were descended from freed Cuban slaves, repatriated to Africa after emancipation and abolition of slavery by the Spanish Royal Orders of 13 September 1845 (voluntary), and of 20 June 1861 (deported). The latter group included mestizos (indigenous-European) and mulattoes (African-European), mixed-race descendants who had been acknowledged by a white Peninsular father. Fernandinos — Creole peoples, multi-ethnic or multi-race populations, often speaking the local Pidgin English of Spanish Guinea's island of Fernando Po (now known as Bioko). "Individuals of colour" under patronage — included the majority of the indigenous Black African people, and those mestizos−mulattoes who were not acknowledged by white fathers and were being deported from the Americas. Of the indigenous ethnic groups in Guinea, most were Bubi and Bantu peoples such as the Fang of Rio Muni. Others — primarily Nigerian, Cameroonian, Han Chinese, and Indian peoples who were hired as contract laborers under types of indentures. See also Dominican Spanish Afro-Dominicans White Dominicans Dominican Americans Washington Heights, Manhattan Alfonso XII Royal Palace of Madrid Spanish immigration to Cuba Captaincy General of Cuba Spanish Sahara Spanish protectorate in Morocco References Spanish Africa Former colonies in Africa Former Spanish colonies History of Equatorial Guinea History of Central Africa Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata States and territories established in 1778 States and territories disestablished in 1968 Guinea, Spanish Equatorial Guinea–Spain relations