a pushover try, which may result in the award of a penalty try if the scrums are deliberately collapsed by the defending side. A team awarded a penalty at a lineout may choose a further lineout into which they throw in. One of the laws associated with penalties was experimented with in association football, that being that penalties may be moved 10 metres forward of their original position either due to talk-back from the players or offside from a quick tap penalty. This was dropped after variable application by referees, but remains a rugby rule. Penalties in rugby league Penalties operate in roughly the same manner as in union, but with some slight differences. Firstly, the implication is that a side either takes a tap kick or a shot at goal. They can kick for touch, but, if the ball makes it into touch, the side then takes a tap kick 10m infield (20m infield in the NRL as of 2007) from the point where the ball went into touch (except where it goes into touch inside the opposition's 10m line, in which case the tap is taken from the 10m line), as opposed to a scrum. They can also tap the ball from where the penalty was awarded. In both instances, the defending side must remain 10m from the ball until the tap kick is taken. The penalty may also be place-kicked towards goal. If successful, the kicking side scores two points. If the kick is unsuccessful and the ball is caught by the opposition before it leaves the field of play, play continues. If the ball goes into touch-in-goal or over the dead ball line, then play is restarted with a drop-out from the offenders' 20m line. Penalties may be awarded for: Offside Tackling an opponent above the shoulders Tackling an opponent who is not in possession of the ball Tackling a player in midair Late hits (such as hitting a ballcarrier already taken to ground) Obstructing an opponent from tackling the ball-carrier Failing to retreat 10m from an opposition play-the-ball If marker at the play-the-ball, failing to stand opposite it Not playing the ball correctly at a play-the-ball Kicking the ball into touch, touch-in-goal, or over the dead ball line on the full from the kick-off Crossing the goal line, not sending the ball ten metres, on sending it into touch on the full from a goal-line