1972). Amongst these, pawing and homing the earth are the most conspicuous. In Zimbabwe the most conspicuous body movements were the 'head-to-flank', in which the head is rubbed against the shoulder, and a 'head-flagging' movement in which the hartebeest shook its head up and down vigorously when alarmed. Hartebeests mark their territory by forming dung piles in their respective territories. References Lichtenstein's hartebeest Mammals of South Africa Mammals of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Mammals of Zambia Mammals of Angola Mammals of Mozambique Mammals of Malawi Mammals of Zimbabwe Mammals of Southern Africa Lichtenstein's hartebeest Lichtenstein's hartebeest Bovids of Africa Taxobox binomials not recognized by IUCN