Bruno Jasieński , born Wiktor Bruno Zysman (17 July 1901 – 17 September 1938), was a Polish poet, novelist, playwright, Catastrophist, and leader of the Polish Futurist movement in the interwar period. Jasieński was also a communist activist in Poland, France and the Soviet Union, where he was executed during the Great Purge. He is acclaimed by members of the various modernist art groups as their patron. An annual literary festival Brunonalia is held in Klimontów, Poland, his birthplace, where one of the streets is also named after him. Early life Wiktor Bruno Zysman was born at Klimontów, Congress Poland, to the family of Jakub Zysman, who was of Jewish origin. Wiktor's mother, Eufemia Maria (née Modzelewska), came from a Catholic Polish szlachta (nobility) family. Jakub Zysman was a prominent local doctor and social worker, active in Klimontów intelligentsia. Zysman converted to Lutheranism to be able to marry Eufemia Maria. They had three children: Wiktor Bruno, Jerzy, and Irena. Jasieński attended a gymnasium secondary school in Warsaw. In 1914, as World War I raged on, his family relocated to Russia proper, where in 1918 he graduated from a secondary school in Moscow. There, his fascination with Igor Severyanin's Ego-Futurism started, followed by readings of Velimir Chlebnikov, Vladimir Mayakovsky and Alexiey Kruchonykh's so-called Visual poems. Literary career and political activism In Poland In 1918 Jasieński arrived in Kraków, where he attended courses in Polish literature, law and philosophy at the Jagiellonian University and became active in the avant-garde circles. In 1919, he became one of the founders of a club of Futurists named Katarynka (Barrel Organ), to suggest identification with the common people and anti-elitism of its members. His pursuits included literary productions and social activities in Kraków, Warsaw, and elsewhere in Poland. Among his collaborators were Stanisław Młodożeniec, Tytus Czyżewski, Anatol Stern and Aleksander Wat. In 1921 Jasieński published one of his first Futurist works, Nuż w bżuhu ('Knife in the Stomach', with intentional misspellings in the title) and, together with Młodożeniec, became known as one of the founders of the Polish Futurist movement. The same year he published a number of other works, including manifestos, leaflets, posters and various kinds of new art, formerly unknown in Poland. A volume of his poems entitled But w butonierce ('A Boot in the Boutonniere') was published in Warsaw. He gained much fame as an enfant terrible of Polish literature and was well-received