Mamun academy is the scientific center which was founded in Baghdad in the 1st half of the 9th century by Khalifa Mamun arrashid (813-833). First, it was called "Bayt ul-hikmat"(The house of knowledge). Many scientific-literary, philosophical-ethical works from Greek, Jewish, Sanskrit, Syriac, Persian were translated into Arabic by the Hunayn ibn Ishoq, Sobit ibn Kurra, Khubayish, Bakhtyashu, Qusto ibn Luqa al-Baakhbakkiy, Yahyo ibn-Adiy, Ishoq al-Damashqiy, Masarjuvaikh family, Navbakht, Ibn Muqaffa, Ibn Mojja, Ibn Vahshiya and spread to the Muslim world. Because of these translation and comments, the works of Greek and Indian scientists have come down to us. In 828 the first observatory was built at the Mamun Academy in the ash-Shammasiya near to Baghdad, in 831 the section of the observatory on Mount Kosion near Damascus. The planetarium was initially headed by Abu Ali Yahya ibn Mansur from Marv, and later by Muhammad Khorezmiy. Scientific expeditions were also organized at the Mamun Academy for various purposes. For example: in 830, 3 expeditions directed by Khorezmey were organized to the West India (now Eastern Afghanistan), the Volga. In this academy, Khalid ibn al-Malik al-Marvarrudiy, Al-Abbas ibn Sayd Al-Jawhari, Ahmad ibn Abdulloh al-Marwazi, Ahmad al-Farghani, Abu Fazl Alhamid ibn Wase ibn Turk al-alKhuttali, Abu Yusuf Yoqub ibn Sabbox al-Kindiy and many other scholars from Middle Asia made great contributions to the development of various sciences. At the beginning, the scientific center in the city of Gurganj (now Urgench), the capital of Khorezm, was also called the Mamun academy cademy).. References