dynamics, Faxén's laws relate a sphere's velocity and angular velocity to the forces, torque, stresslet and flow it experiences under low Reynolds number (creeping flow) conditions. Fick's laws of diffusion describe diffusion, and define the diffusion coefficient D. Derived by Adolf Fick in the year 1855. Finagle's law: "Anything that can go wrong, will—at the worst possible moment." or "The perversity of the Universe tends towards a maximum." Fisher's fundamental theorem of natural selection states "The rate of increase in fitness of any organism at any time is equal to its genetic variance in fitness at that time." Fitts's law is a principle of human movement published in 1954 by Paul Fitts which predicts the time required to move from a starting position to a final target area. Fitts's law is used to model the act of pointing, both in the real world, e.g. with a hand or finger, and on a computer, e.g. with a mouse. Flynn effect describes the phenomenon of an increase in IQ test scores for many populations at an average rate of three IQ points per decade since the early 20th century. Fourier's law, also known as the law of heat conduction, states that the time rate of heat flow Q through a slab (or a portion of a perfectly insulated wire) is proportional to the gradient of temperature difference; named for Joseph Fourier. Frege's principle: The meaning of a complex expression is determined by the meanings of its constituent expressions and the rules used to combine them. Gall's law: "A complex system that works is invariably found to have evolved from a simple system that worked." Gause's law, in ecology, the competitive exclusion principle: "complete competitors cannot coexist." Gauss's law, in physics, gives the relation between the electric flux flowing out a closed surface and the charge enclosed in the surface. It was formulated by Carl Friedrich Gauss. See also Gauss's law for gravity, and Gauss's law for magnetism. Gay-Lussac's law: "The pressure of a fixed mass and fixed volume of a gas is directly proportional to the gas's temperature." Gell-Mann amnesia effect: Believing newspaper articles outside one's area of expertise, even after acknowledging that neighboring articles in one's area of expertise are completely wrong. Gérson's law: "An advantage should be taken in every situation, regardless of ethics." Gibrat's law: "The size of a firm and its growth rate are independent." Gibson's law: "For