at Yale (Skull and Bones, founded 1832; Scroll and Key, founded 1842; and Wolf's Head, founded 1884). Other such groups had emerged at Cornell, Dartmouth, Columbia and the University of Pennsylvania, among others. Many others were started at U.S. universities and colleges in the years to come. Michigamua's first cadres chose their successors chiefly on the basis of popularity and "a reputation for originality and class 'deviltry,'" all with the aim of promoting "good class fellowship." But leadership soon emerged as the key criterion. By 1908, an observer reported the group "aims to draw its members, quite in the manner of the Yale senior societies, from the leaders in all prominent undergraduate activities, studious, social and athletic." Members made efforts to spread invitations roughly equally among fraternity members and "independents." Michigamua's founding ignited a craze for honor societies at Michigan, including, among others, Vulcans (senior men in Engineering, founded in 1904); Barristers (Law School, 1904); Mortar Board (a chapter, founded in 1906, of the national honorary society for senior women); Sphinx (junior men in LSA, 1906); Druids (senior men in LSA, later expanded to seniors in all academic units except Engineering, 1909); Triangles (junior men in Engineering, 1907); and Galens (Medical School, 1914). Michigamua was recognized as preeminent. To make up each new cadre, graduating seniors every spring would choose ten successors from the junior class. The following fall, those ten would choose more members (from 10 to as many as 25) to make up the full "tribe" for that year. Later, all new members would be chosen in the spring of their junior year to make up the following year's membership, with the total limited to 25. Native American themes Michigamua was not unusual among fraternal organizations in drawing motifs from an idealized past. The Freemasons, for example, claimed connections to the biblical King Solomon, the Knights of Columbus to the medieval Knights Templar. College honoraries followed suit, with groups calling themselves "Sphinx," for instance, to invoke connections to ancient Egypt. Michigamua was unusual among college honorary societies in its use of Native American themes. (The Iron Arrow Honor Society at the University of Miami [Florida], founded in 1926, purported to follow Seminole tradition.) But it drew on ample precedent. White Americans had been masquerading as Indians for various purposes since before the American Revolution. The colonists who posed as Mohawks in the Boston Tea Party of 1773 are