William Graham Sumner William Graham Sumner (United States, 1840–1910) Some literature: Socialism, 1878 The Argument Against Protective Tariffs, 1881 Protective Taxes and Wages, 1883 The Absurd Effort to Make the World Over, 1883 State Interference, 1887 Protectionism: the -ism which teaches that waste makes wealth, 1887 The Forgotten Man, and Other Essays, 1917 Lester Frank Ward Lester Frank Ward (United States, 1841–1913) Lester Ward was a botanist, paleontologist, and sociologist. He served as the first president of the American Sociological Association. Ward was a fierce and unrelenting critic of the laissez-faire policies advocated by Herbert Spencer and William Graham Sumner. Some literature: (1883) Dynamic Sociology: Or Applied social science as based upon statical sociology and the less complex sciences. (1893) The Psychic Factors of Civilization, 1893. (1903) Pure Sociology. A Treatise on the Origin and Spontaneous Development of Society. (1906) Applied Sociology. A Treatise on the Conscious Improvement of Society by Society. Ward's major works can be found here: Lujo Brentano Ludwig Joseph Brentano (Germany, 1844–1931) Tomáš Masaryk Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk (Czechoslovakia, 1850–1937) Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk (Austria, 1851–1914) Some literature: Kapital und Kapitalzins (Capital and Interest), in three volumes, 1884, 1889 and 1909 Die Positive Theorie des Kapitals (The positive theory of capital and its critics), in three volumes, 1895 and 1896 Zum Abschluss des Marxschen Systems (Karl Marx and the Close of his system),1898 Louis Brandeis Louis Brandeis (1856–1941) Thorstein Veblen Thorstein Veblen (1857–1926) is best known as the author of Theory of the Leisure Class. Veblen was influential to a generation of American liberalism searching for a rational basis for the economy beyond corporate consolidation and "cut throat competition". Veblen's central argument was that individuals require sufficient non-economic time to become educated citizens. He caustically attacked pure material consumption for its own sake, and the idea that utility equalled conspicuous consumption. John Dewey John Dewey (United States, 1859–1952) Some literature: Liberalism and Social Action, 1935 Democracy and Education Friedrich Naumann Friedrich Naumann (Germany, 1860–1919) Santeri Alkio Santeri Alkio (Finland, 1862–1930) Max Weber Max Weber (Germany, 1864–1920) was a theorist of state power and the relationship of culture to economics. Argued that there was a moral component to capitalism rooted in "Protestant" values. Weber was along with Friedrich Naumann active in the National Social Union and later in the German Democratic Party. Some literature: Die protestantische Ethik und der 'Geist' des Kapitalismus, 1904 (The Protestant Ethic