of Indiscernibles. It states: "If two objects have all their properties in common, then they are one and the same object." Lenz's law: An induced current is always in such a direction as to oppose the motion or change causing it. Named for Russian physicist Emil Lenz. Lem's Law: "No one reads; if someone does read, he doesn't understand, if he understands, he immediately forgets." Lewis's law: The comments on any article about feminism justify feminism. Named for English journalist Helen Lewis. Lightwood's law: In medicine, states that bacterial infections will tend to localise while viral infections will tend to spread. Liebig's law of the minimum: The growth or distribution of a plant is dependent on the one environmental factor most critically in demand. Lindy's Law: the life expectancy of something is proportional to its current age. Something that has been around for a long time is likely to also remain around for a long time. Linus's law: "Given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow." Named for Linus Torvalds. Little's law, in queuing theory: "The average number of customers in a stable system (over some time interval) is equal to their average arrival rate, multiplied by their average time in the system." The law was named for John Little from results of experiments in 1961. Littlewood's law: individuals can expect miracles to happen to them, at the rate of about one per month. Coined by J. E. Littlewood, (1885–1977). Liskov substitution principle in computer science is a particular definition of a subtyping relation, called (strong) behavioral subtyping. Lorentz force law defines the force on a moving charged particle in electric and magnetic fields. Lotka's law, in infometrics: the number of authors publishing a certain number of articles is a fixed ratio to the number of authors publishing a single article. As the number of articles published increases, authors producing that many publications become less frequent. For example, there may be as many authors publishing two articles within a specified time period as there are single-publication authors, as many publishing three articles, as many publishing four articles, etc. Though the law itself covers many disciplines, the actual ratios involved are very discipline-specific. Madelung rule: the order in which atomic orbitals are filled according to the aufbau principle. Named for Erwin Madelung. Also known as the Janet rule or the Klechkowski rule (after Charles Janet or Vsevolod Klechkovsky). Maes–Garreau law: most favorable