operational service. In such cases, however, the 1939–1945 Star could not be awarded for service of less than 180 days. Service ashore Army, Naval and Air Force personnel serving ashore in those territories which had been subjected to enemy or allied invasions had no prior time restriction and qualified upon entry into the prescribed area of land operations. Qualifying service on land was restricted to operational service in the following territories in which there had been enemy or Allied invasions, service in Burma excluded and all dates inclusive: Bismarck Archipelago from 22 January 1942 to 2 September 1945. British North Borneo, Brunei, Sarawak and Dutch Borneo from 8 December 1941 to 2 September 1945. Caroline Islands from 8 December 1941 to 2 September 1945. Celebes from 26 January 1942 to 2 September 1945. China from 11 December 1941 to 15 February 1942. Gilbert and Ellice Islands from 10 December 1941 to 2 September 1945. Guam from 12 December 1941 to 2 September 1945. Hong Kong from 8 December 1941 to 25 December 1941. Iwo Jima from 8 December 1941 to 25 December 1941. Java from 5 March 1942 to 2 September 1945. Malaya from 8 December 1941 to 15 February 1942. Marianas from 8 December 1941 to 2 September 1945. Marshall Islands from 8 December 1941 to 2 September 1945. Molucca Islands from 30 January 1942 to 2 September 1945. Nauru from 8 December 1941 to 2 September 1945. New Guinea from 7 March 1942 to 2 September 1945. Ocean Island from 8 December 1941 to 2 September 1945. Okinawa from 8 December 1941 to 2 September 1945. Philippines Islands from 10 December 1941 to 2 September 1945. Solomon Islands (British Solomon Islands Protectorate and Australian Mandated Territory) from 1 February 1942 to 2 September 1945. Sumatra from 14 February 1942 to 23 March 1942. Timor from 20 February 1942 to 2 September 1945. Wake Island from 22 December 1941 to 2 September 1945. Service in China, Hong Kong, Malaya and Sumatra after the respective end dates listed above was recognised by the award of the Burma Star. Service in Norfolk Island, New Caledonia, New Hebrides, Fiji Islands, Tonga Islands, Phoenix Islands and Fanning Island did not qualify for the Pacific Star. Airborne Service Air crew engaged in operations against the enemy qualified, provided they had already earned the 1939–1945 Star and had completed at least one operational sortie over