last stronghold of the Padris. It finally fell in 1837 after being besieged for three years, and along with the exile of Padri leader Tuanku Imam Bonjol, the conflict died out. Vietnam 1839 – The Emperor Minh Mạng renames Việt Nam to Đai Nam. Australia and New Zealand The various Maori chieftains of Northland region of North Island proclaim their independence as the United Tribes of New Zealand, under the guidance of James Bubsby. The British Crown immediately recognizes their claim. August 15, 1834 – The South Australia Act allows for the creation of a colony there. June 8, 1835 – The Australian city of Melbourne is founded by John Batman and John Pascoe Fawkner. October 28, 1835 – United Tribes of New Zealand founded at Waitangi with the Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand. November 19, 1835 – A force of 500 Māori people invade and enslave the peoples of the Chatham Islands. July 27, 1836 – Adelaide, South Australia, is founded. December 26, 1836 – The colony of South Australia is officially proclaimed (now celebrated in the state of South Australia as Proclamation Day). December 28, 1836 – Colony of South Australia founded by Captain John Hindmarsh June 10, 1838 – 28 Indigenous Australians are killed in the Myall Creek Massacre. 1838 – Five nuns from the Religious Sisters of Charity in Ireland become the first women of religion to set foot on Australian soil. Southern Asia December 1838 – First Anglo-Afghan War: British and Presidency armies set out from Punjab in support of Shah Shujah Durrani's claim to the throne of Afghanistan. India The British government appointed a series of administrative heads of British India in the 1830s ("Governor-General of India" starting in 1833): Lord William Bentinck (1828–1835), Sir Charles Metcalfe, Bt (1835–1836), and The Lord Auckland (1836–1842). The Government of India Act 1833 was enacted to remove the East India Company's remaining trade monopolies and divested it of all its commercial functions, renewing the company's political and administrative authority for another twenty years. It invested the Board of Control with full power and authority over the company. The English Education Act by the Council of India in 1835 reallocated funds from the East India Company to spend on education and literature in India. In 1837, the British East India company replaced Persian with local vernacular in various provinces as the official and court language. However,