script. Al-Hajjaj convinces Al-Walid I to adopt an Arab currency. China Emperor Xuan Zong forbids all commercial vendors and shops in the Chinese capital city of Chang'an to copy and sell Buddhist sutras, so that the emperor can give the clergy of the Buddhist monasteries the sole right to distribute written sutras to the laity. Summer – Xuan Zong makes his general Xue Ne de facto chancellor and commissions him, with a Chinese army (60,000 men), to attack the Khitans (Mongolia). Xue falls into a Khitan trap and the Tang forces are crushed, at an 80-90% casualty rate. Fall – Xue Ne repels a Tibetan invasion of the Lan Prefecture (modern Lanzhou). Xuan Zong creates Li Ying, his second son, crown prince of the Tang Dynasty. By topic Religion Rupert, bishop of Salzburg, founds Nonnberg Abbey in modern-day Austria. Births Al-Mansur, Muslim caliph (d. 775) Fujiwara no Nagate, Japanese nobleman (d. 771) Pepin the Short, king of the Franks (d. 768) Deaths September 5 – Shang, emperor of the Tang Dynasty December 16 – Pepin of Herstal, Mayor of the Palace Achila II, king of the Visigoths (approximate date) Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf, Arab governor (b. 661) Grimoald the Younger, Mayor of the Palace Guthlac of Crowland, Anglo-Saxon hermit Sa'id ibn Jubayr, Muslim scholar (b. 665) References