of coda (a tease → vs. at ease → ), epenthetic stops like in syllable codas (fence → but inside → ), and r-colored vowels when the is in the coda vs. labialization when it is in the onset (key-ring → but fearing → ). Onset The following can occur as the onset: Notes: Other onsets Certain English onsets appear only in contractions: e.g. ('sblood), and or ('swounds or 'dswounds). Some, such as (pshaw), (fwoosh), or (vroom), can occur in interjections. An archaic voiceless fricative plus nasal exists, (fnese), as does an archaic (snew). Several additional onsets occur in loan words (with varying degrees of anglicization) such as (bwana), (moiré), (noire), (zwitterion), (zwieback), (Dvorak), (kvetch), (schvartze), (Tver), (Zwickau), (Kjell), (Kshatriya), (Tlaloc), (Vladimir), (zloty), (Tskhinvali), (Hmong), (Khmer), and (Nganasan). Some clusters of this type can be converted to regular English phonotactics by simplifying the cluster: e.g. (dziggetai), (Hrolf), (croissant), (Nguyen), (pfennig), (phthalic), (tsunami), (!kung), and (Xhosa). Others can be replaced by native clusters differing only in voice: (sbirro), and (sgraffito). Nucleus The following can occur as the nucleus: All vowel sounds , and in certain situations (see below under word-level patterns) in rhotic varieties of English (e.g. General American) in certain situations (see below under word-level patterns) Coda Most (in theory, all) of the following except those that end with , , , , or can be extended with or representing the morpheme -s/-z. Similarly, most (in theory, all) of the following except those that end with or can be extended with or representing the morpheme -t/-d. argues that a variety of syllable codas are possible in English, even in words like entry and sundry , with being treated as affricates along the lines of . He argues that the traditional assumption that pre-vocalic consonants form a syllable with the following vowel is due to the influence of languages like French and Latin, where syllable structure is CVC.CVC regardless of stress placement. Disregarding such contentious cases, which do not occur at the ends of words, the following sequences can occur as the coda: Notes: For some speakers, a fricative before is elided so that these never appear phonetically: becomes , becomes , or becomes . Syllable-level patterns Syllables may consist of a single vowel, meaning that onset and coda are not mandatory. The consonant does not occur in syllable-initial position (except in unassimilated loans like Ngorongoro). The consonant does not occur