– The British House of Lords defeats the abolition of the death penalty. July 13 – John McCarthy (Dartmouth), Marvin Minsky (MIT), Claude Shannon (Bell Labs) and Nathaniel Rochester (IBM) assemble the first coordinated research meeting on the topic of artificial intelligence, at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, in the United States. July 16 – With the closing of its "Big Tent" show in Pittsburgh, Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus announces all subsequent circuses will be "arena shows", due to changing economics. July 24 – At New York City's Copacabana nightclub, Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis perform their last comedy show together (their act started on July 25, 1946). July 25 – The Italian ocean liner sinks after colliding with the Swedish ship SS Stockholm in heavy fog south of Nantucket island, killing 51. July 26 – Egyptian leader Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalizes the Suez Canal, sparking international condemnation. July 30 – A joint resolution of Congress is signed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, authorizing "In God we trust" as the U.S. national motto. July 31 Cricket: Jim Laker sets an extraordinary record at Old Trafford in the fourth Test between England and Australia, taking 19 wickets in a first class match (the previous best was 17). Luzhniki Stadium, well known sports venue of Russia and the Soviet Union, officially opens in Moscow. August August 6 – After going bankrupt in 1955, the American broadcaster DuMont Television Network airs its final broadcast, an episode of its sports series Boxing from St. Nicholas Arena. August 7 – Seven ammunition trucks loaded with 1,053 boxes of dynamite explode in Cali, Colombia. Death estimates range from 1,300 to 10,000, in a city that at this time has 120,000 inhabitants. August 8 – 262 miners (chiefly Italian nationals) die in a fire at the Bois du Cazier coal mine, in Marcinelle, Belgium. August 9 – Art exhibition This Is Tomorrow opens at Whitechapel Art Gallery in London. August 12 – Around 5,000 members of the Romanian Greek-Catholic Church hold a mass outside Cluj-Napoca Piarists' Church to demonstrate that their church, proscribed by the government in 1948, has not ceased to exist as the regime claims. August 17 – West Germany bans the Communist Party of Germany. September September 9 – Elvis Presley appears on The Ed Sullivan Show in the United States for the first time. September 13 The hard disk drive