non-Paris Club official bilateral creditors are representing a larger share in the financing of developing and emerging countries. The objective of the Forum, in this context, is to foster close and regular dialogue between stakeholders, in order to create an international financial environment favorable to sustainable growth in developing countries. In particular, the Paris Forum aims at enhancing the involvement of emerging countries, be they creditors or debtors, in international debates on sovereign financing, in order to make discussions as open and frank as possible. The Paris Forum annually gathers more than thirty representatives from sovereign creditors and debtors, of which the members of the G20, the members of the Paris Club, and countries from the different regions of the world. 2013 Paris Forum The first edition of the Paris Forum was held on 29 October 2013 in Paris, and was jointly organized by the Paris Club and the Russian Presidency of the G20. The closing remarks were made by Ms. Christine Lagarde, Managing director of the IMF. 2014 Paris Forum The second edition of the Paris Forum was held on 20 November 2014 in Paris, and was jointly organized by the Paris Club and the Australian Presidency of the G20. Closing remarks were made by M. José Ángel Gurría, Secretary General of the OECD. 2015 Paris Forum The third edition of the Paris Forum was held on 20 November 2015 in Paris, and was jointly organized by the Paris Club and the Turkish Presidency of the G20. 2016 Paris Forum The fourth edition of the Paris Forum was held on 29 November 2016 in Paris, and was organized by the Paris Club. Accomplishments The Paris club has played a role in debt crisis resolution for a period greater than 50 years in emerging and developing countries. The rules and principles that are established for negotiations of different types of debt treatments have proven to be highly efficient towards the resolving of various debt crises. Pragmatism and flexibility are important features in the past activity of the Paris club, with the decisions of the group influenced primarily by technical criteria, although sometimes also by political criteria. Milestones: 1956 (16 May): First Paris Club Agreement (Argentina) 1966: First Paris Club Agreement with an Asian country (Indonesia) 1976: First Paris Club Agreement with an African country (Zaire) 1981: First Paris Club Agreement with a European country (Poland) 1982: The Mexican crisis triggers