The Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam () is the current constitution of Vietnam, adopted on 28 November 2013 by the Thirteenth National Assembly, and took effect on January 1, 2014. It is the fourth constitution adopted by the Vietnamese government since the political reunification of the country in 1976. Current constitution The current constitution, known as the 2013 Constitution, contains a preamble and 11 chapters: Chapter I: Political System Chapter II: Human Rights, Basic Civil Rights and Civic Duties Chapter III: The Economy, Society, Culture, Education, Science, Technology, and the Environment Chapter IV: Defence of the Homeland Chapter V: The National Assembly Chapter VI: President of the Republic Chapter VII: The Government Chapter VIII: The People's Court and the People's Procuracy Chapter IX: Local Government Chapter X: The National Electoral Council and the State Audit Office Chapter XI: The Effect of the Constitution and Amending the Constitution Previous constitutions The Democratic Republic of Vietnam had two constitutions: 1946 Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, adopted on November 9, 1946. 1959 Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, adopted on December 31, 1959. Upon political reunification of the country in 1976, the 1960 Constitution of the Democratic Republic became the constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Since then, the Vietnamese government adopted two constitutions before the 2013 Constitution: 1980 Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, adopted on December 19, 1980. 1992 Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, adopted on April 25, 1992, and amended in 2001. The former Republic of Vietnam also had two constitutions, adopted in 1956 and 1967. Neither of these constitutional documents is in force, as the 1967 Constitution was abrogated when the government of the Republic of Vietnam collapsed in 1975. 1946 Constitution The 1946 constitution adopted a semi-presidential system not so dissimilar from the French Constitution. The constitution allows multiple parties to participate in the elections along with oppositions. The president of the republic according to the 1946 constitution which is an actual executive head, rather than the ceremonial position. The president also have significantly more power than the current post. The later 1959 constitution turned the president into a ceremonial head, while giving the de facto power to the party leader. Despite the changes in later constitution, the current Vietnamese government still heavily praised it, calling it "one of the world's most democratic constitution at the time." 1959 Constitution