the glossed placenames of the Samguk sagi reflect an early language of Baekje. In addition, chapter 54 of the Book of Liang (635) gives four Baekje words, two of which may be compared to Japonic: 'ruling fortress' vs Old Japanese 'to put inside' 'settlement' vs Old Japanese 'house' and 'circle' Silla Some words from Silla and its predecessor Jinhan are recorded by Chinese historians in chapter 30 of Wei Zhi in Records of the Three Kingdoms (3rd century) and chapter 54 of the Book of Liang (completed in 635). Many of these words appear to be Korean, but a few match Japonic forms, e.g. mura () 'settlement' vs Old Japanese 'village'. Chapter 34 of the Samguk sagi gives former place names in Silla and the standardized two-character Sino-Korean names assigned under King Gyeongdeok in the 8th century. Many of the pre-reform names cannot be given Korean derivations, but are explicable as Japonic words. For example, several of them contain an element miti (), which resembles Old Japanese 'way, road'. Byeonhan/Gaya The Chinese Records of the Three Kingdoms (3rd century) gives phonographic transcriptions in Chinese characters of names of 12 settlements in the Byeonhan confederacy in southern Korea. Two of these include a suffix , which has been compared with Late Middle Korean and Proto-Japonic *, both meaning 'base, bottom' and claimed by Samuel Martin to be cognate. One of the names has a suffix , which is commonly identified with Proto-Japonic 'mountain'. The Gaya confederacy, which succeeded Byeonhan, maintained trading relations with Japan, until it was overrun by Silla in the early 6th century. A single word is explicitly attributed to the Gaya language, in chapter 44 of the Samguk sagi: Because the character was used to transcribe the Silla word ancestral to Middle Korean 'ridge', philologists heve inferred that the Gaya word for 'gate' had a similar pronunciation. This word has been compared with the Old Japanese word 'gate, door'. Tamna Chapter 81 of the Chinese Book of Sui (656) mentions (), an earlier form of the name of the kingdom of Tamna on Jeju Island. Vovin suggests that this name may have a Japonic etymology 'valley settlement' or 'people's settlement'. A village in southwestern Jeju called Gamsan (/kamsan/ 'persimmon mountain') has an old name 'deity mountain'. The first character of the place name () cannot be read as / in Korean, but Vovin suggests that the first syllable