Western Europe, following the so-called "Euromissile Crisis". The 8.2 Tumaco earthquake shakes Colombia and Ecuador with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), killing 300–600, and generating a large tsunami. Coup d'état of December Twelfth: South Korean Army Major General Chun Doo-hwan orders the arrest of Army Chief of Staff General Jeong Seung-hwa without authorization from President Choi Kyu-hah, alleging involvement in the assassination of ex-President Park Chung-hee. The unrecognised state of Zimbabwe Rhodesia returns to British control and resumes using the name Southern Rhodesia. December 13 – The government of Canada falls in a non-confidence motion. December 15 – The directorial debut of Hayao Miyazaki, The Castle of Cagliostro based on the manga series Lupin III is released in Japan. December 21 – A ceasefire for Rhodesia is signed at London. December 23 – The highest aerial tramway in Europe, the Klein Matterhorn, opens. December 24 The Soviet Union covertly launches its invasion of Afghanistan - 3 days later, PDPA general secretary Hafizullah Amin is executed in Operation Storm-333 and Babrak Karmal replaces him, beginning the war. The first European Ariane rocket is launched. December 26 – In Rhodesia, 96 Patriotic Front guerrillas enter the capital Salisbury to monitor a ceasefire that begins December 28. Date unknown The One-child policy is introduced in China – it contributes to Missing women of China. It was loosened in 2013. Hànyǔ Pīnyīn is widely adopted as the official romanization system for Standard Chinese, leading to changes in Western spelling of Chinese toponyms. VisiCalc becomes the first commercial spreadsheet program. The first usenet experiments are conducted by Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis of Duke University. Worldwide per capita oil production reaches a historic peak. The remains of Tsar Nicholas II and some of the Romanovs are discovered and exhumed near Sverdlovsk (now Yekaterinburg). NBC introduces a new version of its famous peacock, used in conjunction with the 1975-style N, for the Fall season. Onde Tem Bruxa Tem Fada, book is published. China International Trust Investment Group (CITIC) founded. Births January January 1 Brody Dalle, Australian singer Vidya Balan, Indian actress Gisela, Spanish pop singer and voice actress January 2 Erica Hubbard, American actress Jagmeet Singh, Canadian politician, leader of the New Democratic Party January 3 Koit Toome, Estonian singer and musical actor Rie Tanaka, Japanese voice actress January 4 – Kevin Kuske, German Olympic bobsledder January 6 Christina Chanée, Danish-Thai pop singer Bernice