length, beam, draft, Capesize, vessels larger than Suezmax and Neopanamax, and must traverse Cape Agulhas and Cape Horn to travel between oceans, dimension: about 170,000 DWT, 290 m long, 45 m beam (wide), 18m draught (under water depth). Chinamax, carriers of 380,000– up to draft, beam and length; these dimensions are limited by port infrastructure in China Wet cargo Aframax, oil tankers between 75,000 and . This is the largest size defined by the average freight rate assessment (AFRA) scheme. Q-Max, liquefied natural gas carrier for Qatar exports. A ship of Q-Max size is long and measures wide and high, with a shallow draft of approximately . Suezmax, typically ships of about , maximum dimensions are a beam of , a draft of as well as a height limit of can traverse the Suez Canal VLCC (Very Large Crude Carrier), supertankers between 150,000 and . Malaccamax, ships with a draft less than that can traverse the Strait of Malacca, typically . ULCC (Ultra Large Crude Carrier), enormous supertankers between 320,000 and The TI-class supertanker is an Ultra Large Crude Carrier, with a draft that is deeper than Suezmax, Malaccamax and Neopanamax. This causes Atlantic/Pacific routes to be very long, such as the long voyages south of Cape of Good Hope or south of Cape Horn to transit between Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Lake freighters built for the Great Lakes in North America differ in design from sea water–going ships because of the difference in wave size and frequency in the lakes. A number of these ships are larger than Seawaymax and cannot leave the lakes and pass to the Atlantic Ocean, since they do not fit the locks on the Saint Lawrence Seaway. History The earliest records of waterborne activity mention the carriage of items for trade; the evidence of history and archaeology shows the practice to be widespread by the beginning of the 1st millennium BC, and as early as the 14th and 15th centuries BC small Mediterranean cargo ships like those of the 50 foot long (15–16 metre) Uluburun ship were carrying 20 tons of exotic cargo; 11 tons of raw copper, jars, glass, ivory, gold, spices, and treasures from Canaan, Greece, Egypt, and Africa. The desire to operate trade routes over longer distances, and throughout more seasons of the year, motivated improvements in ship design during the Middle Ages. Before the middle of the 19th century, the