Since 2008 and the formation of Iran's National Elites Foundation (Bonyade Mellie Nokhbegan), students or university graduates who have excelled in their studies or research may be accepted as members of this organization. Members have the option to carry out their military service in the form of a research project lasting no less than 14 months. A 45-day mandatory military training is applicable even for those who are members of Iran's National Elites Foundation. The Iranian Parliament's National Security Commission is currently debating a plan to abolish conscription and to introduce an alternative plan that would make the army professional. Exemptions from the Iranian military service, but also military duty in case of war include: Sole son with a father over 70 years old. Men who are the sole carers of a disabled or mentally ill parent, sibling, or 2nd line family member. Doctors, firefighters and other emergency workers whose uptake for military duty or service jeopardizes local health and emergency services. Workers of vital government institutions that assist or indirectly serve the military (exempt at time of war). Workers of businesses that serve the military, e.g. factories that produce military equipment (exempt at time of war). Homosexuals and transgender individuals. Workers of Iranian shipping lines (IRISL Group) and National Iranian Tanker Company. Prisoners may be excused of their sentence to serve in the military at a time of war or to complete military service in exchange for a reduced sentence dependent on the nature of the crime committed. Men reaching 19 years old who are not granted exemption from the military service are not able to apply for a passport, any form of employment, leave the country or collect any completed academic certificate. Israel Israel drafts both men and women. All Israeli citizens are conscripted at age 18, with the following exceptions: Torah students are presently exempted from service should they so choose. This is a contentious issue in Israel. Israeli Arabs are exempt from conscription, although they may volunteer. The men of other non-Jewish communities in Israel, notably the Druze and Circassians, are conscripted; women are not though may volunteer. Jewish Females, who choose to declare they are unable to serve due to religious observance grounds. Many choose to volunteer in the national service Sherut Leumi. Women are not inducted if they are married or pregnant. Candidates who do not qualify on grounds of mental or physical health.