Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (applications for interception warrants) This bill received Royal Assent on 31 January 2017 and was subsequently passed into law Use of force Under a mix of legislation and common law, a PCSO can use reasonable force to arrest or detain a suspected offender. PCSOs in theory can all use handcuffs to detain using their own detention powers or arrest using 'any person' powers when on duty. At present only three forces permit this and issue handcuffs. The use of reasonable force is provided by s3 Criminal Law Act 1967, the Common Law and the Human Rights Act 1998. Reasonable force is further provided to PCSOs under Section 38(8) Police Reform Act 2002 when using a power which - in the same circumstances - would also be a power available to a Constable. Relevant offences The following are criminal offences in relation to PCSOs under the Police Reform Act 2002 for which a PCSO can detain, or a police constable can arrest for: Assaulting a PCSO during the course of his/her duty Assaulting an individual assisting a PCSO during the course of his/her duty Wilfully obstructing or resisting a PCSO during the course of his/her duty Failing to provide personal details upon request to a PCSO 'Makes Off' Failing to provide correct personal details upon request to a PCSO 'Makes Off' Having provided false personal details upon request to a PCSO Acting in an anti-social manner - failure to give name/address to PCSO Acting in an anti-social manner - 'makes off' whilst detained Acting in an anti-social manner - 'makes off' whilst detained & fails to provide name/address to a PCSO Acting in an anti-social manner - 'makes off' whilst accompanying PCSO to a police station Contravening a PCSO's requirement to hand over alcohol Contravening a PCSO's requirement to surrender tobacco Failure to stop a vehicle as directed by a PCSO Impersonating a PCSO The common assault (indictable) of an emergency worker (PCSO) under Section 1 Assaults on Emergency Workers (Offences) Act 2018. It is also an offence for a PCSO to imply that they have a power that they are not designated by their chief constable or commissioner. This list is not exhaustive. This list comes from definitions provided under paragraph 2(3) of Schedule 5 of the Police Reform Act 2002. Organisation Rank structure PCSOs do not normally have a rank system; however, South Yorkshire and