law enforcement in "crowd control tactics" and less lethal weapons. Public relations, "information warfare", newspeak/spin: "terrorists/violent protesters coming" vs "well trained officers" "event meaningful target for terrorism" "police will protect the right to protest" "anarchists and criminal elements", dramatic Seattle WTO or London imagery display of confiscated "weapons" prove malintent "unpermitted protests can continue" due to police good will independent media targeted, cameras, video confiscated Pro-event/anti-demonstrator promotional tools developed/used in community. Reluctant officials, civic groups pressured to comply with plan by Secret Service/DHS. Locations strategically valuable to protesters reserved by law enforcement. Plans to secure public buildings and strategic private businesses complete. Anti-protest ordinances and other legal hurdles to prevent lawful assembly begin. State of Emergency declared or Executive Order signed to allow military policing. Surveillance and disruption of protest organizers begins. Attempts to divide protest groups and organizers begins in media and meetings. Court system tied up: regular business delayed during protest; assist mass arrests. Mass detention facilities identified and prepped for use. Civic groups and clubs employed to support law enforcement activities. March and event permits denied or delayed; delay tactics. Police/military collaborate with media, i.e. embedded reporters, etc. Street level surveillance increases on organizers and demonstrators. Public training drills and mass show of force. Sporadic harassment, detention and arrest of demonstrators traveling in area. Disruption of organizing/assembly/housing/media spaces. Possible preemptive arrest. Command Center operational; large undercover teams begin reporting Militarized "hard zone" and limited access "soft zone" created with fences, barricades. Area wide surveillance video, including 3-D video systems operational. Field forces (riot police, bike police, checkpoints, etc.) put into place. Day of protest: assembly blocked, obstructed, redirected. Use of less-lethal weapons - projectiles, chemical weapons, electric weapons, sound devices etc. Streets cleared using force; protesters pursued; more mass arrest. Jail solidarity events allowed to protest for few hours, then cleared. Miami protests Miami Activist Defense and National Lawyers Guild filed a federal lawsuit against the City, the Mayor, Police Chief Timoney, Homeland Defense Secretary Ridge, and Attorney General Ashcroft for rampant abuse of the constitution. The American Civil Liberties Union of Florida filed numerous lawsuits claiming excessive use of force and illegal searches. The City and County of Miami have paid close to $500,000 in settlements in the cases. In 2007, the AFL–CIO filed an additional lawsuit claiming that their 1st and 4th Amendment rights had been violated. The Florida Fair Trade Coalition (FFTC) was initial