playwright, and painter (d. 1912) February 13 – Lord Randolph Churchill, British statesman (d. 1895) February 18 – Alexander Kielland, Norwegian author (d. 1906) February 19 – Giovanni Passannante, Italian anarchist (d. 1910) March 6 – Georg Luger, Austrian firearm designer (d. 1923) March 7 – Luther Burbank, American biologist, botanist (d. 1926) March 10 – Hallie Quinn Brown, African-American educator, writer and activist (d. 1949) March 19 – Alfred von Tirpitz, German admiral (d. 1930) March 24 – Franz S. Exner, Austrian physicist (d. 1926) April 6 – John William Waterhouse, Italian-born British artist (d. 1917) April 20 – Nikolai Nebogatov, Russian admiral (d. 1922) April 21 – Oscar Hertwig, German zoologist (d. 1922) April 24 – Emma Whitcomb Babcock, American litterateur and author (d. 1926) Helen Taggart Clark, American journalist and poet (unknown year of death) Joseph Gallieni, French general (d. 1916) April 25 – Felix Klein, German mathematician (d. 1925) April 28 – Augusto Aubry, Italian admiral, politician (d. 1912) May 1 – Kamimura Hikonojō, Japanese admiral (d. 1916) May 3 Bertha Benz, German automotive pioneer (d. 1944) Bernhard von Bülow, 8th Chancellor of Germany (d. 1929) May 19 – John Hubbard, American admiral (d. 1932) May 22 Louis Perrier, member of the Swiss Federal Council (d. 1913) Sir Aston Webb, British architect (d. 1930) May 23 – Károly Khuen-Héderváry, 2-time prime minister of Hungary (d. 1918) May 27 – Alzina Stevens, American labor leader, social reformer, and editor (d. 1900) June 9 – Michael Ancher, Danish painter (d. 1927) June 29 – Pedro Montt, 14th president of Chile (d. 1910) July–December July 4 Fernand de Langle de Cary, French general (d. 1927) Vladimir Vasilyevich Smirnov, Russian general (d. 1918) July 7 – Marguerite Moore, Irish-Catholic orator, patriot, activist (d. unknown) July 22 – Emma Lazarus, American author and activist (d. 1887) July 29 Max Nordau, Austrian author, philosopher and Zionist leader (d. 1923) Edward Theodore Compton, English-German painter and mountain climber (d. 1921) August 28 – Benjamin Godard, French composer (d. 1895) September 2 – Emma Curtis Hopkins, American spiritual writer (d. 1925) September 3 – Sarah Orne Jewett, American writer (d. 1909) September 11 – Sir Edmund Poë, British admiral (d. 1921) September 12 – Alexander von Krobatin, Austro-Hungarian field marshal and politician (d. 1933) September 14 – Ivan Pavlov, Russian physiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1936) September 18