20th centuries black women who were working as sex workers in Minneapolis, Minnesota became known as "alley workers". The Minneapolis Police Department followed the Bertillon system as a means to identify and document the crimes of these alley workers. The system soon became used as a tool to police and categorize these women. In order to bypass the system many black women would use aliases instead of their real names. The most common name that was used as an alias was "Mamie", which was also the alias used by Mamie Knight, who was the only surviving mugshot of an alley worker during the department's period of using the Bertillon system. Her mugshot is currently located in the St. Paul police department archives. In popular culture Bertillon is referenced in the Sherlock Holmes story The Hound of the Baskervilles, in which one of Holmes' clients refers to Holmes as the "second highest expert in Europe" after Bertillon. Also, in The Naval Treaty, speaking of the Bertillon system of measurements, "[Holmes] ... expressed his enthusiastic admiration of the French savant." In the 1937 Warner Bros. picture, "San Quentin," at 49:33, a prisoner's index card is shown. One line begins, "Bertillion [sic] Measurements." In the Arsène Lupin story The Escape of Arsène Lupin by Maurice Leblanc, Lupin escapes by exploiting the same flaws in anthropometry that led to its eventual disuse. In Surfeit of Lampreys by Ngaio Marsh Chief Inspector Roderick Alleyn touches on the system in Chapter 14, Part 1. Bertillon is also referenced in the Caleb Carr novel The Alienist. The Isaacson brothers, who are detectives, mention that they are trained in the Bertillon system. Bertillon is mentioned in Boris Akunin's Murder on the Leviathan. Detective Erast Fandorin says he met Bertillon and discusses his measurement system. Bertillon Measurements are also mentioned in Sax Rohmer's Fu Manchu-inspired The Emperor of America (Cassel, 1929, p. 61), the Ross MacDonald novels The Drowning Pool and Blue City (p. 30), Yves Fey's mystery Floats the Dark Shadow, and Agatha Christie's mystery The Secret of Chimneys (1925, chapter 27). Bertillonage is mentioned in Chapter 4 and in an appendix of the mystery novel, The Assassin in the Marais, by Claude Izner. Bertillon appears in Eric Zencey's novel Panama. Bertillon is referenced in the 1965 short story, "Repent, Harlequin!" Said the Ticktockman, by Harlan Ellison. Bertillon is the main character of the third episode of Czech