France the GSM-R network has between 3,000 and 4,000 base stations. In areas where the European Train Control System (ETCS) Level 2 or 3 is used, the train maintains a circuit switched digital modem connection to the train control center at all times. This modem operates with higher priority than normal users (eMLPP). If the modem connection is lost, the train will automatically stop. Upper system GSM-R is one part of ERTMS (European Rail Traffic Management System) which is composed of: ETCS (European Train Control System) GSM-R ETML (European Traffic Management Layer) EOR (European Operating Rules) Frequency band GSM-R is standardized to be implemented in either the E-GSM (900 MHz-GSM) or DCS 1800 (1,800 MHz-GSM) frequency band which are both being used around the world. Europe Europe includes the CEPT member states, which include all EU members and Albania, Andorra, Azerbaijan, Bosnia Herzegovina, Georgia, Iceland, Liechtenstein, North Macedonia, Moldavia, Monaco, Montenegro, Norway, San Marino, Serbia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, and Vatican City. Although previously members of the CEPT, Belarus and Russia had their memberships suspended, indefinitely, with effect from 00:00 (CET), 18 March 2022. The CEPT Assembly made this decision following a poll of members by the CEPT Presidency, and published their decision on 17 March 2022.) GSM-R uses a specific frequency band, which can be referred to as the "standard" GSM-R band: Uplink: 876–880 MHz used for data transmission Downlink: 921–925 MHz used for data reception In Germany this band was extended with additional channels in the 873–876 MHz and 918–921 MHz range. Being used formerly for regional trunked radio systems the full usage of the new frequencies is aimed for 2015. China GSM-R occupies a 4 MHz wide range of the E-GSM band (900 MHz-GSM). Uplink: 885–889 MHz Downlink: 930–934 MHz India GSM-R occupies a 1.6 MHz wide range of the P-GSM band (900 MHz-GSM) held by Indian Railways: Uplink: 907.8–909.4 MHz Downlink: 952.8–954.4 MHz Australia GSM-R is being implemented within DCS 1800 band Uplink: 1,770–1,785 MHz Downlink: 1,865–1,880 MHz DCS 1800 band was initially divided and auctioned in paired parcels each of 2 × 2.5 MHz with duplex spacing of 95 MHz. State rail operators acquired six mostly non-grouped parcels which cover 2 × 15 MHz of spectrum to deploy GSM-R. State rail operators re-licensed 2 x 10 MHz of 1800 MHz spectrum in Adelaide, Brisbane, Melbourne, Perth, and Sydney for Rail Safety and Control