describes their abandonment as part of the "misinterpreted the Islamic rules to adapt them to contemporary life" that started in the late 19th century. In a HT video on how Muslims should answer criticism of the "harsh" punishments of hudood, HT member Taji Mustafa argues chopping off hands and fee "are a huge deterrent" to crime. HT texts state adultery should be punished by stoning and pre-marital sex by lashing, apostasy from Islam by death. "Brigandage" and murder would be punished by execution, crucifixion or amputation. Use of the punishments of 'chopping off' of hands for theft and stoning to death for adultery, would become law in the HT caliphate was confirmed in a 2009 interview of Tayyib Muqeem, a HT leader. Non-Muslim would be subject to the same laws and in addition would be subject to special taxes—the poll tax of jizya and the land tax of Kharaj. Men and women are to be segregated in public except when absolutely necessary according to HT Draft Constitution. A women's body may not be revealed, "apart from her face and hands". This was also reaffirmed by HT leader Tayyib Muqeem in a 2009 interview – 'Every woman would have to cover up.' (see below for regulations for non-Muslims and women) According to founder an-Nabhan, one of the benefits of the caliphate is that in its court system, there has never been "even one case ... settled according to other than the Islamic Shari’ah rules", although this is disputed by historians. Unlike many court systems the caliphate would have no courts of appeal or cessation. 'If the judge pronounced a sentence, it would become binding, and the sentence of another judge would not under any circumstances reverse it.' (However, if circumstantial evidence changed, a judge could reverse a decision.) Punishment for apostasy In the HT Draft Constitution, Article 7 declares that Muslims who "have by themselves renounced Islam... are guilty of apostasy (ridda) from Islam are to be executed." At least one HT text (How the Khilafah was Destroyed written by Abdul Qadeem Zallum, HT global leader from 1977 to 2003) emphasizes the importance of the "rule of Shariah" calling for the killing of apostates from Islam (those who have left Islam). Abdul Qadeem Zallum warns that the abolition of the caliphate in 1924 by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was a consequence of wayward Muslims like Atatürk no longer feeling any fear that