Les Boubou Macoutes was the popular nickname of special inspectors who investigated and visited the homes of suspected "welfare cheats" in the Canadian province of Quebec during the second government of Premier Robert Bourassa, in the 1990s. The phrase derives from a combination of Boubou, the popular nickname of Robert Bourassa, and the Tonton Macoutes – the secret police of Haiti under Papa Doc (François Duvalier) and Baby Doc (Jean-Claude Duvalier). See also Nicknames of politicians and personalities in Quebec Robert Bourassa Politics of Quebec Political history of Quebec Government of Quebec Welfare in Canada Welfare fraud