insofar as people are not self-governing. Proponent of Democracy, and of the idea that a democratic people must have a democratic ethics. Some literature: Self-Reliance Circles Politics The Nominalist and the RealistAlexis de Tocqueville Alexis de Tocqueville (France, 1805–1859) Some literature: De La Démocratie en Amérique, 1831–1840 (Democracy in America, ) L'Ancien Régime et la Révolution, 1856 William Lloyd Garrison William Lloyd Garrison (United States, 1805–1879) Some literature: Articles advocating abolition of slavery in the newspaper The Liberator, 1831–1866 Friedrich Schiller Friedrich Schiller (Germany, 1759–1805) Mill and further John Stuart Mill John Stuart Mill (United Kingdom, 1806–1873) is one of the first champions of modern "liberalism." As such, his work on political economy and logic helped lay the foundation for advancements in empirical science and public policy based on verifiable improvements. Strongly influenced by Bentham's utilitarianism, he disagrees with Kant's intuitive notion of right and formulates the "highest normative principle" of morals as:Actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness; wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness.Some consider Mill as the founder of Social liberalism. Although Mill was mainly for free markets, he accepted interventions in the economy, such as a tax on alcohol, if there were sufficient utilitarian grounds. Mill was also a champion of women's rights. Some literature: Considerations On Representative Government, 1862 On Liberty, 1868 Socialism, 1879 Juan Bautista Alberdi Juan Bautista Alberdi (Argentina, 1810–1884) Some literature: Bases y puntos de partida para la organización política de la República Argentina (Bases and Points of Departure for the Political Organization of the Argentine Republic), 1852 Sistema económico y rentistico de la Confederación Argentina, según su Constitución de 1853 (Economic and rentistic system of the Argentine Confederation, according to its 1853 Constitution), 1854 Henry David Thoreau Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862) Some literature: Civil Disobedience WaldenJacob Burckhardt Jacob Burckhardt (Switzerland, 1818–1897) State as derived from cultural and economic life Some literature: The Civilization of the Renaissance in ItalyHerbert Spencer Herbert Spencer (United Kingdom, 1820–1903), philosopher, psychologist, and sociologist, advanced what he called the "Law of equal liberty" and argued against liberal theory promoting more activist government, which he dubbed "a new form of Toryism." He supported a state limited in its duties to the defense of persons and their property. For Spencer, voluntary cooperation was the hallmark of the most vibrant form of society, accommodating the widest diversity of members and the greatest diversity