usually featuring proprietary PoE Industrial control system components including sensors, controllers, meters etc. Access control components including help-points, intercoms, entry cards, keyless entry, etc. Intelligent lighting controllers and Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Lighting fixtures Stage and Theatrical devices, such as networked audio breakout and routing boxes Remote Point Of Sale (POS) kiosks Inline Ethernet extenders PoE Splitters that output the power, often at a different voltage (e.g. 5V), to power a remote device or charge a mobile phone Terminology Power sourcing equipment Power sourcing equipment (PSE) are devices that provide (source) power on the Ethernet cable. This device may be a network switch, commonly called an endspan (IEEE 802.3af refers to it as endpoint), or an intermediary device between a non-PoE-capable switch and a PoE device, an external PoE injector, called a midspan device. Powered device A powered device (PD) is any device powered by PoE, thus consuming energy. Examples include wireless access points, VoIP phones, and IP cameras. Many powered devices have an auxiliary power connector for an optional external power supply. Depending on the design, some, none, or all of the device's power can be supplied from the auxiliary port, with the auxiliary port also sometimes acting as backup power in case PoE-supplied power fails. Power management features and integration Advocates of PoE expect PoE to become a global long term DC power cabling standard and replace a multiplicity of individual AC adapters, which cannot be easily centrally managed. Critics of this approach argue that PoE is inherently less efficient than AC power due to the lower voltage, and this is made worse by the thin conductors of Ethernet. Advocates of PoE, like the Ethernet Alliance, point out that quoted losses are for worst case scenarios in terms of cable quality, length and power consumption by powered devices. In any case, where the central PoE supply replaces several dedicated AC circuits, transformers and inverters, the power loss in cabling can be justifiable. Integrating EEE and PoE The integration of PoE with the IEEE 802.3az Energy-Efficient Ethernet (EEE) standard potentially produces additional energy savings. Pre-standard integrations of EEE and PoE (such as Marvell's EEPoE outlined in a May 2011 white paper) claim to achieve a savings upwards of 3 W per link. This saving is especially significant as higher power devices come online. Standard implementation Standards-based Power over Ethernet is implemented following the specifications in IEEE 802.3af-2003 (which was later