causing the mandatory gender test based on the Y chromosome to be abandoned. In case of doubt, an athlete with a hyperandrogenic syndrome can still be tested, by a multidisciplinary medical team, during a large tournament like the Olympic Games. The IAAF and the IOC test testosterone levels since May 2011. An athlete with hyperandrogenism not having CAIS will not be allowed to compete without suitable medical treatment. Dohle concludes that Dillema was an intersex individual who had ovotesticular DSD. She had an operation on her glands in 1952. During the operation, testes or ovotestes were removed. The SRY-gene on the Y is the testis determining factor, so Dillema may have had infertile testes or ovotestes palpable in her groin. These ovotestes produce more testosterone than ovaries. Higher testosterone levels were considered unfair towards the competition, despite being an entirely natural feature of Dillema's physiology. See also Gender verification in sports References Bibliography Katrina Karkazis, Rebecca Jordan-Young, Georgiann Davis and Silvia Caporesi. Out of Bounds? A Critique of the New Policies on Hyperandrogenism in Elite Female Athletes. The American Journal of Bioethics, 12(7): 3–16, 2012 Dohle, M. (2008) Het verwoeste leven van Foekje Dillema: de grootste tragedie uit de Nederlandse sportgeschiedenis, Arbeiderspers, Andere Tijden Sport – Het mysterie Foekje Dillema. NOS Dutch broadcast 2008 External links Het kneuterige Nederland van Ben van Meerendonk English information Foekje Dillema tribute 1926 births 2007 deaths Dutch female sprinters Sex verification in sports Sportspeople from Friesland People from Kollumerland Intersex sportspeople Intersex women Dutch LGBT sportspeople LGBT track and field athletes Sportspeople banned for life Sports controversies Sports scandals in the Netherlands 20th-century LGBT people