Since then WIPO provides a globally-used Jurisprudential Overview to summarize case law on a range of common and important substantive and procedural issues under the UDRP. How is the policy made mandatory The policy has been adopted by all ICANN-accredited registrars. It has also been adopted by certain managers of country-code top-level domains (e.g., .nu, .tv, .ws). The policy is then applicable due to the contract between the registrar (or other registration authority in the case of a country-code top-level domain) and its customer (the domain-name holder or registrant). When a registrant chooses a domain name, the registrant must "represent and warrant", among other things, that registering the domain name "will not infringe upon or otherwise violate the rights of any third party", and agree to participate in an arbitration-like proceeding should any third party assert such a claim. The policy itself sets forth the terms and conditions in connection with a dispute between the registrant and any party (other than the registrar) over the registration and use of the Internet domain name registered by the registrant. In case of a dispute, the complainant shall select one of the administrative-dispute-resolution service providers from among those approved by ICANN by submitting the complaint to that Provider. The selected Provider will administer the proceeding. Proceedings under this Policy will be conducted according to the Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy, as well as the selected administrative-dispute-resolution service provider's supplemental rules. Providers of the UDRP are: The Arab Center for Dispute Resolution (ACDR) The Asian Domain Name Dispute Resolution Centre (ADNDRC) Canadian International Internet Dispute Resolution Centre (CIIDRC) Czech Arbitration Court, Arbitration Center for Internet Disputes National Arbitration Forum (NAF) World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Process A complainant in a UDRP proceeding must establish three elements to succeed: The domain name is identical or confusingly similar to a trademark or service mark in which the complainant has rights; The registrant does not have any rights or legitimate interests in the domain name; and The domain name has been registered and the domain name is being used in "bad faith". In a UDRP proceeding, a panel will consider several non-exclusive factors to assess bad faith, such as: Whether the registrant registered the domain name primarily for the purpose of selling, renting, or otherwise transferring the domain name registration to the complainant who is the owner of the trademark or service mark; Whether