Robert Wartenberg (June 19, 1887 – November 16, 1956) was a clinical neurologist and professor. Born in the then-Russian Empire, he attended university and established his career in Germany. As a Jew, he was fired from his position as the University of Freiburg's Clinical Department of Neurology during the Nazi regime. He immigrated to the US, settling in San Francisco and teaching at the University of California in San Francisco. He authored more than 150 papers and four books and made many significant discoveries in the area of clinical signs of neurological conditions. He continues to be commemorated by the American Academy of Neurology's annual Robert Wartenberg Lecture and by many eponyms in the field of neurology. Early life and education Wartenberg was born in 1887 in Grodno, Belarus, then in the Russian Empire. He studied at the Universities of Kiel, Munich, and Freiburg eventually graduating magna cum laude from the University of Rostock, Germany in 1919. He worked with Max Nonne in Hamburg and Otfrid Foerster in Breslau. Wartenberg became a Travelling Fellow of the Rockefeller Foundation from 1925 to 1926, visiting the U.S., U.K., and France. During this time, he worked for Harvey Cushing in Boston. Career Following his graduation, Wartenberg worked for a series of German universities. In the early 1930s, he became head of the neurological clinic and professor in neurology and psychiatry at the University of Freiburg. As a Jew, Wartenberg was persecuted by the Nazi regime. He was removed from the position at the University of Freiburg's Clinical Department of Neurology due to the Nazi Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service. Wartenberg left Nazi Germany as a refugee in 1935 or 1936. He settled in San Francisco and began working for the University of California in 1936. He was made clinical professor of neurology in 1952 and eventually became head of the Neurology Department. Over his career, Wartenberg authored more than 150 papers and four books. His first book, "Examination of Reflexes," was translated into at least six languages. He submitted his final book to his publisher two hours before his death. Wartenberg helped found the American Academy of Neurology, and served on the editorial boards of Confina Neurologica and The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. Among his colleagues, he was considered to be a harsh, detail-oriented reviewer of his peers' writing. One of his colleagues stated of him that