at San Jacinto, Texas. April 22 – Texas Revolution: Forces under Texas General Sam Houston capture Mexican General Antonio López de Santa Anna. May 4 – The Ancient Order of Hibernians, an Irish Catholic fraternal organization, is founded in New York City. May 7 – The settlement of Mayagüez, Puerto Rico is elevated to the royal status of villa, by the government of Spain. May 14 – Texas Revolution: The Treaties of Velasco are signed, between Mexican General Antonio López de Santa Anna and the Republic of Texas, but never ratified by the Mexican government. May 15 – Francis Baily, during an eclipse of the Sun, observes the phenomenon named after him as Baily's beads. May 19 – Fort Parker massacre: Among those captured by Native Americans is 9-year-old Cynthia Ann Parker; she later gives birth to a son named Quanah, who becomes the last chief of the Comanche. June 15 – Arkansas is the 25th state admitted into the United States of America. July–September July 13 – The first numbered (after filing 9,957 unnumbered patents) is granted to John Ruggles, for improvements to railroad steam locomotive tires. July 21 – The Champlain and St. Lawrence Railroad opens between St. John and La Prairie, Quebec, the first steam-worked passenger railroad in British North America. July 27 – The settlement of Adelaide, South Australia, is founded. July 30 – The first English-language newspaper is published in Hawaii. August 17 – The Marriage Act in the United Kingdom establishes civil marriage and registration systems that permit marriages in nonconformist chapels, and a Registrar General of Births, Marriages, and Deaths. August 30 – The settlement of Houston, Texas is founded. September 1 – Rebuilding begins at the Hurva Synagogue in Jerusalem. September 5 – Sam Houston is elected as the first president of the Republic of Texas. September 11 – The Riograndense Republic is proclaimed in South America. October–December October 2 – Charles Darwin returns to England aboard , with biological data he will later use to develop his theory of evolution, having left South America on August 17. October 13 – Theodor Fliedner, a Lutheran minister, and Friederike, his wife, open the Deaconess Home and Hospital at Kaiserswerth, Germany, as an institute to train women in nursing. October 22 – Sam Houston is inaugurated as first elected President of the Republic of Texas. October 24 – The earliest United States patent for