the case and decided in favor of Angelo in a 5-4 decision striking down the Georgia insurrection statute citing it violated the first amendment. Julius and Ethel Rosenberg (imprisoned 19511953) were the first Americans to be executed for espionage. Gay 2012 includes them in a list of "political prisoners", in part because of their excessive sentence: "No other convicted spy not even Rudolph Abel, the Soviet Union's chief spymaster in the United States was executed by the United States during the entire Cold War". Martin Luther King, Jr.: King, an anti-racist organizer, was never imprisoned for an extended period of time, but he was arrested 29 times between 1956 and 1964. He is often named as a prisoner of conscience for his nonviolent opposition to racial segregation in the United States. Rosa Parks (arrested 1956): Parks, an anti-racist organizer, is commonly named as a prisoner of conscience for her civil disobedience to Montgomery bus segregation. In the 1970s, Parks organized for the freedom of political prisoners in the United States, particularly cases involving issues of self-defense. She helped found the Detroit chapter of the Joanne Little Defense Committee, supported other prisoner's defense committees, and supported the Wilmington Ten, RNA 11, and Gary Tyler. When Angela Davis was acquitted, Parks introduced her to an audience of 12,000 as a "dear sister who has suffered so much persecution". Fred Hampton (imprisoned 1969): Hampton, a local chairman of the Black Panther Party, was convicted of assaulting an Good Humor ice cream van driver, stealing $71 worth of ice cream bars, and giving them to kids on the street. In a memoir, Frank B. Wilderson III places this incident in the context of COINTELPRO efforts to disrupt the Black Panthers of Chicago by the "leveling of trumped-up charges". In 1969, Hampton was killed in his sleep by Cook County police officers. Civil rights activists Roy Wilkins and Ramsey Clark, styled as "The Commission of Inquiry into the Black Panthers and the Police", alleged that the Chicago police had killed Hampton without justification or provocation and had violated the Panthers' constitutional rights against unreasonable search and seizure. "The Commission" further alleged that the Chicago Police Department had imposed a summary punishment on the Panthers. Richard Wershe Jr. (imprisoned 19872021) was an FBI informant who was convicted of possession of over 650 grams of cocaine. The film White Boy describes Wershe as a "political prisoner" who