of Finance and Internal Director Marcos Rojas Marchena – Vice President of International Affairs and Internal Director Miguel Quintana C – Vice President of Planning and Engineering and Internal Director Yurbis Gómez, Ricardo León Sabala, Wils Rangel, Simón Zerpa, Ricardo Menéndez and Tareck El Aissami – External Directors Presidents of PDVSA Asdrúbal Chávez (April 2020 – present) Manuel Quevedo (November 2017 – April 2020) Major general of the Bolivarian National Guard Nelson Martínez (August 2017 – November 2017) BS in Chemistry, MS in Physical Chemistry University of Poitiers, France. Ph.D in Chemistry University of Reading, UK. (September 2014 – August 2017) Exploration geophysics, Universidad Central de Venezuela Rafael Ramírez (November 2004September 2014) Minister of Energy and Oil (2005), M.Sc. Energy policy – UCV, B.Sc. Mechanical Engineering – ULA. Alí Rodríguez Araque (April 2002 – October 2004) Minister of Energy (1999), Secretary General OPEC (2001), Lic. Economics - UCV. Gastón Parra Luzardo (February 2002 - April 2002) Academic Vice-Rector – LUZ (1980–1984), Dean of the School of Social Sciences – LUZ (1972–1975). Lic. Economics - LUZ. Guaicaipuro Lameda Montero (October 2000 – February 2002) Brigadier General of the Venezuelan Army and Electrical Engineering, (University of the Pacific), M.Sc. economic planning . Héctor Ciavaldini (August 1999 - October 2000). Roberto Mandini (February 1999 - August 1999). Luis Giusti (March 1994 – February 1999) M.Sc. Petroleum Engineering – TU, B.Sc Petroleum Engineering - LUZ Gustavo Roosen (March 1992 – March 1994) Minister of Education (1989), M.A. Comparative Law (NYU), B.A. Law – UCAB. Andres Sosa Pietri (March 1990 – March 1992). Juan Chacín Guzmán (October 1986 – March 1990). Brigido R. Natera (February 1984 – October 1986) B.S. Geology, Universidad Central de Venezuela, M.B.A. Stanford University, 1968. Humberto Calderón Berti (March 1983 – February 1984) Minister of Energy (1979–1982). Rafael Alfonzo Ravard (January 1976 – March 1983). General of the Venezuelan Army, civil engineering degree at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Overseas assets Citgo Petroleum Corporation, United States – Citgo is 100% owned by PDVSA. Nynäs Petroleum, Sweden – PDVSA owns a 50% stake with Finland's Neste Oil Oyj holding the other 50%. BOPEC, Bonaire petroleum corporation 100% owned by PDVSA. Isla refinery, Curaçao – PDVSA leases the Isla Refinery on the island, though it intends to end its lease at the end of 2019. The refinery has been operating at below capacity for at least two years, due to maintenance problems and