French general strike ends. August – High Arctic relocation of Inuit families by the Government of Canada. September September 4 – The discovery of REM sleep is first published, by researchers Eugene Aserinsky and Nathaniel Kleitman. September 5 – The United Nations rejects the Soviet Union's suggestion to accept the People's Republic of China as a member. September 7 – Nikita Khrushchev becomes head of the Soviet Central Committee. September 23 – The Pact of Madrid is signed by Francoist Spain and the United States of America, ending a period of virtual isolation for Spain. September 25 – The first German prisoners of war return from the Soviet Union to West Germany. September 26 – Rationing of sugar ends in the UK. October October – The UNIVAC 1103 is the first commercial computer to use random-access memory. October 5 Earl Warren is appointed Chief Justice of the United States, by President Dwight D. Eisenhower. The first meeting of Narcotics Anonymous is held (the first planning session was held August 17). October 6 – UNICEF, the United Nations Children's Fund, is made a permanent specialized agency of the United Nations. October 9 West German federal election, 1953: Konrad Adenauer is re-elected as German chancellor. Fearing communist influence in British Guiana, the British Government suspends the constitution, declares a state of emergency, and militarily occupies the colony. October 10 Roland (Monty) Burton wins the 1953 London to Christchurch air race, in under 23 hours flying time. The Mutual Defense Treaty Between the United States and the Republic of Korea is concluded in Washington, D.C. October 12 – The play The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial opens at Plymouth Theatre, New York. October 22 – Laos becomes independent from France. October 23 – Alto Broadcasting System in the Philippines makes the first television broadcast in southeast Asia, through DZAQ-TV. Alto Broadcasting System is the predecessor of what will later become ABS-CBN Corporation. October 30 – Cold War: U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower formally approves the top secret document of the United States National Security Council NSC 162/2, which states that the United States' arsenal of nuclear weapons must be maintained and expanded to counter the communist threat. November November 5 – David Ben-Gurion resigns as prime minister of Israel. November 9 Cambodia becomes independent from France. The Laotian Civil War begins between the Kingdom of Laos and the Pathet Lao, all the while resuming the