it each year – making it the world's top infectious killer (before COVID-19 pandemic). However, there is a lack of sources which describe major TB epidemics with definite time spans and death tolls. According to the World Health Organization, there are about 296 million people living with chronic hepatitis B, with 1.5 million new infections each year. In 2019, hepatitis B caused about 820,000 deaths, mostly from cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (primary liver cancer). In many places of Asia and Africa, hepatitis B has become endemic. In addition, a person is sometimes infected with both hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HIV, and this population (about 2.7 million) accounts for about 1% of the total HBV infections. According to the World Health Organization, there are approximately 58 million people with chronic hepatitis C, with about 1.5 million new infections occurring per year. In 2019, approximately 290,000 people died from the disease, mostly from cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (primary liver cancer). There have been many hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemics in history. Chronology Events in are ongoing. See also Explanatory notes References Further reading Barry, John M. The Great Influenza. New York: Viking Penguin, 2018 ("Spanish flu" epidemic 1918–1919). Defoe, Daniel. A Journal of the Plague Year. Zweihandler Press, 2019 (London bubonic plague 1665). Eisenberg, Merle, and Lee Mordechai. "The Justinianic Plague and Global Pandemics: The Making of the Plague Concept." American Historical Review 125.5 (2020): 1632–1667. Fenn, Elizabeth A. Pox Americana: The Great Smallpox Epidemic of 1775–82. New York: Hill & Wang, 2001. Seager, Nicholas. "Lies, Damned Lies, and Statistics: Epistemology and Fiction in Defoe's 'A Journal of the Plague Year'." The Modern Language Review (2008): 639–653. External links Disease outbreaks Globalization-related lists Lists by death toll Lists of disasters