to genetic engineering technology; Approximately 50% of scientists in the field do not have access to information on genetically modified mosquito trials being conducted. Other prevention methods include: Draining wetlands to reduce populations of insects and other vectors, or introducing natural predators of the vectors. The application of insecticides and/or insect repellents) to strategic surfaces such as clothing, skin, buildings, insect habitats, and bed nets. The use of a mosquito net over a bed (also known as a "bed net") to reduce nighttime transmission, since certain species of tropical mosquitoes feed mainly at night. Sexually transmitted diseases Both pharmacologic pre-exposure prophylaxis (to prevent disease before exposure to the environment and/or vector) and pharmacologic post-exposure prophylaxis (to prevent disease after exposure to the environment and/or vector) are used to prevent and treat HIV Community approaches Assisting with economic development in endemic regions can contribute to prevention and treatment of tropical diseases. For example, microloans enable communities to invest in health programs that lead to more effective disease treatment and prevention technology. Educational campaigns can aid in the prevention of various diseases. Educating children about how diseases spread and how they can be prevented has proven to be effective in practicing preventative measures. Educational campaigns can yield significant benefits at low costs. Other approaches Use of water wells, and/or water filtration, water filters, or water treatment with water tablets to produce drinking water free of parasites. Sanitation to prevent transmission through human waste. Development and use of vaccines to promote disease immunity. Pharmacologic treatment (to treat disease after infection or infestation). See also Hospital for Tropical Diseases Tropical medicine Infectious disease Neglected diseases List of epidemics Waterborne diseases Globalization and disease References Further reading Books TDR at a glance - fostering an effective global research effort on diseases of poverty Le TDR en un coup d’oeilLe TDR en un coup d’oeil - favoriser un eff ort mondial de recherche eff icace sur les maladies liées à la pauvreté TDR annual report - 2009 Monitoring and evaluation tool kit for indoor residual spraying Indicators for monitoring and evaluation of the kala-azar elimination programme Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test Performance - results of WHO product testing of malaria RDTs: Round 2- 2009 Quality Practices in Basic Biomedical Research (QPBR) training manual: Trainer Quality Practices in Basic Biomedical Research (QPBR) training manual: Trainee Progress and prospects for the use of genetically modified mosquitoes to inhibit disease