International Institute for Management Development (IMD) is a university institute with campuses in Lausanne, Switzerland and Singapore. For more than 75 years, IMD has been a pioneering force in developing leaders who transform organizations and contribute to society. IMD is well known for its MBA program, which is taught in English and consistently ranked among the best in the world. History and mission IMD was formed in January 1990 through the merger of independent management education centers International Management Institute (Geneva) (IMI), established in 1946 by Alcan, and Institut pour l'Etude des Methodes de Direction de l'Entreprise (IMEDE) Lausanne established in 1957 by Nestlé. The new organization, the International Institute for Management Development (IMD), settled in Lausanne. The history of IMEDE and its merger with IMI is documented in Jean-Pierre Jeannet and Hein Schreuder (2015, chapters 2 and 4). Its industrial heritage is unusual for business schools, which are usually university-affiliated. IMD business school solely provides executive education; it is determinedly not part of a university, and there are no academic departments, just one integrated multidisciplinary faculty. The professors do not have permanent academic tenure but work under one-year contracts and a performance-based pay package. The faculty consists of 50 full-time members, made up of 21 different nationalities. The current president is Jean-Francois Manzoni, who follows Dominique Turpin, John R. Wells, Peter Lorange, and Juan Rada. The latter ran the school from 1993 to 2008 and has been widely credited with having established IMD as one of the world's leading business schools. IMD focuses on training and developing general management and leadership skills. Compared to other business schools, IMD tends to select experienced candidates for both the Master of Business Administration (MBA) (average age 31) and the Executive MBA (average age 40). Its other focus is to have a broad international group of participants attending open programs to ensure that no nationality dominates. Every year, some 8,000 executives representing over 98 nationalities attend one of the programs. Education IMD has two main educational offerings: Degree programs: the MBA and the EMBA Executive education: open enrollment and company custom programs The degree programs have triple accreditation by AACSB, AMBA, and EFMD(EQUIS). MBA program The school's MBA program is a one-year full-time program. The program runs from January through December without any break (summer is dedicated to a Company Engagement Project). Each class includes 90 participants from various countries. The MBA program