scaled, rotated and texture mapped. Custom math co-processor (physically located inside MADAM) System board 200 MByte/s (50 million words a second) Bus clocked at 50 MHz 36 DMA channels 2 MB of main RAM 1 MB of VRAM 2 expansion ports 32 KB SRAM Sound 16-bit stereo sound Stereo CDDA playback. 44.1 kHz sound sampling rate Supports 4-Channel Dolby Surround sound Custom 20-bit digital signal processor (DSP) 20-bit accumulator with 16-bit parameter registers for extended precision, embedded in the CLIO chip. 13 DMA channels of digital input, to be sampled, and distorted by the DSP. Media Double-speed 300 kB/s data transfer CD-ROM drive with 32 KB RAM buffer Multitasking 32-bit operating system Connectivity Audio and video RF switch An RF connector can be used with older TVs that lack direct video inputs. The 3DO output is compatible with most existing video console switches, including those made for the NES/SNES, Sega Master System/Genesis, & NEC Turbo Grafix RF. This provides a relatively low quality but universally compatible video signal. Composite RCA The 3DO features standard composite video and audio ports (yellow/red/white RCA connectors) that are compatible with off the shelf cables also used on VHS players and certain other video devices and games consoles, as well as older computer video monitors. S-Video The 3DO also offers an S-Video connector for enhanced picture quality on more advanced televisions. Power All 3DO consoles have integrated power supplies. Some models (Panasonic 3DO FZ-1, Sanyo TRY 3DO, and Goldstar 3DO) have hardwired power cords, others (Panasonic 3DO FZ-10) use an IEC 60320 C7 "figure 8" power cord. All North American model specifications are AC 120 V 60 Hz 30 W. Basic accessories Most 3DO systems shipped with a standard controller, as well as A/V and power cables. The 3DO controllers were unusual in that the system base unit contained only one controller port and the controllers could be physically daisy chained together via a port on the back of each controller. Up to eight controllers could be linked together in this fashion. All controllers for each 3DO console are compatible with one another. In addition, standard 3DO controllers released with the Panasonic FZ-1 also contained a headphone jack and volume control for silent play. The GoldStar (LG) model also included a controller with this feature. Third party controllers were produced by a number of companies including Logitech. World International Trading Corporation also released an adapter