justifications leading to the present state were later developments. A common Ngāpuhi interpretation of the Declaration of the United Tribes is that the British government was simply recognizing Māori independence and putting the world on check, merely re-asserting sovereignty that had existed from "time immemorial". The Te Paparahi o Te Raki stage 1 inquiry hearings phase was intended to reach conclusions as to the meaning and effect of the treaty for the Crown and Te Raki Māori in 1840. Hearings began in May 2010 and on 14 November 2014, the Te Raki stage 1 report handover took place at Te Tii Marae, Waitangi. The key conclusion of the stage 1 report was that the treaty signatories did not cede sovereignty in February 1840. "That is, they did not cede authority to make and enforce law over their people or their territories." The rangatira did, however, agree "to share power and authority with Britain". The consequences of the findings in the stage 1 report were considered in the Te Raki stage 2 inquiry, with the Tribunal hearings considering issues including the immediate aftermath of the Treaty of Waitangi, the Flagstaff War and Crown pre-emption (the right of the Crown to acquire Māori land that is addressed in the treaty). Hapū and marae Media Tautoko FM broadcasts to the people of Ngāpuhi-nui-tonu, and began operating on 28 November 1988. It broadcasts on in Mangamuka. The Tautoko FM building burnt to the ground on 18 May 2015, cutting power to the small Mangamuka community. Religion Most Ngāpuhi, 49.6%, identify as being irreligious, according to data from Te Whata iwi estimates, based on 2018 Census data. 42.2% of Ngāpuhi specify a religious affiliation, larger than the 38.1% of Māori as a whole who specify religious affiliation. Notable Ngāpuhi people Willie Apiata (born 1972), first recipient of the Victoria Cross for New Zealand Fred Baker (1908–1958), soldier and leader of the Māori Battalion Donna Campbell (born 1959), university teacher, curator, weaver and textile artist Marama Davidson (born 1973), politician and co-leader of the Green Party Kelvin Davis (born 1967), politician and deputy leader of the Labour Party Abby Erceg (born 1989), soccer player Annabella Mary Geddes (1864–1955), welfare worker and community leader Sid Going (born 1943), rugby union player Ana Hamu (died 1848), woman of high rank and Treaty of Waitangi signatory Hōne Heke (1808–1850), chief Hongi Hika (–1828), chief Maewa Kaihau (1879–1941), composer, pianist