between 1995 and 1997, prompting federal prosecutors to conduct another investigation into the SIS potential civil rights violations. One shooting in 1997, when a bystander mistaken for a robber had his "entire upper leg destroyed" by a shotgun blast from an SIS detective, led to a federal civil rights lawsuit. Another shooting in 1999, when SIS detectives shot and killed two unarmed robbers running from them, led to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) launching an investigation of the unit. In 2010, SIS detectives shot and killed a Los Angeles Unified School District employee who was being surveilled for connections to a series of check-cashing business robberies, after he pointed a handgun at them while surrounded. In 2013, Chief Charlie Beck permitted an FBI investigation into the SIS and SWAT over allegations that members of the units were illegally selling their handguns. In 2018, a lawsuit was filed against the LAPD a year after SIS detectives shot and killed the "Penny Pincher Bandit", who was wanted for a series of robberies; the lawsuit, filed by the suspect's family, argued the use of lethal force was unnecessary, and suggested that the gun he used in his robberies may not have been real. Organization Most information relating to the Special Investigation Section is not publicly disclosed by the LAPD. According to the LAPD's website, the SIS's objective is to "determine if a suspect(s) under surveillance is connected to the crime(s) under investigation, and, if probable cause exists to arrest, to locate and arrest the suspect(s)." The SIS is part of the RHD; however, their services are available to any other division or unit that requires surveillance support. The SIS is not headquartered in the LAPD's Police Administration Building with the RHD, and is instead based in an unidentified office building in Skid Row. The SIS consistently maintains a manpower of 20 detectives. The LAPD only selects whom they consider the best and most capable detectives to join the SIS, and only 110 detectives have ever qualified for the SIS over its existence. In 1998, most of the SIS was said to consist of older men who had other jobs outside the LAPD; at the time, the SIS contained no women and few people of color, though plans were made to expand their numbers in the unit. The SIS has an annual budget of $2 million, though much more is spent to defend