Arisaema is a large and diverse genus of the flowering plant family Araceae. The largest concentration of species is in China and Japan, with other species native to other parts of southern Asia as well as eastern and central Africa, Mexico and eastern North America. Asiatic species are often called cobra lilies, while western species are often called jack-in-the-pulpit; both names refer to the distinctive appearance of the flower, which consists of an erect central spadix rising from a spathe. Classification and relationships The closest relatives of Arisaema appear to be Pinellia and Typhonium (although the latter as defined in 2004 seems to be paraphyletic, having given rise to Arisaema and other genera). One unusual trait shared by all Arisaema species, and not those of other genera, is the sex change or act of Sequential hermaphroditism. Arisaema plants are typically male when small, and female or hermaphroditic when large, with a single plant capable of changing sex based on nutrition and genetics, and perhaps changing sex several times during its long life (20 years or more). Sections A phylogenetic study in 2016 by Ohi-toma et. al recognized 15 sections in the genus. Species Arisaema abei Seriz - Shikoku Island in Japan Arisaema aequinoctiale Nakai & F.Maek - Honshu, Kyushu, and Shikoku Islands in Japan Arisaema agasthyanum Sivad. & C.S.Kumar - southwestern India Arisaema album N.E.Br. - Arunachal Pradesh and Assam in eastern India Arisaema amurense Maxim. - Russian Far East, China, North Korea Arisaema anomalum Hemsl. - Peninsular Malaysia Arisaema aprile J.Murata - Izu Peninsula on Honshu Island in Japan Arisaema aridum H.Li - Yunnan Arisaema asperatum N.E.Br - China, eastern Himalayas, Arunachal Pradesh, Myanmar Arisaema auriculatum Buchet - Sichuan, Hunan, and Yunnan Provinces in China Arisaema austroyunnanense H.Li - Yunnan, Vietnam Arisaema averyanovii V.D.Nguyen & P.C.Boyce - Vietnam Arisaema balansae Engl. - Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, southern China Arisaema bannaense H.Li - Arunachal Pradesh, Myanmar, Yunnan Arisaema barbatum Buchet - Yunnan, Thailand, Java, Bali Arisaema barnesii C.E.C.Fisch - India, Sri Lanka Arisaema bockii Engl. - China Arisaema bonatianum Engl. - Sichuan, Yunnan Arisaema bottae Schott - Yemen Arisaema brucei H.Li, R.Li & J.Murata - Yunnan Arisaema calcareum H.Li - Yunnan Arisaema candidissimum W.W.Sm. - Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan Arisaema caudatum Engl. - western India Arisaema chuanxiense Z.Y.Zhu, B.Q.Min & S.J.Zhu - Sichuan Arisaema chumponense Gagnep. - Thailand Arisaema ciliatum H.Li - Sichuan, Yunnan Arisaema clavatum Buchet - Chongqing, Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan