Lithuanian grammar retains many archaic features from Proto-Balto-Slavic that have been lost in other Balto-Slavic languages, and is consequently very complex. Properties and morphological categories Grammatical terminology {| class="wikitable" |- !rowspan="2" scope="col" | Category !colspan="2" scope="col" | Language |- ! Lithuanian ! English |- !rowspan="11" scope="row" | Parts of speech | daiktavardis || noun |- | būdvardis || adjective |- | veiksmažodis || verb |- | skaitvardis || numeral |- | įvardis || pronoun |- | prieveiksmis || adverb |- | dalelytė || particle |- | prielinksnis || preposition |- | jungtukas || conjunction |- | jaustukas || interjection |- | ištiktukas || verbal interjection |- !rowspan="7" scope="row" | Main cases (liñksniai) | vardininkas || nominative |- | kilmininkas || genitive |- | naudininkas || dative |- | galininkas || accusative |- | įnagininkas || instrumental |- | vietininkas || inessive |- | šauksmininkas || vocative |- !rowspan="3" scope="row" | Locative cases | iliatyvas, kryptininkas || illative |- | aliatyvas || allative |- | adesyvas || adessive |- !rowspan="3" scope="row" | Number (skaĩčiai) | vienaskaita || singular |- | dviskaita || dual |- | daugiskaita || plural |- !rowspan="3" scope="row" | Degrees of comparison (láipsniai) | nelyginamasis || positive |- | aukštesnysis || comparative |- | aukščiausiasis || superlative |- !rowspan="2" scope="row" | Genders (gìminės) | vyriškoji || masculine |- | moteriškoji || feminine |- !rowspan="4" scope="row" | Tenses (laikaĩ) | esamasis || present |- | būtasis kartinis || past |- | būtasis dažninis || past iterative |- | būsimasis || future |- !rowspan="4" scope="row" | Moods (núosakos) | tiesioginė || indicative |- | netiesioginė || indirect |- | tariamoji || conditional (subjunctive) |- | liepiamoji || imperative |- !rowspan="2" scope="row" | Voices (rū́šys) | veikiamoji || active |- | neveikiamoji || passive |- !rowspan="2" scope="row" | Aspects (veikslaĩ) | įvykio || perfective |- | eigos || continuous, progressive |} Gender Lithuanian nouns are classified into one of two genders: masculine feminine Lithuanian adjectives, numerals, pronouns and participles are classified into one of three genders: masculine feminine neuter Since no noun can have a neutral gender, it is used with subjects of neutral or undefined gender: Ji () yra graži () – She is beautiful. Mokytojas () bus pasirengęs () – The teacher will be ready. Skaityti buvo įdomu (neuter) – Reading was interesting. The gender of a pronoun kas – 'who? what?', personal pronouns aš / mes – 'I'