Kelvin waves. Moore (1968) found that as an equatorial Kelvin wave strikes an "eastern boundary", part of the energy is reflected in the form of planetary and gravity waves; and the remainder of the energy is carried poleward along the eastern boundary as coastal Kelvin waves. This process indicates that some energy may be lost from the equatorial region and transported to the poleward region. Equatorial Kelvin waves are often associated with anomalies in surface wind stress. For example, positive (eastward) anomalies in wind stress in the central Pacific excite positive anomalies in 20 °C isotherm depth which propagate to the east as equatorial Kelvin waves. Recently, equatorial Kelvin waves were shown to be a case of classical topologically protected excitations, similar to those found in a topological insulator. See also Rossby wave Rossby-gravity waves Equatorial Rossby wave Kelvin–Helmholtz instability Edge wave Tropical wave References External links Overview of Kelvin waves from the American Meteorological Society. US Navy page on Kelvin waves. Slideshow at utexus.edu about Kelvin waves. Kelvin Wave Renews El Niño - NASA, Earth Observatory, image of the day, 2010 March 21 Gravity waves Tropical meteorology Atmospheric dynamics Fluid mechanics Wave