or region in which they are assigned various assignments aimed at multi track diplomacy. A permanent representative is the equivalent of an ambassador, normally of that rank, but accredited to an international body (mainly by member—and possibly observer—states), not to a head of state. A resident representative (or sometimes simply representative) is also a member of the diplomatic corps, but is below the rank of ambassador. A representative is accredited by an international organization (generally a United Nations agency, or a Bretton Woods institution) to a country's government. The resident representative typically heads the country office of that international organization within that country. A special ambassador or honorary ambassador is a government's specialist diplomat in a particular field, not posted in residence, but often traveling around the globe. The U.S. trade representative (USTR) is an ambassador of Cabinet rank, in charge of U.S. delegations in multilateral trade negotiations (since 1962). The USTR's special agricultural negotiator also typically holds an ambassadorial appointment. Special envoy Special envoys have been created ad hoc by individual countries, treaties and international organizations including the United Nations. A few examples are provided below: Belgium: In 2005, former cabinet member Pierre Chevalier served as Special Envoy of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe presidency to mediate in the Gazprom natural gas-pipeline crisis involving Russia, Ukraine, and the European Union. In addition, Princess Astrid of Belgium has served as Special Envoy of the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention or Ottawa Treaty, to promote the formal prohibition of landmines and the rights of the survivors of said weapons. India: During the 2006 democracy movement in Nepal, India sent on April 18 Karan Singh, who is related to royalty in both predominantly Hindu countries, as Special Envoy to neighbouring Nepal, where increasingly violent opposition started its successful challenge of the king's autocratic rule. Another instance was during the 2009 Copenhagen climate change summit, India appointed senior diplomat Shyam Saran as a special envoy to coordinate the negotiating position of the BASIC countries. United Kingdom: Appointed special envoys from time to time. European Union: appointed various special representatives (some regional, some thematic); e.g., in 2005—as a response to events in Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan—the Council of the EU appointed Jan Kubis as its Special Representative for Central Asia. Pakistan: Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif appointed ambassador Javed Malik as Pakistan's special envoy for trade and investment based in the GCC Gulf region