African Americans. The book reprinted a signed advertisement Hayne placed in a newspaper which sought help with capturing an escaped man. Hayne's advertisement suggested that the fugitive may be heading to a neighboring county where the enslaved man's wife and children live. Hayne actively promoted South Carolina's industrial development, including the South Carolina Canal and Railroad Company, which in 1835 expanded westward toward the Appalachian Mountains pursuant to Hayne's plan to link Charleston's port to Memphis, Tennessee and the Mississippi River. Hayne was president of the Louisville, Cincinnati and Charleston Railroad, until his death, and was succeeded as its president by James Gadsden. The LCCR bought the SCCRC's stock in 1839 and the two railroads merged in 1844, but never completed the track as expected, only finishing about 60 miles to Columbia, South Carolina in addition to connections to Camden, South Carolina in 1848 and Atlanta, Georgia in 1853. Political career A Democrat, Hayne was elected to the South Carolina House of Representatives and served from 1814 to 1818, including as Speaker of the House in 1818. Hayne was Attorney General of South Carolina from 1818 to 1822. During his tenure, the trial of Denmark Vesey occurred in Charleston after a purported slave rebellion was thwarted. Governor Thomas Bennett, unsupportive of the city-appointed court handling the trial, asked Hayne for his legal opinion on the matter. Hayne advised Bennett that the "Magna Charta and Habeas Corpus and indeed all the provisions of our Constitution in favour of Liberty, are intended for freemen only" and that the Governor of South Carolina did not have the ability to examine "judicial errors." In 1822 South Carolina's legislature elected Hayne to the United States Senate. He was reelected in 1828 and served from March 4, 1823, to December 13, 1832. From 1825 to 1832 he was Chairman of the Senate Committee on Naval Affairs. Martin Van Buren, a contemporary of Hayne's in the Senate, commented on how Hayne's demeanor there evolved from one of self-confident outspokenness at first to one of outward modesty more in line with the senatorial culture of respect for seniority: In 1832, under James Hamilton Jr. as governor, Hayne served as Chairman of South Carolina's nullification convention. Hamilton and Hayne argued that states could "nullify" federal laws with which they did not agree. Eighty percent of its 162 delegates voted to nullify federal tariffs of 1828 and 1832, and for