a Costa Rican, it is commonly considered fake and effeminate. El Salvador: a two-tiered system is used, that indicates the degree of respect or trust: usted, vos. Usted expresses distance and respect; vos corresponds to an intermediate level, expressing familiarity, but not deep trust but also the pronoun of maximum familiarity and solidarity, and also lack of respect. But sometimes parents even address their young children as usted. Countries where it is extensive, but not predominant In South America: Bolivia: in the Lowlands of Eastern Bolivia—with mestizo, Criollo and German descendants majority—(Santa Cruz, Beni, Pando, Tarija and the Lowlands of La Paz) voseo is used universally; while in the Highlands of Western Bolivia—with indigenous peoples majority—(highlands of La Paz, Oruro, Potosí, Chuquisaca and Cochabamba) tú is predominant, but there is still a strong use of voseo, especially in verb forms. Chile: verbal voseo is spreading north- and southwards from the center, whereas pronominal voseo is reserved only for very intimate situations or to offend someone. In addition, voseo in Chile is only used in informal situations; in every other situation, the normal tú or usted pronouns are used. Countries where voseo occurs in some areas In the following countries, voseo is used in certain areas: Colombia, in the departments: in the west (Pacific Coast) Chocó Valle del Cauca Cauca Nariño in the center, primarily Paisa Region (Departments of Antioquia, Risaralda, Quindío, and Caldas). in the (North) East Norte de Santander - Ocaña Region La Guajira Cesar Cuba in the eastern side of the country Ecuador in the Sierra, the center, and Esmeraldas Panama in the west along the border to Costa Rica Puerto Rico at the eastern end of the island, in Fajardo, a frequent voseo that is not shared by cultured speakers. Venezuela, in the northwest (primarily in Zulia State) Philippines, among Chavacano speakers in Mindanao and Luzón, but is otherwise absent in standard Spanish. Mexico, widely used in the countryside of the state of Chiapas, it is becoming rare in Yucatán, Tabasco and Quintana Roo. Mainly used by not-enrolled indigenous people. Peru, in some areas in both the Northern and Southern ends of the country. Countries where vos is virtually absent from usage In the following countries, the use of vos has disappeared completely and is not used at all. Spain Dominican Republic Equatorial Guinea Synchronic analysis of Chilean and River Plate verbal voseo The traditional assumption that