French) see Using both below (Côte d'Ivoire) (province of Canada, Canadian French) see Using both below (French portion of St. Martin Island) German-speaking German-language countries and regions use the long scale with 109 = , for example: Portuguese-speaking With the notable exception of Brazil, a short scale country, most Portuguese-language countries and regions use the long scale with 109 = or , for example: Spanish-speaking Most Spanish-language countries and regions use the long scale, for example: () () ( or ) ( or ) ( or ) () see Using both below ( or typ. ) Other long scale Some examples of long scale use, and the words used for 109 and 1012, are ( or typ. , ) (, ; , , , ) (, ) (, ) (, ) Esperanto (, ) (, ) (, ; Swedish: , ) (, ) (, or ) (, ) (Persian: میلیارد , بیلیون , تریلیون ) (, ) (French: , ; German: , ; , ) (French: , ; , ) (English speaking) see Using both below (Montenegrin: , ) (Afrikaans speaking) see Using both below ( , ) (Bokmål: , ; Nynorsk: , ) (, ) (, ). There are ambiguities for numbers above 1012. (Italian: , ) ( , ) (English speaking) see Using both below (, ) (, ) (Afrikaans speaking) see Using both below (, ) (French: , ; German: , ; Italian: , ; Romansh: , ) (English speaking) see Using both below (Italian: , ) Using both Some countries use either the short or long scales, depending on the internal language being used or the context. Using neither The following countries use naming systems for large numbers that are not etymologically related to the short and long scales: By continent The long and short scales are both present on most continents, with usage dependent on the language used. Examples include: Notes on current usage Short scale Long scale Both long and short scale Neither long nor short scale Alternative approaches In written communications, the simplest solution for moderately large numbers is to write the full amount, for example 1,000,000,000,000 rather than 1 trillion (short scale) or 1 billion (long scale). Combinations of the unambiguous word million, for example: 109 = "one thousand million"; 1012 = "one million million". Scientific notation (also known as standard form or exponential notation, for example 1, 1, 1, 1, etc.),