during the Malolos Republic, later known as the First Philippine Republic. Prior to this Aguinaldo had held the presidency of several revolutionary governments which are not counted in the succession of Philippine republics. Manuel L. Quezon delegated his presidential duties to José Abad Santos, the then Chief Justice, when the former fled the Philippines amidst Japanese occupation of the islands to establish a government-in-exile. He is believed to have in effect become the acting president of the Philippine Commonwealth though no legal document has been retrieved detailing the official transfer of the title of President to Abad Santos. List Timeline Notes Subnotes Other notes References Works cited External links Presidential Website Office of the President of the Philippines Presidential Museum and Library Philippines at worldstatesmen.org+ Lists of national presidents Presidents Unofficial Presidents of the Philippines