viewed Modern Air's plans as a backdoor route to the scheduled air market. They feared that granting permission to a non-member of the International Air Transport Association (IATA) outside the relevant intergovernmental, bilateral air transport agreements would set a precedent for other non-IATA members to bypass regulatory restrictions in contemporary bilateral air transport agreements that limited access to scheduled air services and encourage circumvention of IATA fare rules by non-members. A second attempt by Modern Air and Berliner Flugring to gain approval for their planned year-round long-haul charter programme sought to address the established airlines' concerns by teaming up with Swiss flag carrier Swissair, whereby Modern Air would fly partner Berliner Flugring's long-haul package tour customers between Berlin Tegel and Swissair's Zürich Airport base at a minimum frequency of two round trips per week to enable convenient transfers to and from Swissair's global network. However, this revised plan still met with objections from Pan Am, BEA and Air France, who viewed Swissair's support for it as an attempt to divert long-haul passengers on to the Swiss airline's network by using Modern Air's proposed Tegel–Zürich flights as a feeder. The Allied Air Attachés upheld the objections of West Berlin's three main scheduled airlines by ruling that combining charter and scheduled flights in a package was impermissible. As a result of these rulings, despite increasing the total number of passengers carried in 1972 to just under 400,000 and growing total revenues to $15.6 million, Modern Air was unable to expand profitably in West Berlin and recorded a loss for the year (a $2.42 million operating loss and a $4.14 million net loss, respectively). In addition, to Modern Air's abortive attempts to launch a regular, year-round long-haul charter programme from West Berlin in partnership with Berliner Flugring, the airline and its long-standing business partner also attempted for a number of years to gain all necessary approvals for West Berlin's first-ever charter flight to Moscow as part of a one-off, all-inclusive city break package in the Soviet capital. Modern Air's management hoped to be able to build on its earlier success of 1968, when interventions at the highest level of the US government with its Soviet counterpart had resulted in Modern Air becoming the first US non-scheduled airline to be given permission at short notice to fly a US charter party to Moscow for a brief stopover on its first transpolar flight ("Polar Byrd