a Scottish army. December 14 – Mary, Queen of Scots, aged six days, becomes queen regnant on the death of her father, James V of Scotland. Date unknown The first contact of Japan with the West occurs when a Portuguese ship, blown off its course to China, lands Fernão Mendes Pinto, Francisco Zeimoto and António Mota in Japan. (some sources say 1543). Pope Paul III establishes the Holy Office, with jurisdiction over the Roman Inquisition. Bartolomé de las Casas completes A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies, which will be published in 1552. Births February 1 – John Scudamore, English politician (d. 1623) February 22 – Santino Garsi da Parma, Italian musician (d. 1604) March 19 – Jan Zamoyski, Polish nobleman (d. 1605) April 29 – Henry III, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels (d. 1587) May 5 – Thomas Cecil, 1st Earl of Exeter, English politician (d. 1623) May 11 – Jakob Christoph Blarer von Wartensee, Swiss Catholic bishop (d. 1608) May 16 – Anna Sibylle of Hanau-Lichtenberg, German noblewoman, daughter of Count Philip IV of Hanau-Lichtenberg (d. 1580) June 15 – Richard Grenville, English politician (d. 1591) June 24 – John of the Cross, Spanish Carmelite mystic, theologian, poet (d. 1591) July 25 – Magnus, Duke of Östergötland, Swedish prince (d. 1595) August 18 – Charles Neville, 6th Earl of Westmorland (d. 1601) August 27 – John Frederick, Duke of Pomerania and Protestant Bishop of Cammin (d. 1600) August 31 – Isabella de' Medici, Italian princess (d. 1576) September 25 – Elisabeth of Nassau-Dillenburg, sister of William the Silent (d. 1603) October 1 – Álvaro de Mendaña de Neira, Spanish explorer (d. 1595) October 4 – Robert Bellarmine, Italian saint (d. 1621) October 14 – Philip IV, Count of Nassau-Weilburg (d. 1602) October 15 – Akbar, Mughal Emperor (d. 1605) October 31 – Henriette of Cleves, Duchess of Nevers, Countess of Rethel (d. 1601) November 1 – Tarquinia Molza, Italian singer (d. 1617) November 9 – Anders Sørensen Vedel, Danish historian (d. 1616) November 11 – Scipione Gonzaga, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1593) December 8 – Mary, Queen of Scots (d. 1587) December 21 – Thomas Allen, English mathematician and astrologer (d. 1632) date unknown Joris Hoefnagel, Dutch painter and engraver (d. 1601) Toda Kazuaki, Japanese samurai in the service of Tokugawa Ieyasu (d. 1604) Douglas Sheffield, Baroness Sheffield, lover of Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester (d. 1608)