from our experience and which are "the source of most of our philosophical reasonings": And then two more: In 1949, physicist Max Born distinguished determination from causality. For him, determination meant that actual events are so linked by laws of nature that certainly reliable predictions and retrodictions can be made from sufficient present data about them. He describes two kinds of causation: nomic or generic causation and singular causation. Nomic causality means that cause and effect are linked by more or less certain or probabilistic general laws covering many possible or potential instances; this can be recognized as a probabilized version of Hume's criterion 3. An occasion of singular causation is a particular occurrence of a definite complex of events that are physically linked by antecedence and contiguity, which may be recognized as criteria 1 and 2. See also General Catch-22 (logic) Causal research Causal inference Causality (book) Causation (sociology) Cosmological argument Domino effect Sequence of events Mathematics Causal filter Causal system Causality conditions Chaos theory Physics Anthropic principle Arrow of time Butterfly effect Chain reaction Delayed choice quantum eraser Feedback Grandfather paradox Quantum Zeno effect Retrocausality Schrödinger's cat Wheeler–Feynman absorber theory Philosophy Aetiology Arche (ἀρχή) Causa sui Chance (philosophy) Chicken or the egg Condition of possibility Determinism Mill's Methods Newcomb's paradox Non sequitur (logic) Ontological paradox Post hoc ergo propter hoc Predestination paradox Proposed proofs of universal validity (principle of causality) Proximate and ultimate causation Quidditism Supervenience Philosophy of mind Synchronicity Statistics Causal loop diagram Causal Markov condition Correlation does not imply causation Experimental design Granger causality Linear regression Randomness Causal model (structural causal model) Rubin causal model Validity (statistics) Psychology and medicine Adverse effect Clinical trial Force dynamics Iatrogenesis Nocebo Placebo Scientific control Suggestibility Suggestion Pathology and epidemiology Causal inference Epidemiology Etiology Molecular pathology Molecular pathological epidemiology Pathogenesis Pathology Sociology and economics Instrumental variable Root cause analysis Self-fulfilling prophecy Supply and demand Unintended consequence Virtuous circle and vicious circle Environmental issues Causes of global warming Causes of deforestation Causes of land degradation Causes of soil contamination Causes of habitat fragmentation References Further reading Arthur Danto (1965). Analytical Philosophy of History. Cambridge University Press. Idem, 'Complex Events', Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 30 (1969), 66–77. Idem, 'On Explanations in History', Philosophy of Science, 23 (1956), 15–30. Green, Celia (2003). The Lost Cause: Causation and the Mind-Body Problem. Oxford: Oxford Forum. Includes three chapters on causality at the microlevel in physics.