a descendant of Chen Hugong and Emperor Shun, and changed the name of Vietnam from Đại Việt to Đại Ngu (大虞), or Great Ngu (Ngu is the Vietnamese pronunciation for Yu 虞 the legendary state of Emperor Shun). In ancient times 陳 sounded similar to 東 dong, meaning 'East'. It also sounded similar to 田 tian. After the warring states period, some members of the Chen clan in Qi (state) adopted the surname 田 Tian, which later became popular in Chinese and Japanese surnames. In summary, surnames with descent from Chen include: Chen surname 陳姓 Gui surname 妫姓 Hu surname 胡姓 Tian surname 田姓 Yu surname 虞姓 Yao surname 姚姓 Yuan surname 袁姓 Culture The Shijing has at least 10 songs dedicated to Chen:《宛丘》、《東門之枌》、《衛門》、《東門之池》、《東門之楊》、《墓門》、《防有鵲巢》、《月出》、《株林》、《澤陂》。 Rulers The Chen state lasted nearly 600 years and produced over 25 rulers. In chronological order from first to last (note Hu Gong means Duke of Hu and vice versa): Duke Hu of Chen Duke Shēn of Chen Duke Xiang of Chen Duke Xiao of Chen Duke Shèn of Chen Duke You of Chen Duke Xi of Chen Duke Wu of Chen Duke Yi of Chen Duke Ping of Chen Duke Wen of Chen Duke Huan of Chen Chen Tuo Duke Li of Chen Duke Zhuang of Chen Duke Xuan of Chen Duke Mu of Chen Duke Gong of Chen Duke Ling of Chen Xia Zhengshu Duke Cheng of Chen Duke Ai of Chen Prince Liu Chuan Fengxu Duke Hui of Chen Duke Huai of Chen Duke Min of Chen Table 註1：陳幽公以前的君主在位年，皆為推測所得，僅供參考。 Family tree See :zh:陈国君主世系图 See also Chen (surname), 陳姓 adopted by people of Chen state Chen Hugong, founding emperor Emperor Shun (舜帝), forefather of Chen Tian Qi 田齊 Gui surname 妫姓 Hu surname 胡姓 Tian surname 田姓 Yu surname 虞姓 Yao surname 姚姓 Yuan surname 袁姓 Yuan Taotu, relative of Chen family References Bibliography Reading 《史記》卷36：陳杞世家 [Shiji] 《春秋左氏傳》(始見於隱公三年) [Spring and Autumn period] Ancient Chinese states Zhou dynasty 11th century BC 11th-century BC establishments in China States and territories established in the 11th century BC 5th-century BC disestablishments in China States and territories disestablished in the 5th century BC