Rus; the princes come to an agreement to share the country between them. Sviatopolk II of Kiev becomes the first Grand Prince. September 16 – Battle of Malagon: The Almoravid army defeats the Castellan troops. September 23 – Anselm, archbishop of Canterbury returns from exile, at the invitation of Henry I. October 18 – Peter I of Aragon conquers Barbastro (modern Spain) from the hands of the Almoravids. November 11 – Henry I marries Matilda of Scotland, the daughter of King Malcolm III and a direct descendant of the Saxon king Edmund Ironside. Henry I grants the ownership of Carisbrooke Castle on the Isle of Wight to Richard de Redvers, a Norman nobleman. November 18 – The Council of Poitiers opens, but is soon forcibly closed by William IX, duke of Aquitaine, as the bishops were about to excommunicate King Philip I once more. December 25 – Philip I elevates his son Louis VI as co-ruler to the government of the realm. In Iceland, the Althing decides that the laws should be transferred to a written form (approximate date). Intense urban activity in north and central Europe: Kalmar (Kungälv) and Varberg (Sweden) are chartered; The cities of Aach (southern Germany) and Nakléřov in Bohemia are created. The castle of Burg Eppstein is built in central Germany. Philip I conquers the Vexin area, and adds the city of Bourges and the province of Berry to his estate. Africa Tuareg traders establish the city of Timbuktu (modern Mali) north of Djenné along the Niger River. Timbuktu will later achieve fame as a center of Islamic learning. The Sankore, Djinguereber and Sidi Yahya mosques are among Timbuktu's most famous religious and scholarly institutions (approximate date). China February 23 – Emperor Zhe Zong dies after a 15-year reign. He is succeeded by his 17-year-old brother Hui Zong as ruler of the Song Dynasty. In Kaifeng, capital of the Song Dynasty, is the number of registered citizens within the walls about 1,050,000. The army stationed there boosts the overall populace to some 1.4 million people. The Liao Dynasty crushes the Zubu, a tribute state of the Khitan Empire, and takes their khan prisoner. The Chinese population reaches about 100 million during the Song Dynasty (approximate date). Americas Oraibi, a Hopi village in Navajo County, becomes the oldest populated settlement in modern-day Arizona (United States). The Ancestral Puebloans culture, located in the modern-day Four Corners (United