to the south, across the Tungabhadra River, but fought the other Deccan sultanates as well. However, four of the five sultanates combined forces to decisively defeat Vijayanagar at the Battle of Talikota in 1565, after which the empire broke up, Bijapur seizing control of the Raichur Doab. In 1619, the Adil Shahis conquered the neighbouring sultanate of Bidar, which was incorporated into their realm. Later in the 17th century, the Marathas revolted successfully under Shivaji's leadership, captured major parts of the sultanate, and its capital, Bijapur. The weakened sultanate was conquered by Aurangzeb in 1686 with the fall of Bijapur, bringing the dynasty to an end. Rulers Yusuf Adil Shah (1490–1510) Ismail Adil Shah (1510–1534) Mallu Adil Shah (1534–1535) Ibrahim Adil Shah I (1535–1558) Ali Adil Shah I (1558–1580) Ibrahim Adil Shah II (1580–1627) Mohammed Adil Shah (1627–1656) Ali Adil Shah II (1656–1672) Sikandar Adil Shah (1672–1686) Golconda Sultanate The dynasty's founder, Sultan Quli Qutb-ul-Mulk, migrated to Delhi from Persia with some of his relatives and friends in the beginning of the 16th century. Later he migrated south to the Deccan and served the Bahmani Sultan Mohammed Shah I. Quli Qutb-ul-Mulk conquered Golconda and became the governor of the Telangana region in 1518, after the disintegration of the Bahmani sultanate. Soon after, he declared his independence and took the title of Qutb Shah. The dynasty ruled for 171 years, until the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb's army besieged and conquered Golconda in 1687. Rulers Sultan Quli Qutb-ul-Mulk (1518–1543) Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah (1543–1550) Subhan Quli Qutb Shah (1550) Ibrahim Quli Qutub Shah (1550–1580) Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah (1580–1611) Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah (1611–1626) Abdullah Qutb Shah (1626–1672) Abul Hasan Qutb Shah (1672–1687) Decline The dynasty ruled for 171 years, until the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb's army besieged and conquered Golconda in the siege of Golconda in 1687. Cultural contributions The rulers of the Deccan sultanates made a number of cultural contributions in the fields of literature, art, architecture, and music. An important contribution was the development of the Dakhani language, which, having started development under the Bahamani rulers, developed into an independent spoken and literary language during this period by continuously borrowing from Arabic-Persian, Marathi, Kannada, and Telugu. Dakhani later became known as Dakhani Urdu to distinguish it from North Indian Urdu. Deccani miniature painting—which flourished in the courts of Ahmadnagar, Bijapur, and Golconda—is another major cultural contribution of the Deccan sultanates. Architectural