A human mutant is a human being born from an embryo that has been artificially created through genetic engineering. As of 2023, only three mutants are known: twins Lulu and Nana, who were born in 2018, and Amy, who was born in 2019. All three are female and are resistant to HIV infection due to a mutation in the C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) gene. Origin of the term When the first mutants were born in 2018, they were variously called "genome-edited babies," "designer babies," "CRISPR babies," and so on. However, the more familiar term "mutant" gradually became preferred, as seen in Oxford University anthropologist Eben Kirksey's book "The Mutant Project," where he refers to them as "mutants". Kirksey adds that however, all current humans are actually mutants since we have evolved through natural mutation. Methods of embryo creation For humans, who have a long transgenerational time, pluripotent stem cell blastocyst injection method requiring chimeric individual generations is impractical. Mutation of fertilized eggs using genome editing technologies such as TALEN and CRISPR/Cas9 is virtually the only available means. All of the mutants currently alive have been mutated using CRISPR/Cas9 by Dr. He and colleagues at the South University of Science and Technology, China. Reproduction As of 2023, there are no mutants of reproductive age. Since mutants' bodies are a mosaic of mutated and normal cells, it is possible that mutated genes do not exist in the germ line. However, as seen in other mammals such as mice, it is highly probable that their offspring will also be mutants. Genes mutated by genome editing are likely to be present in both chromosome pairs. However, if they reproduce with ordinary humans, their offspring will have mutated genes in only one of the chromosome pairs. When such heterozygotes, or "half-mutants" reproduce with other half-mutants, there is generally a 25% chance that a homozygote or "real" mutant with mutations in both chromosome pairs will be born, and a 50% chance of a heterozygote. Existing mutants Lulu A female born to Chinese parents. Her father was HIV positive and had the CCR5 mutation (Δ32). She is a mosaic of normal and mutated cells and is a heterozygote with a mutation in only one of the chromosome pairs. Nana Lulu's twin sister. She is also a mosaic, but with one additional base added to one chromosome and four bases deleted from the other, and the resulting