of 1812 – Sinking of HMS Reindeer by USS Wasp. July–September July 3 – War of 1812 – Capture of Fort Erie by the Americans under Major General Jacob Brown. July 5 – War of 1812 – Battle of Chippawa: American Major General Jacob Brown defeats British General Phineas Riall at Chippawa, Ontario. July 7 – Walter Scott's Waverley, his first prose fiction and one of the first significant historical novels in English, is published anonymously by Archibald Constable in Edinburgh, selling out in two days. July 13 – The Carabinieri (the national military police of Italy) is established by Victor Emmanuel, as the police force of the Kingdom of Sardinia. July 19 – July 20 – War of 1812 – Siege of Prairie du Chien: British troops and Native Americans besiege and capture the frontier settlement. July 19 – War of 1812 – Battle of Rock Island Rapids: British-allied tribes ambush and defeat an American expedition in Illinois. July 22 – War of 1812 – The Treaty of Greenville is signed between the U.S. government and Native American tribes. July 25 George Stephenson tests his first locomotive Blücher successfully in England. War of 1812 – Battle of Lundy's Lane: Reinforcements arrive near Niagara Falls, Ontario for General Riall's British and Canadian force, and a bloody, all-night battle with Jacob Brown's Americans commences at 18.00 hours; Americans retreat to Fort Erie. July 26 – The Swedish–Norwegian War (1814) begins with a Swedish attack. July 28 – The revived Ligurian Republic is dissolved. July 29 – Swedish–Norwegian War: The invasion of Hvaler ends in a Swedish victory. July 30 – The Great fire of Tirschenreuth in Bavaria destroys the town and 907 buildings. August 1– The Grand Jubilee of 1814 is held in Britain, celebrating the hundredth anniversary of the Hanoverian Succession August 2 – Swedish–Norwegian War: Battle of Lier ends in a Norwegian victory. August 4 War of 1812 – Battle of Mackinac Island results in a British victory over an American invasion. Swedish–Norwegian War (1814) – Battle of Fredrikstad ends in a Swedish victory. War of 1812 – The British Siege of Fort Erie begins. August 5 – Swedish–Norwegian War: the Battle of Matrand ends in a Norwegian victory. August 7 – Pope Pius VII decrees the bull Sollicitudo omnium ecclesiarum, reestablishing the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) all over the world, after having approved their survival and existence in