to the Matsura clan of Japan fail to capture a Portuguese trading carrack, in the first recorded naval battle between Japan and the West. Date unknown The pencil is first documented by Conrad Gesner; it is becoming common in England. John Beddoes School is founded at Presteigne, Wales. Herlufsholm School is founded in Denmark. Huntingdon Grammar School is established in England. Bungay Grammar School is established in England. Births January 17 – Mariana Navarro de Guevarra Romero, Spanish Roman Catholic nun, member of the Mercedarian Tertiaries (d. 1624) February 13 – Willem Baudartius, Dutch theologian (d. 1640) March 23 – Eilhard Lubinus, German theologian (d. 1621) April 2 – Cornelis de Houtman, Dutch explorer (d. 1599) April 3 – Anna III, Abbess of Quedlinburg (d. 1601) May 15 – Hendrick de Keyser, Dutch sculptor and architect born in Utrecht (d. 1621) June 2 – Francisco Ribalta, Spanish painter (d. 1628) July 6 – Hugh Hamersley, Lord Mayor of London, 1627–1628 (d. 1636) August 5 - Paola Massarenghi, Italian composer (d. unknown) August 9 – Louis II, Count of Nassau-Weilburg (d. 1627) August 16 – Christina, Grand Duchess of Tuscany (d. 1637) August 20 – Margaretha van Valckenburch, Dutch shipowner, only female member of the VOC (d. 1650) August 29 – Agostino Ciampelli, Italian painter (d. 1630) September 17 – Edward Fortunatus, German nobleman (d. 1600) September 28 – Alessandro Tassoni, Italian poet and writer (d. 1635) October 6 – Marie de Gournay, French writer (d. 1645) October 12 – Ippolito Galantini, Italian founder of the Congregation of Christian Doctrine of Florence (d. 1619) October 22 – Benedikt Carpzov the elder, German legal scholar (d. 1624) November 10 Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, English nobleman and politician (d. 1601) Laurentius Paulinus Gothus, Swedish theologian and astronomer (d. 1646) November 14 – Petrus Bertius, Flemish theologian and scientist (d. 1629) December 2 – Toby Caulfeild, 1st Baron Caulfeild, Northern Irish politician (d. 1627) date unknown Reza Abbasi, Persian painter and calligrapher (d. 1635) Gregor Aichinger, German composer (d. 1628) Ferdinando Gorges, English colonial entrepreneur (d. 1647) John Davies of Hereford, Welsh poet (d. 1618) George Kirbye, English composer (d. 1634) Duarte Lobo, Portuguese composer (d. 1646) Francis Meres, English churchman and author (d. 1647) María Pita, Spanish heroine (d. 1643) John Spottiswoode, Archbishop of St. Andrews (d. 1639) Francis Tanfield, English governor of the South Falkland colony Edmund Whitelocke, English soldier