku University, founded in Nakatsu, Kyushu Island, Japan. Births January 7 – Princess Charlotte Augusta of Wales, daughter and only child of future King George IV (d. 1817) January 23 – Karl Ernst Claus, Baltic-German chemist, naturalist (d. 1864) January 25 – William MacGillivray, Scottish naturalist, ornithologist (d. 1852) February 17 Frederick William Beechey, English naval officer, geographer (d. 1856) Philipp Franz von Siebold, German physician, botanist and explorer (d. 1866) February 22 – Adolphe Quetelet, Belgian mathematician (d. 1874) March 18 – Jakob Steiner, Swiss mathematician (d. 1863) April 30 – Adolphe Crémieux, French-Jewish politician, abolitionist (d. 1880) May 1 – Junius Brutus Booth, English stage actor, father of Edwin Booth and John Wilkes Booth (d. 1852) May 2 – Colm de Bhailís, Irish poet and songwriter (d. 1906) May 4 – Horace Mann, American educator, abolitionist (d. 1859) May 7 – Frances Catherine Barnard, English author (d. 1869) June 1 – Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot, French military engineer and physicist; father of thermodynamics (d. 1832) June 12 – George Bush (biblical scholar), American professor of Asian languages (d. 1859) June 14 – Nikolai Brashman, Russian mathematician of Czech origin (d. 1866) June 28 – Caroline Amalie of Augustenburg, queen consort of Denmark (d. 1881) July 6 – Emperor Nicholas I of Russia, Russian officer (d. 1855) July 15 – Gustav Seyffarth, German-American Egyptologist (d. 1885) July 16 – Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot,