major North Atlantic U-boat "wolfpack" attack of the war. May 9–12 – Japanese troops carry out the Changjiao massacre in Changjiao, Hunan, China. May 11 – WWII: American troops invade Attu in the Aleutian Islands, in an attempt to expel occupying Japanese forces. May 12 – The Third Washington Conference ("Trident") begins in Washington, D.C., with Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill taking part. May 13 – WWII: German Afrika Korps and Italian troops in North Africa surrender to Allied forces. May 14 Australian Hospital Ship Centaur is sunk off the coast of Queensland by , killing 268 of the 332 medical personnel and civilian crew aboard. The 358th Bombardment Squadron, 303d Bombardment Group B-17F Hell's Angels is the first USAAF bomber to complete 25 missions. May 15 – The Comintern is dissolved in Moscow. May 16–17 – WWII: Operation Chastise (the 'Dambuster Raid') takes place: No. 617 Squadron RAF use bouncing bombs to breach German dams in the Ruhr Valley. May 16 – Holocaust: The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising ends. 13,000 Jews have been killed in the ghetto and almost all the remaining 50,000 residents are deported to Majdanek and Treblinka extermination camps. May 17 – WWII: The United States Army contracts with the University of Pennsylvania's Moore School to develop the computer ENIAC. The Memphis Belle's crew becomes the first aircrew in the 8th Air Force to complete its 25-mission tour of duty. The aircraft and crew are the first to return to the U.S. intact for a War Bond drive. May 19 – Winston Churchill addresses a joint session of the United States Congress. May 23 – WWII: The battleship is commissioned at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. May 27 – The port city of Maizuru is founded in Japan. May 29 – Norman Rockwell's illustration of 'Rosie the Riveter' first appears, on the cover of The Saturday Evening Post. May 30 The Holocaust: Dr. Josef Mengele begins his position as a medical officer in the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp. WWII: The Battle of Attu ends in the Aleutian Islands with an American victory over the Japanese forces there. June June 1 – BOAC Flight 777, a scheduled passenger flight, is shot down over the Bay of Biscay by German Junkers Ju 88s; all 17 persons aboard perish, including actor Leslie Howard. June 3 The Zoot Suit Riots erupt between military personnel and Mexican-American youths in East Los Angeles. The French Committee