*prews- This differs from the development of *rs, *ks, and of *s after other vowels, e.g. djerr 'fallow land' < *dersa, cf. Greek χέρσος 'dry land' < *ǵʰers- hirrë 'whey' < *ksirā, cf. Sanskrit क्षीर / kṣīrá 'milk' kohë 'time' < *kāsā, cf. Slavic *časъ 'time' < *kʷeh₁s-eh₂ However, this view of Albanian is controversial. Firstly, the words in question that Orel bases this theory on have shaky etymologies. Dash has a disputed etymology, with rival versions attributing the word not to Proto-Indo-European *dʰews-om but instead *dʰeh₁-l-, or *demh₂ from *dmh₂ "to tame". Pishë meanwhile is argued to not be inherited from Proto-Indo-European at all; rather it and its soundalikes in Greek and Latin are in fact substrate vocabulary. Lesh is alternatively attributed instead to *h₂welh₁- "wool", making it cognate to Latin vellus. Meanwhile, no RUKI-like rule is included in other studies of Proto-Albanian diachrony. Michiel de Vaan (2015) instead has a Proto-Albanian *ʃ emerging from different means, which barely resemble a RUKI law: Indo-European *ks shares the fate of simple *s in becoming *ʃ before *t (as occurred for jashtë "outside" and gjashtë "six", but not other cases with *ks where *t did not follow), with *t as the conditioning factor, rather than the prior *k. Meanwhile, the development of *s itself is highly disputed, but in contrast to Orel's view that it was conditioned on a RUKI-like phenomenon, De Vaan prefers Kortlandt's view that *s became *ʃ when either followed by an unstressed vowel or intervocalically, regardless of the quality of nearby vowels. Notes Further reading Charles Prescott. "Germanic and the Ruki Dialects" Indo-European linguistics Sound laws