Year 1564 (MDLXIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June January 26 – Livonian War – Battle of Ula: A Lithuanian surprise attack results in a decisive defeat of the numerically superior Russian forces. March 25 – Battle of Angol in Chile: Spanish Conquistador Lorenzo Bernal del Mercado defeats and kills the toqui Illangulién. June 22 – French settlers abandon Charlesfort, the first French attempt at colonizing what is now the United States, and establish Fort Caroline in Florida. July–December July – English merchant Anthony Jenkinson returns to London from his second expedition to the Grand Duchy of Moscow, having gained a considerable extension of trading rights for the English Muscovy Company. September 4 – The Ronneby Bloodbath takes place in Ronneby, Denmark (now in Sweden). September 10 – Battle of Kawanakajima in Japan: Takeda Shingen fights the forces of Uesugi Kenshin for the final time, to a draw. November 21 – Spanish Conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi sails from Mexico. Later, he will conquer the Philippine Islands, founding Manila. Date unknown First recorded report of a 'rat king'. approx. date – Idris Alooma starts to rule the Kanem-Bornu Empire. The first Scottish Psalter is published. Births January 1 – Šurhaci, Chinese prince (d. 1611) February 15 – Galileo Galilei, Italian astronomer and physicist (d. 1642) February 26 (baptized) – Christopher Marlowe, English dramatist and poet (d. 1593) March 7 – Pierre Coton, French Jesuit and royal confessor (d. 1626) March 9 – David Fabricius, Frisian astronomer (d. 1617) March 15 – William Augustus, Duke of Brunswick-Harburg (d. 1642) March 20 – Thomas Morton, English bishop (d. 1659) April 2 – William Bathe, Irish Jesuit priest (d. 1614) April 26 (baptized) – William Shakespeare, English dramatist and poet (d. 1616) April 27 – Henry Percy, 9th Earl of Northumberland (d. 1632) April 30 – Francis Hay, 9th Earl of Erroll, Scottish noble (d. 1631) May 27 – Margherita Gonzaga, Duchess of Ferrara, Italian noble, patron of the arts (d. 1618) June 11 – Joseph Heintz the Elder, Swiss artist (d. 1609) June 12 – John Casimir, Duke of Saxe-Coburg (d. 1633) June 28 – Cort Aslakssøn, Norwegian astronomer (d. 1624) July 6 – Johanna Sibylla of Hanau-Lichtenberg, Countess consort of Wied-Runkel and Isenburg (d. 1636) August 18 – Federico Borromeo, Cardinal Archbishop of Milan (d. 1631) August 24