II.The United States Army Air Forces send support for Poles on September 18, 1944, when flight of 110 B-17s of the 3 division Eighth Air Force airdropped supply for soldiers. Normandy landings. The forces of the Western Allies land on the beaches of Normandy in Northern France (June 6, 1944). Yalta Conference, wartime meeting from February 4, 1945, to February 11, 1945, among the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union—President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Premier Joseph Stalin, respectively—for the purpose of discussing Europe's postwar reorganization, intended to discuss the re-establishment of the nations of war-torn Europe. The Holocaust, also known as The Shoah (Hebrew: , Latinized ha'shoah; Yiddish: , Latinized or ) is the term generally used to describe the genocide of approximately six million European Jews during World War II, a program of systematic state-sponsored extermination by Nazi Germany, under Adolf Hitler, its allies, and collaborators. Some scholars maintain that the definition of the Holocaust should also include the Nazis' systematic murder of millions of people in other groups, including ethnic Poles, the Romani, Soviet civilians, Soviet prisoners of war, people with disabilities, gay men, and political and religious opponents. By this definition, the total number of Holocaust victims is between 11 million and 17 million people. The German Instrument of Surrender signed (May 7–8, 1945). Victory in Europe Day. Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki (August 6 and August 9, 1945); Surrender of Japan on August 15. World War II officially ends on September 2, 1945. Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 Arab–Israeli conflict (Early 20th century–present) 1948 Arab–Israeli War (1948–1949) – The war was fought between the newly declared State of Israel and its Arab neighbours. The war commenced upon the termination of the British Mandate of Palestine in mid-May 1948. After the Arab rejection of the 1947 United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine (UN General Assembly Resolution 181) that would have created an Arab state and a Jewish state side by side, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria attacked the state of Israel. In its conclusion, Israel managed to defeat the Arab armies. Indonesian War of Independence (1945-1949) First Indochina War (1946-1954) Major political changes Establishment of the United Nations Charter (June 26, 1945) effective (October 24, 1945). Establishment of the defence alliance NATO April 4, 1949. Internal conflicts 1947–1948 Civil War