Earth (a dog named Laika) on board; there is no technology available to return it to Earth. November 13 Gordon Gould invents the laser. Flooding in the Po Valley of Italy leads to flooding also in Venice. November 15 1957 Aquila Airways Solent crash: A flying boat crash on the Isle of Wight leaves 45 dead. Yugoslavia announces the end of an economic boycott of Francoist Spain (although it does not reinstitute diplomatic relations). November 16 – Adnan Menderes of the Democrat Party forms the new government of Turkey (23rd government, last government formed by DP and Menderes). November 30 Indonesian president Sukarno survives a grenade attack at the Cikini School in Jakarta, but six children are killed. 1957 New Zealand general election: The Labour Party defeats the governing National Party, with Walter Nash succeeding Keith Holyoake as Prime Minister. December December 1 – In Indonesia, Sukarno announces the nationalization of 246 Dutch businesses. December 4 – The Lewisham rail crash in London, UK, leaves 92 people dead. December 5 – All 326,000 Dutch nationals are expelled from Indonesia. December 6 – The first U.S. attempt to launch a satellite fails, when the Vanguard rocket blows up on the launch pad. December 10 – Canadian diplomat Lester B. Pearson receives the Nobel Peace Prize, for his peacekeeping efforts in the United Nations. December 20 – The Boeing 707 airliner flies for the first time. Date unknown Mao Zedong admits that 800,000 "class enemies" had been summarily liquidated in China between 1949 and 1954. Gruppe SPUR, an artistic collaboration, is founded in Germany. Raja Fashions, a tailoring business, is founded in Hong Kong. The so-called 'mound of Midas', the Great Tumulus near Gordium, is excavated. Three new neo-grotesque sans-serif typefaces are released: Folio (designed by Konrad Bauer and Walter Baum), Neue Haas Grotesk (designed by Max Miedinger) and Univers (designed by Adrian Frutiger); all will be influential in the International Typographic Style of graphic design. Births January January 1 Isabel Ordaz, Spanish actress Ewa Kasprzyk, Polish actress January 3 – Bojan Križaj, Slovenian alpine skier January 4 – Patty Loveless, American country music singer January 5 – Maartin Allcock, English multi-instrumentalist and record producer (d. 2018) January 6 – Nancy Lopez, American golfer January 7 Katie Couric, American television host Hannu Kamppuri, Finnish ice hockey goaltender Julian Solís, Puerto Rican former world bantamweight champion boxer January 8 David Lang, American composer