same organizational and communication techniques as its rivals. The church's long 19th century extended from the French Revolution (1789) until the death of Pope Pius XII (1958). This covers the period between the decline of traditional Catholic power and the emergence of secular ideas within states, and the emergence of new thinking within the church after the election of Pope John XXIII. See also 18th century 19th century 20th century Belgium in the long 19th century France in the long 19th century Long 18th century Short 20th century References Long 19th century Historical eras Historiography 1789 1790s 1900s 1910s Periodization