the intradermal nozzle. 1966: Oscar Banker, an engineer, patented his invention of a portable multi-use nozzle jet injector that utilizes as its energy source. This would become known as the Med-E-Jet. September 1966: The Star Trek series started to use its own jet injector device under the name "hypospray". 1967: Nicaraguans undergoing smallpox vaccinations nicknamed the gun-like jet injectors (Ped-O-Jet and Med-E-Jet) as "la pistola de la paz", meaning "the pistol of peace". The name "Peace Guns" stuck. 1976: The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) published a book called War on Hunger which detailed the War Against Smallpox which Ismach's Jet Injector gun was used to eradicate the disease in Africa and Asia. The US government spent $150 million a year to prevent its recurrence in North America. 1986: A hepatitis B outbreak occurs amongst 57 patients at a Los Angeles clinic due to a Med-E-Jet injector. 1997: The US Department of Defense, the jet injector's biggest user, announced that it would stop using it for mass vaccinations due to concerns about infection. 2003: The US Department of Veterans Affairs recognized for the first time that a veteran acquired Hepatitis C from his military jet injections and awarded service-connection for his disability. April 2010: A laser-based reusable microjet injector for transdermal drug delivery was made by Tae-hee Han and Jack J. Yoh. February 13, 2013: The PharmaJet Stratis Needle-Free Injector received WHO PQS Certification. 2013: The most comprehensive review and history of jet injection to date is published in the 6th edition of the textbook Vaccines. August 14, 2014: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of the PharmaJet Stratis 0.5ml Needle-free Jet Injector for delivery of one particular flu vaccine (AFLURIA by bioCSL Inc.) in people 18 through 64 years of age. References External links Problems in use of jet injectors by diabetics Memory Alpha (Star Trek Wiki) page about the hypospray Medical equipment Drug delivery devices Dosage forms American inventions