of Konya: The Egyptians defeat the main Ottoman army in central Anatolia. December 23 – The Siege of Antwerp ends with the Dutch garrison losing the citadel. December 28 – John C. Calhoun becomes the first Vice President of the United States to resign. Date unknown George Catlin starts to live among the Sioux in the Dakota Territory. The first Baedeker guidebook, Voyage du Rhin de Mayence à Cologne, is published in Koblenz. Publication begins (posthumously) of Carl von Clausewitz's Vom Kriege ("On War"). The City of Buffalo in New York is incorporated. The Cumberland and Oxford Canal connects the largest lakes of southern Maine with the seaport of Portland, Maine. Global watch brand Longines is founded in Switzerland. The first commutator DC electric motor, capable of turning machinery, is demonstrated by William Sturgeon in London. Births January–June January 1 – Tom Jeffords, US Army scout and Indian agent (d. 1914) January 4 – Sir George Tryon, British admiral (d. 1893) January 6 – Gustave Doré, French painter, sculptor (d. 1883) January 13 – Horatio Alger, Jr., American Unitarian minister, author (d. 1899) January 23 – Édouard Manet, French painter (d. 1883) January 26 – George Shiras Jr., Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1924) January 27 – Lewis Carroll, English author (d. 1898) January 28 – Sir Charles Gough, British general, Victoria Cross recipient (d. 1912) January 28 – T. Muthuswamy Iyer, Lawyer, first Indian Judge of the Madras high court (d. 1895) February 9 – Adele Spitzeder, German actress, folk singer and confidence trickster (d. 1895) February 18 – Octave Chanute, French-American engineer, aviation pioneer (d. 1910) April 3 – James Sewall Reed, American soldier (d. 1864) April 5 – Jules Ferry, French premier (d. 1893) April 8 – Howell Edmunds Jackson, American politician, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1895) April 14 – Wilhelm Busch, German humorist, poet, illustrator and painter (d. 1908) April 15 – John Irwin, American admiral (d. 1901) April 19 José Echegaray, Spanish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1916) Lucretia Garfield, First Lady of the United States (d. 1918) May 14 – Charles Peace, English criminal (d. 1879) May 21 – Hudson Taylor, English founder of the China Inland Mission (d. 1905) May 22 – Laura Gundersen, Norwegian actor (d. 1898) May 27 – Alexandr Aksakov, Russian writer (d. 1903) June 9 –