Livonian War, between the Livonian Confederation and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. With the treaty, the non-Danish and non-Swedish part of Livonia, with the exception of the Free imperial city of Riga, subjects itself to Polish king and Grand Duke of Lithuania, Sigismund II Augustus with the Pacta subiectionis (Provisio ducalis). In turn, Sigismund grants protection from the Tsardom of Russia, and confirms the Livonian estates' traditional privileges, laid out in the Privilegium Sigismundi Augusti. Date unknown Merchant Taylors' School is founded in the City of London by Sir Thomas White, Sir Richard Hilles, Emanuel Lucar, and Stephen Hales. The first Calvinists settle in England, after fleeing Flanders. The Anglo-Genevan metrical psalter is published, including the Old 100th, the version of the hymn All People That on Earth Do Dwell made from Psalm 100, attributed to the probably-Scottish clergyman and biblical translator William Kethe, exiled in Geneva. Ruy López de Segura develops modern techniques of chess playing in Spain. William Baldwin's Beware the Cat (written early 1553), an early example of extended fiction (specifically horror fiction) in English, is published anonymously in London. This edition appears to have been suppressed, and no copies survive. Between 1561 and 1670, 3,229 alleged witches are executed in southwestern Germany, most by burning. Births January 1 – Thomas Walsingham, English literary patron (d. 1630) January 6 – Thomas Fincke, Danish mathematician and physicist (d. 1656) January 22 – Sir Francis Bacon, English philosopher, scientist, and statesman (d. 1626) January 24 – Camillo Cortellini, Italian composer (d. 1630) February 1 – Henry Briggs, British mathematician (d. 1630) February 8 – Fujiwara Seika, Japanese philosopher (d. 1619) February 15 – Johannetta of Sayn-Wittgenstein, German noblewoman (d. 1622) February 25 – Edward Talbot, 8th Earl of Shrewsbury, English politician and earl (d. 1617) March 9 – Archduke Wenceslaus of Austria, Archduke of Austria (d. 1578) March 29 – Santorio Santorio, Italian biologist (d. 1636) April 8 Thiri Thudhamma Yaza of Martaban, Viceroy of Martaban (d. 1584) Dominicus Baudius, Dutch historian and poet (d. 1613) June – Samuel Harsnett, Archbishop of York (d. 1631) June 7 – John VII, Count of Nassau-Siegen (d. 1623) June 12 – Anna of Württemberg, German princess (d. 1616) June 13 – Anna Maria of Anhalt, German noblewoman (d. 1605) June 20 (bapt.) – Richard Whitbourne, English colonist of Newfoundland (d. 1635) June 24 – Matthias Hafenreffer, German Lutheran theologian (d. 1619) June 26 –