pile and charcoal enclosed in a vacuum, Davy gave the first public demonstration of the electric arc lamp in 1809. Steam transportation started to become viable during this decade. In 1803, William Symington's Charlotte Dundas, generally considered to be the world's first practical steamboat, made her first voyage. Later, in 1807, Robert Fulton's North River Steamboat, the world's first commercially successful steamboat, made her maiden voyage. In 1801, Richard Trevithick ran a full-sized steam 'road locomotive' on the road in Camborne, England, followed by his 10-seater London Steam Carriage in 1803. In 1804, Trevithick built a prototype steam-powered railway locomotive. The first railway began operating during this time. The Surrey Iron Railway in Great Britain was established by the British Parliament in 1801, and began operation on 26 July 1803. The railway relied on horse-drawn haulage than powered locomotives. In 1807, Isaac de Rivas made a hydrogen gas-powered vehicle, the first vehicle powered by an internal combustion engine. James Watt creates first steam engine based on Newcomen's design. Astronomy The first known asteroids are discovered in this decade: Ceres (January 1, 1801). Ceres is reclassified as a dwarf planet in 2006. Pallas (March 28, 1802) Juno (September 1, 1804) Vesta (March 29, 1807) Other advances Invention of the Jacquard loom in 1801. Ultraviolet radiation is discovered by Johann Wilhelm Ritter in 1801. Flag semaphore is gradually adopted by various navies of the world. Morphine is isolated from opium for the first time in 1804. Nicolas Appert develops a method to preserve food by means of canning in 1809. John Dalton publishes his atomic theory 1803. Culture The end of the Enlightenment following the beginning of the Romantic era in the next decade. Music Ludwig van Beethoven's Symphony No. 1 premiers in Vienna in 1800. Bach's Sonatas and partitas for solo violin are published by Bote and Bock in 1802. Symphony No. 3 'Eroica' by Ludwig van Beethoven is completed in 1804. Fidelio by Ludwig van Beethoven is completed in 1805. Fourth Piano Concerto and Violin Concerto by Ludwig van Beethoven are completed in 1806. La Vestale by Gaspare Spontini is completed in 1807. Beethoven completes both his 5th Symphony and 6th Symphony "Pastoral" in 1808. Fashion Fashion in this period in European and European-influenced countries saw the final triumph of undress or informal styles over the brocades, lace, periwig, and powder of the earlier eighteenth century. Fashionable women's clothing styles