million. September 29 – Meeker Massacre: Nathan Meeker and others are killed in an uprising at the White River Ute Indian reservation in Colorado. October–December October 2 – Qing dynasty China signs the Treaty of Livadia with the Russian Empire on terms so unfavorable to China that its emissary is threatened with execution. October 7 – The Dual Alliance is formed by Germany and Austria-Hungary. October 8 – War of the Pacific: Battle of Angamos – The Chilean Navy defeats Peruvian naval forces. October 13 – The first female students are admitted to study for degrees of the University of Oxford in England, at the new Lady Margaret Hall and Somerville Hall, and with the Society of Oxford Home-Students. October 17 – Sunderland Association Football Club is formed by a group of schoolteachers in northeast England. October 22 – Using a filament of carbonized thread, Thomas Edison tests his first practical electric light bulb (it lasts 13½ hours before burning out). October 28 – The Hall effect is discovered by Edwin Hall at Johns Hopkins University in the United States. November Land is acquired for Simmons College of Kentucky, an historically black school, established as a Baptist institution. The Age of Michael begins, according to French occultist Eliphas Levi and Johannes Trithemius. November 4 – Thomas Edison applies for a patent for his invention of the incandescent light bulb (U.S. Patent 223,898 will be granted on January 27, 1880). November 10 – The Bell Telephone Company and Western Union reach an agreement in the United States, in which the former agrees to stay out of telegraphy and the latter to keep out of the telephone business. December 21 – Henrik Ibsen's controversial drama A Doll's House premières at the Royal Danish Theatre in Copenhagen (having been first published on December 4 in the city). December 28 – Tay Bridge disaster: The central part of the Tay Rail Bridge at Dundee, Scotland, collapses in a storm as a train passes over it, killing 75. December 31 Thomas Edison demonstrates incandescent lighting to the public for the first time, in Menlo Park, New Jersey. Gilbert and Sullivan's comic opera The Pirates of Penzance opens at the Fifth Avenue Theatre in New York City (following a token performance the day before for U.K. copyright reasons in Paignton, Devon). Date unknown Colonel Ahmed ‘Urabi forms the Egyptian Nationalist Party. The Stefan–Boltzmann law is discovered