to humans T. rotatorium, in amphibians T. rugosae, in amphibians T. sergenti, in amphibians T. simiae, which causes nagana in pigs. Its main reservoirs are warthogs and bush pigs T. sinipercae, in fishes T. suis, which causes a different form of surra T. theileri, a large trypanosome infecting ruminants and transmitted by a variety of vectors including tabanids and mosquitoes T. thomasbancrofti, an avian trypanosome with culicine mosquito vector T. triglae, in marine teleosts T. tungarae, in frogs T. vivax, which causes the disease nagana, mainly in West Africa, although it has spread to South America Hosts, life cycle and morphologies Two different types of trypanosomes exist, and their life cycles are different, the salivarian species and the stercorarian species. Stercorarian trypanosomes infect insects, most often the triatomid kissing bug, by developing in the posterior gut followed by release into the feces and subsequent depositing on the skin of the host. The organism then penetrates and can disseminate throughout the body. Insects become infected when taking a blood meal. Salivarian trypanosomes develop in the anterior gut of insects, most importantly the Tsetse fly, and infective organisms are inoculated into the host by the insect bite before it feeds. As trypanosomes progress through their life cycle they undergo a series of morphological changes as is typical of trypanosomatids. The life cycle often consists of the trypomastigote form in the vertebrate host and the trypomastigote or promastigote form in the gut of the invertebrate host. Intracellular lifecycle stages are normally found in the amastigote form. The trypomastigote morphology is unique to species in the genus Trypanosoma. Meiosis Evidence has been obtained for meiosis in T. cruzi, and for genetic exchange. T. brucei is able to undergo meiosis within the salivary glands of its tsetse fly host, and meiosis is considered to be an intrinsic part of the T. brucei developmental cycle. An adaptive benefit of meiosis for T. crucei and T. brucei may be the recombinational repair of DNA damages that are acquired in the hostile environment of their respective hosts. References External links Trypanosoma reviewed and published by Wikivet, accessed 08/10/2011. Trykipedia, Trypanosomatid specific ontologies Tree of Life: Trypanosoma Trypanosomatida Fish diseases Euglenozoa genera pl:Świdrowce