organic types, and there was a primaeval epoch during which the first species were brought into being. Even if the first species were extremely simple, for them an act of creation must be admitted, an act without example in modern times; for in our days plants and animals of decidedly low forms proceed from species already in existence" (p. 291, The Primaeval World of Switzerland). During a great part of his career Heer was hampered by slender means and ill-health, but his services to science were acknowledged in 1874 when the Geological Society of London awarded to him the Wollaston medal. He died at Lausanne on 27 September 1883. Heer published Flora Tertiaria Helvetiae (3 vols., 1855–1859); Die Urwelt der Schweiz (1865), and Flora fossilis Arctica (1868–1883) and with Eduard Heinrich Graeffe. The cape Heerodden in Nordenskiöld Land on Spitsbergen is named after him, as well as the Bear Island mountain Oswaldfjellet. Works Heer published the following works: 1840 - Analytische Tabellen zu Bestimmung der phanerogamischen Pflanzengattungen der Schweiz. 1840 - Flora der Schweiz; (with Johannes Jacob Hegetschweiler). 1846 - Der Kanton GlarusFormularende 1849 - "Die Insektenfauna der Tertiärgebilde von Oeningen und von Radoboj in Croatien" in series Neue Denkschriften der Allgemeinen Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für die gesammten Naturwissenschaft 1855-1859 - Flora tertiaria Helvetiae 1862 - Beiträge zur Insektenfauna Oeningens 1862 - Beiträge zur Fossilen Flora von Sumatra 1862 - Beiträge zur Insektenfauna Oeningens: Coleoptera, Geodephagen. .. Lamellicornen und Buprestiden 1863 - On the lignite formation of Bovey Tracey, Devonshire; (with William Pengelly). 1865 - Die Urwelt der Schweiz 1865 - Die Pflanzen der Pfahlbauten 1867 - Fossile Hymenopteren aus Oeningen und Radoboy 1868-1882 - „Flora fossilis arctica - Die fossile Flora der Polarländer“ "1868 in Graeffe Reise im Innern der Insel Viti Levu. Neujahrsblatt der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zurich 70: 1-48 (1868). (ngzh.ch) 1869 - Miocene baltische Flora 1869 - Ueber die Braunkohlenpflanzen von Bornstädt 1870 - Die Miocene Flora und Fauna Spitzbergens 1871 - Fossile Flora der Bären Insel 1872 - Le monde primitif de la Suisse 1874 - Die Kreide-Flora der Arctischen Zone 1874 - Anmärkningar öfver de af svenska polarexpeditionen 1872-73 upptäckte fossila växter. 1876 - Beiträge zur fossilen Flora Spitzbergens: Gegründet auf die Sammlungen der schwedischen Expedition vom Jahre 1872 auf 1873. 1876 - The Primaeval World of Switzerland (Edited by James Heywood) Volume 1 and Volume 2. 1877 - Flora fossilis Helvetiae: die vorweltliche Flora