court Jews were Israel Jacobson, court agent of Brunswick, and Wolf Breidenbach, factor to the Elector of Hesse, both of whom occupy honorable positions in the history of the Jews. Examples of court Jews In rough chronological order: Abraham Senior (1412–1493) Isaac Abravanel (1437–1508), financier for Portuguese and Spanish courts Sir Edward Brampton (c. 1440–1508), a godson of King Edward IV, he was made the governor of Guernsey Abraham Zacuto (c. 1450–c. 1510) Moses and Rachel Fishel of Kraków, court Jews during the reign of John I Albert of Poland; Rachel was lady-in-waiting of the Queen Mother Elizabeth Josel of Rosheim (de) (1476–1554) Joseph Nasi (1524–1579), court Jew in the Ottoman Empire and Duke of Naxos Mordecai Meisel (Miška Marek Meisel) (1528–1601) Jacob Bassevi von Treuenberg (a noble) (1580–1634) Chajim Fürst (ca. 1580–1653), court agent in Hamburg, elder of the Jewish community in Hamburg, richest Jew in Hamburg Moses Israel Fürst (1617–1692), court agent in Hamburg and Mecklenburg–Schwerin Leffmann Behrends (Liepmann Cohen) of Hanover (c. 1630–1714) Samuel Oppenheimer (1635–1703), military supplier for the Holy Roman Emperor Esther Liebmann (1649–1714), court Jew to King Frederick I of Prussia Samson Wertheimer (1658–1724), Austrian financier, chief rabbi of Hungary and Moravia, and rabbi of Eisenstadt Issachar Berend Lehmann; de (1661–1730) Baron Peter Shafirov (1670–1739), vice-chancellor of Russia under Peter the Great Joseph Süß Oppenheimer (1698–1738), financier for Charles Alexander, Duke of Württemberg Aaron Beer († 1740) of Aurich and Frankfurt Löw Sinzheim (c. 1675 – 1744), court purveyor of Mainz Israel Edler von Hönigsberg (1724–1789), court agent and lessee of the tobacco monopoly from the Habsburgs. "Bankaldirektor" for Joseph II. First Austrian Jew to be ennobled without converting to Christianity (1789) Joachim Edler von Popper (1720–1795), court agent and lessee of the tobacco monopoly from the Habsburgs. Second Austrian Jew to be ennobled without needing to be converted (1790) Daniel Itzig (1723–1799), a court Jew of Frederick II the Great and Frederick William II of Prussia Raphael Kaulla († 1810), court Jew of the Duke of Württemberg Karoline Kaulla (1739–1809), court Jew of the Duke of Württemberg Mayer Amschel Rothschild (1744–1812), "court factor" for William I, Elector of Hesse Israel Jacobson (1768–1828), philanthropist and reformer, court agent of Brunswick Wolf Breidenbach (1751–1829), factor to the Elector of Hesse, father of Moritz Wilhelm August Breidenbach Bernhard von Eskeles (1753–1839), a court Jew of Joseph II and Francis II of the Holy Roman Empire and