network society, "premium" infrastructure networks (high-speed telecommunications, ‘smart’ highways, global airline networks) selectively connect together the most favored users and places and bypass the less favored. Graham and Marvin argue that attention to infrastructure networks is reactive to crises or collapse, rather than sustained and systematic, because of a failure to understand the links between urban life and urban infrastructure networks. Other modern theorists Douglas Kelbaugh identifies three paradigms within urbanism: New Urbanism, Everyday Urbanism, and Post-Urbanism. Paul L. Knox refers to one of many trends in contemporary urbanism as the "aestheticization of everyday life". Alex Krieger states that urban design is less a technical discipline than a mind-set based on a commitment to cities. Other contemporary urbanists such as Edward Soja and Liz Ogbu focus on urbanism as a field for applying principles of community building and spatial justice. See also Ecological urbanism extends on concepts of Landscape urbanism Feminist urbanism Green urbanism Landscape urbanism, an urbanism where cities are seen though the lens of landscape architecture and ecology Latino urbanism Principles of Intelligent Urbanism Sustainable Urbanism Unitary urbanism, a critique of urbanism as a technology of power by the situationists Urban economics, the application of economic models and tools to analyse the urban issues such as crime, house and public transit Urban geography Urbanate, a living environment envisioned by the Technocracy movement Urban vitality World Urbanism Day Endnotes External links International Forum on Urbanism Urban planning 2010s fads and trends 2020s fads and trends