of the reality of intersex people. It calls for respect for "intersex persons' right not to undergo sex assignment treatment". Alice Dreger, a US professor of Clinical Medical Humanities and Bioethics, argues that little has changed in actual clinical practice in recent years. Creighton and others in the UK have found that there have been few audits of the implementation of the 2006 statement, clitoral surgeries on under-14s have increased since 2006, and "recent publications in the medical literature tend to focus on surgical techniques with no reports on patient experiences". Institutions like the Swiss National Advisory Commission on Biomedical Ethics, the Australian Senate, the Council of Europe, World Health Organization, and UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and Special Rapporteur on Torture have all published reports calling for changes to clinical practice. In 2011, Christiane Völling won the first successful case brought against a surgeon for non-consensual surgical intervention. The Regional Court of Cologne, Germany, awarded her €100,000. In April 2015, Malta became the first country to recognize a right to bodily integrity and physical autonomy, and outlaw non-consensual modifications to sex characteristics. The Act was widely welcomed by civil society organizations. In June 2017, Joycelyn Elders, David Satcher, and Richard Carmona, three former Surgeons General of the United States published a paper at the Palm Center, calling for a rethink of early genital surgeries on children with intersex traits. The statement reflected on the history of such interventions, their rationales and outcomes, stating: See also History of intersex surgery Intersex human rights Disorders of sex development (DoDI) 6130.03, 2018, section 5, 13f and 14m Notes References Consortium on the Management of Disorders of Sex Differentiation. 2006. Clinical Guidelines for the Management of Disorders of Sex Development in Childhood. Rohnert Park: Intersex Society of North America. DSD Guidelines Consortium on the Management of Disorders of Sex Differentiation. 2006. Handbook for Parents. Rohnert Park: Intersex Society of North America. DSD Guidelines Council of Europe, and Commissioner for Human Rights. "Human Rights and Intersex People, Issue Paper", April 2015. Morgan Holmes (editor) (October 2009). Critical Intersex, Ashgate Publishing. Human Rights Commission of the City and County of San Francisco, and Marcus de María Arana. A Human Rights Investigation Into The Medical "Normalization" Of Intersex People. San Francisco, 2005. Katrina Karkazis (2008). Fixing Sex: Intersex, Medical Authority, and Lived Experience. External links Intersex surgeries: is it right to assign