(2) emotive words. Emotive words are those that equate to a certain extent to diminutives in languages such as Irish, Dutch and German, where specific suffixes are added to show 'diminutive' status (-ín, -je and -chen/-el/-lein respectively). Emotive words include familiar kinship terms [the equivalent of English Mum, Dad and the like] and words used in emotive contexts such as singing/poetry. Final i-glide deletion A small class of words in Kalau Kawau Ya do not have the final i-glide found in the other dialects, including the following: banana plant: KLY/KulY/KY dawai, KKY dawa spot, stain: KLY/KulY/KY burkui (bœrkui), KKY bœrku (burku) blank skink: KLY/KulY/KY mogai, KKY Saibai/Dœwan mogo, Bœigu moga old: KLY/KulY/KY kulbai, KKY kulba a short while, first before doing something else: KLY/KulY/KY mamui, KKY mamu birth cord: KLY/KulY/KY kùpai, KKY kùpa Word forms in neighbouring languages as well in the Kauraraigau Ya (Kowrareg) of the mid-to-late 19th century, such as the Meriam Mìr kopor and Kauraraigau Ya kupar/kopar 'birth cord' show that in such words the final -i/Ø are the modern forms of older *ɾ. Syntax The main syntactic differences are: Verb negative construction In all dialects except Kalau Kawau Ya, the verb negative is the nominalised privative form of the verbal noun. As this form in itself a noun, its subject and direct object are cast in the genitive: Ngath waapi purthanu 'I ate a fish' Ngai stuwaka uzarima 'I went to the store' Ngau wapiu purthaiginga 'I didn't eat a fish' Ngau stuwaka uzaraiginga 'I didn't go to the store' The Kalau Kawau Ya dialect uses the verbal noun privative form as an invariable verb negative: Ngath waapi purthanu 'I ate a fish' Ngai stuwapa uzarima 'I went to the store' Ngath waapi purthaiginga 'I didn't eat a fish' Ngai stuwapa uzaraiginga 'I didn't go to the store' Verb tenses/aspects The Kalau Kawau Ya dialect has the tenses and aspects listed in the section on verb morphology. The other dialects have largely lost the remote future tense, using the habitual instead; the remote future in the other dialects is retained most commonly as a 'future imperative', where the imperative refers to a vague period in the future. The Kalaw Lagaw Ya dialect also has a 'last night' tense, where the adverb bungil/bungel (reduced form bel) 'last night' has become a verb postclitic, following the model of the adverb ngùl 'yesterday', which had previously become grammaticalised as