north; by the waters of Cross Sound and Icy Strait border on the south; and by the Pacific Ocean on the west. When President Calvin Coolidge declared the Glacial Bay to be a national monument, in 1925, the objective clearly stated was: The Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act of 1980 changed its status to a National Park and Reserve covering an area of including as a preserve: However, have been declared as Wilderness. The Glacier Bay also encompasses about of two mining claim groups, and about allotted to Alaska Natives; some small private tracts are also reported within the limits of the Glacier Bay. The Glacier Bay Basin is now a myriad combination of tidewater glaciers, snow-capped mountain ranges, ocean coastlines, deep fjords, and freshwater rivers and lakes that provide widely varying land and seascape and "hosts a mosaic of plant communities and a variety of marine and terrestrial wildlife." Glacier Bay is covered with of glaciers which accounts for 27% of the Park area with most glaciers originating in mountains with elevation range of . There are over 50 named glaciers (both tidewater and terrestrial glaciers); 10 tide water glaciers – one on the east arm of the bay and all others on the west arm reach shorelines and calved) (literal meaning: "breaking off") to produce icebergs. Seven of these glaciers are reported to be active tidewater glaciers, which depict the calving phenomenon, which means that they break into icebergs and fall into the sea with thundering noise raising large waves. The McBride Glacier is the only tidewater glacier in the eastern arm at a distance of from Bartlett Cove. Of the other glaciers on the western arm, Johns Hopkins Glacier is at the farthest end – from the entrance to the bay while the Margerie Glacier is about away. The National Park Service manages a total of of marine waters of the Glacier Bay. It covers a coastline of including some reach of the coast outside the Bay. Glacier Bay Basin as such has a coast line of including all islands; the coast line without counting islands accounts for statute . The deepest point in the bay is below sea level with the diurnal tides occurring every 6 hours, with a tide range of (upper limit of the range is reported to be . According to the recorded findings, most glaciers are retreating except the Johns Hopkins