inform the allocation of public sector spending between departments" may be needed and that decisions about public spending may miss opportunities to improve social welfare from existing budgets. Underlying drivers of spending alterations A study investigated funding allocations for public investment in energy research, development and demonstration reported insights about past impacts of its drivers, that may be relevant to adjusting (or facilitating) "investment in clean energy" "to come close to achieving meaningful global decarbonization". The investigated drivers can be broadly described as crisis responses, cooperations and competitions. Principles and ethics Studies and organizations have called for systematically applying principles to spending decisions or to take current issues and goals such as climate change mitigation into account in all such decisions. For example: scientists have suggested in Nature'' that governments should withstand various pressures and influences and "only support agriculture and food systems that deliver on the SDGs (in line with "public funds for public goods")" a campaign by the FSFE calls for a principle of "Public Money, Public Code" – that software created using taxpayers' money is developed as free and open source software Plan S calls for a requirement for scientific publications that result from research funded by public grants being published as open access Public sector ethics may also concern government spending, affecting the shares and intentions of government spending or their respective rationales (beyond ethical principles or implications of the contextual socioeconomic structures), as well as corruption or diversion of public funds. Other areas of spending Science funding Governments fund various research beyond healthcare and medical research and defense research . Sometimes, relevant funding decision-making makes use of coordinative and prioritizing tools, data or methods, such as evaluated relevances to global issues or international goals or national goals or major causes of human diseases and early deaths (health impacts). Energy infrastructure See also Rahn curve Open government Government operations Public expenditure Public finance Government budget Government waste Fiscal policy Fiscal council Sovereign wealth fund Tax Mandatory spending Taxpayers unions Eurostat Government spending in the United Kingdom Government spending in the United States List of countries by government spending as percentage of GDP References External links OECD Government spending statistics Canadian Governments Compared Eurostat's government spending per sector Government finances Fiscal policy