and Universities that offer instruction in a variety of programs that can lead to: certificates, diplomas and degrees. Institutes of technology/polytechnic institutes and universities tend to be independent institutions. Institutes of technology/polytechnic institutes Institute of Technology of Cambodia (ITC) or Institute of Technology of Cambodia or Institut de Technologie du Cambodge (polytechnic institute in Phnom Penh, Cambodia) Phnom Penh Institute of Technology (PPIT) or Phnom Penh Institute of Technology (polytechnic institute in Phnom Penh, Cambodia) Universities RUPP or Royal Université de Phnom Penh (polytechnic university in Phnom Penh, Cambodia) Canada In Canada, there are affiliate schools, colleges, institutes of technology/polytechnic institutes, and universities that offer instruction in a variety of programs that can lead to engineering and applied science degrees, apprenticeships, trade programs, certificates, and diplomas. Affiliate schools are polytechnic divisions belonging to a national university and offer select technical and engineering programs. Colleges, institutes of technology/polytechnic institutes, and universities tend to be independent institutions. Credentials are typically conferred at the undergraduate level; however, university-affiliated schools like the École de technologie supérieure and the École Polytechnique de Montréal (both of which are located in Quebec), also offer graduate and postgraduate programs, in accordance with provincial higher education guidelines. Canadian higher education institutions, at all levels, undertake directed and applied research with financing allocated through public funding, private equity, or industry sources. Some of Canada's most esteemed colleges and polytechnic institutions also partake in collaborative institute-industry projects, leading to technology commercialization, made possible through the scope of Polytechnics Canada, a national alliance of eleven leading research-intensive colleges and institutes of technology. Affiliate schools École de technologie supérieure (ETS) (technical school part of the Université du Québec system in Montreal, Quebec) École Polytechnique de Montréal (polytechnic school affiliated with the Université de Montréal in Montreal, Quebec) Colleges Algonquin College (Ottawa, Ontario) Conestoga College (Kitchener, Ontario) George Brown College (Toronto, Ontario) Humber College (Toronto) Red River College (college in Winnipeg, Manitoba, offering degrees) Seneca College of Applied Arts and Technology (Toronto) St. Clair College (Windsor) Institutes of technology/polytechnic institutes British Columbia Institute of Technology (BCIT; polytechnic institute in Burnaby, British Columbia) Kwantlen Polytechnic University (polytechnic university in Surrey, British Columbia) Northern Alberta Institute of Technology (NAIT; polytechnic institute in Edmonton, Alberta) Toronto Metropolitan University (formerly Ryerson Polytechnical Institute, university in Toronto, Ontario) – The former Ryerson University was one of the originators of applied education in Ontario and Canada. It dropped the term