rebel. Date unknown The first modern Palio di Siena horserace is held in Italy. Puritans chop down the original Glastonbury Thorn in England. English highwayman and Captain James Hind campaigns for the Royalist cause (according to his own account). Jews are allowed to return to France. Three-wheeled wheelchairs are invented in Nuremberg by watchmaker Stephan Farffler. Ethiopia deports Portuguese diplomats and missionaries. Einkommende Zeitungen becomes the first German newspaper (ceases 1918). The town of Sharon, Massachusetts is founded. Estimation – Istanbul becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead from Beijing. Births January 1 – George Rooke, Royal Navy admiral (d. 1709) January 10 – Countess Sophie Amalie of Nassau-Siegen, Duchess consort of Courland (1682-1688) (d. 1688) February 2 – Nell Gwyn, English actress and royal mistress (d. 1687) February 5 – Anne-Jules, 2nd duc de Noailles, French general (d. 1708) February 26 – Tomás Marín de Poveda, 1st Marquis of Cañada Hermosa, Royal Governor of Chile (d. 1703) February 27 – Jan Verkolje, Dutch painter (d. 1693) March 6 – John Conyers (MP born 1650), English politician (d. 1725) March 24 – Sir Jonathan Trelawny, 3rd Baronet, British bishop (d. 1721) March 25 Sir Richard Cox, 1st Baronet, England (d. 1733) Ernest, Count of Stolberg-Ilsenburg, German nobleman (d. 1710) April 10 – Sebastiano Antonio Tanara, Spanish Catholic cardinal (d. 1724) April 15 – Hedwig of the Palatinate-Sulzbach, Archduchess of Austria, Duchess of Saxe-Lauenburg (d. 1681) April 18 – Sir Edward Dering, 3rd Baronet, English politician (d. 1689) April 20 Felice Boselli, Italian painter (d. 1732) William Bedloe, English fraudster and informer (d. 1680) April 27 – Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel, Queen Consort of Denmark (1670-1699) (d. 1714) May 19 – Cornelis HrR Ridder de Graeff, Dutch nobleman and chief landholder of the Zijpe and Haze Polder (d. 1678) May 26 – John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, English general (d. 1722) June 5 – Ogasawara Nagashige, Japanese daimyō (d. 1732) June 14 – Carlo Alessandro Guidi, Italian lyric poet (d. 1712) June 25 – Joseph Sherman (Massachusetts Bay Colony), American politician (d. 1731) July 1 – Maria Anna Vasa, Polish princess (d. 1651) July 6 – Frederick Casimir Kettler, Duke of Courland and Semigallia (d. 1698) July 25 – William Burkitt, English biblical expositor, vicar in Dedham (d. 1703) July 30 – Edward Lewis (Devizes MP), English politician (d. 1674) August 7 – Louis Joseph, Duke of