NICE starting in 2005, Australian Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health in 2007, the Dutch National Steering Committee Guidelines Mental Health and Care in 2003, the American Psychiatric Association in 2004, the Departments of Veterans Affairs and Defense in 2010, SAMHSA in 2011, the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies in 2009, and the World Health Organization in 2013 (only for PTSD, not for acute stress treatment). The American Psychological Association "conditionally recommends" EMDR for the treatment of PTSD. Children EMDR is included in a 2009 practice guideline for helping children who have experienced trauma. EMDR is often cited as a component in the treatment of complex post-traumatic stress disorder. A 2017 meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in children and adolescents with PTSD found that EMDR was at least as efficacious as cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), and superior to waitlist or placebo. Other conditions Several small studies have indicated EMDR efficacy for other mental health conditions, but more research is needed. Depression Studies have indicated EMDR effectiveness in depression. A 2019 review found that "Although the selected studies are few and with different methodological critical issues, the findings reported by the different authors suggest in a preliminary way that EMDR can be a useful treatment for depression." Anxiety related disorders Small studies have found EMDR to be effective with generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, other anxiety disorders, and distress due to body image issues. Dissociative identity disorder EMDR has been found to cause strong effects on dissociative identity disorder patients, causing recommendations for adjusted use. Other conditions EMDR may have application for psychosis when co-morbid with trauma. Other studies have investigated EMDR therapy's efficacy with borderline personality disorder, and somatic disorders such as phantom limb pain. EMDR has also been found to improve stress management symptoms. EMDR has been found to reduce suicidal ideation, and help low self-esteem. Other studies focus on effectiveness in substance craving and pain management. EMDR may help people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who suffer from exposure to distressing events. Reviews A 2013 overall literature review covered research up to that time. A 2020 systematic review and meta-analysis was the "first systematic review of randomized trials examining the effects of EMDR for any mental health problem." The authors concluded: "it is evident that the long-term effects of EMDR are unclear, and... there is certainly not enough evidence to advise its use in patients with mental health