common in a collision with another car. Several countries have made rules that new trucks should have bumpers approximately above ground in order to protect other drivers. There are also rules about how long the load or construction of the truck can go beyond the rear bumper to prevent cars that rear-end the truck from going under it. Tipping Another safety consideration is the leveling of the truck before unloading. If the truck is not parked on relatively horizontal ground, the sudden change of weight and balance due to lifting of the body and dumping of the material can cause the truck to slide, or even to tip over. The live bottom trailer is an approach to eliminate this danger. Back-up accidents Because of their size and the difficulty of maintaining visual contact with on-foot workers, dump trucks can be a threat, especially when backing up. Mirrors and back-up alarms provide some level of protection, and having a spotter working with the driver also decreases back-up injuries and fatalities. Manufacturers Ashok Leyland Asia MotorWorks Astra Veicoli Industriali BelAZ BEML Case CE Caterpillar Inc. DAC Daewoo Dart (commercial vehicle) Eicher Motors Euclid Trucks FAP HEPCO Hitachi Construction Machinery Hitachi Construction Machinery (Europe) Iveco John Deere Kamaz Kenworth Kioleides Komatsu KrAZ Leader Trucks Liebherr Group Mack Trucks Mahindra Trucks & Buses Ltd. MAN SE Mercedes-Benz Navistar International New Holland Peterbilt SANY Scania AB ST Kinetics Tata Tatra (company) Terex Corporation Volvo Construction Equipment Volvo Trucks XCMG See also Cement mixer truck Road roller Combine harvester Tractor Crane construction (truck) Bulldozer Forklift Dumper Garbage truck Live bottom trailer Rear-eject haul truck bodies Notes References Canadian inventions Engineering vehicles