by a long-time Radio Moscow journalist and manager Alexander Evstafiev. Later, North American, African and British Isles services (all in English) operated for a few hours per day alongside the regular (24 Hour) English World Service. At one time in 1980, Radio Moscow had transmissions on the Medium Wave broadcast on 600 kHz (later 1040 kHz) from Havana, Cuba which reached the Caribbean islands and US State of Florida. One programme on air in the 1980s with an informal presentation, in contrast to most other shows, was the Listeners' Request Club, hosted by radio presenter Vasily Strelnikov. Another feature on Radio Moscow was Moscow Mailbag, which answered listeners' questions in English about the Soviet Union. From 1957, the programme was presented by Joe Adamov. Closure On 22 December 1993, the Russian president Boris Yeltsin issued a decree which reorganized Radio Moscow with a new name: Voice of Russia. Languages Languages of Radio Moscow By 1931, when Radio Moscow came under the control of the newly established Gosteleradio, the service comprised eight languages: English, French, German, Czech, Hungarian, Italian, Spanish, Swedish. By the 1970s there were 64 languages: English (World Service and regional services), French (to Europe and Africa), Portuguese and Spanish (to Europe and Latin America), Arabic (to North Africa and Near/Middle East) 19 languages to Europe: Albanian, Bulgarian, Catalan, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Macedonian, Norwegian, Polish, Romanian, Serbo-Croat, Slovak, Slovene, Swedish 11 languages to Africa: Amharic, Bambara, Fula, Hausa, Lingala, Malagasy, Ndebele, Shona, Somali, Swahili, Zulu 28 languages to Asia: Assamese, Bengali, Burmese, Cambodian, Chinese, Dari, Gujarati, Hindi, Indonesian, Japanese, Kannada, Korean, Laotian, Malayalam, Marathi, Mongolian, Nepali, Oriya, Persian, Punjabi, Pushtu, Sinhalese, Tamil, Telugu, Thai, Turkish, Urdu, Vietnamese 1 language to Latin America: Quechua In 1989 Russian, Malay and Tagalog were added. Complementing services Radio Peace and Progress Languages offered by both Radio Peace and Progress (RPP) and Radio Moscow: Arabic, Chinese, English, French, German, Mongolian, Persian, Portuguese, Spanish. Languages covered by RPP, but not by Radio Moscow: Azerbaijani, Creole, Guarani, Hebrew, Yiddish. The union republics In 10 of the 14 union republics besides the RSFSR there were foreign broadcasting services. Radio Tallinn: Estonian, Finnish, Swedish Radio Riga: Latvian, Swedish Radio Vilnius: English, Lithuanian Radio Minsk: Belarusian, German Radio Kiev: English, German, Ukrainian Radio Tbilisi: Abkhazian, Georgian Radio Yerevan: Arabic, Armenian, English, French, Kurdish, Spanish Radio Baku: Arabic, Azerbaijani, Persian, Turkish Radio Tashkent: Arabic, Dari,