the Practice of Surgery. As a result, deaths from infections due to surgery greatly decrease. Gregor Mendel formulates Mendel's laws of inheritance, the basis for genetics, in a two-part paper written in 1865 and published in 1866, although it is largely ignored until 1900. Dmitri Mendeleev develops the modern periodic table Helium was first detected during the total solar eclipse of August 18, 1868, in parts of India. It was the first eclipse expedition in which a spectroscope was used. J. Norman Lockyer and Pierre Janssen are honored for their discovery of the nature of the Sun's prominences. They were the first to notice bright spectral emission lines when viewing the limb of the Sun without the aid of a total solar eclipse. 1862 International Exhibition in London, England and 1867 International Exposition in Paris. Establishments The Christian Mission, later renamed The Salvation Army, is co-founded by William and Catherine Booth in London, England in 1865. The London Fire Brigade was established in 1865. Florence Nightingale founds school for nurses in 1860. Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana, USA opens its doors on May 6, 1869, for the first time under a land grant from the Morrill Act. Popular culture Religion In Catholicism, reaction against higher criticism and the liberal movement in Europe The Seventh-day Adventist Church becomes officially established in 1863 in Battle Creek, Michigan. Bahá'u'lláh declares his station as "the One whom God shall make Manifest", in the Garden of Ridván, as foretold by the Báb. Baháʼís see this as the beginning date of the Baháʼí Faith. Literature and arts Victor Hugo publishes Les Misérables. Leo Tolstoy publishes War and Peace. Fyodor Dostoevsky publishes Crime and Punishment. Lewis Carroll publishes Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. Jules Verne publishes Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea. Impressionism went public. Charles Dickens publishes Great Expectations and Our Mutual Friend. George Eliot publishes the Silas Marner. Karl Marx publishes Das Kapital. Horatio Alger publishes "Ragged Dick". Winged Victory of Samothrace is discovered, 1863. Sports The first college football game is played in 1869, with Rutgers beating Princeton 6–4. The sport of skiing is invented around 1862. The Football Association is formed in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, paving the way for association football to become the world's predominant spectator sport. The Cincinnati Redstockings became the first openly professional baseball team in 1869. They finished the same season with a perfect