as miners or tunnellers, but some feed on fungi, scavenge on dead animals, are parasitoids usually of other insects (some Zygaenoidea) or are detritivores, and Hyposmocoma molluscivora even feeds on live snails. Adult moths feed with mandibles on spores and pollen (Micropterigidae) on dew (e.g. Eriocraniidae), with their proboscises on nectar (many groups e.g. Choreutidae) or are simply nonfeeding with mouthparts reduced or absent. The larvae of many smaller moths are considered economic pests, causing damage to plants, as well as fabrics and other man-made goods. Commonly noticed "micros" include the plume moth and the various species of clothes moth. Main groups The list below is ordered initially in approximate order of species diversity and ecological abundance. The first four superfamilies listed here may comprise 90% of species in a sample of smaller moths and the listed characters may be of some assistance to sort these out, particularly the form of the labial palp and scaling of the proboscis (Robinson et al. 2001). 1. Curved horn moths, twirler moths, case-bearers and allies – 16,250 spp. Gelechioidea: Head smooth-scaled, labial palps usually are slender, recurved, with the terminal segment long and pointed; the long proboscis bears scales on basal half. Resting posture very varied. Gelechiidae – twirler moths Oecophoridae – concealer moths Lecithoceridae – tropical longhorned moths Cosmopterigidae – cosmet moths Coleophoridae – case-bearers Elachistidae – grass-miner miners Momphidae – mompha moths Ethmiidae Blastobasidae – scavenger moths Batrachedridae – flower moths Scythrididae – flower moths Pterolonchidae – lance-wing moths Symmocidae Agonoxenidae – palm moths Holcopogonidae Metachandidae 2. Pyralids, snout moths and grass moths – 16,000 spp. Pyraloidea: Head rough-scaled, proboscis scaled, tympanal organs on abdomen; labial palps usually not recurved, terminal segment usually blunt. Hindwing veins ("Sc" + "R1") and "Rs" are close or fused in the middle of the wing; resting posture usually either with wings tightly rolled or and held quite flat to surface in triangular shape and with labial palps often projecting forward, giving Concorde-like appearance; antennae often swept back parallel together over body. Generally they are considered the closest group to 'macrolepidoptera', and maybe ancestral to it, macrolepidoptera itself is not a universally accepted taxon. Pyralidae – pyrales or snout moths Crambidae – grass moths 3. Tortrix moths, leaf-roller moths, bell moths, codling moths and allies – 6,200 spp. Tortricidae: Head rough-scaled, labial palps with short blunt apical segment, basal half of proboscis not scaled; wings held