language keyword . Assume the implementation of is altered as follows: message -- Precursor do print ("Warning: Dates in calendar are closer than they appear.%N") Precursor end Invocation of the feature now includes the execution of , and produces the following output: Warning: Dates in calendar are closer than they appear. I feel like I am diagonally parked in a parallel universe. Java In Java, when a subclass contains a method that overrides a method of the superclass, it can also invoke the superclass method by using the keyword . Example: class Thought { public void message() { System.out.println("I feel like I am diagonally parked in a parallel universe."); } } public class Advice extends Thought { @Override // @Override annotation in Java 5 is optional but helpful. public void message() { System.out.println("Warning: Dates in calendar are closer than they appear."); } } Class represents the superclass and implements a method call . The subclass called inherits every method that could be in the class. However, class overrides the method , replacing its functionality from . Thought parking = new Thought(); parking.message(); // Prints "I feel like I am diagonally parked in a parallel universe." Thought dates = new Advice(); // Polymorphism dates.message(); // Prints "Warning: Dates in calendar are closer than they appear." The reference can be public class Advice extends Thought { @Override public void message() { System.out.println("Warning: Dates in calendar are closer than they appear."); super.message(); // Invoke parent's version of method. } There are methods that a subclass cannot override. For example, in Java, a method that is declared final in the super class cannot be overridden. Methods that are declared private or static cannot be overridden either because they are implicitly final. It is also impossible for a class that is declared final to become a super class. Kotlin In Kotlin we can simply override a function like this (note that the function must be ): fun main() { val p = Parent(5) val c = Child(6) p.myFun() c.myFun() } open class Parent(val a : Int) { open fun myFun() = println(a) } class Child(val b : Int) : Parent(b) { override fun myFun() = println("overrided method") } Python In Python, when a subclass contains a method that overrides a method of the superclass, you can also call the superclass method by calling instead of . Example: class Thought: def __init__(self) -> None: print("I'm a