Cecil Roth, historian and editor of the Encyclopaedia Judaica Simon Schama, historian Leonard Schapiro, historian Simon Sebag Montefiore, historian Charles Singer, historian of science Sir Aurel Stein, archeologist Barry Supple, British economic historian Geza Vermes Medical Sir George Alberti, President, Royal College of Physicians Asher Asher, first Scottish Jewish doctor Henry Cohen, 1st Baron Cohen of Birkenhead, President of the Royal Society of Medicine Sir Ian Gainsford, dentist Sir Abraham Goldberg, Regius Professor of Medicine, University of Glasgow, 1923–2007 Max Hamilton, psychiatrist Roderigo Lopez, New Christian doctor to Queen Elizabeth I John Henry Marks, former chairman of the British Medical Association Sir Jonathan Miller, physician and theatre director Leslie Turnberg, Baron Turnberg, professor, FMedSci Oliver Zangwill, professor of psychology Philosophers Samuel Alexander, professor of philosophy at Manchester, born in Australia, the first Jewish fellow of an Oxbridge college Sir Alfred Ayer, philosopher, populariser of logical positivism (Jewish mother) Sir Isaiah Berlin, political philosopher Max Black, philosopher Gerald Cohen, Oxford professor of philosophy Laurence Jonathan Cohen, Oxford professor of philosophy Ernest Gellner, philosopher social scientist H. L. A. Hart, legal philosopher Brian Klug, Senior Research Fellow in Philosophy, St Benet's Hall, University of Oxford; concepts of race, antisemitism, Islamophobia, Jewish identity Stephan Korner, Bristol professor of philosophy Imre Lakatos, Hungarian-born philosopher Alexander Piatigorsky, philosopher, Buddhologist, writer Sir Karl Popper, philosopher of science (family became Lutheran) Jonathan Romain, minister of Maidenhead Jewish community and leader of the British reform movement Richard Rudolf Walzer Ludwig Wittgenstein, philosopher; Jewish grandparents on both sides of the family who had converted to Christianity in the 19th century; he was christened, raised and eventually buried as a Catholic Richard Wollheim Social scientists Roy Clive Abraham, linguist Michael Balint, psychoanalyst (converted to Unitarianism) Zygmunt Bauman, sociologist Basil Bernstein, linguist Vernon Bogdanor, professor of politics Gerald Cohen, professor of social and political theory Arthur Lumley Davids, linguist and orientalist Norbert Elias, sociologist Herman Finer, political scientist Samuel Finer, political scientist Sir Moses I. Finley, historian and sociologist Meyer Fortes, anthropologist Eduard Fraenkel, philologist Anna Freud, child psychoanalyst Norman Geras, professor of government Morris Ginsberg, sociologist Max Gluckman, anthropologist Theodor Goldstücker, orientalist Jean Gottmann, professor of geography, Oxford University Julius Gould, sociologist David Hirsh, lecturer in sociology Paul Hirst, social theorist (Jewish mother) Marie Jahoda, psychology of discrimination Melanie Klein, child psychoanalyst Geoffrey Lewis Lewis, professor of Turkish Steven Lukes, political scientist Ashley Montagu, anthropologist and humanist Isaac Schapera, anthropologist