(as in Spanish negro) to highly racist (as in Finnish Neekeri). Examples of related words in other languages include: Dutch: ('Negro') used to be neutral, but many now consider it to be avoided in favor of ('Black'). ('little black one') can be amicably or offensively used. is always pejorative. Finnish: ('Negro/nigger'), as a loan word ('Neger') from the Swedish language appeared for the first time in a book published in 1771. The use of the Finnish equivalent ('neekeri') began in the late 19th century. Until the 1980s, it was commonly used and generally not yet considered derogatory, although a few instances of it being considered to be so have been documented since the 1950s; by the mid-1990s the word was considered racist, especially in the metropolitan area and among the younger population. It has since then usually been replaced by the metonym 'musta' ('Black [person]'). In a survey conducted in 2000, Finnish respondents considered the term 'Neekeri' to be among the most offensive of minority designations. French: is now considered derogatory. Although was the standard term for a ghostwriter, it has largely been supplanted by . Some white Frenchmen have the surname . The word can still be used as a synonym of "sweetheart" in some traditional Louisiana French creole songs. German: is dated and now considered offensive. ('Black [person]') or ("colored [person]") is more neutral. Haitian Creole: is used for any man in general, regardless of skin color (like dude in American English). Haitian Creole derives predominantly from French. Italian has three variants: , and . The first one is the most historically attested and was the most commonly used until the 1960s as an equivalent of the English word "negro". It was gradually felt as offensive during the 1970s and replaced with and . was considered a better translation of the English word black, while is a loan translation of the English word colored. Portuguese: and are neutral; nevertheless can be offensive or at least "politically incorrect" and is almost never proudly used by Afro-Brazilians. and are always extremely pejorative. Russian: the word негр () has been commonly used to describe Black people. It can also be used as a synonym for underpaid worker, "литературный негр" ('literaturny negr') means ghostwriter. () means a negro child. For example, the mystery novel And Then There Were None by Agatha Christie, originally called Ten Little Niggers, is known in Russia as