The Turku Cathedral was consecrated in Turku. 1300: Sri Rajahmura Lumaya, known in his shortened name Sri Lumay, a half-Tamil and half Malay minor prince of the Chola dynasty in Sumatra established the Indianized Rajahnate of Cebu in Cebu Island on the Philippine Archipelago. Inventions, discoveries, introductions Early 13th century – Xia Gui paints Twelve Views from a Thatched Hut, during the Southern Song dynasty (now in Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, Missouri). The motet form originates out of the Ars antiqua tradition of Western European music. Manuscript culture develops out of this time period in cities in Europe, which denotes a shift from monasteries to cities for books. Pecia system of copying books develops in Italian university-towns and was taken up by the University of Paris in the middle of the century. Wooden movable type printing invented by Chinese governmental minister Wang Zhen in 1298. The earliest known rockets, landmines, and handguns are made by the Chinese for use in warfare. The Chinese adopt the windmill from the Islamic world. Guan ware vase is made, Southern Song dynasty. It is now kept at Percival David Foundation of Chinese Art, London. 1250 – Cliff Palace, Mesa Verde, and other Ancestral Pueblo architectural complexes reach their apex 1280s – Eyeglasses are invented in Venice, Italy. According to mainstream history. Late 13th century – Night Attack on the Sanjo Palace is made during the Kamakura period. It is now kept at Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Late 13th century – Descent of the Amida Trinity, raigo triptych, is made, Kamakura period. It is now kept at the Art Institute of Chicago. The Neo-Aramaic languages begin to develop during the course of the century. See also Christianity in the 13th century References External links 2nd millennium Centuries