to his domain. July 26 – Battle of Ponta Delgada (War of the Portuguese Succession): Spanish admiral Santa Cruz decisively defeats a larger mercenary fleet from France, England, supporters of the Portuguese claimant António, Prior of Crato, and the Dutch Republic, under Filippo di Piero Strozzi (who is killed) off the Azores, the first engagement between large fleets of galleons, operating at any great distance from the mainland. August 22 – Raid of Ruthven in Scotland: A political conspiracy of Presbyterian nobles abduct King James VI. October 4 of Julian calendar (Thursday) – Pope Gregory XIII implements the Gregorian calendar. In Italy, Poland, Portugal, and Spain, October 4 of this year is followed directly by October 15. November 29 – Future English playwright William Shakespeare marries Anne Hathaway. December 9 of Julian calendar (Sunday) – France makes the next day Monday, December 20 of the Gregorian Calendar. Date unknown Kumbum is founded in Tibet. In Ming Dynasty China: Jesuit Matteo Ricci is allowed to enter the country. The earliest reference is made to the publishing of private newspapers in Beijing. The sultanate of Morocco begins to press southward, in search of a greater share of the trans-Saharan trade. The Cagayan battles in the Philippines, the only recorded clashes between European regular soldiers and samurai warriors. University of Würzburg refounded. The Douai-Rheims Bible New Testament is published. Battle of Dewair Births January 6 Alonso de Contreras, Spanish privateer and writer (d. 1641) Jaroslav Borzita of Martinice, Bohemian noble (d. 1649) January 7 – Magdalene of Brandenburg, Landgravine consort of Hesse-Darmstadt (1598–1616) (d. 1616) January 26 – Giovanni Lanfranco, Italian painter (d. 1647) January 28 – John Barclay, Scottish satirist and Latin poet (d. 1621) January 30 – George II, Duke of Pomerania (d. 1617) February 8 – Matthias Bernegger, German philologist (d. 1640) February 17 – George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (d. 1641) February 22 – John Ratcliffe, English politician and soldier (d. 1627) March 15 Daniel Featley, English theologian and controversialist (d. 1645) Deodat del Monte, Flemish painter, architect (d. 1644) March 22 – John Williams, Welsh clergyman and political advisor to King James I (d. 1650) March 31 – Duchess Sophie of Prussia, Duchess consort of Courland (1609–1610) (d. 1610) April 8 – (bapt.) Phineas Fletcher, English poet (d. 1650) April 11 – Justus de Harduwijn, Dutch Catholic priest and poet (d. 1636) May 1 – Marco da Gagliano, Italian