as places of living and collegiate teaching. They had jurisdiction over their members (i.e. municipal courts of the city of Leipzig would refuse to hear actions brought against them). In addition there were private residential halls (Bursen). Parallel to the college system there were four nations (university nations) similar to the model of the universities of Prague (Leipzig's 'mother' institution, see Decree of Kutná Hora) and Paris after which they were modelled. During the age of enlightenment this structure was abandoned. Still today, the names of the former colleges live on as names of buildings used by the university. Former federal universities The Victoria University, which split into the Victoria University of Manchester, the University of Liverpool and the University of Leeds. The University of Wales was a federal university from its formation in 1893 until 2007, when its colleges became independent and it was transformed into a non-membership accreditation body. The University of Durham was a federal university with two divisions in Durham and Newcastle between 1909 and 1963, when the Newcastle division became Newcastle University. The Federal University of Surrey was, from 2000 to 2004, a federation of the University of Surrey and the University of Surrey Roehampton (now Roehampton University). It was dissolved when Roehampton became an independent university. The University of France was established by Napoleon in 1808 and acted as a central university for the académies (the former universities) until 1896, when these were restored to full university status. The University of South Africa was formerly a federal university with constituent colleges in the various provinces of South Africa. After the Second World War, most of these colleges became autonomous universities, and the University of South Africa became primarily a distance education institution. See also Affiliated school List of residential colleges Notes References Types of university or college