machine construction. Ken Shirriff's blog Inside card sorters: 1920s data processing with punched cards and relays. External links Columbia University Computing History IBM Tabulators and Accounting Machines IBM Calculators IBM Card Interpreters IBM Reproducing and Summary Punches IBM Collators Columbia University Computing History: L.J. Comrie From that site Comrie was the first to turn punched-card equipment to scientific use History of Bull Extracted and translated from Science et Vie Micro magazine, No. 74, July–August, 1990: The very international history of a French giant Musée virtuel de Bull et de l'informatique Française: Information Technology Industry TimeLine From that site The present TimeLine page differs from similar pages available on the Internet because it is focused more on the industry than on "inventions". It was originally designed to show the place of the European and more specifically the French computer industry facing its world-wide competition. Most of published time-line charts either consider that everything had an American origin or they show their country patriotism (French, Italian, Russian or British) or their company patriotism. Musée virtuel de Bull et de l'informatique Française (Virtual Museum of French computers) Systems Catalog Early office museum IBM Archives IBM Punch Card Systems in the U.S. Army IBM early Card Reader and 1949 electronic Calculator video of unit record equipment in museum Working Tabulating machines and punched card equipment in technikum29 Computermuseum (nr. Frankfurt/Main, Germany) Punched card ja:タビュレーティングマシン