Chrism, also called myrrh, myron, holy anointing oil, and consecrated oil, is a consecrated oil used in the Anglican, Assyrian, Catholic, Nordic Lutheran, Old Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, and Latter Day Saint churches in the administration of certain sacraments and ecclesiastical functions. Name The English chrism derives from Koine Greek via Latin and Old French. In Greek, khrîsma () was originally the verbal noun ("(the act of) anointing", "unction") of ("anoint"). By extension, along with khrîma (), khrîstai (), and later khrísma (), it came to be used for the anointing oil or ointment itself. Khrísma came into Latin as , which appears in the works of Tertullian. This was adopted directly into Old English as , which developed into Middle English and various related spellings. In Old French, the original Latin was conflated with ("cream"), developing into , which was also borrowed into Middle English around 1300 as and various related spellings. The spelling chrism after the Latin original was generally adopted in the 16th century, after which "cream" came to be restricted to its present meaning. The Proto-Indo-European root from which the Greek term derived has been reconstructed as *ghrei- ("to trickle"). This is cognate with Sanskrit ghṛtə (, from the radix (भासे / क्षरणे / छादने), which means to shine / to trickle / to cover) and Hindi ghī (, "ghee"), as well as Lithuanian ("skimming"), Middle Low German ("grime"), Old English ("mask, helm, spectre", presumably from an original sense of "covering" or "concealment"), English grime, and possibly Phrygian ("painted, ornamented, inscribed"). Chrism can be also a Myron or myrrh. Myron is an oil that is blessed by a bishop. Early Christian usage Multiple early Christian documents discuss the "ordinance" or "several ceremonies...explained in the Apostolical Constitutions" of "chrism", including documents by Theophilus (d. 181) and Tertullian (d. 220). The most detailed version of the practice is by Cyril of Jerusalem who details how ointment or oil was "symbolically applied to the forehead, and the other organs of sense" and that the "ears, nostrils, and breast were each to be anointed." Cyril states that the "ointment is the seal of the covenants" of baptism and God's promises to the Christian who is anointed. Cyril taught that being "anointed with the Holy anointing oil of God" was the sign of a Christian, and a physical representation of having the Gift of the Holy Spirit, and it retains