from all over Europe fled to Basel, Geneva, and Neuchâtel. Geneva under Calvin and his successor Theodore Beza demanded their naturalisation and strict adherence to the Calvinist doctrine, whereas Basel, where the university had re-opened in 1532, became a center of intellectual freedom. Many of these immigrants were skilled craftsmen or businessmen and contributed greatly to the development of banking and the watch industry. See also First War of Villmergen History of the Grisons Swiss Reformed Church Toggenburg War (or Second War of Villmergen) Otto Zeinenger Notes and references The main sources used are Im Hof, U.: Geschichte der Schweiz, 7th ed. Kohlhammer Verlag, 1974/2001. . Schwabe & Co.: Geschichte der Schweiz und der Schweizer, Schwabe & Co 1986/2004. . Other sources: Further reading Gordon, Bruce. The Swiss Reformation. University of Manchester Press, 2002. . Miller, Andrew. Miller's Church History. 1880. Chapter 41. Gilbert, W.: Renaissance and Reformation. University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas: Carrie, 1998. Luck, James M.: A History of Switzerland / The First 100,000 Years: Before the Beginnings to the Days of the Present, Society for the Promotion of Science & Scholarship, Palo Alto 1986. . Ranan, David. Double Cross – The Code of the Catholic Church. Theo Press Ltd, 2006. Burnett, Amy Nelson and Campi, Emidio (eds.). A Companion to the Swiss Reformation, Leiden - Boston: Brill, 2016. Guerra, C, Harich-Schwarzbauer, H, and Hindermann, Judith Johannes Atrocianus - Text, Übersetzung, Kommentar. Hildesheim: Georg Olms Verlag, 2018. External links Reformation in Switzerland by Markus Jud. In English, also available in French and German. Reformation in Switzerland by "Presence Switzerland", an official body of the Swiss Confederation. (In English, available also in many other languages.) The Escalade in Geneva in 1602. The Confessio Helvetica posterior (English transcription). Zweiter Kappeler Landfriede, in German. 16th-century establishments in the Old Swiss Confederacy History of Switzerland by period