exposure to infected water. Thus, it is highly spreadable and with its high mortality rate among frogs, it is extremely deadly. Physiology The goliath frog contains extensive skin folds to promote respiratory gas exchange at high altitudes. Additionally, the lungs within these frogs are reduced to about one-third of the volume of other frogs and they also contain a smaller heart. This is primarily due to their difference in predation methods. Goliath frogs are typically sit-and-wait predators. This means that they tend to capture/trap their prey either by luring them or using elements of surprise by acting extremely stealthy. As a result, they have a reduced metabolic rate and a unique method of breathing. When attempting to breathe, each buccal movement (a method in which the mouth expands and contracts in order to promote the movement of air into the lungs) pumps air at a rapid rate and the process of getting the oxygen removed from the air is slightly more efficient in this species of frog. These adaptations are very useful for the production of territorial and reproductive calls created by these frogs. Typically, the call of the goliath frog which is produced by the frog opening its mouth is admitted at a high frequency of 4.4 kHz. Furthermore, the goliath frog does not contain a vocal sac which causes the process for making noises/calls for reproduction to be different than most frogs. Interactions with humans While effects of climate change, agriculture, and deforestation greatly affect this species to the extent of making them endangered, they are also mainly captured by the locals who use lanterns to get their attention and then shortly after, they immobilize them using meshed nets. In Nkombia, they are also captured with nets during the day while they are resting on the rocks. However, this method of capture is not very effective for they are able to escape quite well due to their ability to jump high. Humans are the main predators for this species and are the main cause of their endangerment. See also Helmeted water toad (Calyptocephalella gayi) – A South American species that can reach a similar length, but with a lower maximum weight Lake Junin giant frog (Telmatobius macrostomus) – A South American species that is the world's largest exclusively aquatic frog References Further reading Boulenger GA (1906). "Descriptions of new Batrachians discovered by Mr. G. L. Bates in South