Promession is an idea of how to dispose human remains by way of freeze drying. The concept of promession was developed by Swedish biologist Susanne Wiigh-Mäsak, who derived the name from the Italian word for "promise" (promessa). She founded Promessa Organic AB in 1997 to commercially pursue her idea. The company went bankrupt in 2015 without being able to produce a functioning facility. The idea of promession is questioned and not a functional method according to critics. Process The idea of promession involves five steps: Coffin separation: the body is placed into the chamber Cryogenic freezing: liquid nitrogen at −196 °C crystallizes the body Vibration: the body is disintegrated into particles within minutes Freeze drying: particles are freeze dried in a drying chamber, leaving approximately 30% of the original weight Metal separation: any metals (e.g., tooth amalgam, artificial hips, etc.) are removed, either by magnetism or by sieving. The dry powder is placed in a biodegradable casket which is interred in the top layers of soil, where aerobic bacteria decompose the remains into humus in as little as 6–12 months. Criticism Promession as a functional method is questioned. No facility for promession has been built or put into service. Critics argue that there is a physical impossibility to atomize a freeze dried human body in this way. Current status The company was liquidated 2015 without being able to produce a functioning module or facility. See also Alkaline hydrolysis (death custom) Natural burial References External links http://www.promessa.se Promessa Website Death customs Biodegradable waste management 1997 introductions Italian words and phrases