and cooling, distributors coil-on-plug ignition, lightweight engine internals, slide valve thermostat (some variants), and the addition of port fuel injection to aid low load fuel consumption and cold start emissions. The port fuel injection also aids in reducing the potential carbon deposits that can occur in direct-injected engines. As of 2016, the 'dual injection' system has not been offered in North American markets. Still, VAG has made numerous enhancements to their engine designs such as the positive crankcase ventilation, repositioning injectors and more to lessen the potential that carbon deposits accumulate on intake valves. Currently, the EA888 engine is available in two sizes: 1.8T and 2.0T. Engine output ranges from to over . A concept car based on the Volkswagen Golf R, dubbed R400, produced 395 hp from 2 litres of displacement. Furthermore, the R400 would be able to accelerate from 0–100 km/h in just 3.8 seconds, thanks to a haldex 4-wheel drive system, and a 6 or 7-speed DSG gearbox. Three-cylinder petrols 1.0 R3 12v (EA211) The new fuel-saving engine presented at the 2012 Geneva Motor Show identificationparts code prefix: 04E, ID code: CHYA, CHYB, CHZD, CSEB, DHSB engine displacement & engine configuration inline three engine (R3/I3); bore x stroke: , bore spacing: , stroke ratio: 0.99:1 – 'square engine', cylinder, compression ratio: 10.5:1 cylinder block & crankcase cast aluminium alloy; four main bearings, die-forged steel crankshaft cylinder head & valvetrain cast aluminium alloy; four valves per cylinder, 12 valves total, double overhead camshaft (DOHC) aspiration natural and turbocharged fuel system multi-point electronic indirect fuel injection with three intake manifold-sited fuel injectors DIN-rated motive power & torque outputs at 5,000–6,000 rpm; at 3,000–4,300 rpm (CHYA) at 6,200 rpm; at 3,000–4,300 rpm (CHYB) at 6,350 rpm; at 3,000 rpm with Ethanol (CSEB) at 5,000–5,500 rpm; at 1500–3,500 rpm (CHZB) at 5,000–5,500 rpm; at 2000–3,500 rpm (CHZD) at 5,500 rpm; at 2,000-3,500 rpm with Ethanol (DHSB) application Volkswagen up!, Skoda Citigo, Skoda Fabia III, Seat Mii, Seat Ibiza, Seat Arona, Volkswagen Golf VII, Volkswagen Polo, Volkswagen T-Roc, Volkswagen T-Cross, Audi A1 (GB), SEAT León (4th Gen) 1.2 R3 (EA111) This all-aluminium alloy engine is manufactured at the Škoda Auto plant in Mladá Boleslav. parts code prefix 03E engine displacement & engine configuration inline three engine (R3/I3); bore x stroke: , stroke ratio: 0.88:1 – undersquare/long-stroke, 399.4 cc per cylinder cylinder block & crankcase cast aluminium alloy; four main bearings, die-forged steel