a Deist (1677) was the first prolonged attack on deism to appear in English. It also engaged with the thought of Baruch Spinoza, in Tractatus Theologico-Politicus, though he was named only as a "late author mightily in vogue". In 1697, Stillingfleet issued A Discourse in Vindication of the Doctrine of the Trinity (1697) It had three intentions: repelling the Unitarians, shoring up the unity of the orthodox trinitarians, and doctrinal defence of the Trinity. Under the third heading, Stillingfleet took on John Locke, and his Essay on Human Understanding. He wrote Three Criticisms of Locke (1697) Stillingfleet engaged in a debate through correspondence (later published) with Locke. He argued in favor of dualism, and claimed that Locke's Essay argued against dualism as he understood it. He also considered that the epistemology of the Essay opened the door to Unitarianism. Locke himself had taken an interest in Stillingfleet (with James Tyrrell and Sylvester Brounower) from 1681. The controversy drew in the playwright Catherine Cockburn, who wrote in defence of Locke, but to the detriment of her career as author. Antiquarian scholarship Origines Sacrae (1663) began with a comprehensive analysis of flaws in ancient historians, as a way of defending the account in the Book of Genesis. It argued against the Pre-Adamite theories of Isaac La Peyrère, and took a very critical line with the older theories of ancient British origins, and the writings of Annius of Viterbo. Another work going back to the roots was Origines Britannicae: Or, The Antiquities of the British Churches (1685). The Discourse of the True Antiquity of London appeared in 1704 bundled with The Second Part of Ecclesiastical Cases. It was a work of high scholarship on Roman London; it however ignored the new archaeological evidence that was available but not yet in literary form. Notes and references Citations Sources Further reading By Stillingfleet not listed above The Doctrines and Practices of the Church of Rome Truly Represented; in Answer to a Book Intituled, a Papist Misrepresented, and Represented, &c (1686) Fifty Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions (1707) Several Conferences Between a Romish Priest, a Fanatick Chaplain, and a Divine of the Church of England Concerning the Idolatry of the Church of Rome (1710) About Stillingfleet Timothy Goodwin, The Works of the Eminent and Most Learned Prelate Dr. Edw. Stillingfleet, Late Lord Bishop of Worcester: Together with His Life and Character (1710) Timothy Goodwin, The Life