AC Cobra makes its first appearance at the 24 Hours of Le Mans. It will go on to win its class the following year. June 16 – Vostok 6 carries Soviet cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova, the first woman into space. June 19 – Valentina Tereshkova the first woman in space, returns to Earth, landing in the Soviet Union. June 20 Establishment of the Moscow–Washington hotline (officially, the Direct Communications Link or DCL; unofficially, the "red telephone"; and in fact a teleprinter link) is authorized by signing of a Memorandum of Understanding in Geneva by representatives of the Soviet Union and the United States. Swedish Air Force Colonel Stig Wennerström is arrested as a spy for the Soviet Union. June 21 – Pope Paul VI (Giovanni Battista Montini) succeeds Pope John XXIII as the 262nd pope. June 26 John F. Kennedy gives his "Ich bin ein Berliner" speech in West Berlin, Germany. David Ben-Gurion is replaced by Levi Eshkol as prime minister of Israel. July July 1 – ZIP codes are introduced by the United States Postal Service. July 5 – Diplomatic relations between the Israeli and the Japanese governments are raised to embassy level. July 7 – Double Seven Day scuffle: Secret police loyal to Ngô Đình Nhu, brother of President Ngô Đình Diệm, attack American journalists including Peter Arnett and David Halberstam at a demonstration during the Buddhist crisis in South Vietnam. July 11 – South Africa: police raid Liliesleaf Farm to the north of Johannesburg, arresting a group of African National Congress leaders. July 19 – American test pilot Joe Walker, flying the X-15, reaches an altitude of 65.8 miles (105.9 kilometers), making it a sub-orbital spaceflight by recognized international standards. July 26 An earthquake in Skopje, Yugoslavia (present-day North Macedonia) leaves 1,800 dead. NASA launches Syncom 2, the world's first geostationary (synchronous) satellite. July 30 – The Soviet newspaper Izvestia reports that British diplomat and double agent Kim Philby has been given asylum in Moscow. August August 5 – The United States, United Kingdom and Soviet Union sign the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. August 8 – The Great Train Robbery takes place in Buckinghamshire, England. August 14 – A huge and devastating forest fire hits the region around Paraná State, Brazil. According to government documents, two million hectares (4.94 million acres) were lost to burning and 110 persons perished. August 15 – Trois Glorieuses: President Fulbert Youlou