criticism for printing stories from other writers by disclaiming original authorship, saying they only wrote down what they heard. Though this Dedication is signed "From Giovanni Francesco Straparola," Bottigheimer suggests that changes in narrative style between volume 1 and 2, both within the stories themselves and the frame tale, imply that someone other than Straparola could have worked on or finished the second volume, taking some of the stories at random from Morlini's Novellea. Fairy tales Straparola's Pleasant Nights is the first known work where fairy tales as they are known today appeared in print. Zipes lists these as being: "Cassandrino" ("The Master Thief") [1: 20–27] "Pre Scarpafico" ("The Priest Scarpafico") [1: 28–34] "Tebaldo" ("Doralice") [1: 35–44] "Galeotto" ("The Pig King" or "Prince Pig") [1: 58–66] "Pietro" ("Peter the Fool") [1: 102–110] "Biancabella" ("Biancabella and the Snake") [1: 125–139] "Fortunio" ("Fortunio and the Siren") [1: 140–152] "Ricardo" ("Costanza/Costanzo") [1: 167–178] "Aciolotto" ("Ancilotto, King of Provino" [?]) [1: 186–198] "Guerrino" ("Guerrino and the Savage Man") [1: 221–236] "I tre fratelli" ("The Three Brothers") [2: 71–74] "Maestro Lattantio" ("The Tailor's Apprentice" or "Maestro Lattantio and His Apprentice Dionigi") [2: 102–110] "Cesarino" ("Cesarino the Dragon Slayer") [2: 182–191] "Soriana" ("Costantino Fortunato") [2: 209–214] The numbers in brackets refers to the volume and the pages in Straparola 1894. Why "Livoretto" [1: 110–125] and "Adamantina and the Doll" [1: 236–245] are not included is not explained. Invention of the rise tale With regard to the plots used within fairy tales, it has been suggested that Straparola might have created the "rise plot" or "rise tale" often seen in fairy tales today. The "rise" plot takes a poor person—man or woman, girl or boy—and through the use of magic they obtain a marriage that leads to wealth: "rags-magic-marriage-riches". However, this has yet to be satisfactorily established. The stories of Straparola that can be considered ‘rise’ tales include "Peter the Fool": through the auspices of a talking fish and its magic powers, a town fool rises to be a king; "Fortunio and the Siren": an orphaned boy uses magic powers transferred to him by animals to secure a royal marriage; "Adamantina and the Doll": a magic doll aids two women in securing royal marriages; and "Costantino Fortunato": a talking cat gains marriage and wealth for her master. Effect on later writers Mme. de Murat (1670–1716), herself a writer of fairy tales, is noted as remarking in 1699