Pōrangahau, a township close to the Pacific Ocean coast in the south-east of the North Island of New Zealand, has a very small population. It lies in the southernmost part of Hawke's Bay, 45 kilometres south of Waipukurau, and close to the mouth of the Porangahau River. The settlement includes a marae and a school. The Māori name Pōrangahau expresses the idea of a night (pō) of pursuit or of retreat (rangahau). Six kilometres southwest of the township stands an insubstantial hill, with the longest place name in the world: . The area west of the main township, known as Mangaorapa, was used for sheep farming during the 20th century. The area has more recently been used for cattle farming and wine growing. The 2370 hectare Mangaorapa Station was the most expensive farm in Central Hawke's Bay when it was sold in 2005. Demographics The population of Pōrangahau was 141 in the 2018 census, an increase of 39 from 2013. There were 72 males and 69 females. 42.6% of people identified as European/Pākehā, 70.2% as Māori and 12.8% as Pacific peoples. 23.4% were under 15 years old, 12.8% were 15–29, 44.7% were 30–64, and 21.3% were 65 or older. The statistical area of Taurekaitai, which at 1154 square kilometres is much larger than this township, had a population of 1,893 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 231 people (13.9%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 135 people (7.7%) since the 2006 census. There were 714 households. There were 966 males and 927 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.04 males per female. The median age was 44.6 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 417 people (22.0%) aged under 15 years, 225 (11.9%) aged 15 to 29, 900 (47.5%) aged 30 to 64, and 354 (18.7%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 86.4% European/Pākehā, 19.5% Māori, 2.5% Pacific peoples, 0.3% Asian, and 1.1% other ethnicities (totals add to more than 100% since people could identify with multiple ethnicities). The proportion of people born overseas was 9.2%, compared with 27.1% nationally. Although some people objected to giving their religion, 50.4% had no religion, 40.6% were Christian, 0.3% were Buddhist and 1.7% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 261 (17.7%) people had a bachelor or higher degree, and 285 (19.3%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $31,900, compared with $31,800