using in singular or in plural is grammatical. * (incorrect) (correct) When prepositions come into play, things become complicated. Structures unambiguously identifiable as cleft sentences are used. The verb introduces the stressed element and then there is a nominaliser. Both of these are preceded by the relevant preposition. For example: = "It was me to whom he gave permission", lit. "It was to me to whom he gave permission" = "It is us for whom this was made", lit. "It is for us for whom this was made" = "That is why I did it", more literally: "It is because of that that I did it", or completely literally: "It is because of that because of which I did it" = "It is this way that it must be done", lit. "It is this way how it must be done" ( replaces longer expressions such as ) This structure is quite wordy, and is therefore often avoided by not using a cleft sentence at all. Emphasis is conveyed just by word order and stressing with the voice (indicated here within bolding): = "He gave permission to me" = "This was done for us" = "I did it because of that" = "It must be done this way" In casual speech, the complex cleaving pronoun is often reduced to , just as it is reduced to "that" in English. Foreign learners are advised to avoid this. (preferred: ) (preferred: ) In the singular, the subordinate clause can agree either with the relative pronoun or with the subject of the main sentence, though the latter is seldom used. However, in the plural, only agreement with the subject of the main sentence is acceptable. Therefore: Singular = "I was the one who drank it" (agreement with subject of main sentence) (preferred form with same meaning, agreement with ) = "I am the one who knows" (agreement with subject of main sentence) = (preferred form with same meaning, agreement with ) Plural = "We are the only ones who do not have even a cent to bet" (agreement with subject of main sentence) (from dialogue of the Gabriel García Márquez novel ) = "You girls are the ones who know" (agreement with subject of main sentence) Clitic se Clitics are a necessary part of syntactic form and representation in Spanish. Defining a specific syntactic role of a clitic in Spanish is cumbersome, as they