The 1st century was the century spanning AD 1 (I) through AD 100 (C) according to the Julian calendar. It is often written as the or to distinguish it from the 1st century BC (or BCE) which preceded it. The 1st century is considered part of the Classical era, epoch, or historical period. The 1st century also saw the appearance of Christianity. During this period, Europe, North Africa and the Near East fell under increasing domination by the Roman Empire, which continued expanding, most notably conquering Britain under the emperor Claudius (AD 43). The reforms introduced by Augustus during his long reign stabilized the empire after the turmoil of the previous century's civil wars. Later in the century the Julio-Claudian dynasty, which had been founded by Augustus, came to an end with the suicide of Nero in AD 68. There followed the famous Year of Four Emperors, a brief period of civil war and instability, which was finally brought to an end by Vespasian, ninth Roman emperor, and founder of the Flavian dynasty. The Roman Empire generally experienced a period of prosperity and dominance in this period and the first century is remembered as part of the Empire's golden age. China continued to be dominated by the Han Dynasty, despite a fourteen-year interruption by the Xin dynasty under Wang Mang. Han rule was restored in AD 23; Wang Mang's rule represents the watershed between the Western/Former Han and the Eastern/Later Han. The capital was also moved from Chang'an to Luoyang. Regional events and politics Western Europe: Celtic, Germanic, Saami and Finnic tribal chiefdom and the Roman Empire Eastern Europe: Roman Empire, Dacian, Sarmatian, Venedae and Balt tribal chiefdoms North Africa: Roman Empire, Garamantes, Mauri, Libyan and Gaetulian tribal chiefdoms West Africa: Gur, Kwa, Soninke and Mande tribal chiefdoms Central Africa: Bantu tribes, collapsing Nok culture, Nok civilization East Africa: Kingdom of Kush, Kingdom of Blemmyes, Kingdom of Aksum Southern Africa: Bantu tribes, Khoisan Western Asia: Roman and Parthian Empires, Sabaean and Arabian Kingdoms Central Asia: Kushan Empire, Sarmatian, Dahae and other Iranian tribal chiefdoms South Asia: Kushan Empire, Western Satraps, Satavahana Empire, Dravidian Kingdoms, Kingdom of Kalinga, Indo-Parthian Kingdom, Zhangzhung Southeast Asia: Mandala of city-states, Kingdom of Funan East Asia: Han Dynasty, Yamatai, Xiongnu and Xianbei tribal chiefdoms, Three Kingdoms of Korea (Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla) Central America: Mayan, Teotihuacan and Zapotec civilizations South America: Nazca, Moche civilizations, Tairona tribal