Emergency Maternal, Neonatal and Child Healthcare (EMNCH) was established. The program was originally started in the Afghan refugee camps in Pakistan and has subsequently been developed in Pakistan with assistance from the local offices of the World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF. In 2006, it was successfully introduced into The Gambia following a recommendation from WHO Geneva. In November 2012 a similar programme was started in Liberia with financial support from THET and UKAID. Additional programs of CAI and subsequently of MCAI involved apprenticeship based training in hospital care of pregnant women, newborn infants and children in Kosovo, Sri Lanka, Afghanistan, Uganda, The Gambia and Liberia. Throughout the last 20 years of this work, Professor Southall has been the Honorary Medical Director of CAI/MCAI and the lead in all of the above work. Respiratory research and child protection work Between 1979 and 1983 a large prospective investigation funded by the British Heart Foundation and the Medical Research Council was led by Professor Southall into the potential role of short episodes of absent breathing and heart rate and rhythm disorders in newborn infants. The study showed no evidence that these episodes in infants were related to subsequent SIDS leading to a major reversal of the role of apnoea monitors in SIDS prevention. For his research work into SIDS, Professor Southall was given The Mary Gray and William W Cobey Award from the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Institute in 1994, University of Maryland and in January 1995 the Annenberg Center Apnea of Infancy Award. In 1993, Professor Southall reported in the British Medical Journal a study investigating the performance of invasive procedures in the intensive care of infants and children. This study revealed inadequate pain control and sedation for a high proportion of painful procedures and led to a national review of this problem. As a consequence he was appointed chair of a working party of the British Paediatric Association to develop guidelines on the management of pain control in children in hospital in the UK. Between 1986 and 1994, Professor Southall led a program of diagnostic and treatment based clinical work at the Royal Brompton Hospital in London, and the North Staffordshire Royal Infirmary in Stoke-on-Trent involving patients with unexplained life-threatening events from a wide area of the UK. This work, involving the police and social services departments, helped protect children from life-threatening episodes of Fabricated or Induced Illness (FII) mostly