resigns his judicial office. He enters Lesnes Abbey (near London) that he founded in Kent, as penance for his part in the events leading to the murder of Thomas Becket (see 1170). Richard dies there on July 14. Africa September 17 – A large offensive, by the Almohad army led by Yusuf I in southern Portugal, aims at the reconquest of the Alentejo. Further north, an Almohad fleet sails to attack Lisbon, but is repelled by the Portuguese, near the Cape Espichel. The Portuguese fleet later manages to enter in the harbor of Ceuta, and destroy a number of Muslim ships. It is the beginning of a four-year naval conflict between the Almohads and Portuguese. Asia Taira no Kiyomori, Japanese military leader, confines the former Emperor Go-Shirakawa to his quarters after discovering that he has tried to confiscate the estates of Kiyomori's deceased children. Mesoamerica The Maya city Chichen Itza is sacked and burned by Hunac Ceel, ruler of Mayapan (approximate date). By topic Religion March – Third Council of the Lateran: Alexander III condemns Waldensians and Cathars as heretics. He institutes a reformation of clerical life and creates the first "ghettos" for Jews. In order to prevent future schisms, the pope must receive ⅔ of the cardinals' votes to be elected. September 17 – Hildegard of Bingen, German abbess and polymath, dies at Rupertsberg. Having founded two monasteries, she has also written theological, botanical, and medicinal texts. Westminster School is founded by Benedictine monks of Westminster Abbey (by papal command) in England. The Drigung Kagyu school of Kagyu Buddhism is founded (approximate date). Births April 4 – Fariduddin Ganjshakar, Indian preacher (d. 1266) May 13 – Theobald III, count of Champagne (d. 1201) May 17 – Ogasawara Nagatsune, Japanese warrior (d. 1247) Constance of Aragon, Holy Roman Empress (d. 1222) Donatus of Ripacandida, Italian monk and saint (d. 1198) John of Ibelin, constable and lord of Beirut (d. 1236) Konoe Iezane, Japanese nobleman and monk (d. 1243) Serapion of Algiers, English priest and martyr (d. 1240) Snorri Sturluson, Icelandic historian and poet (d. 1241) William IV (Talvas), Norman nobleman (d. 1221) Yaqut al-Hamawi, Arab geographer and writer (d. 1229) Deaths February 25 – Adelelm, English Lord High Treasurer April 22 – Humphrey II, constable and lord of Toron (b. 1117) June 18 – Erling Skakke, Norwegian nobleman (b. 1115) July 14 – Richard de Luci, Norman High Sheriff (b.