Mahe airport. Most of them escape by a commandeered Air India passenger jet; six are later arrested. December December 1 – An Inex-Adria Aviopromet McDonnell Douglas MD-80 strikes a mountain peak and crashes while approaching Ajaccio Airport in Corsica, killing all 180 people on board. December 4 – South Africa grants Ciskei independence, not recognized outside South Africa. December 7 – Rotary International charters the Rotary Club of Grand Baie, Mauritius. December 8 The No. 21 Mine explosion in Whitwell, Tennessee kills 13. Arthur Scargill becomes President-elect of the National Union of Mineworkers (Great Britain). December 10 – During the Ministerial Session of the North Atlantic Council in Brussels, Spain signs the Protocol of Accession to NATO. December 11 Boxing: Muhammad Ali loses to Trevor Berbick; this proves to be Ali's last-ever fight. El Mozote massacre: In El Salvador, army units kill 900 civilians. December 13 – Wojciech Jaruzelski declares martial law in Poland, to prevent the dismantling of the communist system by Solidarity. December 15 – 1981 Iraqi embassy bombing in Beirut: An Islamic Dawa Party car bomb destroys the Iraqi Embassy in Lebanon, killing 61 people in one of the earliest significant postwar suicide attacks. December 17 – American Brigadier General James L. Dozier is kidnapped in Verona by the Italian Red Brigades. December 20 – The Penlee lifeboat disaster: While attempting to rescue those on board the Union Star off the coast of South-West Cornwall (England), the lifeboat Solomon Browne is lost with all crew. Sixteen people in all are killed. December 28 – The first American test-tube baby, Elizabeth Jordan Carr, is born in Norfolk, Virginia. December 31 – A coup d'état in Ghana removes President Hilla Limann's PNP government and replaces it with the PNDC led by Flight Lieutenant Jerry Rawlings. Date unknown January to March – Heavy snow causes many houses and buildings to collapse in northwestern Japan; 152 are killed. Cuba suffers a major outbreak of dengue fever, with 344,203 cases. Use of crack cocaine, a smokeable form of the drug, first reported in the United States and Caribbean. Luxor AB presents the ABC 800 computer. Polybius, an urban legend game, is said to have been released in Portland, Oregon; there is no evidence for its existence. The State Council of the People's Republic of China lists the cities of Beijing, Hangzhou, Suzhou and Guilin as those where the protection of historical and