should be present and indicate the diarrhea to be inflammatory in nature. Methods currently being developed to detect the presence of campylobacter organisms include antigen testing via an EIA or PCR. Prevention Pasteurization of milk and chlorination of drinking water destroys the organisms. Treatment with antibiotics can reduce fecal excretion. Infected health care workers should not provide direct patient care. Separate cutting boards should be used for foods of animal origin and other foods. After preparing raw food of animal origin, all cutting boards and countertops should be carefully cleaned with soap and hot water. Contact with pet saliva and feces should be avoided. The World Health Organization recommends the following: Food should be properly cooked and hot when served. Consume only pasteurized or boiled milk and milk products, never raw milk products. Make sure that ice is from safe water. If you are not sure of the safety of drinking water, boil it, or disinfect it with chemical disinfectant. Wash hands thoroughly and frequently with soap, especially after using the toilet and after contact with pets and farm animals. Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly, especially if they are to be eaten raw. Peel fruits and vegetables whenever possible. Food handlers, professionals and at home, should observe hygienic rules during food preparation. Professional food handlers should immediately report to their employer any fever, diarrhea, vomiting or visible infected skin lesions. Treatment The infection is usually self-limiting, and in most cases, symptomatic treatment by liquid and electrolyte replacement is enough in human infections. Antibiotics Antibiotic treatment only has a marginal effect on the duration of symptoms, and its use is not recommended except in high-risk patients with clinical complications. Erythromycin can be used in children, and tetracycline in adults. Some studies show, however, that erythromycin rapidly eliminates Campylobacter from the stool without affecting the duration of illness. Nevertheless, children with dysentery due to C. jejuni benefit from early treatment with erythromycin. Treatment with antibiotics, therefore, depends on the severity of symptoms. Quinolones are effective if the organism is sensitive, but high rates of quinolone use in livestock mean that quinolones are now largely ineffective. Antimotility agents, such as loperamide, can lead to prolonged illness or intestinal perforation in any invasive diarrhea, and should be avoided. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and ampicillin are ineffective against Campylobacter. In animals In the past, poultry infections were often treated by mass administration of enrofloxacin and sarafloxacin for single