32-bit systems, however, ASLR provides little benefit since there are only 16 bits available for randomization, and they can be defeated by brute force in a matter of minutes. See also Buffer overflow Stack buffer overflow Stack-smashing protection No eXecute (NX) bit Address space layout randomization Return-oriented programming Gadget (machine instruction sequence) Unintended instructions References External links Bypassing non-executable-stack during exploitation using return-to-libc by c0ntex at css.csail.mit.edu Computer security exploits C standard library