in (), tooi in wāpuro); however, it fails to differentiate between long vowels and vowels separated by a morpheme boundary. Tookyoo – written by doubling the long vowels. Some dictionaries such as the Pocket Kenkyusha Japanese Dictionary and Basic English Writers' Japanese-English Wordbook follow this style, and it is also used in the JSL form of romanization. Particles In traditional and modified: When is used as a particle, it is written wa. In traditional Hepburn: When is used as a particle, Hepburn originally recommended ye. This spelling is obsolete, and it is commonly written as e (Romaji-Hirome-Kai, 1974). When is used as a particle, it is written wo. In modified Hepburn: When is used as a particle, it is written e. When is used as a particle, it is written o. Syllabic n In traditional Hepburn: Syllabic n () is written as n before consonants, but as m before labial consonants: b, m, and p. It is sometimes written as n- (with a hyphen) before vowels and y (to avoid confusion between, for example, n + a and na, and n + ya and nya), but its hyphen usage is not clear. : annai – guide : Gumma – Gunma : kan-i – simple : shin-yō – trust In modified Hepburn: The rendering m before labial consonants is not used and is replaced with n. It is written n (with an apostrophe) before vowels and y. : annai – guide : Gunma – Gunma : kan'i – simple : shin'yō – trust Long consonants Elongated (or "geminate") consonant sounds are marked by doubling the consonant following a sokuon, ; for consonants that are digraphs in Hepburn (sh, ch, ts), only the first consonant of the set is doubled, except for ch, which is replaced by tch. : kekka – result : sassato – quickly : zutto – all the time : kippu – ticket : zasshi – magazine : issho – together : kotchi (not kocchi) – this way : matcha (not maccha) – matcha : mittsu – three Romanization charts Each entry contains hiragana, katakana, and Hepburn romanization, in that order. † — The characters in are historical characters and are obsolete in modern Japanese. In modern Hepburn romanization, they are often undefined. ‡ — The characters in are rarely used outside of their status as a particle in modern Japanese, and romanization follows the rules above. Extended katakana