of Glücksburg and changes his title to Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg. The line of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg later becomes the royal house of Greece, Denmark and Norway. The U.S. Senate ratifies treaties with the Cheyenne tribe. July 16 – The U.S. Senate ratifies treaties with the Hunkpapa tribe. July 18 – The U.S. Senate ratifies treaties with the Ricara tribes. July 30 Malden Island (an uninhabited island in the central Pacific Ocean) is discovered by George Byron, 7th Baron Byron. The U.S. Senate ratifies treaties with the Mandan, Belantae, Eloa and Minnetaree tribes. August 4 – The U.S. Senate ratifies treaties with the Ricara tribes. August 6 – Bolivia gains its independence from Spain as a republic, at the instigation of Simón Bolívar. August 11 – The U.S. Senate ratifies treaties with the Crow tribe. August 18 – Scottish adventurer Gregor MacGregor issues a £300,000 loan with 2.5% interest, through the London bank of Thomas Jenkins & Company, for the fictitious Central American republic of Poyais. His actions lead to the Panic of 1825, the first modern stock market crash, in England. August 22 – The National Mexican Rite is created in Mexico City. August 25 – Uruguay is declared independent of the Empire of Brazil by the Thirty-Three Orientals, a militant revolutionary group led by Juan Antonio Lavalleja. September – The Lady Margaret Boat Club is founded by 12 members of St John's College, Cambridge. September 25 – General Hendrik Merkus de Kock lifts the siege of Jogjakarta, the first major action of the Java War. September 26 – The U.S. Senate ratifies treaties with the Missouri and Ottoe tribes. September 27 – The world's first modern railway, the Stockton and Darlington Railway, opens in England. September 30 – The U.S. Senate ratifies treaties with the Pawnee tribe. October–December October 7 – The Miramichi Fire, a forest fire, breaks out in New Brunswick (Canada). October 21 – PS Comet II sinks off Gourock (Scotland) with the loss of 62 lives. October 26 – The Erie Canal opens, providing passage from Albany, New York to Buffalo and Lake Erie. November 7 – The U.S. Senate ratifies the treaty with the Shawnee tribe. November 15 – King Joao VI of Portugal promulgates a law recognizing his eldest son, Dom Pedro, as the Emperor of Brazil. December 1 (November 19 O.S.) – Nicholas I of Russia succeeds his older brother Alexander I. December