years, details of specifications were adjusted, such as minimum freezing point, to balance performance requirements and availability of fuels. Very low temperature freezing points reduce the availability of fuel. Higher flash point products required for use on aircraft carriers are more expensive to produce. In the United States, ASTM International produces standards for civilian fuel types, and the U.S. Department of Defense produces standards for military use. The British Ministry of Defence establishes standards for both civil and military jet fuels. For reasons of inter-operational ability, British and United States military standards are harmonized to a degree. In Russia and the CIS members, grades of jet fuels are covered by the State Standard (GOST) number, or a Technical Condition number, with the principal grade available being TS-1. Types Jet A/A-1 Jet A specification fuel has been used in the United States since the 1950s and is usually not available outside the United States and a few Canadian airports such as Toronto and Vancouver, whereas Jet A-1 is the standard specification fuel used in the rest of the world other than Russia and the CIS members where TS-1 is the most common standard. Both Jet A and Jet A-1 have a flash point higher than , with an autoignition temperature of . Differences between Jet A and Jet A-1 The primary difference is the lower freezing point of A-1: Jet A's is Jet A-1's is The other difference is the mandatory addition of an anti-static additive to Jet A-1. Jet A trucks, storage tanks, and plumbing that carry Jet A are marked with a black sticker with "Jet A" in white printed on it, adjacent to another black stripe. Typical physical properties for Jet A and Jet A-1 Jet A-1 fuel must meet: DEF STAN 91-91 (Jet A-1), ASTM specification D1655 (Jet A-1), and IATA Guidance Material (Kerosene Type), NATO Code F-35. Jet A fuel must reach ASTM specification D1655 (Jet A). Jet B Jet B is a naphtha-kerosene fuel that is used for its enhanced cold-weather performance. However, Jet B's lighter composition makes it more dangerous to handle. For this reason, it is rarely used, except in very cold climates. A blend of approximately 30% kerosene and 70% gasoline, it is known as wide-cut fuel. It has a very low freezing point of , and a low flash point as well. It is primarily used in some military aircraft. It