Apart from France, established Jewish populations exist in the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy and Switzerland. With the original medieval populations wiped out by the Black Death and the pogroms that followed it, the current Dutch and Belgian communities originate in the Jewish expulsion from Spain and Portugal, while a Swiss community was only established after emancipation in 1874. However, the vast majority of the population in the Netherlands and a large proportion of the one in Belgium were murdered in the Holocaust, and much of the modern Jewish population of these countries (as well as of Switzerland) derives from post-Holocaust arrivals from other parts of Europe. Here is a list of some prominent Jews in western Europe, arranged by country of origin. Austria Belgium Natanel Yatziv, number one athlete in Belgium (Belgian born) Charles Trau (born 2 August 2002) Chantal Akerman (6 June 1950 – 5 October 2015), director-screenwriter Zora Arkus-Duntov, father of the Chevrolet Corvette (Belgian-born) Gérard Blitz, Olympic water polo medallist, co-founder of Club Med Gérard Blitz, Olympic swimming and water polo medalist Maurice Blitz, Olympic water polo medalist Henri Cohen, Olympic water polo medallist François Englert, Nobel Prize laureate in theoretical physics Leopold Flam, philosopher Louis Frank, politician Diane von Fürstenberg, fashion designer Jean Gol, politician Nico Gunzburg, professor Asriel Günzig, rabbi Camille Gutt, finance minister; head of the International Monetary Fund Paul Hymans, liberal leader; president of the League of Nations René Kalisky, writer Julien Klener, linguist George Koltanowski, chess player Claude Lévi-Strauss, anthropologist (Belgian-born; atheist of Jewish descent) Alfred Loewenstein, financier (Jewish mother) Ernest Mandel, marxist theorist Bob Mendes, writer (Jewish father) Ralph Miliband, political scientist Jacques Ochs, Olympic fencing medalist Chaïm Perelman, philosopher (Polish-born) Ilya Prigogine, chemist (Russian-born), Nobel Prize (1977) Gaston Salmon, Olympic fencing medalist Henry Spira, animal rights activist Elias M. Stein, mathematician (Belgian-born) Marc Schlomo Jizchak Stern, Orthodox rabbi, cantor (de) Gilbert Stork, chemist Olivier Strelli, fashion designer Samy Szlingerbaum, film director, writer, and actor Guy Lee Thys, film director (Jewish mother) Raymond van het Groenewoud, singer-songwriter (Jewish mother) Sandra Wasserman, tennis player France Ireland Italy Political figures Alessandro d'Ancona (1835–1914), Senator and mayor of Pisa (1906–1907) Graziadio Isaia Ascoli (1829–1907), linguist and Senator (1886–1890) Luca Barbareschi (born in 1956), actor, director and former member of the Chamber of Deputies (2008–2013) Emanuele Fiano (born 1963), member of the Chamber of Deputies since 2006 Giovanni Cantoni (1818–1897), physicist, member of the Chamber of