applied to epithelial cells such as those found in the skin. Its agonism of the gamma subtype is largely responsible for adapalene's observed effects. In fact, when adapalene is applied in conjunction with a retinoic acid receptor gamma antagonist, adapalene loses clinical efficacy. Retinization is a common temporary phenomenon reported by patients when initiating use of retinoids. Within the initial period of treatment, skin can become red, irritated, dry and may burn or itch from retinoid application; however, this tends to resolve within four weeks with once a day use. History Adapalene was a research product of the Swiss company Galderma's French subsidiary Galderma Laboratories. Adapalene was approved in 1996 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in the treatment of acne. Research A study has concluded that adapalene can be used to treat plantar warts and may help clear lesions faster than cryotherapy. Computational study claims that the adapalene can be used as a potential entry inhibitor for Omicron variant of SARS-CoV2. References External links Anti-acne preparations Retinoids Naphthoic acids Adamantanes 4-Hydroxybiphenyl ethers French inventions