contractor designs and builds a facility for a fixed fee, rate or total cost, which is one of the key criteria in selecting the winning bid. The contractor assumes risks involved in the design and construction phases. Turnkey procurement under a design-build contract means that the design-build team would serve as the owner’s representative to determine the specific needs of the user groups; meet with the vendors to select the best options and pricing; advise the owner on the most logical options; plan and build the spaces to accommodate the function of the project; coordinate purchases and timelines; install the infrastructure; facilitate training of staff to use the equipment; and outline care and maintenance in addition to being responsible for the design and construction of the works to the employer’s requirements, the contractor is also responsible for operating and maintaining the completed facility. The operation and maintenance period will span decades during which time the contractor is said to have the ‘concession’ and is responsible for the operation of the facility, and benefits from operational income. The facility itself however remains the property of the employer. DBO design-build-operate contract is a project delivery model in which a single contractor is appointed to design and build a project and then to operate it for a period of time. The common form of such a contract is a PPP public-private partnership, in which a public client (e.g. government or public agency) enters into a contract with a private contractor to design, build and then operate the project, while the client finances the project and retains ownership. DBFO design-build-finance-operate which also assigns the responsibility to the private organisation to design, build, finance and operate. Financing your competitive project may be easy when there is a high demand for a service right now, and investors will throw money at any project that claims the spoils, such as opening a new airport in a busy metropolis. BLT build-lease-transfer, in which the public sector partner leases the project from the contractor and also takes responsibility for its operation. ROT renovate-operate-transfer is a procurement method for infrastructure that already exists but is performing substandard. As you know, when essential services are no longer operating efficiently or effectively, repairs can be costly. When an obsolete facility or amenity (any public service such as telephone lines etc.) becomes outdated and requires expensive repairs, it can be financed through public-private