stone, is gleaned. The Ojibwe use both the red and black stone for their sacred pipes. Catlinite is often used to make the hollow tubes in pipeclay triangles. Other varieties of pipestone A large range of pipestones exist, not just those in Minnesota, and numerous Native American tribes use a variety of materials in addition to catlinite for pipemaking. Pipe clay Smoking pipes molded from wet clay are different from those where the bowl is carved from solid pipestone and then fitted with a wooden stem (as is the case with Catlinite pipes). The Eastern Band Cherokee are social smokers, and use molded clay pipes for this purpose. In the United Kingdom, since the 17th century "pipe-clay" has meant a pale, whitish clay. The Oxford English Dictionary defines it as "fine white kind of clay, which forms a ductile paste with water". It is traditionally used for all sorts of polishing and whitening purposes as well as for making tobacco pipes and pottery. Notes References Sigstad, John S. (1970) "A Field Test for Catlinite". American Antiquity 35:3. pp. 377–382. External links Mississippi Valley Archaeology Center at the University of Wisconsin - La Crosse: Describes the process of making pipes from Catlinite Pipestone Artifacts from Upper Mississippi Valley Sites by J. T. Penman and J.N. Gundersen in the Plains Anthropologist Native American sculpture Native American religion Hardstone carving Pipestone County, Minnesota