December 27 – Helen Frankenthaler, American abstract expressionist painter (b. 1928) Nobel Prizes Chemistry – Dan Shechtman Economics – Christopher A. Sims and Thomas J. Sargent Literature – Tomas Tranströmer Peace – Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Leymah Gbowee and Tawakkol Karman Physics – Saul Perlmutter, Adam Riess, and Brian Schmidt Physiology or Medicine – Bruce Beutler, Jules A. Hoffmann, and Ralph M. Steinman New English words blockchain See also References