language of the Christian Spanish, after which they would have to get rid of all Arabic written material. Moriscos of Castile and Aragon translated all prayers and the Hadith (sayings of the Prophet Muhammad) into Aljamiado transcriptions of the Spanish language, while keeping all Qur'anic verses in the original Arabic. Aljamiado scrolls were circulated amongst the Moriscos. Historians came to know about Aljamiado literature only in the early nineteenth century. Some of the Aljamiado scrolls are kept in the Spanish National Library in Madrid. Transcription Vowels The long vowels in Arabic were used to write the stressed vowels in Romance languages and the short vowels were used for unstressed vowels. In turn, these three vowels were written as three different letters when they occupied the final position. Since the vowels /e/ and /o/ did not exist in Arabic, they were created as a combination of short and long vowels without differentiating between unstressed and stressed vowels. Some texts simplified this system by writing all vowels as short vowels, without differentiating between unstressed, stressed, and final vowels. Consonants Andalusian writers solved the absence of certain phonemes in Arabic by modifying certain letters using the diacritical mark for gemination. Sometimes the same letter was used without marking it with a shadda, which has caused ambiguities in some cases. The sound /p/ was represented on rare occasions as ف (f) and فّ (double f). Some letters simply adopted another value or were solved through digraphs. The phoneme /β/ was typically represented by the letter ب (b), though in some instances it was represented by the letter ف (f). The plosive consonants were required to be aspirated; however, this aspect was lost in weaker positions such as the initial position of a word or an intervocalic position. In Aljamiado texts, the letter ط was utilized to represent the phoneme /t/ in initial and intervocalic positions where it was unaspirated, while the letter ت was utilized in postconsonantal positions to indicate the aspirated form of the phoneme. Similarly, the letter ﻕ was used to represent the phoneme /k/ in initial and intervocalic positions where it was unaspirated, and the letter ﻙ was used in postconsonantal positions to indicate the aspirated form. However, it must be noted that according to the glossary of Abuljair, the aspiration of plosive consonants never ceased to occur in any position. Other uses The practice of Jews writing Romance languages such