in Vilnius. Most of the chapters established and maintained small libraries or reading rooms of Lithuanian publications and literature. The books could be lent only to members of the society. When a branch in Adutiškis lent several books to non-members, local officials sued responsible society members including its chairman Vincentas Taškūnas. At various times, the society operated 26 kindergartens (9 before 1937, 16 in 1939–1940, and one unknown year), 39 public reading rooms, and one primary school in Wojciuliszki. The school opened in fall 1927 and had 116 students during the 1932/33 school year. It was replaced by a Polish public school in fall 1933. Local chapters also organized sections for young farmers (36 locations), sports (52 locations), theater performers, or singers. The chapters organized various local events. In particular, they marked the feast day of Saint Casimir (4 March), Lithuania's Independence Day (16 February), and Mother's Day. Chapters often organized local musical evening or staged amateur theater plays (so-called barn theatres). Polish authorities actively monitored society's events. Even routine meetings of local members needed to be pre-approved by the local authorities. For violating these rules, the chapters faced fines (usually of 200 Polish złoty) or, less frequently, arrests of its activists (up to 14 days). In 1930, the chapters commemorated the 500th death anniversary of Grand Duke Vytautas by erecting monuments or crosses. More crosses were built during the Catholic Jubilee in 1933 (in commemoration of the 1900th anniversary of the traditional year of Jesus's death and resurrection). Such activities sometimes provoked local conflicts. For example, Lithuanians erected a cross in front of the church in Marcinkonys in December 1933. The next day, it was removed by Polish policemen. Locals attempted to defend the cross and five people received prison sentences. News about the incident spread widely in Lithuania causing an uproar; the Union for the Liberation of Vilnius published a 48-page booklet Išniekinti kryžiai (Desecrated Crosses) about this and other incidents, including about Gubertas Rukšėnas, chairman of a local chapter in , who was killed by a Polish border guard on 16 February 1934. Activities in Vilnius The first conference of society's members was organized in Vilnius on 5–6 June 1933. Attended by about 100 people, it was essentially a training course on how to organize and run a society. Lectures were given on the goals of the Society of Saint Casimir, activities and recordkeeping of local chapters,