Cossacks of the Upper Don rebel against Bolshevik rule in the Vyoshenskaya Uprising and join the White forces. March 15–17 – Members of the American Expeditionary Forces convene in Paris for the first American Legion caucus. March 17 – Birth of the Commonwealth of the Philippines. March 21 – The Hungarian Soviet Republic is established by Béla Kun. March 23 – Benito Mussolini founds his Italian Fascist political movement in Milan. March 23–24 – Charles I, the last Emperor of Austria, leaves Austria for exile in Switzerland. March 26 – Queen of the South F.C. is formed in Dumfries, Scotland. March 27 – The name Bratislava is officially adopted for the city of Pressburg. April April 5 – Pinsk massacre: 35 Jews are killed without trial, after being accused of Bolshevism. April 6–7 – The Bavarian Soviet Republic is founded. April 10 – Mexican Revolution leader Emiliano Zapata is ambushed and shot dead in Morelos. April 12 – French serial killer Henri Désiré Landru is arrested. April 13 Amritsar Massacre: Under the command of Reginald Dyer, detachments of the 9th Gorkha Rifles and the 59th Scinde Rifles massacre 379 Sikh civilians at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, in the Punjab Province. Eugene V. Debs enters prison at the Atlanta Federal Penitentiary in Atlanta, Georgia for speaking out against conscription in the United States during World War I. April 15 – The Save the Children Fund is created in the UK to raise money for the relief of German and Austrian children. April 20 – The French Army blows up the bridge over the Dniester at Bender, Moldova, to protect the city from the Bolsheviks. April 22–June 20 – Russian Civil War: Counteroffensive of Eastern Front – The Reds go on the offensive on the Siberia Front: General Gaya Gai defeats the White forces near Orenburg after a 3-day battle. Over the next weeks, the Red Army pushes the Whites behind the Ural mountains. April 23 – The Estonian Constituent Assembly convenes its first session. April 25 The Bauhaus architectural and design movement is founded in Weimar, Germany. Anzac Day is observed for the first time in Australia. Pancho Villa takes Parral, Chihuahua, in Mexico, and executes the mayor and his two sons. April 30 – First wave of 1919 United States anarchist bombings: several bombs sent by followers of the Italian anarchist Luigi Galleani are intercepted. May May 1 – May