Southern cause in response to the riots. The poem was later set to "Lauriger Horatius" (the tune of O Tannenbaum), a melody popular in the South, and referred to the riots with lines such as "Avenge the patriotic gore / That flecked the streets of Baltimore". It was not until seventy-eight years later (1939) that it became Maryland's state song. After many efforts to revoke this status, it was removed from being the state song in 2021. On September 17, 1861, the day the legislature reconvened to discuss these later events and Lincoln's possibly unconstitutional actions, twenty-seven state legislators (one-third of the Maryland General Assembly) were arrested and jailed by federal troops, using Lincoln's suspension of habeas corpus, and in further defiance of the U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice's ex parte Merryman ruling. As a result, the legislative session was canceled, and no further debate on anti-war measures or secession would take place. Delaware, bordering Maryland, was reinforced with Union troops to prevent similar events. Kentucky declared its neutrality (although it would eventually join the Union's side), and a Confederate government-in-exile for Missouri existed in Arkansas and Texas. See also Notes Bibliography Harry Ezratty, Baltimore in the Civil War: The Pratt Street Riot and a City Occupied, Charleston, SC: The History Press, 2010. . George William Brown, Baltimore And The Nineteenth Of April, 1861: A Study Of The War, Baltimore: N. Murray (Johns Hopkins University), 1887. External links Baltimore Riot Trail Death at President Street Station Historical Marker Database Church Home and Hospital Historical Marker Database Newspaper article presenting eyewitness account of the Baltimore Riot Pratt Street Riot collection at the University of Maryland Libraries 1861 crimes in the United States 1861 riots 19th century in Baltimore Battles of the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War Riots and civil unrest during the American Civil War Riot of 1861 Secession crisis of 1860–61 Maryland in the American Civil War U.S. cities in the American Civil War 1861 in Maryland April 1861 events 1861 in the American Civil War Political riots in the United States