the state and the people." In practice, the party and the government had considerable latitude to determine what was in "the interests of the state and the people." 1992 Constitution In light of Doi Moi (market reforms adopted by Vietnam) beginning in 1986 and the collapse of the Eastern Bloc, Vietnam adopted a new Constitution in April 1992. The 1992 Constitution adopted a “socialist oriented market economy,” allowed the development of private economic sectors, but largely retained the previous Leninist constitutional structure. References Further reading General reading and the 1992 Constitution and 2001 amendments Mark Sidel, The Constitution of Vietnam: A Contextual Analysis, Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2009. Mark Sidel, Law and Society in Vietnam, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008. To Van-Hoa, Judicial Independence, Lund: Jurisförlaget i Lund, 2006. Mark Sidel, Analytical Models for Understanding Constitutions and Constitutional Dialogue in Socialist Transitional States: Re-Interpreting Constitutional Dialogue in Vietnam, 6 Singapore Journal of International and Comparative Law 42-89 (2002). Pip Nicholson, Vietnamese Legal Institutions in Comparative Perspective: Constitutions and Courts Considered, in K Jayasuriya (ed.), Law, Capitalism and Power in Asia: The Rule of Law and Legal Institutions, London: Routledge, 1999. Russell H K Heng, The 1992 Revised Constitution of Vietnam: Background and Scope of Changes, 4:3 Contemporary Southeast Asia 221 (1992). The 1980 Constitution Nguyen Phuong-Khanh, Introduction to the 1980 Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, 7(3) Review of Socialist Law 347 (1981)(including the text of the 1980 Constitution). The 1959 Constitution Bernard Fall, North Viet-Nam's New Draft Constitution, 32:2 Pacific Affairs 178 (1959). Bernard Fall, North Viet-Nam's Constitution and Government, 33:3 Pacific Affairs 282 (1960). Bernard Fall, Constitution-Writing in a Communist State – The New Constitution of North Vietnam, 6 Howard Law Journal 157 (1960). External links English language 2013 Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam 1992 Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam as amended 25 December 2001 1992 Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam as adopted in 1992 (without 2001 amendments) 1959 Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam Vietnamese language Resolution on amending and supplementing a number of articles of the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in 1992 (2001 constitutional amendments) Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (1946, 1959, 1980 and 1992 constitutions) Government of Vietnam Vietnam 1992 in law 1992 in Vietnam