Sema. Methodology The methodology of Deobandi fiqh is largely based on the principles and teachings of the Hanafi school of thought, which emphasizes the importance of scholarly consensus (ijma), analogy (qiyas), and legal reasoning (ijtihad) in the interpretation and application of Islamic law. The Deobandi scholars also place a strong emphasis on the study of the Quran and Hadith, as well as the works of classical Islamic scholars, such as Abu Hanifa, Al-Ghazali, and Shah Waliullah Dehlawi. In addition to these traditional sources of Islamic knowledge, the Deobandi fiqh also draws on the teachings and practices of the founder of the Deobandi movement, Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi, and his successors. The Deobandi methodology places a particular emphasis on the study and transmission of Islamic knowledge through a system of madrasas (Islamic seminaries), which provide a structured curriculum of Islamic studies that covers topics such as Quranic exegesis, Hadith studies, Islamic law, theology, and spirituality. This emphasis on Islamic education and scholarship has been a defining feature of the Deobandi movement and has contributed to its spread and influence in many parts of the Muslim world. Bid'ah Bid'ah, meaning innovation in Islam, is any recently introduced belief or practice that does not align with established Islamic teachings or traditions. This deviation from the Sunnah, or the way of the Prophet Muhammad, is generally considered negative. The concept of Bid'ah in Islam has several classifications, with Bid'ah Hasanah (praiseworthy innovation) and Bid'ah Sayyiah (blameworthy innovation) being the most common. The Deoband school, founded during the Indian reformist tradition, contributed to this reform of Bid'ah. While opinions on the definition of Bid'ah vary among different scholars and schools of thought, the Deobandi concept of Bid'ah is specific and limited. Rashid Ahmad Gangohi referred to Shah Muhammad Ishaq's definition of Bid'ah via Arbain: "Any practice not reported from the salaf (ancestors) as ibadat (a religious duty) that is performed as ibadat is bidat." Gangohi rejected the classification of good and bad Bid'ah, saying "There is no Bid'ah as a good Bid'ah. The one called good is actually the Sunnat." Ashraf Ali Thanwi concurred, saying a real Bid'ah would always be bad, and the good Bid'ah is Bid'ah only in form, but in reality, it is Sunnat because it is part of some general principle of religion. According to Thanwi, Bid'ah is defined as accepting any matter that is not part of religion (din) in particular