if disturbed. , utility locators depend primarily on three types of utility locating equipment to do their job, including GPR, electromagnetic profiling locators, and radio frequency pipe locators. These tools are produced by a number of manufacturers, and are widely available throughout the world. Some of the large manufacturers include Vivax-Metrotech, Leica, RIDGID, and Schonstedt. With advances in technology, these tools continue to improve, and locators in the field are able to be more accurate. Many utilities are now mapped out on GIS mapping services like ESRI, which improves both accuracy and process transparency. Some of the current locate wands are able to relay their information and sync up with GIS systems to expand and correct the information on the map, which helps to update the map very rapidly. Organizations In the US, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, many large locate companies handle millions of tickets every dig season, and need a way of managing these tickets and sending them through to a unified call center (for example, Underground Service Alert). The Common Ground Alliance (CGA) publishes the Damage Information Reporting Tool (DIRT report) every year, which gives a fuller picture of the effects of utility locating throughout North America. In recent years, DIRT has demonstrated a trend of greater excavation damage incidents over time. This report does not contain every single incident, as stakeholders voluntarily submit underground damages and near-miss reports, but it is the most complete repository of utility damages anywhere in the world. Utility Locators and other stakeholders depend on data like this to learn about risks and to justify continued investment in the industry. Industry leaders in damage prevention like the Common Ground Alliance and IR-Saving Lives are the biggest promoters of utility locating, and encourage other stakeholders to take utility locating seriously. The CGA also published a paper called 'Insights into Improving the Delivery of Accurate, On-Time Locates' which has expert information on how to improve the locating industry in the US and Canada (not to be confused with the Canadian Common Ground Alliance (CCGA), a companion organization to CGA in Canada). Other technologies and equipment are identified in Technology Reports by CGA and in a major study by the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration in 2017 entitled A Study on Improving Damage Prevention Technology. Telephone hotlines "Call before you dig", "Know What's Below! Dig With Confidence!", "Dial before you dig", "Digger's Hotline", "One-call",