of Brixen condemned Pope Gregory VII over the Investiture Controversy, a conflict during the 11th and 12th century over the ability to appoint bishops. In 1115, a first line of walls encircling Brixen was completed. In 1174, and later again in 1234 and 1445, Brixen was devastated by fires. During the German mediatisation in 1802, Brixen was awarded to the Austrian Empire, only to be ceded to the Bavarians in 1805 after the Austrians suffered a great loss to Naploen and his Allies at the Battle of Austerlitz. The Bavarians set up the District Court of Brixen, a regional judicial and administive court for South Tyrol. The court only lasted 9 years before in 1814, the Congress of Vienna returned Brixen to the Austrians. Some time between 1851 and 1855, the Czech journalist and writer Karel Havlíček Borovský was exiled to Brixen by the Austrian government. In 1866, after the Austro-Prussian War, the Austrians were on the verge of collapse. So in 1867 the Austro-Hungarian Compromise was arranged, Austria was to became Cisleithania, a consitiuent of Austria-Hungary, of which Brixen was now a part of too. In 1915, the Treaty of London was concluded, its objective would be, in part, to entice Italy to join the Triple Entente. One section, Article 4, promised the Italians the Austrian terrority of South Tyrol, in order to create a new Italian-Austrian frontier. In 1919, after the victories of the allies, Brixen, according to the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, had officially fallen to Italy along with the rest of South Tyrol. Under Mussolini, Brixen and the surrounding villages experienced an enormous growth, as part of the fascist effort to consolidate territorial subdivisions in the country. In 1928 this included the addition of Milland, Sarns, and Albeins, as well as Elvas and Kranebitt which were annexed from Natz, a neighbouring municipality. During WW2, the Austrians attempted to reclaim South Tyrol but were unsuccessful. After the war, Austria deemed the post-war treaty to be unsatisfactory, raising The South Tyrolean Question (Die Südtirolfrage). The Austrians believed, along with the South Tyroleans, that the region should be automous to protect minorities. South Tyrol has 69.4% native German speaking population, and a 4.5% native Ladin speaking population, with the two languages making up a majority in 111 out of the 116 municipalities in South Tyrol. In 1972 South Tyrol, as a part of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, was granted autonomy. Coat-of-arms The