well. Raymond then went on a pilgrimage, and in his absence Arnulf of Chocques, whom Raymond had opposed due to his own support for Peter Bartholomew, was elected the first Latin Patriarch on August 1 (the claims of the Greek Patriarch were ignored). On August 5, Arnulf, after consulting the surviving inhabitants of the city, discovered the relic of the True Cross. On August 12, Godfrey led an army, with the True Cross carried in the vanguard, against the Fatimid army at the Battle of Ascalon of 1099. The crusaders were successful, but following the victory, the majority of them considered their crusading vows to have been fulfilled, and all but a few hundred knights returned home. Nevertheless, their victory paved the way for the establishment of the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem. The siege quickly became legendary and in the 12th century it was the subject of the Chanson de Jérusalem, a major chanson de geste in the Crusade cycle. Conclusion The first crusaders succeeded in their endeavor. Urban II had ignited the flame of holy war in the Council of Clermont. Many other crusades were launched through time for various reasons and motives. Jerusalem remained in Christian hands for almost a century until the crusaders were defeated by Saladin at the Battle of Hattin in 1187, and three months later, the last defenders were expelled from the city. The conquest of Jerusalem in the First Crusade has continued to reverberate through time and has ever since shaped relations among the different faith traditions of the region. References Sources Conor Kostick, The Siege of Jerusalem, London, 2009. Rodney Stark, God's Battalions: The Case for the Crusades, New York, 2009. Hans E. Mayer, The Crusades, Oxford, 1965. Jonathan Riley-Smith, The First Crusade and the Idea of Crusading, Philadelphia, 1999. Frederic Duncalf, Parallel source problems in medieval history, New York, London : Harper & Brothers, 1912. via Internet Archive. See Chapter III for background, sources and problems related to the siege of Jerusalem. Sir Archibald Alison, Essays, Political, Historical, and Miscellaneous – vol. II, London, 1850. The Siege and Capture of Jerusalem: Collected Accounts Primary sources from the Internet Medieval Sourcebook. Climax of the First Crusade Detailed examanination by J. Arthur McFall originally appeared in Military History magazine. S.J. Allen, "An Introduction to The Crusades," University of Toronto Press, 2017 1099 11th century in the Fatimid Caliphate 1099 in Asia 11th century