well as innovations of Nasser Farhangfar and others. Modern tombak players are exponentially expanding the techniques used in playing the instrument. Modernisation The Tombak was considered an accompanying instrument until the pioneering work of Hossein Tehrani in the 1950s. Tehrani added to the instrument's possibilities with added "beating methods". He also played his instrument with different "sonorities." His pupils included Mohammad Esmaili (born 1934), Jahangir Malek (born 1931), Jamshid Chemirani (born 1942), Amir Nasser Eftetah (1925-1977) renowned teacher whose disciple Bahman Rajabi, develop modern technology. Farhangfar Nasser (1947-1997) revolutionized the principles of accompaniment, often away much of the melody without ever interfering, he drew on many styles of play of Zarb-e zourkhâné (especially that of Morshed Moradi) that accompanies Varzesh-e Pahlavani (), traditional martial gymnastics practiced in Zurkhaneh ("house of strength") and motrebs (popular musicians playing accents in a particular way). His knowledge of poetry and a clear and powerful voice make an improviser and especially an outstanding accompanist, always anticipating phrases soloist. Very few players assimilate his art. Modern players open new perspectives amount to the game of Tombak, as Madjid Khaladj, Jamshid Mohebbi, Morteza Aayan, Mohammad Akhavan, Dariush Zargari, Navid Afghah, Farbod Yadollahi, Dariush Es'haghi, Ahmad Mostanbet, Sahab Torbati, Khâvarzamini Pedram, Siamak Barghi, Pezhham Akhavass, and Pejman Haddadi. See also Ashiko Djembe References Hossein Téhérâni, Méthode de zarb, Institut Mâhour. DVD of Tombak / Madjid Khaladj - Coproduction : Le Salon de Musique & École de Tombak | Langues : français, anglais, espagnol | Livret de 80 pages (français/anglais.)| EDV 937 CV. CD Infinit Breath / Madjid Khaladj, NAFAS / Bâ Music Records. Rhythm revolution: Young Iranians revive ancient drumming traditions, Ruairi Glasheen for CNN, September 18, 2018 External links CNN article about the modern instrument. Persian musical instruments Membranophones Hand drums Goblet-shaped drums Percussion instruments played with specialised beaters Asian percussion instruments European percussion instruments Iranian inventions