SSL protocol. In the final years, Brokat refocused on Mobile Commerce, which is defined as electronic commerce done on mobile devices such as Smartphones. This led to a technology called Mobile Digital Signature, an XML-based message format for encoding and signing business contracts. For the implementation of business logic, the company devised a very simple object model, called RDO (repository defined object). RDOs had a very simple interface structure, consisting of a flat key-value structure. RDOs could be written in many programming languages and would interoperate easily. Brokat was awarded several patents on encryption technology (e.g. random number generators) and for the RDO cross-language programming model. Key Engineers Achim Schlumpberger (Twister), Malte Borcherding (Encryption), Jürgen Hagel (Twister), Jürgen Thumm (Xpresso) Notes Software companies of Germany