the defendant (Farmer's Loan & Trust), arguing that the tax was indeed constitutional. He was in the minority, however. After the second hearing, Gray changed his stance, joining with the majority in favor of the plaintiff. He also sided with the majority in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), a 7–1 ruling that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities as long as the segregated facilities were equal in quality. Gray served on the US Supreme Court for over 20 years, until his death on September 15, 1902. He was succeeded by a fellow Massachusetts native, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., who, like Gray, previously served on the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court. Personal life He was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1860, and in 1866, was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 1889, Gray married Jane Matthews (1860–1949), daughter of fellow associate justice Stanley Matthews. Gray's half-brother, John Chipman Gray, was long-time professor at Harvard Law School, and is noted for his formative text on the rule against perpetuities. He is buried in Mount Auburn Cemetery in Middlesex County, Massachusetts. His home in Washington, D.C. later became the site of the Third Church of Christ, Scientist, which was demolished in 2014. See also List of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States References Further reading Koslosky, Daniel Ryan, "Ghosts of Horace Gray: Customary International Law as Expectation in Human Rights Litigation" 97 Kentucky Law Journal 615 (2009) |- |- 1828 births 1902 deaths 19th-century American judges 20th-century American judges American legal writers American Unitarians Burials at Mount Auburn Cemetery Chief Justices of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences Harvard Law School alumni Lawyers from Boston Massachusetts Republicans Members of the American Antiquarian Society United States federal judges appointed by Chester A. Arthur Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States