of the Adultress addition to John (John 7:53-8:11) (Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers) 423–457 Theodoret, bishop of Cyrrhus, noted Tatian's Diatesseron in heavy use, wrote a Church History 431 Council of Ephesus, 3rd ecumenical: repudiated Nestorianism, decreed Mary the Mother of God, forbade any changes to Nicene Creed of 381, rejected by the Persian Church, leading to the Nestorian Schism 432 St Patrick begins his mission in Ireland. Almost the entire nation is Christian by the time of his death in a conversion that is both incredibly successful and largely bloodless 440–461 Pope Leo the Great: sometimes considered the first pope (of influence) by non-Catholics, stopped Attila the Hun at Rome, issued Tome in support of Hypostatic Union, approved Council of Chalcedon but rejected canons in 453 449 Second Council of Ephesus, Monophysite: Jesus was divine but not human 450? Codex Alexandrinus (A): Alexandrian text-type; Codex Bezae (D): Greek/Latin Gospels + Acts; Codex Washingtonianus (W): Greek Gospels; both of Western text-type 450? std. Aramaic Targums, Old Testament in Aramaic 450? Socrates Scholasticus Church History of 305-438; Sozomen Church History of 323-425 451 Council of Chalcedon, 4th ecumenical, declared Jesus is a Hypostatic Union: both human and divine in one (Chalcedonian Creed), rejected by Oriental Orthodoxy 455 Sack of Rome by the Vandals. The spoils of the Temple of Jerusalem previously taken by Titus are allegedly among the treasures taken to Carthage 456? Eutyches of Constantinople, Monophysite 465? Prosper of Aquitaine 476, September 4: Emperor Romulus Augustus is deposed in Rome, marked by many as the fall of the Western Roman Empire 484–519 Acacian schism, over Henoticon, divides Eastern (Greek) and Western (Latin) churches 491 Armenian Orthodox split from East (Greek) and West (Latin) churches 495, May 13 Vicar of Christ decreed a title of Bishop of Rome by Pope Gelasius I 496 Clovis I, King of the Franks, baptized 498–499, 501–506 Antipope Laurentius, rival of Pope Symmachus, Laurentian schism 500? Incense introduced in Christian church service, first plans of Vatican 524 Boethius, Roman Christian philosopher, wrote "Theological Tractates", Consolation of Philosophy; (Loeb Classics) (Latin) 525 Dionysius Exiguus defines Christian calendar (AD) 527 Fabius Planciades Fulgentius 529 Benedict of Nursia establishes his first monastery in the Abbey of Monte Cassino, Italy, where he writes the Rule of St Benedict 530 Antipope Dioscorus, possibly a legitimate Pope 535–536 Unusual climate changes recorded 537–555 Pope Vigilius, involved in death of Pope Silverius, conspired with