sometimes also 5d-5a) Historical nomenclature in South America Caracoles (Río Frío) glaciation Río Llico (Colegual) glaciation Santa María (Casma) glaciation Valdivia interglacial (MIS 5e) Llanquihue glaciation (at least MIS 4-2) Uncertain correlations It has proved difficult to correlate the traditional regional names with the global marine and ice core sequences. The indexes of MIS often identify several distinct glaciations that overlap in time with a single traditional regional glaciation. Some modern authors use the traditional regional glacial names to identify such a sequence of glaciations, whereas others replace the word "glaciation" with "complex" to refer to a continuous period of time that also includes warmer stages. As shown in the table below, it is only during the last 200-300 thousand years that the time resolution of the traditional nomenclature allow for clear correspondence with MIS indexes. In particular there has been a lot of controversy regarding the glaciations MIS 10 and MIS 12, and their correspondence to the Elster and Mindel glaciations of Europe. Sources For sources to the tables, see the individual linked articles. See also (about 780,000 years ago) References External links 1004 + xv pp. (book downloadable as series of PDF files) (Correlation Chart of European Quaternary and cultural stages and fossils) Ice ages Glaciation Glaciology Paleoclimatology