War this reached a peak with much discussion about the ethics of this process. Proponents of the PIE and BICEPS principles argue that it leads to a reduction of long-term disability but opponents argue that combat stress reactions lead to long-term problems such as post-traumatic stress disorder. The use of psychiatric drugs to treat people with CSR has also attracted criticism, as some military psychiatrists have come to question the efficacy of such drugs on the long-term health of veterans. Concerns have been expressed as to the effect of pharmaceutical treatment on an already elevated substance abuse rate among former people with CSR. Recent research has caused an increasing number of scientists to believe that there may be a physical (i.e., neurocerebral damage) rather than psychological basis for blast trauma. As traumatic brain injury and combat stress reaction have very different causes yet result in similar neurologic symptoms, researchers emphasize the need for greater diagnostic care. See also Acute stress disorder Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (modern treatment) Lack of Moral Fibre Shell shock Social alienation – among returning war veterans References Further reading A Review on the Disarm Doctumentary Corns, Cathryn and Hughes-Wilson, John (2001) Blindfold and Alone – British Military Executions in the Great War (Cassell) Lamprecht, Friedhelm and Sack, Martin, "Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Revisited" Dispatches: Lessons learned for Soldiers; Stress Injury and Operational Deployments, The Army Lessons Learned Centre, Canadian Forces Base Kingston, Vol. 10, No. 1, February 2004. Tyquin, M. Madness and the Military: Australia's Experience in the Great War. AMHP, Sydney, 2006. External links Glossary of Traumatology DCoE National Center for Telehealth and Technology Mortar attacks becoming routine for troops in Afghanistan A Matter of Duty: The Continuing War Against PTSD Documentary produced by the Maine Public Broadcasting Network Aftermath of war Military psychiatry Psychological stress Military medicine Anxiety disorders