also bring about G should be considered? CQ3: Among bringing about A and these alternative actions, which is arguably the most efficient? CQ4: What grounds are there for arguing that it is practically possible for me to bring about A? CQ5: What consequences of my bringing about A should also be taken into account? It can be seen from CQ5 that argumentation from consequences is closely related to the scheme for practical reasoning. It has often been disputed in philosophy whether practical reasoning is purely instrumental or whether it needs to be based on values. Argument from values is combined with practical reasoning in the type of argumentation called value-based practical reasoning. The following argumentation scheme for value-based practical reasoning is given in . Argumentation scheme for value-based practical reasoning In the current circumstances R we should perform action A to achieve New Circumstances S which will realize some goal G which will promote some value V. Practical reasoning is used in arguments, but also in explanations used to draw conclusions about an agent's goals, motives or intentions, based on reports of what the agent said or did. Practical reasoning is centrally important in artificial intelligence, and also vitally important in many other fields such as law, medicine and engineering. It has been known as a distinctive type of argumentation as far back as Aristotle. See also Action theory (philosophy) Critique of Practical Reason Decisional balance, or balance-of-considerations reasoning Philosophy of action Phronesis Pure practical reason Rationality Rationality and Power Rhetorical reason Tacit knowledge References Sources Elijah Millgram, ed., Varieties of Practical Reasoning, Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 2001. . Joseph Raz, ed., Practical Reasoning, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978. . Charles Taylor, "Explanation and Practical Reason," in Philosophical Arguments, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1995. . External links Reasoning Action (philosophy) Concepts in epistemology Concepts in ethics Critical thinking Philosophy of logic Philosophy of mind Thought