force in space exploration. Japan launched a satellite for the first time in 1972. The European Space Agency was founded during the decade as well. Biology The second generation of face lifts were first attempted in the 1970s, popularizing the procedure for millions. The first MRI image was published in 1973. César Milstein and Georges Köhler reported their discovery of how to use hybridoma cells to isolate monoclonal antibodies, effectively beginning the history of monoclonal antibody use in science. Carl Woese and George E. Fox classified archaea as a new, separate domain of life. "Lucy", a fossilized hominid of the species Australopithecus afarensis, was discovered in the Afar region of Ethiopia by Donald Johanson in 1974, providing evidence for bipedalism as an early occurrence in human evolution. After successful vaccination campaigns throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, the WHO certified the eradication of smallpox in December 1979 after the last smallpox case in 1977. The first organisms genetically engineered were bacteria in 1973 and then mice in 1974. 1977 The first complete DNA genome to be sequenced is that of bacteriophage φX174. In 1978, Louise Brown became the first child to be born via in vitro fertilisation, or IVF. Social science Social science intersected with hard science in the works in natural language processing by Terry Winograd (1973) and the establishment of the first cognitive sciences department in the world at MIT in 1979. The fields of generative linguistics and cognitive psychology went through a renewed vigor with symbolic modeling of semantic knowledge while the final devastation of the long-standing tradition of behaviorism came about through the severe criticism of B. F. Skinner's work in 1971 by the cognitive scientist Noam Chomsky. Technology Concorde makes the world's first commercial passenger-carrying supersonic flight. Electronics and communications The birth of modern computing was in the 1970s, which saw the development of: Intel 4004, the world's first general microprocessor the C programming language rudimentary personal computers, with the launch of the Datapoint 2200 pocket calculators the Magnavox Odyssey, the first home video game console the Sony Walkman, built in 1978 by Japanese audio-division engineer Nobutoshi Kihara consumer video games, after the release of Computer Space the earliest floppy disks, invented at IBM, which were 8 inches wide and long, commercially available by 1971 email, with the first transmission in 1971 electronic paper, developed by Nick Sheridon at Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center (PARC)