John Marmaduke, into the northwestern Boston Mountains of Arkansas. Notts County F.C. is founded in Nottingham, England, making it (by the 21st century) the world's oldest professional Association football team. December – Peruvian slave raiders land on Easter Island, beginning a decade of the destruction of the society and population on the island. December 1 – In his State of the Union address, President Abraham Lincoln reaffirms the necessity of ending slavery, as he ordered ten weeks earlier in his Emancipation Proclamation. December 2 – The first United States Navy hospital ships enter service. December 12 – American Civil War: Yazoo Pass Expedition – Union ironclad gunboat is sunk by a remotely-detonated "torpedo" (naval mine) while clearing mines from the Yazoo River, the first armored ship sunk by mine. December 13 – American Civil War: Battle of Fredericksburg – The Union Army suffers massive casualties and abandons its attempts to capture the Confederate capital city of Richmond, Virginia. December 17 – American Civil War: General Order No. 11, which expels all Jews from his military district, is issued by General Ulysses S. Grant. This order is rescinded just a few weeks later. December 26 – William D. Duley hangs 38 Dakota Sioux Indians in Minnesota. December 26–29 – American Civil War: Battle of Chickasaw Bayou – Another victory for the Confederate Army, outnumbered two to one, results in six times as many Union casualties, defeating several assaults commanded by Union general William T. Sherman. December 30 – sinks in a storm in the Atlantic, off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. December 31 – American Civil War: U.S. President Abraham Lincoln signs an act that admits West Virginia to the Union, thus dividing Virginia into two. The Battle of Stones River opens near Murfreesboro, Tennessee. Date unknown Anglo-Indian teacher Anna Leonowens accepts an offer made by the Siamese consul in Singapore, Tan Kim Ching, to teach the wives and children of Mongkut, the King of Siam. Donald McIntyre builds a settlement in northwest Queensland (Australia) which becomes the town of Julia Creek (named after his niece). Iwai Fumisuke Shoten (岩井文助商店), predecessor of Japanese conglomerate Sojitz, is founded in Osaka. Japanese construction company Satō Kōgyō is founded in Toyama as Satō-gumi. Births January–March January 9 – Carrie Clark Ward, American silent film actress (d. 1926) January 14 – Carrie Derick, Canadian botanist and geneticist (d. 1941) January 15 – Loie Fuller, American dancer