After the Visigothic defeat and the annexation of much of Hispania by the Moors, a group of Visigothic states survived in the northern mountains, including Gallaecia. In Beatus of Liébana (d. 798), Gallaecia became used to refer to the Christian part of the Iberian peninsula, whereas Hispania was used for the Muslim one. The emirs found it not worth their while to conquer these mountains filled with warlike tribes and lacking oil or wine. In Charlemagne's time, bishops of Gallaecia attended the Council of Frankfurt in 794. During his residence in Aachen, he received embassies from Alfonso II of Gallaecia, according to the Frankish chronicles. Sancho III of Navarre in 1029 refers to Bermudo III of León as Imperator domus Vermudus in Gallaecia. See also Gallaecian language Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula Kingdom of Galicia Timeline of Galician history Romanization of Hispania Gaelic References Bibliography Coutinhas, José Manuel (2006), Aproximação à identidade etno-cultural dos Callaeci Bracari, Porto. External links Alfonso Carbonell Lombardero, "The Gaels in Gallaecia_1.00" Alfonso Carbonell Lombardero, "The Gaels in Gallaecia" Luís Magarinhos Igrejas, "Sobre a origem e significado das palavras Portugal e Galiza" Detailed map of the Pre-Roman Peoples of Iberia (around 200 BC) Rutas Arqueolóxicas do Eixo Atlántico – Roteiro Arqueológico do Eixo Atlântico Late Roman provinces History of Galicia (Spain) States and territories established in the 3rd century