a single 4-inch AA gun in the superfiring 'B' position forward, plus a reduced number of Oerlikons and some machine guns, and her quadruple torpedo tubes. Ships Service Raleigh had the shortest career of any ship of the class, spending just one year in commission before being wrecked and subsequently broken up. Effingham was an early war loss, during the Norwegian campaign; grounding on an uncharted shoal, she had to be destroyed by friendly forces. Hawkins served in World War II as a convoy escort in the Indian Ocean, and provided gunfire support during the Normandy landings. Frobisher served in World War II as a convoy escort and a depot ship for the Normandy landings. After torpedo damage in an E-boat attack, the ship was refitted in 1944-1945 for a training role, with a corresponding reduction in armament. Vindictive served in two World Wars, in a wide variety of roles, finally being scrapped in 1946. Notes Citations References Cruiser classes Ship classes of the Royal Navy