endowments to modern business modes. Zainul Islam Qasmi's Chand Aham Aşri Masayil is a two-volume work on some of the most important Fiqhi rulings of the modern era. Encyclopedia Deobandi scholars also make noteworthy contributions to the field of Islamic jurisprudence through the authoring of comprehensive encyclopedic books. Inamul Haque Qasmi is one such scholar who has authored several such works, including Hajj Wa Umrah ke Masail Ka Encyclopedia, a four-volume book that covers all aspects of the pilgrimage of Hajj and Umrah, Qurbani Ke Masail Ka Encyclopedia, a comprehensive book that deals with sacrificial-related matters, Zakat Ke Masail Ka Encyclopedia, an encyclopedic book that covers all common and sophisticated issues related to the most valued act of Zakat, Namaz Ke Masail Ka Encyclopedia, a book that delves into various contemporary issues related to daily prayers, and Safar Ke Masail Ka Encyclopedia, a book that encompasses a wide range of rulings related to traveling. Fiqh manuscript Deobandi scholars have also been involved in working on Fiqh manuscripts, including the publication of Fatawa Tatarkhaniya, a comprehensive thirty-volume collection of Islamic jurisprudence that was edited by Shabbir Ahmad Qasmi of Madrasa Shahi in 23 thick volumes. Additionally, there is Sinwan al-Qaza Wa Unwan al-Ifta, a book on judicature written by Qazi Emadudeen, which was published in four volumes by the Kuwait Ministry of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs. Another work is Fiqh al-Nawazil, an old book on Islamic issues that was revived by Khalid Saifullah Rahmani and annotated with footnotes. Fatwas A fatwa is a legal opinion given by a qualified Islamic scholar, or mufti, regarding a specific issue based on their interpretation of Islamic law, or sharia. Fatwas can cover a wide range of topics, including religious practices, personal conduct, social issues, and political matters. In the Muslim community, fatwas carry significant weight, as they are considered authoritative guidance on Islamic law and are often sought by individuals seeking specific answers or guidance on particular issues. The Deobandi school of Islamic thought is well-known for its extensive issuance of legal opinions, or fatwas, on various topics. These fatwas have been highly influential in shaping the beliefs and practices of Muslims who follow the Deobandi school of thought, both in India and around the world. Notable fatwas issued by Deobandi scholars have covered various issues, such as education, social life, terrorism, and banking. Education During the period of British colonial rule in India,