the town of Kagoshima in Japan in retribution, after the Namamugi Incident of 1862. August 16 – After Spain's annexation of the Dominican Republic, rebels raise the Dominican flag in Santiago to begin the Dominican Restoration War. August 17 – American Civil War: In Charleston, South Carolina, Union batteries and ships bombard Confederate-held Fort Sumter (the bombardment does not end until December 31). August 21 – American Civil War– Battle of Lawrence: Lawrence, Kansas, is attacked by William Quantrill's raiders, who kill an estimated 200 men and boys. The raid becomes notorious in the North as one of the most vicious atrocities of the Civil War. American clipper Anglo Saxon (westbound) is captured and burned by Confederate privateer Florida, off the south coast of Ireland. August 26 – The Swedish-language liberal newspaper Helsingfors Dagblad proposed the current blue-and-white cross flag as the flag of Finland. September – The Western Railroad from Fayetteville, North Carolina, to the coal fields of Egypt, North Carolina, is completed. September 6 – American Civil War: Confederates evacuate Battery Wagner and Morris Island, in South Carolina. September 19–20 – American Civil War – Battle of Chickamauga: Confederate forces turn back a Union invasion of Georgia. September 30 – Georges Bizet's opera Les pêcheurs de perles debuts, at the Théâtre Lyrique in Paris. October–December October 3 – U.S. President Abraham Lincoln proclaims a national Thanksgiving Day, to be celebrated on the final Thursday in November. October 5 – The Brooklyn, Bath and Coney Island Rail Road starts operations in Brooklyn, New York; this is now the oldest right-of-way on the New York City Subway, the largest rapid transit system in the United States, and one of the largest in the world. October 14 – American Civil War – Battle of Bristoe Station: Confederate General Robert E. Lee's forces fail to drive the Union army out of Virginia. October 15 – American Civil War: The Confederate submarine H. L. Hunley sinks during a test, killing Horace Lawson Hunley (its inventor) and a crew of seven. October 26–29 – The Resolutions of the Geneva International Conference are signed by sixteen countries meeting in Geneva agreeing to form the International Red Cross. October 29 – American Civil War – Battle of Wauhatchie: Forces under Union General Ulysses S. Grant, having fought through the night, ward off a Confederate attack led by General James Longstreet. Union forces thus open a supply