only fought separately during the Second World War remains controversial within Finland and was not generally accepted outside Finland. In a 2008 poll of 28 Finnish historians carried out by Helsingin Sanomat, 16 said that Finland had been an ally of Nazi Germany, six said it had not been, and six did not take a position. See also Military history of Finland during World War II Winter War Continuation War Lapland War Diplomatic history of World War II East Karelian concentration camps Nazism in Finland Finnish Air Force History of Finland Seitajärvi, devastated by Soviet partisan attack in 1944 Siege of Leningrad Soviet prisoners of war in Finland Footnotes Bibliography Chew, Allen F.. The White Death. East Lansing, MI, Michigan University State Press, 1971 Condon, Richard W. The Winter War: Russia against Finland. New York: Ballantine Books, 1972. Forster, Kent. "Finland's Foreign Policy 1940–1941: An Ongoing Historiographic Controversy," Scandinavian Studies (1979) 51#2 pp 109–123 Jakobson, Max. The Diplomacy of the Winter War. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1961. Polvinen, Tuomo. "The Great Powers and Finland 1941–1944," Revue Internationale d'Histoire Militaire (1985), Issue 62, pp 133–152. Upton, Anthony F. Finland in Crisis 1940–1941: A Study in Small-Power Politics (Cornell University Press, 1965) Warner, Oliver. Marshal Mannerheim and the Finns. Helsinki, Otava Publishing Co., 1967 Further reading Chew, Allen F. The White Death: The Epic of the Soviet-Finnish Winter War (Michigan: Michigan State university press, 1971) Kelly, Bernard. "Drifting Towards War: The British Chiefs of Staff, the USSR and the Winter War, November 1939 – March 1940." Contemporary British History (2009) 23#3 pp: 267–291. Krosby, H. Peter. Finland, Germany, and the Soviet Union, 1940-1941: The Petsamo Dispute (University of Wisconsin Press, 1968) Lunde, Henrik O. Finland's War of Choice: The Troubled German-Finnish Alliance in World War II (2011) Nenye, Vesa et al. Finland at War: The Winter War 1939–40 (2015) excerpt Nenye, Vesa et al. Finland at War: The Continuation and Lapland Wars 1941–45 (2016) excerpt Nordling, Carl O. "Stalin's insistent endeavors at conquering Finland." Journal of Slavic Military Studies (2003) 16#1 pp: 137–157. Sander, Gordon F. The Hundred Day Winter War: Finland's Gallant Stand against the Soviet Army. (2013) online review Historiography and memory Forster, Kent. "Finland's Foreign Policy 1940–1941: An Ongoing Historiographic Controversy," Scandinavian Studies (1979) 51#2 pp 109–123 online Kivimäki, Ville. "Between defeat and victory: Finnish memory culture of the Second World War." Scandinavian Journal of History 37.4 (2012):