essential elements of the film. For example, his poster for The Man with the Golden Arm, with a jagged arm and off-kilter typography, starkly communicates the protagonist's struggle with heroin addiction. Bass's iconic Vertigo (1958) poster, with its stylized figures sucked down into the nucleus of a spiral vortex, captures the anxiety and disorientation central to the film. His poster for Anatomy of a Murder (1959), featuring the silhouette of a corpse jarringly dissected into seven pieces, makes both a pun on the film's title and captures the moral ambiguities within which this court room drama is immersed. He created some of his best known posters for films directed by Otto Preminger, Alfred Hitchcock, Billy Wilder, and Stanley Kubrick among others. His last commissioned film poster was created for Steven Spielberg's Schindler's List (1993), but it was never distributed. His poster work spanned five decades and inspired numerous other poster and graphic designers. Bass's film posters are characterized by a distinctive typography and minimalistic style. Selected posters by Saul Bass, and their respective dates: 1950s Carmen Jones (1954) The Man with the Golden Arm (1955) Edge of the City (1956) Storm Center (1956) Love in the Afternoon (1957) Saint Joan (1957) Bonjour tristesse (1958) The Big Country (1958) (style b poster) Vertigo (1958) Anatomy of a Murder (1959) 1960s Exodus (1960) The Magnificent Seven (1960) (design not used) One, Two, Three (1961) Advise & Consent (1962) Birdman of Alcatraz (1962) It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World (1963) The Cardinal (1963) In Harm's Way (1965) Bunny Lake Is Missing (1965) The Firemen's Ball (1967) The Two of Us (1967) Why Man Creates (1968) Very Happy Alexander (1969) 1970s Such Good Friends (1971) Rosebud (1975) Brothers (1977) Notes on the Popular Arts (1977) Bass on Titles (1978) The Human Factor (1979) The Solar Film (1979) The Double McGuffin (1979) 1980s and 1990s The Shining (1980) Return from the River Kwai (1989) (not distributed) Schindler's List (1993) (rejected poster) He received an unintentionally backhanded tribute in 1995, when Spike Lee's film Clockers was promoted by a poster that was strikingly similar to Bass's 1959 work for Preminger's film Anatomy of a Murder. Designer Art Sims claimed that it was made as an homage, but Bass regarded it as theft. Many film posters have been considered to be homages to Saul Bass's posters. Some recent examples include the theatrical release poster for Burn