vertically with individual boxes for each Chinese character. There is a thin column to the right of the boxes, for transcribing kana pronunciation. The sizes can vary for ability levels. It is used across the East Asian cultural sphere, for example in Korea for writing proverbs. New Zealand New Zealand standard for school stationery, 1984 specifies standards for ruled and unruled paper. Russia Formats for exercise notebooks are standardised. School exercise books must use 8 mm spacing between the lines, other ruled paper may use 6 mm, 7 mm, 8 mm and 9 mm spacing. The paper for cursive writing uses pairs of lines 4 mm apart, with 8 mm between the pairs. They may also have angled lines at 65 degrees to vertical to provide additional guidance. The lines can have gray, blue, green or purple color. The vertical margin line must have red or orange color. South Africa A4 Ruled/Ledger Paper: 8 mm line height; 2 cm left-margin. Top and bottom margins may vary. Often sold as "college exercise books" or "exam pads". United States Ruled paper is available in a variety of semi-standardized formats: Gregg ruled paper has ruling specialized for stenography. "Paper should be smooth and lined, dull in finish, with three lines to the inch and a line down the center." Junior Legal ruled paper is found on 5-inch by 8-inch Junior Legal Pads. This can be equal to Narrow rule or Medium rule, depending on the manufacturer. Manuscript ruled paper is used to teach young children how to write. A blank sheet consists of rows of three lines (the space between them depends on the age group being taught) with the middle line in each three-line set being dotted. The D'Nealian writing style is a well-known teaching method that makes use of this type of paper ruling. Another educational institution, A Beka Book, utilizes this ruling along with a house metaphor (upstairs, downstairs, and basement) to help young children learn where parts of each letter should be written. The usage is similar in concept to the use of the horizontal lines on French Seyès rule paper. Medium ruled (or college ruled) paper has spacing between horizontal lines, with a vertical margin drawn about from the left-hand edge of the page. Its use is very common in the United States. Narrow ruled paper has in () spacing between ruling lines, and is used by those