of France. The insurrection is suppressed, but not before 50 people are killed and 190 wounded. Blanqui is imprisoned until 1848. May 22 – Former British statesman Lord Durham, as President of the New Zealand Company, formally asks the British government for permission to colonize New Zealand, and to establish a colonial government under the sovereignty of the United Kingdom. May 23 – Turkish troops cross the Euphrates River and invade Syria, but are defeated in battle in June. June 3 – Destruction of opium at Humen begins, casus belli for Britain to open the 3-year First Opium War against Qing Dynasty China. A rapid rise in the sale of opium in China to over 40,000 chests (~) per annum results. has caused the Chinese government to dispatch scholar-official Lin Zexu to Guangzhou to deal with the growing problem of opium addiction. June 22 – Louis Daguerre receives a patent for his camera (commercially available by September at the price of 400 francs). June 27 - The emperor of the Sikh Empire, Maharaja Ranjit Singh, dies at 58. July–September July 1 Slaves aboard the Amistad rebel, and capture the ship. Abdülmecid I (1839–1861) succeeds Mahmud II (1808–1839) as Ottoman Emperor. July 23 – First Anglo-Afghan War – Battle of Ghazni: British forces capture the fortress city of Ghazni, Afghanistan. August 8 – The Fraternity of Beta Theta Pi is founded by John Reily Knox at Miami University. August 19 – The French government gives the daguerreotype "for the whole world". August 31 – The First Carlist War (Spain) ends with the Convenio de Vergara, also known as the Abrazo de Vergara ("the embrace in Vergara"; Bergara in Basque), between liberal general Baldomero Espartero, Count of Luchana and Carlist General Rafael Maroto. September 4 – Battle of Kowloon: British vessels open fire on Chinese war junks enforcing a food sales embargo on the British community in China in the first armed conflict of the First Opium War. October–December October 3 – A railway between Naples and Portici () in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies is inaugurated by King Ferdinand II of Bourbon as the first line in the Italian Peninsula. October 15 – Emir Abdelkader declares a jihad against the French. November 4 – Newport Rising: Between 5,000 and 10,000 Chartist sympathisers march on Newport, Monmouthshire, to liberate Chartist prisoners; around 22 are killed when troops fire on the crowd.