19 – First Carlist War: Battle of Aranzueque – The liberal forces loyal to Queen Isabel II of Spain are victorious, ending the Carlist campaign known as the Expedición Real. September 26–October 9 – The destructive "Racer's hurricane" sweeps across the Caribbean, northeastern Mexico, the Republic of Texas and the Gulf Coast of the United States. September 28 – Samuel Morse files a caveat for a patent for the telegraph. October–December October 10–13 – The French army under Sylvain Charles Valée besieges and captures Constantine in French Algeria. October 30 – The Tsarskoye Selo Railway, the first in the Russian Empire, opens between Saint Petersburg Tsarskoselsky station and Zarskoje Selo (modern-day Pushkin), engineered by Franz Anton von Gerstner. October 31 – World's leading consumer goods brand, Procter & Gamble is founded in Ohio, United States. November 7 – American abolitionist and newspaper editor Elijah Lovejoy is killed by a pro-slavery mob, at his warehouse in Alton, Illinois. November 8 – Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, later Mount Holyoke College, is founded in South Hadley, Massachusetts. November 17 – An earthquake in Valdivia, south-central Chile, causes tsunamies that led to significant destruction along Japan's coast. November–December – In the Canadas, William Lyon Mackenzie leads the Upper Canada Rebellion, and Louis-Joseph Papineau leads the Lower Canada Rebellion. December 17 – Fire breaks out in the Winter Palace, in Saint Petersburg, Russia killing 30 guards December 29 – The Caroline Affair, on the Niagara River, becomes the basis for the Caroline test for anticipatory self-defence in international relations. Date unknown Louis Daguerre develops the daguerreotype. The 5th century B.C. Berlin Foundry Cup is acquired for the Antikensammlung Berlin in Germany. The Olney Friends School is founded in the Appalachian Mountains of the United States. The first electric locomotive built is a miniature battery locomotive constructed by chemist Robert Davidson of Aberdeen in Scotland, and powered by galvanic cells (batteries). Atlanta is fixed as the terminal of the Western and Atlantic Railroad; it is originally named Marthasville. Births January–June January 2 – Mily Balakirev, Russian composer (d. 1910) January 7 – Thomas Henry Ismay, English shipowner (White Star Line) (d. 1899) February 5 Dwight L. Moody, American evangelist (d. 1899) Edward Miner Gallaudet, American educator of the deaf (d. 1917) February 13 – Valentin Zubiaurre, Spanish composer (d. 1914) February 20 – Samuel Swett Green, American librarian, advocate (d. 1918) February 24 – Nakamuta Kuranosuke,