(mola > mora, filum > fir, sal > sare) exists in some Gallo-Italic languages as well: Lombard (Western and ) and Ligurian. In Umbrian but not Oscan, rhotacism of intervocalic s occurred as in Latin. Sanskrit In Sanskrit, words ending in -s (-สฺ) other than -as ([เสียงอะ] + สฺ) become -r (-รฺ) in sandhi with a voiced consonant: naus (นอุสฺ) (before p, t, k) vs naur bharati (นอุรฺ ภรติ) agnis (อคฺนิสฺ) (before p, t, k) vs agnir mata (อคฺนิรฺ มต) That is not properly rhotacism since r and s are then simply allophones. Turkic Among the Turkic languages, the Oghur branch exhibits /r/, opposing to the rest of Turkic, which exhibits /z/. In this case, rhotacism refers to the development of *-/r/, *-/z/, and *-/d/ to /r/,*-/k/,*-/kh/ in this branch. South Slavic languages (This section relies on the treatment in Greenberg 1999.) In some South Slavic languages, rhotacism occasionally changes a voiced palatal fricative to a dental or alveolar tap or trill between vowels: moreš (Slovene, dialectal Serbo-Croatian) 'you can' from earlier možešь kdor (Slovene) from earlier kъto-že The beginning of the change is attested in the Freising manuscripts from the 10th century AD, which show both the archaism (ise 'which' < *jь-že) and the innovation (tere 'also' < *te-že). The shift is also found in individual lexical items in Bulgarian dialects, дорде 'until' (< *do-že-dĕ) and Macedonian, сеѓере (archaic: 'always'). However, the results of the sound change have largely been reversed by lexical replacement in dialects in Serbia and Bosnia from the 14th century. Dialects in Croatia and Slovenia have preserved more of the lexical items with the change and have even extended grammatical markers in -r from many sources that formally merged with the rhotic forms that arose from the sound change: Slovene dialect nocor 'tonight' (< *not'ь-sь-ǫ- + -r-) on the model of večer 'evening' (< *večerъ). The reversal of the change is evident in dialects in Serbia in which the -r- formant is systematically removed: Serbian veče 'evening'. See also Lambdacism, the related condition or phonetic shift with regard to the sound References Bibliography Phonetics Sound changes