a figure from Aisling poetry but adapted into a stage play by leading members of the Irish Literary Revival in 1902. Cathleen Ni Houlihan is an Old and Poor woman, a seemingly otherworldly figure that is the embodiment of Irish republicanism and can only be transformed back into a young woman if a young man gives his life for her Sake. She also symbolically represents The Morrígan, the goddess of war and sovereignty, from Irish mythology. In later years, like his fellow Irish-language poets Diarmuid na Bolgaí Ó Sé and Máire Bhuidhe Ní Laoghaire, Ballymacoda-born poet and Deerfield, New York homesteader Pádraig Phiarais Cúndún updated Aisling poetry from Jacobitism to more recent religious and political causes of the Irish people. Cúndún's Aisling poems helped inspire the more recent Irish-language poetry of Seán Gaelach Ó Súilleabháin, who adapted the Aisling tradition to the experiences of the Irish diaspora, the events of the Easter Rising of 1916, and the Irish War of Independence. Seán Gaelach Ó Súilleabháin, a native of the now abandoned island of Inishfarnard, off the Beara Peninsula of County Cork, emigrated to the United States in 1905 and settled in the heavily Irish-American mining city of Butte, Montana, where he continued to both collect and compose Modern literature in Irish until his death in 1957. In his pre-Easter Rising Aisling poem Cois na Tuinne ("Beside the Wave"), Seán Gaelach describes pondering the woes of the Gael when he encounters the goddess Érin. Stunned, Seán Gaelach asks whether she is the heroine Medea from Greek mythology or perhaps the lover of 17th-century Irish clan chief Donal Cam O'Sullivan Beare. Although Érin laments her state, Seán Gaelach promises her that the Irish Volunteers will soon rise up and drive the English from the land. He predicts that the post-independence Irish economy will boom and bring everyone prosperity, the Irish language will be restored to the people, and that Ireland will be re-forested and filled with singing birds in all the branches of the trees. In the 1917 Aisling poem Bánta Mín Éirinn Glas Óg ("The Lush Green Plains of Ireland"), Seán Gaelach describes meeting Érin again, proposing marriage to her, and trying to convince her to emigrate with him overseas to tíribh an cheóil ("the land of music"). When Seán Gaelach promises never to abandon her, Érin finally agrees to marry him and join him in America. Despite the end of