Martin Van Buren defeats William Henry Harrison. March 4, 1837 – Martin Van Buren succeeds Andrew Jackson as President of the United States. Supreme Court January 12 – January 27, 1830 – Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina debates the question of states' rights vs. federal authority with Daniel Webster of Massachusetts in the United States Congress. March 12, 1830 – Craig vs. Missouri: The United States Supreme Court rules that state loan certificates are unconstitutional because they were bills of credit emitted by a state in violation of Article I, Section 10 of the Constitution. Other November 14, 1832 – Charles Carroll, the last surviving signer of the Declaration of Independence dies at his home in Maryland at age 95. April 14, 1834 – The Whig Party is officially named by United States Senator Henry Clay. August 11 – August 12, 1834 – Ursuline Convent Riots: A convent of Ursuline nuns is burned near Boston. January 8, 1835 – The United States public debt contracts to $0 for the only time in history 1835 – Edward Strutt Abdy publishes his Journal of a Residence and Tour in the United States of North America: From April, 1833, to October 1834. May 10, 1837 – The Panic of 1837 begins in New York City. June 11, 1837 – The Broad Street Riot occurs in Boston, Massachusetts, fueled by ethnic tensions between the Irish and the Yankees. 1839 – the first state law permitting women to own property is passed in Jackson, Mississippi. Texas War of Independence (Texas Revolution) October 2, 1835 – Province of Tejas, Northern Mexico, – Battle of Gonzales: Under orders from Mexican President-turned dictator, General Antonio López de Santa Anna, Mexican soldiers attempt to capture a cannon that the Mexican government had earlier provided to the settlers of Gonzales, Texas for protection against hostile Indians, but encounter stiff resistance from a hastily assembled militia. This became known as the "Come-and-Take-it" skirmish. December 9, 1835 – Texian "army" volunteers, under General Burleson, capture the town of San Antonio de Bejar from the Mexican forces occupying the town under General Martin Perfecto de Cos. December 20, 1835 – A Texas Declaration of Independence is first signed at Goliad, Texas. January 5, 1836 – David Crockett arrives in Texas. February 23, 1836 – The Siege of the Alamo begins, with a Texian army under the command of Lt Colonel Willam B.