1961 to 1968, GRAV (Groupe de Recherche d’Art Visuel) founded by François Morellet, Julio Le Parc, Francisco Sobrino, Horacio Garcia Rossi, Yvaral, Joël Stein and Vera Molnár was a collective group of opto-kinetic artists. According to its 1963 manifesto, GRAV appealed to the direct participation of the public with an influence on its behavior, notably through the use of interactive labyrinths. Contemporary work In November 2013, the MIT Museum opened 5000 Moving Parts, an exhibition of kinetic art, featuring the work of Arthur Ganson, Anne Lilly, Rafael Lozano-Hemmer, John Douglas Powers, and Takis. The exhibition inaugurates a "year of kinetic art" at the Museum, featuring special programming related to the artform. Neo-kinetic art has been popular in China where you can find interactive kinetic sculptures in many public places, including Wuhu International Sculpture Park and in Beijing. Changi Airport, Singapore has a curated collection of artworks including large-scale kinetic installations by international artists ART+COM and Christian Moeller. Selected works Selected kinetic sculptors Yaacov Agam Uli Aschenborn David Ascalon Fletcher Benton Mark Bischof Daniel Buren Alexander Calder Gregorio Vardanega Martha Boto U-Ram Choe Angela Conner Carlos Cruz-Diez Marcel Duchamp Lin Emery Rowland Emett Arthur Ganson Nemo Gould Gerhard von Graevenitz Bruce Gray Ralfonso Gschwend Rafael Lozano-Hemmer Chuck Hoberman Anthony Howe Irma Hünerfauth Tim Hunkin Theo Jansen Ned Kahn Roger Katan Starr Kempf Frederick Kiesler Viacheslav Koleichuk Gyula Kosice Gilles Larrain Julio Le Parc Liliane Lijn Len Lye Sal Maccarone Heinz Mack Phyllis Mark László Moholy-Nagy Alejandro Otero Robert Perless Otto Piene George Rickey Ken Rinaldo Barton Rubenstein Nicolas Schöffer Eusebio Sempere Jesús Rafael Soto Mark di Suvero Takis Jean Tinguely Wen-Ying Tsai Marc van den Broek Panayiotis Vassilakis Willem van Weeghel Lyman Whitaker Ludwig Wilding Selected kinetic op artists Nadir Afonso Getulio Alviani Marina Apollonio Carlos Cruz-Díez Ronald Mallory Youri Messen-Jaschin Vera Molnár Abraham Palatnik Bridget Riley Eusebio Sempere Grazia Varisco Victor Vasarely Jean-Pierre Yvaral Romano Rizzato See also Gas sculpture Lumino kinetic art Odonien Robotic art Sound art Sound installation References Further reading External links Kinetic Art Organization (KAO) – Largest International Kinetic Art Organisation (Kinetic Art film and book library, KAO Museum planned) Modern art Types of sculpture Motion (physics) Contemporary art Visual arts genres