This is heightened through atmospheric perspective where Sesshū ambiguously manipulates the line quality and texture for recession. Overall, Four Landscape Scrolls of the Seasons demonstrates Chinese influences on Sesshū's work and his use of space and composition to represent the soul of nature in the landscapes. Birds and Flowers (c. 1420–1506) The influences of Sesshū's studies in China are reflected in two famous hanging scrolls of seasonal landscape paintings of birds and flowers, painted in ink and colour on silk, in the Perry Collection. Sesshū paints assertive rock contours and textures using a wet brush with splitting hairs. This brings a scratchy, rough texture to give the rocks a sense of solidity and tangibility. Such technique can be seen in the Four Landscape Scrolls of the Seasons Autumn and Winter landscapes. As a recurring motif in Sesshū's landscapes, the rock is trapezoidal with two indentations on top. Like in Winter Landscape, Sesshū uses a zigzag, or lighting shape to contribute to the composition's structure. Within this composition, Sesshū flattens space using spatial ambiguities and variations in scale. Sesshū's contrast in scale creates an illusion similar to the Zen notion of zero time and space, where there are no distinctions between past, present or future. Compositionally, there is no distinction between the whole image and the subjects that make it. Sesshū purposefully controls tonal intensities to suggest atmospheric perspective through subtle ink gradations for the mist to evoke poetic autumnal feelings. Legacy Sesshū's emphasis on Zen Buddhism, personal interpretation and economical expression in painting was the basis of his legacy for succeeding Japanese artists. Subsequently, his rendering techniques were widely used by sixteenth-century artists, notably those who attended Sesshū's painting schools. List of selected works Landscapes Four Landscape Scrolls of the Seasons () Winter Landscapes from Landscapes of the Four Seasons (); Tokyo National Museum) Short Scroll of Landscapes (; Kyoto National Museum) (; Mori Collection, Yamaguchi, Japan) , "splashed-ink" technique scroll (1495; Tokyo National Museum) View of Ama-no-Hashidate (; Kyoto National Museum) Landscape by Sesshū Other Portrait of Masuda Kanetaka (1479; Masuda Collection, Tokyo) Huike Offering His Arm to Bodhidharma (Daruma and Hui K'o) (1496; Sainen-ji, Aichi, Japan) Flowers and Birds, pair of sixfold screens (undated; Kosaka Collection, Tokyo) See also Tenshō Shūbun, similar Muromachi era painter Suibokuga, painting style adopted by Sesshū Buddhism in Japan Taoism List of Rinzai Buddhists References 1420 births 1506 deaths People from Okayama Prefecture