Rosetta Stone, in a letter to the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres in Paris (based on the work of Thomas Young). October–December October 8 – The Galunggung volcano erupts on West Java, and is followed four days later by a second, more violent outburst; the two events kill more than 4,000 people and destroy 114 villages. October 12 – Pedro, Crown Prince of Portugal, is declared the constitutional Emperor of Brazil, as Pedro the First. October 31 – Emperor Agustín de Iturbide of the First Mexican Empire dissolves the country's Congress of the Union, and replaces it with a military junta. October–December – Congress of Verona: Russia, Austria and Prussia approve French intervention in Spain. November 9 – Action of 9 November 1822: engages three pirate schooners off Cuba, as part of the West Indies anti-piracy operations of the United States. November 13 Greek War of Independence: Nafplio falls to the Greek rebels. The Congregation of St. Basil founded in France. November 19 – An earthquake near Valparaíso, Chile, kills around 200, causes a tsunami and raises the coastal area. November 22 – A fire in Guangzhou (Canton) kills 500 people, and destroys 13,070 homes and several European-owned businesses. December 1 – Pedro I is crowned as the first Emperor of Brazil. Date unknown The Rocky Mountain Fur Company (Ashley's Hundred) leave from St. Louis, Missouri, setting off a major increase in fur trade. Coffee is no longer banned in Sweden. Births January–June January 2 – Rudolf Clausius, German physicist (d. 1888) January 6 Menyhért Lónyay, 5th Prime Minister of Hungary (d. 1884) Heinrich Schliemann, German archaeologist (d. 1890) January 9 – Carol Benesch, Silesian and Romanian architect (d. 1896) January 12 – Étienne Lenoir, Belgian engineer (d. 1900) January 25 – Charles Reed Bishop, American businessman, philanthropist in Hawaii (d. 1915) January 28 – Alexander Mackenzie, 2nd Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1892) February 4 – Edward Fitzgerald Beale, American Navy Lieutenant, explorer (d. 1893) February 16 – Sir Francis Galton, English biologist (d. 1911) c. March – Harriet Tubman (born Araminta Ross), African-American abolitionist, humanitarian and spy (d. 1913) March 14 – Teresa Cristina of the Two Sicilies, Empress consort of Brazil (d. 1889) April 3 – Edward Everett Hale, American writer (d. 1909) April 26 – Frederick Law Olmsted, American landscape architect (d. 1903) April 27 – Ulysses S. Grant, 18th President of the United States (d.