leather jackets (including Perfecto motorcycle jackets). Female greaser dress included leather jackets and risque clothing, such as tight and cropped capris and pedal pushers (broadly popular during the time period). Music tastes In the early 1950s, there was significant greaser interest in doo-wop, a genre of African-American music from the industrial cities of the Northeast that had disseminated to mainstream American music through Italian American performers. Greasers were heavily associated with the culture surrounding rock n' roll, a musical genre that had induced feelings of a moral panic among older middle-class generations during the mid-to-late 1950s, to whom greasers epitomized the connection between rock music and juvenile delinquency professed by several important social and cultural observers of the time. Portrayal in media and popular culture The first cinematic representation of the greaser subculture was the 1953 film The Wild One. The music group Sha-Na-Na, formed in the late 1960s, models their onstage presence on New York City greasers (the band members themselves were mostly Ivy Leaguers). The 1967 critically-acclaimed young adult novel The Outsiders by S. E. Hinton told the story of a gang of greasers, and was controversial upon release due to its depiction of gang violence. The film adaptation of The Outsiders was released in 1983 and directed by Francis Ford Coppola. The 1971 American musical and subsequent 1978 film Grease centers around greasers. Character "Fonzie" from the American TV show Happy Days is a stereotypical greaser who was frequently seen on his motorcycle, wore a leather jacket, and typified the essence of cool, in contrast to his circle of friends. Characters Leonard "Lenny" Kosnowski and Andrew "Squiggy" Squiggman from the American sitcom Laverne & Shirley, a spin-off of Happy Days. The 1990 John Waters film Cry-Baby is a camp reminiscence of Baltimore greasers during the 1950s. The 2006 video game Bully featured a social hierarchy that included a greaser clique. See also Rockers, similar subculture in the United Kingdom Teddy Boy, a contemporary subculture in the United Kingdom Nozem, a similar subculture in the Netherlands Raggare, a similar subculture in Sweden Bodgies and widgies, a similar subculture in Australia and New Zealand Bōsōzoku, a similar subculture in Japan Halbstarke, a similar subculture in Germany, Austria and Switzerland Nerd, stereotypical term which formed a subculture Jock, stereotypical term used for male athletes, often anti-intellectual Preppy, another mostly youth subculture Notes Citations References Motorcycling subculture in the United States