of synthesis have also been reported (list not exhaustive): Alkylation of 1-(2-pyrimidyl)piperazine [20980-22-7] (1) with 3-chloro-1-cyanopropane (4-chlorobutyronitrile) [628-20-6] (2) gives [33386-14-0] (3). the reduction of the nitrile group is performed either by catalytic hydrogenation or with LAH giving [33386-20-8] (4). The primary amine is then reacted with 3,3-tetramethyleneglutaric anhydride [5662-95-3] (5) in order to yield (6). History Buspirone was first synthesized by a team at Mead Johnson in 1968 but was not patented until 1980. It was initially developed as an antipsychotic acting on the D2 receptor but was found to be ineffective in the treatment of psychosis; it was then used as an anxiolytic instead. In 1986, Bristol-Myers Squibb gained FDA approval for buspirone in the treatment of GAD. The patent expired in 2001, and buspirone is now available as a generic drug. Society and culture Generic names Buspirone is the , , , and of buspirone, while buspirone hydrochloride is its , , and . Brand name Buspirone was primarily sold under the brand name Buspar. Buspar is currently listed as discontinued by the US Federal Drug Administration. In 2010, in response to a citizen petition, the US FDA determined that Buspar was not withdrawn from sale for reasons of safety or effectiveness. 2019 shortage Due to interrupted production at a Mylan Pharmaceuticals plant in Morgantown, West Virginia, the United States experienced a shortage of buspirone in 2019. Research Some tentative research supports other uses such as the treatment of depression and behavioral problems following brain damage. References External links 5-HT1A agonists Alpha-2 blockers Antidepressants Anxiolytics Azapirones Cyclopentanes D2 antagonists D3 antagonists D4 antagonists Glutarimides Aminopyrimidines Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate 1968 in science