causative constructions. New York: Academic Press. Talmy, Leonard (1981) ‘Force Dynamics’. Paper presented at conference on Language and Mental Imagery. May 1981, University of California, Berkeley. Talmy, Leonard (1985b) ‘Force Dynamics as a generalization over causative’ In Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics, 67–85. Vandenberghe, Wim (2002) ‘Instigative Setting-Constructions: Force Dynamic Research on ‘New’ Types of Agency’ In Leuvense Bijdragen, 90, 4, 365–390. External links Presentation of Force Dynamics on the CogSci index. Toward a Cognitive Semantics — read-only online version of Talmy (2000) Toward a Cognitive Semantics. Force Dynamics in Language and Cognition — direct link to the chapter on Force Dynamics on the above webpage (PDF). Semantics