minimized or shelved by the UN’s Organization of Internal Oversight Services (OIOS). MONUC officials say nothing of substance about mining in Congo, which proceeds in parallel with the bloodletting, arms trading and extortion. For example, Anvil Mining has been involved in massacres in DRC. Anvil directors include former U.S. Ambassador Kenneth Brown, who served at U.S. embassies in Brussels, Kinshasa, Congo-Brazzaville and South Africa. Brown was Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Africa (1987-1989) under George Shultz and George H.W. Bush and Director of Central African Affairs (1980-1981). Interestingly, Brown succeeded William Lacy Swing—head of MONUC in DRC—as Ambassador to the Republic of Congo (Brazzaville). Meanwhile, the former top internal intelligence and security chief of the United Nations Observer’s Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) has been worked for Anvil mining in Katanga since 2006. See also Ituri conflict Kivu conflict Second Congo War United Nations Operation in the Congo References Further reading Séverine Autesserre, The Trouble with the Congo: Local Violence and the Failure of International Peacebuilding"', Cambridge University Press, 2010. Joshua Kucera, "Rough Ride: UN Forces face Tough Challenges restoring stability in the DRC", Jane's Defence Weekly, 13 September 2006 Miller, Eric, "The Inability of Peacekeeping to Address the Security Dilemma," 2010. Shabbir Ahsan, The peacekeeper'', 2007. External links Official site UN MONUC site Indian Air Force in MONUC Foreign Policy: Prime numbers – Soldiers of Misfortune -Mai/June 2009 issue- History of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Ituri conflict Politics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Second Congo War United Nations operations in the Democratic Republic of the Congo United Nations Security Council mandates Military operations involving India Pakistan military presence in other countries Congo, Democratic Republic 1999 establishments in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Democratic Republic of the Congo and the United Nations