has lost much of its character as a Hui enclave in terms of both residential and economic functions." The three authors added that Gladney's conclusions about the solidarity of the community were "quickly outdated." As of 2002 the development plans state that a multifunctional building named "CityChamp Palace" would be the centerpiece of Madian. Demographics In 1982 there were 2,266 Han individuals in 660 households, 922 Hui individuals in 282 households, and 65 Manchu individuals in 30 households. The district was 28.6% Hui. 7.8% of the Han individuals have intermarried with Hui or Manchu, 11.2% of the Hui individuals have intermarried with Han or Manchu, and 80% of the Manchu individuals have intermarried with Han or Hui. Government and infrastructure In 2002 Wenfei Wang, Shangyi Zhou, and Cindy Fan argued that the fact that Madian is divided between two administrative offices instead of being under one has "undermined" the Hui community and therefore, unlike the Niujie area in Xicheng District, the city government was less willing to preserve the Hui community in Madian due to developmental pressures. Economy As of 2002 the community had several Hui groceries, three or four beef and mutton shops, and eight small Hui restaurants. Wenfei Wang, Shangyi Zhou, and Cindy Fan wrote that it is "likely" that "most of these businesses will disappear" as the renovation project of Madian continues its course. In addition, in an interview in August 2000 the head of a Madian resident committee stated that even though going to Niujie from Madian meant a lengthy commute, many Madian Hui preferred to travel there to purchase beef and mutton. The three authors wrote that the decline of the Hui population in Madian furthers the decline of the Hui economy there, and vice versa in a repeating process. Wenfei Wang, Shangyi Zhou, and Cindy Fan wrote that "Historically, the Hui people in Madian were highly concentrated in businesses linked to the sheep market and were less proficient in other economic activities." During the reign of the Daoguang Emperor, the district sold a total of 130,000 head of animals in one year. The central street of Madian had 13 animal shops with a combined annual sale of 30,000 head of animals. Up until the 1950s a slaughterhouse in Madian was the primary source of mutton and beef of the Hui population of Beijing. The introduction of locomotives damaged the economy of Madian, since it