and turns his attention to rail, introducing the world's first steam railway locomotive in 1804. Date unknown The first of a continuous series of censuses is held in France. Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin, British ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, begins removal of the Elgin Marbles from the Parthenon in Athens. Philippe Pinel publishes Traité médico-philosophique sur l'aliénation mentale; ou la manie, presenting his enlightened humane psychological approach to the management of psychiatric hospitals. Translated into English by D. D. Davis as Treatise on Insanity in 1806, it is influential on both sides of the Atlantic during the nineteenth century. Ultraviolet radiation is discovered by Johann Wilhelm Ritter. The magnum opus Disquisitiones Arithmeticae of Carl Friedrich Gauss is published. The Supreme Council, Scottish Rite (Southern Jurisdiction, USA) is founded within Freemasonry. Births January–June January 3 – Gijsbert Haan, Dutch-American religious leader (d. 1874) January 10 – Thierry Hermès, German-born French businessman, founder of Hermès (d. 1878) January 11 – Honório Hermeto Carneiro Leão, Marquis of Paraná, Brazilian politician (d. 1856) January 14 – Jane Welsh Carlyle, wife of Scottish essayist Thomas Carlyle (d. 1866) February 1 Jean-Baptiste Boussingault, French chemist (d. 1887) Thomas Cole, American artist (d. 1848) February 13 – János Kardos, Hungarian Slovenes evangelical priest, teacher and writer (d. 1875) February 21 – John Henry Newman, English Catholic Cardinal (d. 1890) May 5 – Pío Pico, last Governor of Alta California (d. 1894) May 9 – Peter Hesketh-Fleetwood, English Member of Parliament, developer (d. 1866) May 11 – Henri Labrouste, French architect (d. 1875) May 16 – William H. Seward, 24th United States Secretary of State (d. 1872) May 17 – Lovisa Åhrberg, first woman doctor, surgeon in Sweden (d. 1881) May 31 – Johann Georg Baiter, Swiss philologist, textual critic (d. 1877) June 1 – Brigham Young, American Mormon leader, colonizer (d. 1877) June 5 – William Scamp, English architect and engineer (d. 1872) June 4 – James Pennethorne, English architect (d. 1871) June 14 – Heber C. Kimball, American religious leader (d. 1868) June 16 – Julius Plücker, German mathematician, physicist (d. 1868) June 24 – Caroline Clive, English writer (d. 1873) June 30 – Frédéric Bastiat, French philosopher (d. 1850) July–December July 5 – David Farragut, American admiral (d. 1870) July 14 – Johannes Peter Müller, German physiologist, comparative anatomist, ichthyologist, and herpetologist (d. 1858) July 27 – George Biddell Airy, English mathematician, astronomer