were never issued. Both breech-loading guns were new designs from Armstrong and much was hoped for them. Four of the 110-pounder guns were installed on the main deck amidships and the other two became chase guns; all of the 68-pounder guns were mounted on the main deck. Firing tests carried out in September 1861 against an armoured target, however, proved that the 110-pounder was inferior to the 68-pounder smoothbore gun in armour penetration and repeated incidents of breech explosions during the Battles for Shimonoseki and the Bombardment of Kagoshima in 1863–1864 forestalled plans to completely equip the ships with the 110-pounder gun. The solid shot of the 68-pounder gun weighed approximately while the gun itself weighed . The gun had a muzzle velocity of and had a range of at an elevation of 12°. The shell of the 110-pounder Armstrong breech-loader weighed . It had a muzzle velocity of and, at an elevation of 11.25°, a maximum range of . The shell of the 40-pounder breech-loading gun was in diameter and weighed . The gun had a maximum range of at a muzzle velocity of . The 110-pounder gun weighed while the 40-pounder weighed . In 1863–1864 the 40-pounder guns were replaced by a heavier version with the same ballistics. All of the guns could fire both solid shot and explosive shells. Both ships were rearmed during their 1867–1868 refit with a mix of 7- and rifled muzzle-loading guns. Warrior received twenty-eight 7-inch and four 8-inch guns while Black Prince received four fewer 7-inch guns. Both ships received four 20-pounder breech-loading guns for use as saluting guns. The shell of the 15-calibre 8-inch gun weighed while the gun itself weighed . It had a muzzle velocity of and was credited with the ability to penetrate a nominal of wrought iron armour at the muzzle. The 16-calibre 7-inch gun weighed and fired a shell. It was credited with the nominal ability to penetrate armour. Armour The Warrior-class ships had a wrought-iron armour belt, thick, that covered amidships. The armour extended above the waterline and below it. 4.5-inch transverse bulkheads protected the guns on the main deck. The armour was backed by of teak. The ends of the ship were left entirely unprotected which meant that the steering gear was very vulnerable. Construction The gun ports of the Warrior-class ships were built wide, which allowed the 68-pounders to traverse 52°. While the