Horatio Phillipps has a patent issued for curved aerofoil sections. Goupil publishes his book on La Locomotion Aérienne. 1885 The Prussian Airship Arm (Preussische Luftschiffer Abteilung) becomes a permanent unit of the army. The British Army deploys observation balloons in Sudan to take part in the expedition to Suakin during the Mahdist War. Frenchmen Hervé and Alluard achieve a hot air balloon flight of over 24 hours. John J. Montgomery experiments with a second glider in California. 1886 John J. Montgomery conducts studies on the flow of water and air over angles surfaces and experiments with a third glider in California. 1887 30 January – Thomas Scott Baldwin makes the first parachute jump in the western United States at San Francisco from a tethered balloon owned by Park Van Tassel and using a parachute co-invented with Park Van Tassel. 1888 Wölfert flies a petrol powered dirigible at Seelburg, the first use of a petrol-fuelled engine for aviation purposes. The engine was built by Gottlieb Daimler. 4 July – Clara Van Tassel makes the first parachute jump by a woman in the western United States at Los Angeles from a balloon operated by her husband Park Van Tassel. 1889 Percival G. Spencer makes a successful parachute jump from a balloon at Drumcondra, Ireland Otto Lilienthal publishes in his book Der Vogelflug als Grundlage der Fliegekunst (Bird Flight as the Basis for the Art of Aviation) measurements on wings, so called polar diagrams, which are the concept of description of artificial wings even today. The book gives a reference for the advantages of the arched wing. Pichancourt develops a mechanical bird which aimed to imitate the motion of a bird's wings in flight. Lawrence Hargrave, a British immigrant to Australia, constructs a rotary engine driven by compressed air. A British Army observation balloon section takes part in the Army Manoeuvres at Aldershot. 1890s - 1900 1890 The British Army establishes a Balloon Section of the Royal Engineers, commanded by Lieutenant H. B. Jones. A balloon factory and a ballooning school support the new section. 9 October – The first brief flight of Clément Ader's steam-powered fixed-wing aircraft Eole takes place in Satory, France. It flies uncontrolled approximately at a height of before crashing, but it is the first take-off of a powered airplane solely under its own power. 1891 Otto Lilienthal flies about in his Derwitzer Glider. Clément Ader makes a second