the Malvinas. February 8, 1826 – Unitarian Bernardino Rivadavia becomes the first President of Argentina. Chile February 6, 1820 – Lord Cochrane occupies Valdivia in the name of the Republic of Chile. September 4, 1821 – Chilean general José Miguel Carrera is executed by an Argentinian military tribunal in the city of Mendoza. Pacific Islands August 21, 1821 – Jarvis Island is discovered by the crew of the Eliza Frances. July 14, 1827 – Kingdom of Hawaii: The Diocese of Honolulu is founded. Economics and commerce 1821: High-quality cotton is introduced in Egypt. 1822 – Ashley's Hundred leave from St. Louis, setting off a major increase in fur trade. 1822 – Coffee is no longer banned in Sweden. 1824 – The construction of Fort Vancouver trading post started on the North shore of the lower Columbia River by the Hudson's Bay Company. Inauguration occurred the following year when Fort George was closed. August 18, 1825 – Gregor MacGregor issues a £300,000 loan with 2.5% interest through the London bank of Thomas Jenkins & Company. His actions lead to the Panic of 1825, the first modern stock market crash in London. Slavery, serfdom and labor March 3, 1820 and March 6, 1820 – Slavery in the United States: The Missouri Compromise becomes law. 1820: Robert Owen devises the labour voucher. 1820: 18,957 black slaves leave Luanda, Angola. 1828 – 32,000 Angolans are sold in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. June 5, 1829 – Slave trade: captures the armed slave ship Voladora off the coast of Cuba. Science and technology January 28, 1820 – A Russian expedition led by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev approaches the Antarctic coast (see History of Antarctica). January 30, 1820 – Edward Bransfield lands on the Antarctic mainland (see History of Antarctica). April 1820 – Hans Christian Ørsted discovers the relationship between electricity and magnetism. May 11, 1820 – (the ship that later takes young Charles Darwin on his scientific voyage) is launched. 1820: The 6th edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica appears. June 14, 1822 – Charles Babbage proposes a Difference engine. 1822 – Hieroglyphs are deciphered by Thomas Young and Jean-François Champollion, using the Rosetta Stone. 1822 – Galileo Galilei's Dialogue is taken off the Index Librorum Prohibitorum, the Roman Catholic Church's list of banned books. 1822 – The Graham Cracker is developed in Bound Brook, New Jersey by the Presbyterian minister Sylvester Graham.