warriors could intercept the Sioux on the water. Illustrating this old story on the front page of the local newspaper, The Sioux Lookout Bulletin, features an iconic image of a First Nations man, holding a hand above his eyes to scan the waters. Present-day Sioux Lookout was incorporated in 1912 and was then a terminal and junction on the National Transcontinental Railway. For many years, Sioux Lookout was simply a railway town. When gold was discovered in Red Lake, it became one of the leading aviation centers in Canada during the twenties and thirties. During the Cold War, Sioux Lookout operated a radar base to monitor any activity from the Soviet Union. Now, the Canadian National Railway is a significant employer, but it and the forest products industry are no longer the largest sectors of the municipality’s diversified economy. Instead, as a service centre for numerous northern First Nations communities, health-care, human and social services, education, and the provincial and federal government are major sources of Sioux Lookout employment. As a result, Sioux Lookout barely felt the effects of the recession in the early 1980s. The permanent closure of the lumber mill in Hudson, around the time of the global financial crisis and recession in 2008-09, and hospital expansion, construction of a new, larger complex for the Meno Ya Win Health Centre, shortly thereafter, however, contributed to significant employment changes and demographic shifts. Urban Sioux Lookout fronts on Pelican Lake, and the municipality undertook a lakefront improvement program to beautify this area. There are now more parks, paths, and other recreational facilities along the lakefront. Numerous other lakes are easily accessible by car or boat from Sioux Lookout. Tourism makes a significant contribution to the local economy, however, there is far more capacity for development and its potential is starting to be recognized. Geography and climate The boundaries of Sioux Lookout were significantly expanded on January 1, 1998 to include a number of unorganized geographic townships surrounding the town itself. Climate Sioux Lookout experiences a humid continental climate (Dfb) with long, cold winters and short, warm summers. The highest temperature ever recorded in Sioux Lookout was on 29 June 1931 and 11 July 1936. The coldest temperature ever recorded was on 18 February 1966. Demographics In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Sioux Lookout had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change