English, Hindi, Persian, Urdu, Uzbek Radio Dushanbe: Dari, Persian, Tajik Russian language services Until 1988, there was no Russian service of Radio Moscow. Instead there were several other services for Russians abroad like the Fifth programme of the All-Union Radio (since 1960), Radio Motherland (Радиостанция Родина) of the Soviet Committee for Cultural Relations with Fellow-Countrymen Abroad or for fishermen Radio Pacific Ocean (Радиостанция Тихий Океан, 1963–2001) from Vladivostok and Radio Atlantic (Радиостанция Атлантика, 1965–2004) from Murmansk. USSR Shortwave broadcasting innovations The USSR pioneered the use of HRS 8/8/1 antennas (horizontal dipole curtain, eight columns, eight rows, with electrically steerable pattern) for highly targeted shortwave broadcasting long before HRS 12/6/1 technology became available in the west. HRS 8/8/1 curtain arrays create a 10-degree beam of shortwave energy, and can provide a highly audible signal to a target area some 7,000 km away. See also Eastern Bloc information dissemination Radio Wolga - radio station for Soviet Soldiers in former East Germany, until 1990. References External links Audio from 1968 Audio from December 1978 at The Shortwave Radio Archive Audio from May 1980 (North American Service) at The DX Archive Audio from December 1980: "Joe Adamov - Impressions from visit to the US" at The Shortwave Radio Archive Radio Moscow Collection at The WNYC Archives 1929 establishments in the Soviet Union Communist propaganda Eastern Bloc mass media International broadcasters Mass media companies of the Soviet Union Soviet propaganda organizations Propaganda radio broadcasts Radio during World War II Radio networks Radio stations established in 1929 Soviet brands Radio stations in the Soviet Union State media Radio stations disestablished in 1993 1993 disestablishments in Russia Defunct radio stations in Russia