and Unified Silla of Korea, the latter of which held the former Goguryeo domains. 670: In 670 an Arab Muslim army under Uqba ibn Nafi entered the region of Ifriqiya. In the late 670s conquest of North Africa was completed. 671: I-tsing visited Srivijaya and Malayu in Sumatra and Kedah in Malay peninsula on his way to Nalanda, India. 674: The first Arab siege of Constantinople begins. 677: Most of the Arab fleet is destroyed by Greek fire; the Persian crown prince flees to the T'ang court. 680: Decisive victory of the Bulgars over the Byzantines in the Battle of Ongal. 680: Battle of Karbala took place near Kufa, which resulted in the death of Husayn ibn Ali and the division of Muslim community. 681: Bulgaria is recognized as independent country by the Byzantine Empire. 682: Revival of the Turkic Khaganate by the efforts of Ilterish Qaghan and Tonyukuk 683: Dapunta Hyang Sri Jayanasa performed Siddhayatra as the journey to expand his influence. The event mentioned in several inscriptions such as Telaga Batu inscription, Talang Tuo inscription and Kedukan Bukit inscription. The beginning of Srivijaya hegemony over the maritime region around Malacca Strait and Sunda Strait. 683–685: The Second Fitna. 686: Srivijaya launch a naval invasion of Java, which is mentioned in Kota Kapur inscription. This likely contributed to the end of Tarumanagara kingdom. 687: I-tsing returned to Srivijaya in on his way back from India to China. In his record he reported that the Kingdom of Malayu was captured by Srivijaya. 688: Emperor Justinian II of the Byzantine Empire defeats the Bulgarians. 690: Pro-Buddhist imperial consort Wu Zetian seizes power and rules as Empress of China. 691: Buddhism is made the state religion of China. 698: The Arabs capture Carthage from the Byzantine Empire. 698: Active but unofficial anti-Christian persecution begins in China 698: North–South States Period begins in Korea. 700: The Mount Edziza volcanic complex erupts in northern British Columbia, Canada. 700: The Sumatra-based Srivijaya naval kingdom flourishes and declines. 700: Wet-field rice cultivation, small towns and kingdoms flourish. Trade links are established with China and India. c. late 7th century: The Sojomerto inscription (discovered in Batang, Central Java) is dated around this time, it mentions Dapunta Selendra, possibly the ancestor of the Sailendra dynasty. The inscription was written in Old Malay, suggesting a Srivijayan link to this family. Inventions, discoveries, introductions Earliest known record of the game