both manual and automatic gearboxes. The torque is transmitted from the engine with a single-disc dry clutch with a torsional damper in the models with a manual gearbox, the automatic models have a torque converter with built in lockup-clutch. Manual transmissions The 4-speed manual transmissions are: Getrag 242 (for M10 and M20 engine models) Getrag 262 (M30 engines) The 5-speed manual transmissions are: Getrag 240 (M10 and M21 engines) Getrag 245 (M10 engines) Getrag 260 (M20, M21 and M30 engines) Getrag 265 (M30 engines and 525e/528e) Getrag 280 (M88/3 and S38 engines) ZF S5-16 (M20 engines) Automatic transmissions The 3-speed automatic transmissions are: ZF 3HP22 (M20 and M30 engines, US market only) The 4-speed automatic transmissions are: ZF 4HP22 (M10, M20, M21) ZF 4HP22 EH (M20, M30) Suspension Independent front and rear suspension is used, with Macpherson struts at the front and a semi-trailing arm design for the rear. The front suspension was upgraded to use dual links at the bottom of the strut, as first seen on the E23 7 Series. This increases steering offset while cornering, to improve steering feel. Double-acting shock absorbers, coil springs and a front anti-roll bar are used. The rear suspension is mounted on a delta beam that is connected to the body with three screws in rubber bearings, that have longitudinal play. Some models have a rear anti-roll bar. The steering on most models is a speed-dependent recirculating ball power steering system made by ZF Friedrichshafen. The 518i has a Gemmer steering system with a double enveloping worm gear, also made by ZF. Wheel sizes are 14-inch (16-inch for the M5 model) or 390 mm Michelin TRX. All rims have 22 mm positive rim offset. Brakes The brakes use a hydraulic dual-circuit brake system with power assistance. The front wheels have disc brakes, that are – except for the 518i – internally ventilated. All models with 2.5 L or more displacement have rear disc brakes (non-vented), while the lesser powered models have rear drum brakes. To prevent the wheels from locking, BMW equipped the E28 after 1984 with an anti-lock braking system, although it was an option in some markets. M5 model The E28 was the first M5 model produced, and is powered by the M88/3 and S38 straight-six engines. North American market models The North American line-up consisted of the 528e (1982-1988, known as the 525e in Europe), 533i (1983-1984), 535i (1985-1988),