use of a meditation seat, such as Padmasana (lotus position), combined with Pranayama breath-control, Kumbhaka, and progressively more subtle internal objects of focus as the practitioner becomes more advanced. At the start, the objects are "gross", directly available to sense perception, such as the points of focus (drishti) used to accompany yoga asana practice, including the space between the eyebrows, the tip of the nose, or the navel. More subtle objects may then be selected, such as the chakras, together with their attributes including position, colour, and number of petals. Withdrawal of Prana or Prana Pratyahara Control of our senses requires mastery over the flow of prana, as that is what drives the senses. To stop the scattering of valuable vital energy of the body or prana, we need to seek control over its flow, and harmonize it. This is done through various practices including bringing the entire focus to a single point in the body. These two lead to the subsequent two types of pratyahara, the Control of Action or 'Karma pratyahara', which entails not just control of motor organs, but also right action or work, and Karma Yoga, surrender of every action to the divine and performing it as an act of service. This leads to the final form of pratyahara - the Withdrawal of Mind or 'Mano pratyahara', which is practiced by consciously withdrawing attention from anything that is unwholesome, and distracting for the mind such as by withdrawing attention from the senses, and directing it inwards Further reading Ayurveda and the Mind, by David Frawley, Lotus Press, Twin Lakes, Wisconsin . The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, Translated by James Haughton Woods. Courier Dover Publications, 2003. . Khedrup Norsang Gyatso. Ornament of Stainless Light. Translated by Gavin Kilty. The Library of Tibetan Classics 14. Boston: Wisdom Publications, 2004. . See also Dharana Dhyana in Hinduism Samādhi Samyama References External links Pratyahara Comments on the Patanjali’s Scheme. Pratyahara, by Yogacharya Patanjali : les Yoga Sûtras, a Yoga Sûtras of Patanjali translation by Sylviane Legrand Pratyahara, fifth limb of Yoga Bahiranga.com Eight limbs of yoga it:Pratyahara pt:Pratyahara