rowspan="2" | |- ! | | rowspan="2" | ! !! | || || |- ! | | || ! !! | || | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | |- ! | || | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | ! !! | || |- ! | || | colspan="6" style="background-color: lightGrey;" | |} As can be seen in the above table, a number of phonological mergers have occurred in the different languages. Cognate sets supporting the above are listed below: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+ Cognate sets demonstrating initial consonant correspondences ! !! Tiwa !! Tewa !! Towa !! Kiowa !! meaning(s) |- ! *b | || || || | style="text-align: left;" | "to bring" |- ! *m | || || || | style="text-align: left;" | "hand" |- ! *d (+ V) | || || || – | style="text-align: left;" | "fowl" |- ! *d (+ Ṽ) | || || || | style="text-align: left;" | "sand" (in Taos), "ground" (in Tewa, Kiowa), "space" (in Jemez) |- ! *n | || || || | style="text-align: left;" | first person singular |- ! *ts | || || || | style="text-align: left;" | "eye" |- ! *t | || || || | style="text-align: left;" | "to say" |- ! *tsʰ | || || || | style="text-align: left;" | "to drink" |- ! *tʰ | || || || | style="text-align: left;" | "to break" (in Taos, Tewa, Jemez), "to sever several" (in Kiowa) |- ! *ts’ | || – || – || | style="text-align: left;" | "liver" |- ! *t’ | || || || | style="text-align: left;" | "antelope" |- ! *dz | || – || || | style="text-align: left;" | "song" (in Taos, Jemez), "to sing" (in Kiowa) |} Notes Bibliography Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. . Cordell, Linda A. (1979). Prehistory: Eastern Anasazi. In A. Ortiz (Ed.), Handbook of North American Indians: Southwest (Vol. 9, pp. 131–151). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. Davis, Irvine. (1959). Linguistic cues to northern Rio Grande prehistory. El Palacio, 66 (3), 73–84. Davis, Irvine. (1979). The Kiowa–Tanoan, Keresan, and Zuni languages. In L. Campbell & M. Mithun (Eds.), The languages of native America: Historical and comparative assessment (pp. 390–443). Austin: University of North Texas. Dozier, Edward P. (1954). The Hopi-Tewa of Arizona. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology, 44 (3), 259–376. Eggan, Fred. (1979).