concluding that is part of a Determiner Phrase. While there had been some postulation that clitics are heads of their own phrases, there has not been much support given to those claims. Even more recently, Lewandowski has focused on one function in the use of with reflexive verbs, the completive, wherein with specific verbs the clitic denotes a completion of an action. Lewandowski has proposed an interconnected functionality for the Spanish reflexive pronoun, representing this concept via a cluster map indicating semantic, pragmatic, and grammatical functions. His discussion has centered around the "polyfunctionality" of and how best to syntactically handle this issue, perhaps by not separating the syntax from morphology. Another recent view is that there are two syntactic formations: first, that is a probe for A-movement which results in a paradigmatic and second, that non-paradigmatic is represented by third person singular. This cross-referencing of syntax and morphology overlapping with a communicative stylistic approach has been suggested in the past. Dialectal variations Forms of address The use of and as a polite form of address is universal. However, there are variations in informal address. replaces in much of Andalusia, the Canary Islands, and Latin America, except in the liturgical or poetic of styles. In some parts of Andalusia, the pronoun is used with the standard endings. Depending on the region, Latin Americans may also replace the singular with or . The choice of pronoun is a tricky issue and can even vary from village to village. Travellers are often advised to play it safe and call everyone . A feature of the speech of the Dominican Republic and other areas where syllable-final /s/ is completely silent is that there is no audible difference between the second- and third-person singular form of the verb. This leads to redundant pronoun use, for example, the tagging on of (pronounced ) to the ends of sentences, where other speakers would say . Voseo was used in medieval Castilian as a polite form, like the French and the Italian , and it used the same forms as . This gave three levels of formality: (originally ) (today ) Whereas was lost in standard Spanish, some dialects lost , and began using as the informal pronoun. The exact connotations of this practice, called , depend on the dialect. In certain countries there may be socioeconomic implications. uses the pronoun for but maintains as an object pronoun