Army and much incriminating evidence of the atrocities committed there is found. July 25 – WWII: Operation Spring: One of the bloodiest days for Canadian forces during the war results in 1,550 casualties, including 450 killed, during the Normandy Campaign. Battle of Tannenberg Line (or "Battle of the Blue Hills") in northeastern Estonia begins: The Red Army will gain a Pyrrhic victory by August 10. July 26 – WWII: A Messerschmitt Me 262 becomes the first jet fighter aircraft to have an operational victory. July 31 – WWII: American submarine torpedoes Japanese troop transport Yoshino Maru; 2,495 drown. August August 1 – WWII: The Warsaw Uprising begins. August 2 – WWII: Turkey ends diplomatic and economic relations with Germany. The First Assembly of ASNOM (the Anti-Fascist Assembly for the People's Liberation of Macedonia) is held in the Prohor Pčinjski monastery. August 3 – The Education Act in the United Kingdom, promoted by Rab Butler, creates a Tripartite system of education in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. August 4 – WWII: The Holocaust: A tip from a Dutch informer leads the Gestapo to a sealed-off area in an Amsterdam warehouse, where they find Jewish diarist Anne Frank, her family, and others in hiding. All will die in captivity, except for Otto Frank, Anne's father. The Finnish Parliament, by derogation, elects Marshal C. G. E. Mannerheim as President of Finland to replace Risto Ryti, who has resigned. August 5 – WWII: The Warsaw Uprising: The Wola massacre begins. Between now and August 12, 40,000 to 50,000 Polish civilians will be indiscriminately massacred by occupying SS troops. The Holocaust: Polish insurgents liberate a German labor camp in Warsaw, freeing 348 Jewish prisoners. Cowra breakout: Over 500 Japanese prisoners of war attempt a mass breakout from the Cowra camp in Australia. In the ensuing manhunt, 231 Japanese escapees and four Australian soldiers are killed. August 7 – IBM dedicates the first program-controlled calculator, the Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (known best as the Harvard Mark I). August 9 – The United States Forest Service and the Wartime Advertising Council release the first posters featuring Smokey Bear. August 12 – WWII: The Allies capture Florence, Italy. Operation Pluto: The world's first undersea oil pipeline is laid between England and France. August 15 – WWII: Operation Dragoon lands Allies in southern France. The U.S. 45th Infantry Division participates in its fourth assault landing at Sainte-Maxime, spearheading the