Events January–March January 8 – Miles Sindercombe and his group of disaffected Levellers are betrayed, in their attempt to assassinate Oliver Cromwell, by blowing up the Palace of Whitehall in London, and arrested. February 4 – Oliver Cromwell gives Antonio Fernandez Carvajal the assurance of the right of Jews to remain in England. February 23 – In England, the Humble Petition and Advice offers Lord Protector Cromwell the crown. March 2 – The Great Fire of Meireki in Edo, Japan, destroys most of the city and damages Edo Castle, killing an estimated 100,000 people. March 23 – Anglo-Spanish War (1654–60): By the Treaty of Paris, France and England form an alliance against Spain; England will receive Dunkirk. April–June April 20 In the Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife during the Anglo-Spanish War, English Admiral Robert Blake attempts to seize a Spanish treasure fleet. The Jews of New Amsterdam (later New York) are granted freedom of religion, as full citizens. May 8 – Lord Protector Cromwell confirms his refusal of the crown of England, preferring the title "Lord Protector". June 1 King Frederick III of Denmark signs a manifesto, de facto declaring war on Sweden. The first eleven Quaker settlers arrive in New Amsterdam (later New York), and are allowed to practice their faith. July–September July 13 – Following his refusal to take the oath of allegiance to Oliver Cromwell, English army leader John Lambert is ordered to resign his commissions. August 20 – The ship Les Armes d'Amsterdam arrives at Quebec, New France. Among the passengers is Michel Mathieu Brunet dit Lestang (1638–1708), colonist, explorer and co-discoverer of what is today Green Bay, Wisconsin. He is the ancestor of the Brunet, Lestang and Carisse families of North America. September 19 – Brandenburg and Poland sign the Treaty of Wehlau. September 24 – The first autopsy and coroner's jury verdict are recorded in the Colony of Maryland. September – Shah Jahan becomes ill, allowing his son to take control of the Mughal Empire. October–December October 1 – Treaty of Raalte: William III, Prince of Orange is no longer stadtholder of Overijssel. October 3 – French troops occupy Mardyck. November 6 – Brandenburg and Poland sign the Treaty of Bromberg. November 10 – Christina, former Queen of Sweden, has Gian Rinaldo Monaldeschi killed in her presence, at the Palace of Fontainebleau. December 27 – The Flushing Remonstrance is signed in New Amsterdam,