in the Ottoman Empire. Both Koshkadam and Mehmed II supported different candidates to the principality of Karaman; then in 1467 sultan Kait Bey offended the Ottoman sultan Bayezid II, whose brother was poisoned while being entertained by Kait. Bayezid II seized Adana, Tarsus and other places within Egyptian territory, but was eventually defeated by Kait. Kait also tried to help the Muslims in Spain by threatening the Christians in Syria, but without effect. He died in 1496, leaving several hundred thousand ducats debts to the great Venetian trading families. List of Burji Sultans Orange shaded row signifies brief interruption in the rule of Burji dynasty by Bahri dynasty. Silver shaded row signifies interruption in the rule of Burji dynasty by Abbasid dynasty. Conquest by Ottomans The relationship between the Ottomans and the Mamluks had been adversarial since the Fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans in 1453. Both states constantly vied for control of the spice trade, and the Ottomans aspired to eventually taking control of the Holy Cities of Islam. An earlier conflict, which lasted from 1485 to 1491, had led to a stalemate. By 1516, the Ottomans were free from other concerns—Sultan Selim I had just vanquished the Safavid Persians at the Battle of Chaldiran in 1514—and turned their full might against the Mamluks, who ruled in Syria and Egypt, to complete the Ottoman conquest of the Middle East. In 1517 the Ottomans and their Sultan Selim I defeated the Mamluks with the capture of Cairo on January 20. The centre of power transferred from Cairo to Constantinople. However, the Ottoman Empire retained the Mamluks as an Egyptian ruling class and the Mamluks and the Burji family succeeded in regaining some of their influence, but remained vassals of the Ottomans and the Ottoman Empire chose the Pashas or governors of the region. Mamluks were entirely destroyed and exterminated by the Mehmet Ali of Egypt during his power struggle in Egypt after he put order there in 1800 with his Albanian troops and after he invaded Sudan. See also History of Arab Egypt History of Ottoman Egypt List of Sunni Muslim dynasties References Further reading |- |- Mamluk Sultanate Circassian dynasties 1382 establishments 1517 disestablishments 14th-century establishments in the Mamluk Sultanate 16th-century disestablishments in the Mamluk Sultanate