write Nepal but Devanagari are descended from a script called the Nepal script. Ranjana alphabet Classical Nepalese materials written in Ranjana can be found in present-day Nepal, East Asia, and Central Asia. Consonants Special consonant in Nepal omitted. Vowels There are 3 series of vowel diacritics - the -like system, the -like system, and the -like system. Use the -like system when applying to , , , , , and Use the -like system when applying to , , , , , , , and Use the -like system when applying to , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Note that many of the consonants mentioned above (e.g. , , , etc.) occur only in loan words and mantras. Consonant-free vowels Numerals The numerals used in Ranjana script are as follows (from 0 to 9): Devanagari orthography Modern Newar is written generally with the Devanagari script, although formerly it was written in the Ranjana and other scripts. The letters of the Nagari alphabet are traditionally listed in the order vowels (monophthongs and diphthongs), anusvara and visarga, stops (plosives and nasals) (starting in the back of the mouth and moving forward), and finally the liquids and fricatives, written in IAST as follows (see the tables below for details): a ā i ī u ū ṛ ṝ ḷ ḹ; e ai o au ṃ ḥ k kh g gh ṅ; c ch j jh ñ; ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ; t th d dh n; p ph b bh m y r l v; ś ṣ s h Kathmandu Newar does not use ñ for the palatal nasal but instead writes this sound with the ligature as for example in the word nyā 'five'. Orthographic vowel length (i vs ī and u vs ū) represents a difference of vowel length while the vowels with no orthographic length (a and ā) is indicated with the visarga (e.g. khāḥ (IPA: ) 'is'). Vowels The vowels, called mā ākha (माआखः), meaning "mother letters", used in Newar are: Even though ऋ, ॠ, ऌ, ॡ are present in Newar, they are rarely used. Instead, some experts suggest including अय् (ay) and आय् (aay) in the list of vowels. Consonants The consonants, called bā ākha (बाआखः), meaning "father letters", used in Newar are: ङ्ह, ञ्ह, ण्ह, न्ह,