The chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta), also known as dog salmon or keta salmon, is a species of anadromous salmonid fish from the genus Oncorhynchus (Pacific salmon) native to the coastal rivers of the North Pacific and the Beringian Arctic, and is often marketed under the trade name silverbrite salmon in North America. The English name "chum salmon" comes from the Chinook Jargon term tzum, meaning "spotted" or "marked"; while keta in the scientific name comes from Russian, which in turn comes from the Evenki language of Eastern Siberia. In Japan, chum salmon is also known as the , or simply , while historically it was known in kun'yomi as up until the Meiji period. In Greater China, it is known academically as the "hook-snout salmon" (), but is more often called the damaha fish (), which is borrowed from dawa ịmaχa, the Nanai name of the fish used by the Hezhe minority in northern Northeast China. Description The body of the chum salmon is deeper than most salmonid species. In common with other species found in the Pacific, the anal fin has 12 to 20 rays, compared with a maximum of 12 in European species. Chum have an ocean coloration of silvery blue green with some indistinct spotting in a darker shade, and a rather paler belly. When they move into fresh water the color changes to dark olive green and the belly color deepens. When adults are near spawning, they have purple blotchy streaks near the caudal peduncle, darker towards the tail. Spawning males typically grow an elongated snout or kype, their lower fins become tipped with white and they have enlarged teeth. Some researchers speculate these characteristics are used to compete for mates. Sizes Adult chum salmon usually weigh from with an average length of . The all-tackle world record for chum recognized by the IGFA is and caught by Todd Johansson on July 11, 1995 at Edye Pass (a channel between Prescott and Porcher Islands in the Hecate Strait) in the North Coast region of British Columbia; while the all-tackle length world record is caught by Vicki D. Martin on October 20, 2021 at Wynoochee River in Washington. Life cycle Chum live for an average of 3 to 5 years, and chum in Alaska mature at the age of 5 years. Spawning Most chum salmon spawn in small streams and intertidal zones. Some chum travel more than