loaded Armstrong guns. Re-armament: the 1880s - 1890s Between 1886 and 1892, major modifications were made to three of the bastions to accommodate new armaments, 6inch B.L. MkIV guns on Mark IV Hydropneumatic Disappearing mountings. These modifications included cutting down the bastions and infilling them internally, and the creation of new magazines underneath. By 1892, the fort was equipped with three BLs, two RMLs and 1 64 pounder. The fort in the 20th century Fort Cumberland remained in military ownership for most of the twentieth century, serving as a base for the Royal Marine Artillery howitzer and anti aircraft brigade, and later for the Royal Marine Mobile Naval Base Defence Organisation, as an experimental and training centre. Beginning in 1938, Fort Cumberland also provided space for the Inter-Service Training and Development Centre. The fort saw brief action during the Second World War when, on August 26, 1940, it was hit by a German air raid in which eight Royal Marines were killed, amongst them Second Lieutenant Harold Jameson. It was used by the Royal Marines into the 1970s. In 1964 the fort was scheduled as an ancient monument, and subsequently taken into the guardianship of English Heritage in 1975. Since that time, the fort has served as a base for English Heritage's archaeological team, the Central Archaeology Service (formerly the Central Excavation Unit). In 1998, the Ancient Monuments Laboratory were relocated to the fort, leading to the creation of a new Centre for Archaeology. Currently access is limited to pre-booked guided tours. The Fort is now a Grade II* Listed Building, and many of its surrounding buildings, for example the Guard House, Hospital and Officers' Quarters, are Listed Grade II. Gallery References Notes Sources External links English Heritage website information Victorian Forts data sheet Napoleonic war forts in England Palmerston Forts Forts in Portsmouth English Heritage sites in Hampshire Grade II* listed buildings in Hampshire Grade II* listed forts Military installations established in 1747 1747 establishments in England Military installations closed in the 1970s 1970s disestablishments in England