in civil use as moorings at Westminster. One notable wartime FCB, previously beached at Canvey Island, was partially removed in 2003 by the local sailing club, whose land it was on, for fear it was a "danger to children". Local historians disagreed with the club and were displeased with their actions. In 1944 a concrete firm in California proposed a submarine shaped freighter which they claimed could achieve speeds of 75 knots. The war ended any more research into the project. In retrospect many believe the claims were greatly overstated. Concrete barges also served in the Pacific during 1944 and 1945. From the Charleroi, Pennsylvania, Mail, February 5, 1945: One concrete barge under tow by Jicarilla (ATF-104) was lost off Saipan during a typhoon, and another barge damaged the Moreton Bay Pile Light in Brisbane, but the rest served admirably. Today Modern hobbyists also build ferrocement boats (), as their construction methods do not require special tools, and the materials are comparatively cheap. A pioneer in this movement is Hartley Boats, which has been selling plans for concrete boats since 1938. Meanwhile, since the 1960s, the American Society of Civil Engineers has sponsored the National Concrete Canoe Competition. In Europe, especially the Netherlands, concrete is still used to build some of the barges on which houseboats are built. Remaining wartime ships Surviving wartime concrete ships are no longer in use as ships. Several continue in use in various forms, mostly as museums or breakwaters. North America The largest collection is at Powell River, British Columbia, , where a lumber mill uses ten floating ferrocement ships as a breakwater. The Kiptopeke Breakwater in Chesapeake Bay, Virginia, , is formed by nine sunken concrete ships built in World War II. , a former oil tanker, lies off the coast of Cayo Las Brujas, Cuba, , where it served as a hotel, then as a base for divers. Currently, the San Pasqual is abandoned. The wreckage of (commissioned in 1919, sunk in 1926) is visible off Sunset Beach near Cape May, New Jersey, . The tanker is located northwest of the fishing pier at Seawolf Park in Galveston, . The ship was launched the same day Germany signed the Treaty of Versailles, ending the war, so it never saw wartime duty and instead was used as an oil tanker in the Gulf of Mexico. The , a concrete tanker launched on May 29,