Rights affecting lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people vary greatly by country or jurisdiction—encompassing everything from the legal recognition of same-sex marriage to the death penalty for homosexuality. Notably, , 33 countries recognized same-sex marriage. By contrast, not counting non-state actors and extrajudicial killings, only two countries are believed to impose the death penalty on consensual same-sex sexual acts: Iran and Afghanistan. The death penalty is officially law, but generally not practiced, in Mauritania, Saudi Arabia, Somalia (in the autonomous state of Jubaland) and the United Arab Emirates. As well as, LGBT people face extrajudicial killings in the Russian region of Chechnya. Sudan rescinded its unenforced death penalty for anal sex (hetero- or homosexual) in 2020. Fifteen countries have stoning on the books as a penalty for adultery, which would include gay sex, but this is enforced by the legal authorities in Iran and Nigeria (in the northern third of the country). In 2011, the United Nations Human Rights Council passed its first resolution recognizing LGBT rights, following which the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights issued a report documenting violations of the rights of LGBT people, including hate crimes, criminalization of homosexual activity, and discrimination. Following the issuance of the report, the United Nations urged all countries which had not yet done so to enact laws protecting basic LGBT rights. A 2022 study found that LGBT rights (as measured by ILGA-Europe's Rainbow Index) were correlated with less HIV/AIDS incidence among gay and bisexual men independently of risky sexual behavior. Scope of laws Laws that affect LGBT people include, but are not limited to, the following: laws concerning the recognition of same-sex relationships, including same-sex marriage, civil unions, and domestic partnerships laws concerning LGBT parenting, including adoption by LGBT people anti-discrimination laws in employment, housing, education, public accommodations anti-bullying legislation to protect LGBT children at school hate crime laws imposing enhanced criminal penalties for prejudice-motivated violence against LGBT people bathroom bills affecting access to sex-segregated facilities by transgender people laws related to sexual orientation and military service laws concerning access to assisted reproductive technology sodomy laws that penalize consensual same-sex sexual activity. These may or may not target homosexuals, males or males and females, or leave some homosexual acts legal. adultery laws that same-sex couples are subject to age of consent laws that may impose higher ages for same-sex sexual activity laws regarding donation of