controlled transaxle. When combined with the AC induction motor which powered the front wheels, all three power units delivered a total output of , accelerating the car to in 7 seconds. A single tank of diesel fuel could keep the car running for with a fuel economy of . A similar technology is used in the 2005 Opel Astra Diesel Hybrid concept. EV1 fuel cell This variant extended all-electric propulsion capabilities with a methanol-powered fuel cell system (developed by Daimler-Benz/Ballard for the Mercedes-Benz NECAR), again installed in the trunk. The system consisted of a fuel processor, an expander/compressor and the fuel cell stack. The highway range was about , with a fuel economy of (in a gasoline equivalent). The car accelerated to in 9 seconds. Follow-on electric car Within the framework of GM's vehicle electrification strategy, and following the US market introduction of the Chevrolet Volt plug-in hybrid vehicle in late 2010, the Chevrolet Spark EV was released in June 2013 as the first all-electric passenger car marketed by General Motors in the U.S. since the EV1 was discontinued in 1999. The Spark EV was discontinued in December 2016, when Chevrolet began selling the Bolt. Who Killed the Electric Car? The demise of the EV1 is the subject of a 2006 documentary film entitled Who Killed the Electric Car?. Much of the film accounts for GM's efforts to demonstrate to California that there was no demand for their product and then to reclaim and dispose of every EV1 manufactured. A few vehicles were disabled and given to museums and universities, but almost all were found to have been crushed, or shredded using a special machine, as seen in the documentary. GM responded to the film's claims, laying out several reasons why the EV1 was not commercially viable at the time and that the company had issues finding parts for the car. In popular culture In The Simpsons episode "Beyond Blunderdome" Homer Simpson test drives the Elec-Taurus which is similar in design and concept to the EV1. The Elec-Taurus later re-appears in the video games The Simpsons: Road Rage and The Simpsons: Hit & Run. See also Chevrolet Spark EV, the first all-electric car sold by GM, produced June 2013 – December 2016 Chevrolet Bolt EV, an all-electric car that started production in 2017 Chevrolet Volt, a plug in hybrid introduced in December 2010 Chevrolet S-10 EV, a GM electric pickup