and Ireland from King James II of England. November 15 (November 5 OS) – The Glorious Revolution begins: William of Orange lands at Torbay, England with a multinational force of 15,000 mercenaries. He makes no claim to the British Crown, saying only that he has come to save Protestantism and to maintain English liberty, and begins a march on London. November 19 (November 9 OS) – William of Orange captures Exeter, after the magistrates flee the city. November 20 (November 10 OS) – The Wincanton Skirmish between forces loyal to James II led by Patrick Sarsfield and a party of Dutch troops is one of the few armed clashes in England during the Glorious Revolution. November 23 – A group of 1,500 Old Believers immolate themselves to avoid capture, when troops of the tsar lay siege to their monastery on Lake Onega. November 26 – Hearing that William of Orange has landed in England, Louis XIV declares war on the Netherlands. Perhaps revealingly, he does not attack the Netherlands, but instead strikes at the heart of the Holy Roman Empire, with about 100,000 soldiers. The Nine Years' War begins in Europe and America. December 7 – The gates of Derry are shut in front of the Jacobite Earl of Antrim and his "redshanks". This initiates the siege of Derry, which is the first major event in the Williamite War in Ireland. December 9 – The Battle of Reading takes place in Reading, Berkshire. It is the only substantial military action in England during the Glorious Revolution and ends in a decisive victory for forces loyal to William of Orange. December 11 – Having led his army to Salisbury and been deserted by his troops, James VII and II attempts to flee to France. December 18 – William of Orange, Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic and the future King William III of the United Kingdom, enters London. Date unknown The Austrians incite the Chiprovtsi Uprising against the Ottomans in Bulgaria. Edward Lloyd opens the London coffee house that soon becomes a popular meeting place for shipowners, merchants, insurance brokers and underwriters. In time the business association they form will outgrow the coffee house premises, and become Lloyd's of London. Neuruppin becomes a Prussian garrison town. Johann Weikhard von Valvasor becomes a member of the Royal Society. Antonio Verrio begins work on the Heaven Room at Burghley House. The earliest known mention