root in the Auswärtiges Amt. By 1914, Harden had moved sufficiently to the right that he welcomed the German invasion of Belgium. During the war, Harden was an annexationist who wrote numerous articles demanding that Germany win the war, annex most of Europe, Africa, and Asia, and become the world's greatest power. However, after the defeat of Germany he became a pacifist. Eulenberg himself was irrelevant by then. The Eulenburg affair has been held up as one example of anti-homosexuality sentiment being used as a means to attain certain political goals. As Eulenburg's wife later commented, "They are striking at my husband, but their target is the kaiser." The affair also led people in other countries to perceive homosexuality as especially prevalent in Germany. New euphemisms for homosexuality came into use, such as ("the German vice") or (in French), or (Italian) . See also Causes of World War I LGBT history in Germany LGBT grooming conspiracy theory Notes References and further reading Domeier, Norman. The Eulenburg Affair. A Cultural History of Politics in Imperial Germany (German History in Context 1), New York 2015, . Domeier, Norman. "The homosexual scare and the masculinization of German politics before World War I." Central European History 47.4 (2014): 737-759. Duberman, Martin. Jews Queers Germans (Seven Stories Press, 2017). Dynes, Wayne R. (ed.) Encyclopedia of Homosexuality. (New York and London, Garland Publishing, 1990). Hull, Isabel V. The Entourage of Kaiser Wilhelm II, 1888–1918 (2004) excerpt Johansson, Warren and Percy, William A. Outing: Shattering the Conspiracy of Silence. (Harrington Park Press, 1994). Massie, Robert K. Dreadnought: Britain, Germany, and the coming of the Great War (Random House, 1991) excerpt see Dreadnought (book), popular history pp 663–679. Röhl, John. The Kaiser and his Court: Wilhelm II and the Government of Germany (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994) Röhl, John C. G; Sombart, Nicolaus (Editors) Kaiser Wilhelm II New Interpretations: The Corfu Papers, (Cambridge University Press, 1982). Young, Harry F. Maximilian Harden. Censor Germaniae: The Critic in Opposition from Bismarck to the Rise of Nazism (The Hague: M. Nijhoff, 1959). External links glbtq: Eulenburg-Hertefeld, Philipp, Prince zu (1857–1921) See also 1900s in Germany 1907 in Germany 1908 in Germany 1900s in LGBT history Legal history of Germany LGBT history in Germany Political scandals in Germany Gay history Persecution of LGBT people in Germany 1907 crimes in Germany 1908 crimes in Germany LGBT people and military service LGBT-related political scandals