am happy that Marta brings the food) (It is a shame that you arrive late) The subjunctive is also used to convey doubt, denial, or uncertainty. (I search for a friend who will be likable or I search for a likable friend) (There are no authors who write that.) (It is possible that she knows a lot.) (It does not seem that they have much money.) In the first two examples, the ideally likable friend has not yet been found and remains an uncertainty, and authors "who write that" are not known to exist. In the third, possibility is not certainty, but rather a conjecture, and the last expresses clear doubt. Thus, subjunctive is used. Some of the phrases and verbs that require sentences to have subjunctive formation include: Some phrases that require the indicative instead, because they express certainty, include: To form the first-person singular subjunctive, first take the present indicative first-person singular () form of a verb. For example, the verbs and (To talk, to eat, to live) → Then, replace the ending with the "opposite ending". This is done in the following way: if the verb is an or verb such as or replace the ending with an i.e. : If the verb is an verb such as or replace the ending with an : i.e., This forms the first-person conjugation. The other conjugations work similarly, as follows: Since the forms are derived from , the following would be expected (and used in Central America): However, the Royal Spanish Academy, following Argentinian usage, recommends using the forms: ; ; Imperfect subjunctive Today, the two forms of the imperfect subjunctive – for example, "" and "", from "" – are largely interchangeable.* The form derives (as in most Romance languages) from the Latin pluperfect subjunctive, while the form derives from the Latin pluperfect indicative. The use of one or the other is largely a matter of personal taste and dialect. Many only use the forms in speech, but vary between the two in writing. Many may spontaneously use either, or even prefer the rarer forms. The imperfect subjunctive is formed for basically the same reasons as the present subjunctive, but is used for other tenses and time frames. Nouns In Spanish, as in other Romance languages, all nouns belong to one of two genders, "masculine" or "feminine", and many adjectives change their form to agree in gender with