ajari = to teach (imperative, locative) ajarilah = to teach (jussive, locative) ajarkan = to teach (imperative, causative/applicative) ajarkanlah = to teach (jussive, causative/applicative) ajarlah = to teach (jussive, active) ajaran = teachings belajar = to learn (intransitive, active) diajar = to be taught (intransitive, active) diajari = to be taught (transitive, locative) diajarkan = to be taught (transitive, causative/applicative) dipelajari = to be studied (locative) dipelajarkan = to be studied (causative/applicative) mempelajari = to study (locative) mempelajarkan = to study (causative/applicative) mengajar = to teach (intransitive, active) mengajarkan = to teach (transitive, casuative/applicative) mengajari = to teach (transitive, locative) pelajar = student pelajari = to study (imperative, locative) pelajarilah = to study (jussive, locative) pelajarkan = to study (imperative, causative/applicative) pelajarkanlah = to study (jussive, causative/applicative) pengajar = teacher, someone who teaches pelajaran = subject, education pelajari = to study (jussive, locative) pelajarkan = to study (jussive, causative/applicative) pengajaran = lesson pembelajaran = learning terajar = to be taught (accidentally) terajari = to be taught (accidentally, locative) terajarkan = to be taught (accidentally, causative/applicative) terpelajar = well-educated, literally "been taught" terpelajari = been taught (locative) terpelajarkan = been taught (causative/applicative) berpelajaran = is educated, literally "has education" Noun affixes Noun affixes are affixes that form nouns upon addition to root words. The following are examples of noun affixes: The prefix per- drops its r before r, l and frequently before p, t, k. In some words it is peng-; though formally distinct, these are treated as variants of the same prefix in Indonesian grammar books. Verb affixes Similarly, verb affixes in Indonesian are attached to root words to form verbs. In Indonesian, there are: Adjective affixes Adjective affixes are attached to root words to form adjectives: In addition to these affixes, Indonesian also has a lot of borrowed affixes from other languages such as Sanskrit, Arabic and English. For example, maha-, pasca-, eka-, bi-, anti-, pro- etc. Nouns Common derivational affixes for nouns are peng-/per-/juru- (actor, instrument, or someone characterized by the root), -an (collectivity, similarity, object, place, instrument), ke-...-an (abstractions and qualities, collectivities), per-/peng-...-an (abstraction, place, goal or result). Gender Indonesian does not make use of grammatical gender, and there are only selected words that use natural gender. For instance, the same word is used for he/him and she/her ( or ) or for his and her (, or ). No real distinction is made between "girlfriend" and