infantry and 1,200 cavalry), with a large peasant militia. In times of war, militiamen were trained and impressed and mercenaries were hired, and the size of the army quickly rose. In 1625, the duchy had an army of 26,600 regulars (25,381 infantry and 1,213 cavalry), plus about 8,000 militia. The regulars consisted of 5 to 7 regiments of Piedmontese, with mercenaries comprising the rest, including 9 regiments of French and 2 regiments of Italians. In 1635 the regular army was down to 12,250, then 15,710 in 1637, 18,000 in 1649, then 5,500 in the peacetime year of 1660, then 26,178 in 1672, and 35,000 in 1705 (with 10,000 militia called up to bolster them and more uncalled).Gregory Hanlon, "Twilight of a Military Tradition", London 1998, p. 106. The militia was relatively well-armed and consisted of 24,000 men in 1566, of whom about a third could be used outside of their immediate district. List of Dukes of Savoy Amadeus VIII: 1391–1440, duke from 1416 Louis: 1440–65 Amadeus IX: 1465–72 Philibert I: 1472–82 Charles I: 1482–90, first titular King of Cyprus, Jerusalem and Armenia of the House of Savoy Charles (II) John Amadeus: 1490–96 Philip II: 1496–97 Philibert II: 1497–1504 Charles III: 1504–53 Emmanuel Philibert: 1553–80 Charles Emmanuel I: 1580–1630 Victor Amadeus I: 1630–37 Francis Hyacinth: 1637–38 Charles Emmanuel II: 1638–75 Victor Amadeus II: 1675–1730, King of Sicily 1713–1720, then King of Sardinia Charles Emmanuel III: 1730–1773 Victor Amadeus III: 1773–1796 Charles Emmanuel IV: 1796–1802 Victor Emmanuel I: 1802–1821 Charles Felix of Sardinia: 1821–1831 Charles Albert of Sardinia: 1831–1849 Victor Emmanuel II: 1849–1861 (last) Flag The flag of Savoy is a white cross on a red field. It is based on a crusader flag, and as such is identical in origin to the flag of the Knights of Malta (whence the modern Flag of Malta and of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta), and others (flags of Denmark and Switzerland, with inverted colors to those of England and Genoa, among others). It was possibly first used by Amadeus III, Count of Savoy, who went on the Second Crusade in 1147. In the 18th century, the letters "FERT" were sometimes added in the cantons to distinguish the flag from the Maltese one. Notes When the Duchy of Savoy acquired Sicily in 1713 and later Sardinia in 1720, the title of "Duke of Savoy", while remaining a primary title, became a lesser title to