served in most of the wars of the 18th century without particular distinction, but was nevertheless made a marshal in 1775. He refused to emigrate during the Revolution, but escaped the guillotine by dying in August 1793, before the Terror reached its height. On the 4th Thermidor (July 22), the aged duchesse de Noailles was executed with her daughter-in-law, the duchesse d'Ayen, and her granddaughter, the vicomtesse de Noailles. His younger brother, Philippe (1715–1794), comte de Noailles, afterwards Duke of Mouchy, was a more distinguished soldier than his brother. Jean Paul François (1739–1824), the fifth duke, was in the army, but his tastes were scientific, and for his eminence as a chemist he was elected a member of the Academy of Sciences in 1777. He became Duke of Ayen in 1766 on his grandfather's death, and Duke of Noailles on his father's in 1793. Having emigrated in 1792, he lived in Switzerland until the Restoration in 1814, when he took his seat as a peer of France. He had no son, and was succeeded as Duke of Noailles by his grand-nephew, Paul (1802–1885), who won some reputation as an author and who became a member of the French Academy in the place of Chateaubriand in 1849. The grandfather of Paul de Noailles, and brother of the fifth duke, Emmanuel Marie Louis (1743–1822), marquis de Noailles, was ambassador at Amsterdam from 1770–1776, at London from 1776–1783, and at Vienna from 1783–1792. Dukes of Noailles (1663) Other notable family members Antoine, 1st comte de Noailles (1504–1562), admiral of France Henri de Noailles (1554–1623) Louis-Antoine, Cardinal de Noailles (1651–1720), archbishop of Paris Philippe de Noailles, duc de Mouchy (1715–1794), Marshal of France, younger brother of Louis, 4th duc de Noailles and father of Louis-Marie, vicomte de Noailles and Philippe-Louis-Marc-Antoine de Noailles, 1st Duke of Mouchy Emmanuel-Marie-Louis, marquis de Noailles (1743–1822) Philippe-Louis-Marc-Antoine de Noailles, 1st duc de Mouchy (1752–1819) Louis-Marie, vicomte de Noailles (1756–1804), soldier and politician Marie Adrienne Françoise de Noailles (1759–1807), wife of Gilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette Emmanuel-Henri-Victurnien, marquis de Noailles (1830–1909), diplomat Anna de Noailles (1876–1933), writer, poet, and figure in Parisian high society. Wife of a son of the 7th Duke of Noailles. Charles de Noailles (1891–1981), son of the 10th Prince of Poix, and his wife Marie-Laure de Noailles (born Marie-Laure Henriette Anne Bischoffsheim; 1902–1970), patrons of the arts. See also Dukes of Mouchy (the cadet branch)