lively critiques of persons and ideas both past and present. Cantor was intellectually conservative and expressed deep skepticism about what he saw as methodological fads, particularly Marxism and postmodernism, but he also argued for greater inclusion of women and minorities in traditional historical narratives. In his books Inventing the Middle Ages (1991) and Inventing Norman Cantor (2002), he reflected on his strained relationship over the years with other historians and with academia in general. Upon retirement in 1999, Cantor moved to Miami, Florida, where he continued to work on several books up to the time of his death, including the New York Times bestseller In the Wake of the Plague (2001). He was also editor of Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages (1999). He died of a heart failure in Miami at the age of 74. Select bibliography of Cantor's publications The Medieval World 300-1300 (Macmillan, 1963) ('Norman Cantor, Civilization of the Middle Ages, p. 2.) Medieval History: The Life and Death of a Civilization (Macmillan, 1963) William Stubbs on the English Constitution (Crowell, 1966) How to Study History (with Richard I. Schneider) (Crowell, 1967). A textbook that lays out fundamental methods and principles, including the uses of primary and secondary sources. . The Age of Protest: Dissent and Rebellion in the Twentieth Century (Hawthorne Books, 1969) . The English: a history of politics and society to 1760 (Simon and Schuster, 1969). Western Civilization, Its Genesis and Destiny: the Modern Heritage: From 1500 to the Present (with Kathleen Bolster Greenfield and Francis L. Loewenheim) (Scott, Foresman, 1971) . Perspectives on the European Past: Conversations with Historians (Macmillan, 1971). Medieval Society, 400-1450 (with Michael S. Werthman) (Crowell, 1972) The Meaning of the Middle Ages: A Sociological and Cultural History (Allyn and Bacon, 1973). Twentieth-Century Culture: Modernism to Deconstruction (P. Lang, 1988) (). Inventing the Middle Ages: The Lives, Works and Ideas of the Great Medievalists of the Twentieth Century, (W. Morrow, 1991). Noting that the Middle Ages were not perceived as such until the 20th century, he presents a historiography of views of the Middle Ages in 20 vitae of seminal historians and other shapers of contemporary perception, including C. S. Lewis and J. R. R. Tolkien. The Civilization of the Middle Ages (Harper Collins, 1993). A revision of the bestseller Medieval History: The Life and Death of a Civilization (1963). (). The Sacred Chain: A History of the Jews (HarperCollins, 1994)