even detonated their bombs on airplanes According to Marc Sagement, who takes part in the Foreign Policy Research Institute's Center for the Study of Terrorism, there is a strong relationship between becoming a Black Widow and having personal connections to terror networks. In other words, recruitment of Black Widows usually occurs through friendships or familial relationships. Approximately, twenty seven percent of Black Widows were married or had personal connections to terrorists before becoming terrorists themselves. Further, Black Widows had similar prior experiences before becoming terrorists. These prior experiences include losing close family members that resulted from conflicts with the Russian forces. Although Chechen suicide bombers do not have personality disorders prior to becoming terrorists, research shows that they have deep personal trauma, which leads them to embrace terrorist ideologies causing them to join the Black Widows. Furthermore, Chechens believe it is ethically correct to take revenge if one's loved ones has passed away. Another perspective of how Black Widows form is that after post traumatic events, people in general, not just Chechen women, tend to turn to extreme religious views to form a sense of identity and belonging. Thus, jihadist ideologies provides this medium for Chechen women who experienced extreme post traumatic experiences thus transforming them into Black Widows. Combined with personal trauma, cultural responsibility for social justice, and extreme religious viewpoints to take revenge, these factors mold Chechen women to become Black Widows. Motives There have been claims by Yulia Yuzik a Russian journalist and author of Bride's of Allah that many of the women who have been sold by their parents are used as shahidkas, others have been kidnapped or tricked. She also claims that many have been prepared to be suicide bombers by through narcotics and rape. Several were pregnant at the time. Besayev, who is a leader of the Chechen independence movement and terrorist, also argued that women are trained for their missions. In addition, Michael Radu argued that these women are specifically trained for suicide attacks. On the other hand, independent journalists including Robert W. Kurz and Charles K. Bartles reject this view, stating that in most cases female Chechen suicide bombers do not fit this model. Mostly, female terrorists are given no training at all in preparation for the suicides as no weapon skill is needed to strap on the explosives. Many do not even blow themselves up, but are blown up by remote