and crowned himself as first Chatrapati of the empire. 1676–1681: Russia and the Ottoman Empire commence the Russo-Turkish Wars. 1678: The Treaty of Nijmegen ends various interconnected wars among France, the Dutch Republic, Spain, Brandenburg, Sweden, Denmark, the Prince-Bishopric of Münster, and the Holy Roman Empire. 1680: The Pueblo Revolt drives the Spanish out of New Mexico until 1692. 1680: Prince Sambhaji crowned himself as the second Chatrapati of Maratha Empire 20 July. 1682: French explorer Robert La Salle claims all the land east of the Mississippi River. 1683: China conquers the Kingdom of Tungning and annexes Taiwan. 1683: The Ottoman Empire is defeated in the second Siege of Vienna. 1683–1699: The Great Turkish War leads to the conquest of most of Ottoman Hungary by the Habsburgs. 1687: Isaac Newton publishes Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica. 1688: The Siege of Derry, the first major event in the Williamite War in Ireland. 1688: Siamese revolution of 1688 ousted French influence and virtually severed all ties with the West until the 19th century. 1688–1689: The Glorious Revolution starts with the Dutch Republic invading England, England becomes a constitutional monarchy. 1688–1691: The War of the Two Kings in Ireland. 1688–1697: The Grand Alliance sought to stop French expansion during the Nine Years' War. 1689: The Battle of Killiecrankie is fought between Jacobite and Williamite forces in Highland Perthshire. 1689: The Karposh rebellion is crushed in present-day North Macedonia, Skopje is retaken by the Ottoman Turks. Karposh is killed, and the rebels are defeated. 1689: Bill of Rights gains royal consent. 1689: John Locke publishes Two Treatises of Government and A Letter Concerning Toleration. 1690: The Battle of the Boyne in Ireland. 1692: Port Royal in Jamaica is struck by an earthquake and a tsunami. Approximately 2,000 people die and 2,300 are injured. 1692–1694: Famine in France kills two million. 1693: The College of William and Mary is founded in Williamsburg, Virginia, by a royal charter. 1694: The Bank of England is established. 1695: The Mughal Empire nearly bans the East India Company in response to pirate Henry Every's capture of the trading ship Ganj-i-Sawai. 1696–1697: Famine in Finland wipes out almost one-third of the population. 1697–1699: Grand Embassy of Peter the Great to Western Europe. 1699: Thomas Savery demonstrates his first steam engine to the Royal Society. Gallery Inventions, discoveries, introductions Major changes in philosophy and science take place, often characterized as the Scientific