APE tags comprise one extant convention used to store information (metadata) about a given digital audio file. Each APE tag constitutes a discrete element that describes a single attribute of the file's contents. Each consists of a key/value pair; the key is simply a label that names the attribute, such as , , , or , etc.), and associated with it is a corresponding value, namely, some information descriptive of this file, in terms of the attribute in question (e.g., for ). APE tags can be used with .ape-formatted recordings, as well as with sound files of other audio file formats. Essence A sound file, such as an .ape- or .mp3-formatted file, may, in addition to its payload audio data, also contain metadata that provide descriptive or statistical information about its audio content. When APE (v1) tags are used, they will appear at the end of the file, following the data; i.e., the digitized audio stream. Placing the tags at the end of the file, rather than at the beginning, can make expansion of the metadata simpler for programmers to code, but may add more wait time to the user experience for file loading and processing. APE field names ("keys") are character strings for which no rigid standard exists, nor is there a set list of keys nor of their allowable values. Features APE tags are more similar to Vorbis comments than ID3 tags. Like Vorbis comments, they are unstructured (key, value) pairs. However, unlike Vorbis comments, they do not allow for inter-key ordering. This is because they store a list of values for each key rather than one value per key. APE values can be flagged as text, binary, or external types. This allows tag editing software to avoid incorrectly displaying binary values, such as an image of album cover art, in the form of unreadable text to users. In comparison, Vorbis comments do not have a flagging feature, so binary data cannot be easily stored in them (though this is by design). APEv2 supports Unicode using UTF-8 for values. For keys, an ASCII subset (control characters from 0x00 to 0x1f are not allowed) must be used. Versions APEv1 The APEv1 tag was designed for the Monkey's Audio format. In MP3 files, the APE tag is stored at the very end of the file, with no inline declaration in the body of the file. The software handles the writing