is the Swedish alternative "yrkeshögskola" – their focus is on studies leading to a degree (for instance insinööri, engineer; in international use, Bachelor of Engineering) in kind different from but in level comparable to an academic bachelor's degree awarded by a university. Since 2006 the polytechnics have offered studies leading to master's degrees (Master of Engineering). After January 1, 2006, some Finnish ammattikorkeakoulus switched the English term "polytechnic" to the term "university of applied sciences" in the English translations of their legal names. The ammattikorkeakoulu has many similarities to the hogeschool in Belgium and in the Netherlands and to the Fachhochschule in the German language areas. Some recognized Finnish polytechnics are: Helsinki Metropolia University of Applied Sciences Lapland University of Applied Sciences Tampere University of Applied Sciences Turku University of Applied Sciences A complete list may be found in List of polytechnics in Finland. France and Francophone regions Instituts de technologie (grandes écoles) Collegiate universities grouping several engineering schools or multi-site clusters of French grandes écoles provide sciences and technology curricula as autonomous higher education engineering institutes. They include: Arts et Métiers ParisTech Centrale Graduate School Grenoble Institute of Technology Institut national des sciences appliquées Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace Paris Institute of Technology ESTIA Institute of Technology They provide science and technology master's degrees and doctoral degrees. Universités technologiques / instituts universitaires de technologie / polytechs The universities of technology () are public institutions awarding degrees and diplomas that are accredited by the French Ministry of Higher Education and Research. Although called "universities", the universities of technology are in fact non-university institutes (écoles extérieures aux universités), as defined by Chapter I, Section II (Articles 34 through 36) of French law 84-52 of 26 January 1984 regarding higher education (the loi Savary). They possess the advantage of combining all the assets of the engineering Grandes Écoles and those of universities as they develop simultaneously and coherently three missions: Education, Research, Transfer of technology. They maintain close links with the industrial world both on national and international levels and they are reputed for their ability to innovate, adapt and provide an education that matches the ever-changing demands of industry. This network includes three institutions: The University of Technology of Belfort-Montbéliard (Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbéliard or UTBM) The University of Technology of Compiègne (Université de Technologie de Compiègne or UTC) The University of Technology of Troyes (Université de Technologie