with 11% of fly balls being infield pop-ups. Special cases The following have special rules considerations. Infield fly A specific rule applies to infielders attempting to catch some fly balls: the infield fly rule, which has specific context. If (and only if) there are less than two outs and there are baserunners on first base and second base (or the bases are loaded) a fly ball "which can be caught by an infielder with ordinary effort" results in the batter being called out, regardless of if the ball is caught. This rule is in place to prevent infielders from intentionally not catching the ball and being able to record multiple outs via a force play. An infield fly is verbally declared by an umpire, whose decision "should be made immediately". Umpires commonly also give a visual indication by pointing straight up in the air with their right arm. If a batted ball declared to be an infield fly is left untouched and it comes to rest (or is first touched) in foul territory before passing first base or third base, it is treated the same as any other foul ball (that is, the batter is not automatically out). The infield fly rule was adopted in 1895. Foul tip By rule, a foul tip is "a batted ball that goes sharp and direct from the bat to the catcher's hands and is legally caught." A foul tip is considered to be the same as a regular strike, thus a foul tip (that is caught per the definition) with two strikes already against the batter results in a strikeout. This provision has been part of baseball rules since 1895. Bunt A bunt is a special type of batted ball. Bunts occur when pitched balls are "intentionally met with the bat" rather than being swung at. A ball that is bunted by a batter may be fair or foul, and while generally it does not travel very far, it may be a ground ball (the desired outcome), pop-up, or (rarely) line drive. Foul bunt Unlike other types of batted balls, for which a third strike is not assessed when a foul ball is hit with two strikes in the count, a third strike is assessed to the batter when a two-strike bunt goes foul, resulting in a strikeout. This rule originated as early as 1894 in response to batters intentionally bunting pitches foul