are: Monopolization by central authority of the means of administration and control based on a centralized and stable system of taxation and use of physical force Monopolization of legislative Organisation of an officialdom, dependent upon the central authority Weber argued that some of those attributes have existed in various time or places, but together they existed only in Occidental civilization. The conditions that favoured this were Emergence of rational-legal rationality (various status groups in the Occident promoted that emergence) Emergence of modern officialdom (bureaucracy), which required Development of the money economy, where officials are compensated in money instead of kind (usually land grants) Quantitative and qualitative expansion of administrative tasks Centralization and increased efficiency of administration. Weber's belief that rational-legal authority did not exist in Imperial China has been heavily criticized, and does not have many supporters in the early 21st century. Modern state According to Max Weber, a modern state exists where a political community has: An administrative and legal order that has been created and can be changed by legislation that also determines its role Binding authority over citizens and actions in its jurisdiction The right to legitimately use the physical force in its jurisdiction An important attribute of Weber's definition of a modern state was that it is a bureaucracy. The vast majority of the modern states from the 20th century onward fall under the rational-legal authority category. Rational-legal leaders The majority of modern bureaucratic officials and political leaders represent this type of authority. Officials: Are personally free. Serve a higher authority. Are appointed on the basis of conduct and their technical qualifications. Are responsible for the impartial execution of assigned tasks. Their work is a full-time occupation. Their work is methodical and rational Their work is rewarded by a salary and prospects of career advancement. Politicians: Are solely responsible for independent action. Must recognize that public actions that conflict with their basic policy must be rejected. Should have charismatic appeal to win elections under conditions of universal suffrage. Weber provided ten necessities addressing: "how individual officials are appointed and work". The administrative staff are under the supreme authority for legal authority in a bureaucratic administrative style. They are personally free and subject to authority only with respect to their impersonal official obligation. They are organized in a clearly defined hierarchy of offices. Each office has a clearly defined sphere of competence in the legal sense. The