mesite Mesitornis unicolor (possibly flightless, has not been seen flying) Columbiformes (pigeons, doves) Dodo, Raphus cucullatus † Rodrigues solitaire, Pezophaps solitaria † Viti Levu giant pigeon, Natunaornis gigoura † Saint Helena dove, Dysmoropelia dekarchiskos † Henderson ground dove, Gallicolumba leonpascoi † Gruiformes (cranes, rails, and coots) Cuban flightless crane, Grus cubensis † Red rail, Aphanapteryx bonasia † Rodrigues rail, Erythromachus leguati † Woodford's rail, Nesoclopeus woodfordi (most likely flightless) Bar-winged rail, Nesoclopeus poecilopterus † (probably flightless) Weka, Gallirallus australis New Caledonian rail, Gallirallus lafresnayanus (likely †) Lord Howe woodhen, Gallirallus sylvestris Calayan rail, Gallirallus calayanensis Pink-legged rail, Gallirallus insignis Guam rail, Gallirallus owstoni Roviana rail, Gallirallus rovianae (flightless, or almost so) Tahiti rail, Gallirallus pacificus † Dieffenbach's rail, Gallirallus dieffenbachii † Wake Island rail, Gallirallus wakensis † numerous other unnamed Gallirallus rails from various Pacific islands Chatham rail, Cabalus modestus † Snoring rail, Aramidopsis plateni Invisible rail, Habroptila wallacii New Guinea flightless rail, Megacrex inepta Aldabra (white-throated) rail, Dryolimnas (cuvieri) aldabranus Réunion rail, Dryolimnas augusti † Sauzier's wood rail or Cheke's wood rail, Dryolimnas chekei † Inaccessible Island rail, Atlantisia rogersi Saint Helena rail, Aphanocrex podarces † Ascension crake, Mundia elpenor † Saint Helena crake, Porzana astrictocarpus † Laysan rail, Porzana palmeri † Hawaiian rail, Porzana sandwichensis † Small Maui crake, Porzana keplerorum † Liliput crake, Porzana menehune † Great Oʻahu crake, Porzana ralphorum † Great Maui crake, Porzana severnsi † Small Oʻahu crake, Porzana ziegleri † Kosrae crake, Porzana monasa † Henderson crake, Porzana atra Mangaia crake, Porzana rua † Tahiti crake, Porzana nigra † numerous other unnamed Porzana crakes from various Pacific islands Lord Howe swamphen, Porphyrio albus † North Island takahē, Porphyrio mantelli † Takahē, Porphyrio hochstetteri Samoan woodhen, Gallinula pacifica Makira woodhen, Gallinula silvestris Tristan moorhen, Gallinula nesiotis † Gough Island moorhen, Gallinula comeri Tasmanian native hen, Tribonyx mortierii Giant coot, Fulica gigantea (adults only; immature birds can fly) Hawkins' rail, Diaphorapteryx hawkinsi † Snipe-rail, Capellirallus karamu † Antillean cave rail, Nesotrochis debooyi † Hispaniolan cave rail, Nesotrochis steganinos † Cuban cave rail, Nesotrochis picapicensis † Adzebills, Aptornis otidiformis and A. defossor † Podicipediformes (grebes) Junín grebe, Podiceps taczanowskii Titicaca grebe, Rollandia microptera Atitlán grebe, Podilymbus gigas † (reportedly flightless) Charadriiformes (shorebirds and allies) Great auk, Pinguinus impennis † Sphenisciformes (penguins) Emperor penguin, Aptenodytes forsteri King penguin, Aptenodytes patagonicus Adélie penguin, Pygoscelis adeliae Chinstrap penguin, Pygoscelis antarctica Gentoo penguin, Pygoscelis papua Little blue penguin, Eudyptula minor