Adolf (also spelt Adolph or Adolphe, Adolfo, and when Latinised Adolphus) is a given name with German origins. The name is a compound derived from the Old High German Athalwolf (or Hadulf), a composition of athal, or adal, meaning "noble" (or had(u)-, meaning "battle, combat"), and wolf. The name is cognate to the Anglo-Saxon name Æthelwulf (also Eadulf or Eadwulf). The name can also be derived from the ancient Germanic elements "Wald" meaning "power", "brightness" and wolf (Waldwulf). Due to negative associations with German chancellor Adolf Hitler, the adoption of the name has declined in popularity since the end of World War II. Similar names include Lithuanian Adolfas and Latvian Ādolfs. The female forms Adolphine and Adolpha are far more rare than the male names. Adolphus can also appear as a surname, as in John Adolphus, the English historian. Popularity and usage During the 19th and early 20th centuries, Adolf was a popular name for baby boys in German-speaking countries and to a lesser extent also in French-speaking countries (spelled there as Adolphe). After Adolf Hitler came to power in Nazi Germany, the name Adolf became popular again, especially in 1933–1934 and 1937. Due to negative associations with Hitler, the name has declined in popularity as a given name for males since the 1940s. Adolf Dassler (born 1900), the founder of Adidas, used his nickname, 'Adi', in his professional life and for the name of his company. After 1945, a few German people have been named Adolf due to family traditions. Similarly, the French version, Adolphe—previously a fairly common name in France and the name of a classic French novel—has virtually disappeared, along with the Italian version Adolfo. However, the Spanish and Portuguese version, Adolfo, has not become stigmatised in the same way and is still in common use in Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking countries. Monarchs and nobles Adolf Frederick, King of Sweden (1710–1771) Adolf I, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe (1817–1893) Adolf II, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe (1883–1936) Adolf of Altena (1157–1220), Archbishop of Cologne Adolf of Nassau (1540–1568), Count of Nassau, brother of William the Silent Adolf, Count Palatine of the Rhine (1300–1327) Adolf, Duke of Bavaria (1434–1441) Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (1526–1586) Adolf, Duke of Jülich-Berg (1370–1437) Adolf, King of the Romans (1255–1298), King of Germany Adolph I, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen (d. 1473) Adolph II, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen (1458–1526) Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1817–1905) Adolphus Cambridge, 1st Marquess of Cambridge