Indo-European studies is a field of linguistics and an interdisciplinary field of study dealing with Indo-European languages, both current and extinct. The goal of those engaged in these studies is to amass information about the hypothetical proto-language from which all of these languages are descended, a language dubbed Proto-Indo-European (PIE), and its speakers, the Proto-Indo-Europeans, including their society and Proto-Indo-European mythology. The studies cover where the language originated and how it spread. This article also lists Indo-European scholars, centres, journals and book series. Naming The term Indo-European itself now current in English literature, was coined in 1813 by the British scholar Sir Thomas Young, although at that time, there was no consensus as to the naming of the recently discovered language family. However, he seems to have used it as a geographical term, to indicate the newly proposed language family in Eurasia spanning from the Indian subcontinent till the European subcontinent. Among the other names suggested were: (C. Malte-Brun, 1810) Indoeuropean (Th. Young, 1813) (Rasmus C. Rask, 1815) (F. Schmitthenner, 1826) (Wilhelm von Humboldt, 1827) (A. F. Pott, 1840) (G. I. Ascoli, 1854) Aryan (F. M. Müller, 1861) (H. Chavée, 1867). Rask's japetisk or "Japhetic languages", after the old notion of "Japhetites" and ultimately Japheth, son of the Biblical Noah, parallels the term Semitic, from Noah's son Shem, and Hamitic, from Noah's son Ham. Japhetic and Hamitic are both obsolete, apart from occasional dated use of term "Hamito-Semitic" for the Afro-Asiatic languages. In English, Indo-German was used by J. C. Prichard in 1826 although he preferred Indo-European. In French, use of was established by A. Pictet (1836). In German literature, was used by Franz Bopp since 1835, while the term had already been introduced by Julius von Klapproth in 1823, intending to include the northernmost and the southernmost of the family's branches, as it were as an abbreviation of the full listing of involved languages that had been common in earlier literature. Indo-Germanisch became established by the works of August Friedrich Pott, who understood it to include the easternmost and the westernmost branches, opening the doors to ensuing fruitless discussions whether it should not be Indo-Celtic, or even Tocharo-Celtic. Today, Indo-European, is well established in English and French literature, while remains current in German literature, but alongside a growing number of uses of . Similarly, has now largely replaced the still occasionally encountered in Dutch scientific literature. Indo-Hittite is sometimes