John Tyler Morgan (June 20, 1824 – June 11, 1907) was an American politician was served as a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War and later was elected for six terms as the U.S. Senator (1877–1907) from the state of Alabama. A prominent slave holder before the Civil War, he purportedly became the second Grand Dragon of the Ku Klux Klan in Alabama during the Reconstruction era. Morgan and fellow Klan member Edmund W. Pettus became the ringleaders of white supremacy in Alabama and did more than anyone else in the state to overthrow Reconstruction efforts in the wake of the Civil War. When President Ulysses S. Grant dispatched U.S. Attorney General Amos Akerman to prosecute the Klan under the Enforcement Acts, Morgan was arrested and jailed. Due to his widespread notoriety in Alabama for opposing Reconstruction efforts, Morgan was elected in a landslide as a U.S. Senator in 1876. During his subsequent six terms as Senator, he was an outspoken proponent of states rights, black disfranchisement, racial segregation, and lynching African-Americans. According to historians, he played a leading role "in forging the ideology of white supremacy that dominated American race relations from the 1890s to the 1960s." Widely considered to be among the most prominent racist ideologues of his time, he is often credited by scholars with laying the foundation of the Jim Crow era. In addition to his lifelong efforts to uphold white supremacy, Morgan became an ardent expansionist and imperialist during the Gilded Age. He envisioned the United States as a globe-spanning empire and believed that island nations such as Hawaii and the Philippines should be forcibly annexed in order for the country to dominate trade in the Pacific Ocean. Accordingly, he advocated for the United States to annex the independent Republic of Hawaii and to construct an inter-oceanic canal in Central America. Due to this advocacy, he was often posthumously referred to as "the Father of the Panama Canal". After his death in 1907, Morgan's relatives and descendants remained prominent in Alabama politics and high society for many decades. His extended family owned the First White House of the Confederacy in Montgomery. His nephew, Anthony Dickinson Sayre, served as a Justice of the Supreme Court of Alabama, and Morgan's grand-niece was Jazz Age socialite Zelda Sayre, the wife of novelist F. Scott Fitzgerald who wrote The Great Gatsby. Early life