independence of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau from the Estado Novo regime in Portugal. It is later granted in September 1974. October October 6 Yom Kippur War begins: The fourth and largest Arab–Israeli conflict begins, as Egyptian and Syrian forces attack Israeli forces in the Sinai Peninsula and Golan Heights on Yom Kippur. October 14 – Thai popular uprising Students revolt in Bangkok – In the Thammasat student uprising over 100,000 people protest in Thailand against the Thanom military government, 77 are killed and 857 are injured by soldiers. October 15 – Typhoon Ruth crosses Luzon, Philippines, killing 27 people and causing $5 million in damage. October 17 – An OPEC oil embargo against several countries supporting Israel triggers the 1973 energy crisis. October 20 The Saturday Night Massacre: U.S. President Richard Nixon orders Attorney General Elliot Richardson to dismiss Watergate Special Prosecutor Archibald Cox. Richardson refuses and resigns, along with Deputy Attorney General William Ruckelshaus. Solicitor General Robert Bork, third in line at the Department of Justice, then fires Cox. The event prompts calls for Nixon's impeachment. The Sydney Opera House in Australia is opened by Queen Elizabeth II after 14 years of construction work. October 25 – The Yom Kippur War ends. October 26 – The United Nations recognizes the independence of Guinea-Bissau. October 30 – The Bosphorus Bridge in Istanbul, Turkey, is completed, connecting the continents of Europe and Asia over the Bosphorus Strait for the first time in history. November November 3 Pan Am cargo flight 160, a Boeing 707-321C, crashes at Logan International Airport, Boston, killing three people. Mariner program: NASA launches Mariner 10 toward Mercury (on March 29, 1974, it becomes the first space probe to reach that planet). November 7 – The Congress of the United States overrides President Richard Nixon's veto of the War Powers Resolution, which limits presidential power to wage war without congressional approval. November 8 – Millennium '73, a festival hosted by Guru Maharaj Ji at the Astrodome, is called by supporters the "most significant event in human history". November 11 – Egypt and Israel sign a United States-sponsored cease-fire accord. November 16 Skylab program: NASA launches Skylab 4 (Gerald Carr, William Pogue, Edward Gibson) from Cape Canaveral, Florida, on an 84-day mission. U.S. President Richard Nixon signs the Trans-Alaska Pipeline Authorization Act into law, authorizing the construction of the Alaska Pipeline. November 17 – The Athens Polytechnic uprising occurs