Suleiman the Magnificent begins the siege of Belgrade. June 29 or 30 – The oldest surviving dateable document written primarily in the Romanian language: Neacșu's letter, written by a trader from Câmpulung, to Johannes Benkner, the mayor of Brașov, warning that the Ottoman Empire is preparing its troops to cross into Wallachia and Transylvania; the script used is Romanian Cyrillic. June 30 – Battle of Esquiroz: French forces under Henri d'Albret, exiled King of Navarre, are defeated by the Spanish, and forced to abandon their attempt to recover Henri's kingdom. July–December July – Pfaffensturm: Students rebel against priests in Erfurt. July 15 — San Juan Bautista is founded as the new capital of the archipelago of Puerto Rico. August 13 – Fall of Tenochtitlan: Cuauhtémoc surrenders to Cortés, thus incorporating the Aztec Empire into the Spanish Empire and ending the Late Postclassic period in Mesoamerica. August 29 – Belgrade is captured by the Ottoman army of Suleiman the Magnificent. October 25 – Revolt of the Comuneros is crushed. November 23 – Spanish–German–Papal forces under Prospero Colonna force French Marshal Odet de Lautrec to abandon Milan. December 27 – The Zwickau prophets arrive in Wittenberg, disturbing the peace and preaching the Apocalypse. Date unknown Jacopo Berengario da Carpi publishes Commentaria cum amplissimus additionibus super anatomiam Mundini in Bologna, including observation of the vermiform appendix. The Grand Duchy of Ryazan is annexed by the Grand Duchy of Moscow. Births March 21 – Maurice, Elector of Saxony (d. 1553) April 5 – Francesco Laparelli, Italian architect (d. 1570) April 14 – Johann Marbach, German theologian (d. 1581) April 18 – François de Coligny d'Andelot, French general (d. 1569) May 8 – Petrus Canisius, Dutch Jesuit (d. 1597) May 10 – John Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Coburg, (d. 1553) June 18 – Maria of Portugal, Duchess of Viseu, daughter of King Manuel I (d. 1577) June 21 – John II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Haderslev (d. 1580) August 4 – Pope Urban VII (d. 1590) August 19 – Lodovico Guicciardini, Italian historian (d. 1589) October 1 – Frederick Magnus I, Count of Solms-Laubach, (d. 1561) November 22 – Edmund Sheffield, 1st Baron Sheffield, English baron (d. 1549) November 29 – Marcantonio Maffei, Italian Catholic archbishop and cardinal (d. 1583) December 1 – Takeda Shingen, Japanese warlord (d. 1573) December 13 – Pope Sixtus V (d. 1590) date unknown Anne Askew, English Protestant martyr (d. 1546) John Aylmer,