It is known in European history as a rather tumultuous year with the Revolutions of 1830 in France, Belgium, Poland, Switzerland and Italy. Events January–March January 11 – LaGrange College (later the University of North Alabama) begins operation, becoming the first publicly chartered college in Alabama. January 12–27 – Webster–Hayne debate: Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina debates the question of states' rights vs. federal authority with Daniel Webster of Massachusetts in the United States Congress. February 3 – The London Protocol establishes the full independence and sovereignty of Greece from the Ottoman Empire, as the result of the Greek War of Independence. February 5 – A fire destroys the Argyll Rooms in London, where the Philharmonic Society of London presents concerts, but firefighters are able to prevent its further spread by use of their new equipment, steam-powered fire engines. March 26 – The Book of Mormon is published in Palmyra, New York. March 28 – The Java War ends. April–June April 6 – Joseph Smith and five others organize the Church of Christ (later renamed the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints), the first formally organized church of the Latter Day Saint movement, in northwestern New York. May 13 – Ecuador separates from Gran Colombia. May 15 – The Royal Swedish Yacht Club (KSSS) is founded. May 28 – The United States Congress passes the Indian Removal Act, authorizing the President to negotiate with Native Americans in the United States for their removal from their ancestral homelands. This also has the effect of beginning mass destruction of bison in North America. June 12: The Chinese province of Hebei is shaken by a 7.5 earthquake killing more than 7,400 people. June 26 – William IV succeeds his brother George IV, as King of the United Kingdom. July–September July 5 – French invasion of Algiers, leading to creation of French Algeria. July 13 – The General Assembly's Institution (later the Scottish Church College), one of the pioneering institutions that ushers in the Bengali Renaissance, is founded by Alexander Duff and Raja Ram Mohan Roy, in Calcutta, India. July 17 – Barthélemy Thimonnier is granted a French patent (#7454) for a sewing machine; it chains stitches at 200/minute. July 18 – Uruguay adopts its first constitution. July 20 – Greece grants citizenship to Romaniote Jews. July 26 – The July Revolution in France begins when people in Paris rebel against