department was established in the 1880s after a lynching and a number of race riots. By 1896, there were 43 police officers. The State of Washington prohibited alcohol in 1916. Police Lieutenant Roy Olmstead began a bootlegging operation. In March 1920 he was arrested by Federal probations agents and was fired from his job with the department. He went on to run a very profitable operation. He enjoyed a very good reputation for his integrity as a rum-runner and was active in the community. He was convicted in 1921 with twenty others in an early case that used telephone wiretaps. He was released in 1931 and pardoned by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1935. In June 1924, Bertha Landes served as acting mayor while Edwin J. Brown was out of the city to attend the marathon Democratic National Convention. In a newspaper story Police Chief William Severyns said that the department had at least a hundred corrupt officers. Mayor Landes ordered the chief to fire one hundred officers. He refused. Landes fired him. Mayor Brown rushed back to the city to reverse Mayor Landes' actions. In 1926, Chief Severyns described to the Seattle Union Record police brutality that included questioning suspects in a rowboat in Lake Washington with a heavy weight tied around their necks. In July 1935, the city council held hearings on the many gambling and prostitution dens in the city. The police chief claimed he had no knowledge of such activities in the city. Councilman Fred Hamley walked with the chief onto Fourth Avenue to an establishment that featured a roulette wheel and handed him an ax. The chief remained in office. In the autumn of 1947, police Chief George Eastman reassigned the police captain in charge of suppressing illegal alcohol sales after complaints such establishments were running openly. The chief took no steps to otherwise discipline the man. In November 1969, police Chief Frank Ramon retired after accusations that he had tried to stifle an investigation into gambling and government corruption. On June 21, 1974, a Seattle Police helicopter on its way to a shooting collided with a Cessna plane near Boeing Field. Both officers on board and both civilians in the plane were killed. In 1987, the Seattle Police Department created the modern mountain bike patrol units, paving the way for cities across North America to follow. In 2011, the United States Justice Department found