James Moore Wayne, American politician, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1867) Deaths January 5 – Jacob Christian Schäffer, German inventor, botanist and professor (b. 1718) January 13 – Luc Urbain de Bouëxic, comte de Guichen, French admiral (b. 1712) January 15 – John Landen, English mathematician (b. 1719) January 20 – John Howard (prison reformer), English philanthropist (b. 1726) January 25 – Meriwether Smith, American Continental Congressman for Virginia (b. 1730) January 31 – Thomas Lewis, Irish-born Virginia settler (b. 1718) February 5 – William Cullen, Scottish physician, chemist (b. 1710) February 15– Juan Albano Pereira Márquez, godfather and tutor of Bernardo O'Higgins (b. 1728) February 18 – Elisabeth of Württemberg, Archduchess of Austria (b. 1767) February 20 Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1741) Leonard Lispenard, American politician (b. 1714) March 4 – Henry Wisner, American Continental Congressman for New York (b. 1720) March 12 András Hadik, Austro-Hungarian general (b. 1710) William Grayson, American Continental Congressman and United States Senator for Virginia (b. 1740) April 6 – Ludwig IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (b. 1719) April 17 – Benjamin Franklin, American scientist, statesman (b. 1706) April 29 – Charles-Nicolas Cochin, French artist (b. 1715) May 4 – Matthew Tilghman, American Continental Congressman for Maryland (b. 1718) May 9 – William Clingan, American Continental Congressman for Pennsylvania (b. c.1721) May 16 – Philip Yorke, 2nd Earl of Hardwicke, English politician (b. 1720) May 20 – Nathan Miller, American Continental Congressman for Rhode Island (b. 1743) May 21 – Thomas Warton, English poet (b. 1728) May 23 – George Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu (b. 1712) May 26 – Nathaniel Folsom, American Continental Congressman for New Hampshire and Revolutionary War major general (b. 1726) May 29 – Israel Putnam, American Revolutionary War general (b. 1718) June 1 – Theodorick Bland, American Continental Congressman and U.S. Representative for Virginia (b. 1741) June 25 – Lovisa Augusti, Swedish opera singer (b. 1756) July 3 – Jean-Baptiste L. Romé de l'Isle, French chemist (b. 1736) July 6 – George Augustus Eliott, 1st Baron Heathfield, British army officer (b. 1717) July 7 – François Hemsterhuis, Dutch philosopher (b. 1721) July 14 – Ernst Gideon von Laudon, Austrian field marshal (b. 1717) July 17 – Adam Smith, Scottish economist, philosopher (b. 1723) July 25 Johann Bernhard Basedow, German educational reformer (b. 1723) William Livingston, Governor of New Jersey (1776-1790) (b. 1723)