Ōta Masahiro, also took a harsh approach to controlling Taiwan's Indigenous Peoples: certain tribes were disarmed and left unprotected, giving their Aboriginal enemies an opportunity to annihilate them on behalf of the Japanese administration. Around 500 of the Seediq involved in the Musha Incident surrendered and were subsequently confined to a village near Musha. However, on 25 April 1931, Indigenous groups working with the Japanese authorities attacked the village, beheading all remaining males over the age of 15. This is known as the "Second Musha Incident". However, the uprising did affect a change in the authorities' attitudes and approaches towards Aboriginals in Taiwan. Musha had been regarded as the most "enlightened and compliant" of the Aboriginal territories, and the colonial power's inability to prevent the massacre provoked a fear of similar nationalist movements starting in Taiwan, Korea, and Japan itself. A change in policy was clearly needed. Ching suggests that the ideology of imperialisation (kominka 皇民化) became the dominant form of colonial control; Aboriginals became represented as imperial subjects on equal footing with other ethnic groups in Taiwan, and were upgraded in status from "raw savages" to . Furthermore, Japanization education was intensified, promoting Japanese culture and loyalty to the emperor in the younger generation. During the Musha Incident, the Seediq under Mona Rudao revolted against the Japanese, while the Truku and Toda did not. The rivalry of the Seediq versus the Toda and Truku was aggravated by Musha Incident, since the Japanese had long played them off against each other. Seediq land was given to the Truku (Taroko) and Toda by the Japanese after the incident. In the media The Musha Incident has been depicted three times in movies, in 1957 in the film Qing Shan bi xue (), in the 2003 TV drama , and in the 2011 Taiwanese film Seediq Bale. The Chinese novel Remains of Life (originally published in Chinese in 1999, published in English translation in 2017) is a fictionalized account of the aftermath of this incident. See also History of Taiwan Mona Rudao References Further reading Conflicts in 1930 Rebellions in Asia Taiwan under Japanese rule 1930 in Japan 1930 in Taiwan Combat incidents Taiwanese aboriginal culture and history Violence against indigenous peoples Seediq people Truku people October 1930 events November 1930 events December 1930 events Military operations involving chemical weapons Mass suicides Military history of Taiwan Military history of Japan