captures Pskov from White forces. August 31 – The American Communist Party is established. Russian Civil War, Southern Front: the city of Kyiv is captured by the White Army. September September 1–October 2 – Russian Civil War, Siberian Front: Admiral Alexander Kolchak launches his final offensive in the Tobolsk operation, defeating the Red Army. September 3 – Jan Smuts becomes the second prime minister of South Africa. September 6 – The U.S. Army expedition across North America, which started July 7, ends in San Francisco. September 10–15 – The Florida Keys hurricane kills 600 in the Gulf of Mexico, Florida and Texas. September 10 – The Treaty of Saint-Germain is signed, ending World War I with Austria-Hungary and declaring that the latter's empire is to be dissolved. The Republic of German-Austria becomes the First Austrian Republic but retains less than 40% of the prewar imperial territory. September 12 Gabriele D'Annunzio, with his entourage, marches into Fiume and convinces Italian troops to join him. First gold fixing takes place in London. September 17 – German South West Africa is placed under South African administration. September 18–November 14 – Russian Civil War, Western Front: Battle of Petrograd: The White general Nikolai Yudenich approaches the city of Saint Petersburg with 18,500 soldiers, but is defeated by the defense organized by Leon Trotsky. September 21 – The Steel strike of 1919 begins across the United States. September 27 – Russian Civil War: The last British Army troops leave Arkhangelsk and leave the fighting to the Russians. September 30 – Elaine massacre: An estimated 100 to 800 African Americans are killed in Elaine, Arkansas, by white mobs and vigilante militias assisted by federal troops in "the deadliest racial confrontation in Arkansas history and possibly the bloodiest racial conflict in the history of the United States". October October 2 – President of the United States Woodrow Wilson suffers a serious stroke, rendering him an invalid for the remainder of his life. October 7 – The Dutch airline KLM is founded (as of 2022, it is the world's oldest airline still flying under its original name). October 9 – In Major League Baseball, the Cincinnati Reds win the World Series, five games to three, over the Chicago White Sox, whose players are later found to have lost intentionally. October 10 – Estonia adopts a radical land reform, nationalizing 97% of agrarian lands, mostly still belonging to the