employed. Modern converters are fully automated with automatic blowing patterns and sophisticated control systems. See also AJAX furnace, transitional oxygen-based open hearth technology References Bibliography McGannon, Harold E. editor (1971). The Making, Shaping and Treating of Steel: Ninth Edition. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: United States Steel Corporation. Smil, Vaclav (2006). Transforming the twentieth century: technical innovations and their consequences, Volume 2. Oxford University Press US. . Brock, James W.; Elzinga, Kenneth G. (1991). Antitrust, the market, and the state: the contributions of Walter Adams. M. E. Sharpe. . Tweraser, Kurt (2000). The Marshall Plan and the Reconstruction of the Austrian Steel Industry 1945–1953. in: Bischof, Gunther et al. (2000). The Marshall Plan in Austria. Transaction Publishers. . pp. 290–322. External links Basic Oxygen Steelmaking module at steeluniversity.org, including a fully interactive simulation (archived) Basic Oxygen Steelmaking cost model showing typical cost structure for liquid steel Austrian inventions Metallurgical processes Steelmaking Swiss inventions