Championnats d'orthographe (Spelling Championships) with linguist Micheline Sommant, which in 1992 became Championnats mondiaux d'orthographe (World Spelling Championships), then the Dicos d'or (Golden Dictionaries) in 1993. These yearly contests are held in three phases: During the spring, selection tests are organised with the press, in particular with Lire, and in a few local communities (e.g. schools). These are multiple-choice questionnaires. During the fall, the selected candidates meet region by region at the semi-finals. They are again given multiple-choice questionnaires, plus a dictation. During winter, the finals are held in one place. There are four categories: school juniors, juniors, professional seniors and amateur seniors. Participation is free of charge, except for the cost of the magazines that publish the selection tests. Partial filmography Apostrophes (1975–1986) Bouillon de culture (1991–2001) Double je (2002–2005) Bernard Pivot and James Lipton James Lipton was inspired to create Inside the Actors Studio by a chance viewing of a Pivot program on cable TV. Lipton adapted Pivot's use of a Proust Questionnaire to one that he himself used at the end of each episode of Inside the Actors Studio. However, the question "If God exists, what would you like Him to tell you when you're dead?" was considered potentially offensive to US audiences and replaced by a more acceptable "If heaven exists, what would you like to hear God say when you arrive at the pearly gates?" Pivot became aware that Lipton was inspired by his questionnaire and invited him to appear on the final episode of Bouillon de culture. Controversies On 26 November 1973, Pivot invited the pedophile novelist Tony Duvert onto his show Ouvrez les guillemets. Duvert refused, letting his editor and supporters Jérôme Lindon and Alain Robbe-Grillet promote his book. In January 1975, Yves Berger, the literary director of Éditions Grasset and Pierre Sabbagh's cultural adviser on the 2nd channel of French television, convinces Jacqueline Baudrier in charge of the 1st channel to replace Marc Gilbert's Italics with Pivot's Ouvrez les guillemets talk show. On 30 May 1975, he received Vladimir Nabokov, the author of Lolita on Apostrophes; on 12 December 1976, Michel Foucault, who criticised psychoanalysis and "contractual sexuality" based on consent or non-consent, with René Schérer, Guy Hocquenghem and François Châtelet; on 14 October 1983, Renaud Camus, defender of the pedophile cause; on 23 April 1982, Daniel Cohn-Bendit, who described having ambiguous relations with children in kindergarten; on 2 March 1990, Gabriel