construction of the Great Hall of the People. In the initial years after the founding of the People's Republic in 1949 new housing developments appeared in Madian. Due to its location accessible to other areas, Madian was selected as a place for the development of new housing. Apartments were built in the place of the slaughterhouse and sheep market after those facilities were demolished. Han people moved into the apartments, causing the percentage of Hui people to decrease. Weiping Wu and Piper Gaubatz, authors of The Chinese City, wrote that the result was that "lost much of its Muslim character". The resident head stated that in the 1980s fewer than 30% of the people in Madian were Muslim. In 1996 Dru C. Gladney, author of Muslim Chinese: Ethnic Nationalism in the People's Republic, wrote that "recent studies indicate that the [Hui] community continues to maintain a strong solidarity." In the decades before 2002 the expansion of highways and roads further changed the character of Madian. Many Hui left Madian when the Dechang Road was constructed in the 1980s. This road later became a part of the Badaling Expressway. In the 1990s developers started renovation projects in Madian because of its location along the 3rd Ring Road. In 1993 the renovation of the Yulanyuan had been completed. The central buildings are three story residential buildings that do not reflect the Islamic culture. Prior to the renovation the area had been named Nancun or Southern Village (C: 南村, P: Náncūn). More Hui left the neighborhood during the construction of the 3rd Ring Road in the 1990s. After the renovation of Yulanyuan, 40% of the original residents returned. In other parts of Madian, the rates of return from former residents were lower. Ultimately most of the displaced Hui Madian residents settled in more inexpensive areas further from the Beijing city core, in the northern and northwestern parts of Beijing. Wenfei Wang, Shangyi Zhou, and Cindy Fan stated that post-renovation Madian was "relatively expensive". In 2000, many former residents of Madian would have been unable to move back there or have been required to buy a smaller living area if they wanted to move back as the purchase price of a new apartment was above 10,000 yuan per square meter. The resident head stated that in 2000 Madian was about 25% Muslim. In 2002 Wenfei Wang, Shangyi Zhou, and Cindy Fan stated that "Madian