Hansen, Danish fermentation physiologist (d. 1909) May 13 – Sir Arthur Sullivan, English composer (d. 1900) June 11 – Carl von Linde, German scientist, engineer (d. 1934) June 12 – Rikard Nordraak, Norwegian composer (d. 1866) June 16 – David Herold, accomplice of John Wilkes Booth (d. 1865) June 24 – Ambrose Bierce, American writer, satirist (d. ca. 1914) June 25 – Eloy Alfaro, 15th President of Ecuador (d. 1912) July–December July 2 – Albert Ladenburg, German chemist (d. 1911) July 4 – Hermann Cohen, German-Jewish philosopher (d. 1918) July 14 – Christian Lundeberg, 10th Prime Minister of Sweden (d. 1911) July 18 – William D. Coleman, 13th President of Liberia (d. 1908) July 19 – Lydia Hoyt Farmer, American author, women's rights activist (d. 1903) July 30 – Thomas J. O'Brien, American politician, diplomat (d. 1933) August 21 – Harriet Earhart Monroe, American lecturer, educator, writer, producer (d. 1927) August 23 – Osborne Reynolds, Irish engineer, physicist (d. 1912) September 3 – John Devoy, Irish rebel leader, exile (d. 1928) September 10 – Henry Granger Piffard (d. 1910), New York dermatologist and author of the first systematic treatise on dermatology in America September 13 – John H. Bankhead, American senator (d. 1920) September 20 – Sir James Dewar, Scottish chemist, physicist (d. 1923) September 22 – Abdul Hamid II, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1918) September 29 – Sir Joseph Palmer Abbott, Australian politician and solicitor (d. 1901) October 3 – Frederick Rodgers, American admiral (d. 1917) October 14 – Joe Start, American baseball player (d. 1927) October 17 – Gustaf Retzius, Swedish physician, anatomist (d. 1919) October 27 – Giovanni Giolitti, 5-time prime minister of Italy (d. 1928) October 28 – Anna Elizabeth Dickinson, American orator (d. 1932), younger sister of journalist Susan E. Dickinson November 12 Ōyama Iwao, Japanese field marshal, a founder of the Imperial Japanese Army (d. 1916) John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1919) November 26 – Madeleine Brès, French physician (d. 1921) December 2 – C. W. Alcock, English footballer, football official (d. 1907) December 3 – Ellen Swallow Richards, American chemist (d. 1911) December 9 – Peter Kropotkin, Russian anarchist (d. 1921) December 12 – Alfred Parland, Russian architect (d. 1919) Deaths January–June January 12 – Johanna Stegen, German heroine (b. 1793) January 19 – Comte Siméon Joseph Jérôme, French jurist and politician (b. 1749) February 15 – Carlo