of all the permanent teeth into a stablerelationships. By starting treatment in the permanent dentition at or just after the pubertal growth peak, the larger increase in the condylar growth and the shorter retention phase required have lead to a more stable occlusion and reduced posttreatment relapse. However,some researchers have found that Herbst treatment was giving equal results in prepubertal and postpubertal patients although greater anchorage loss is to be anticipated in postpubertal patients. References Orthodontic appliances