the 18 padeshakas on Vastu Shastra. Varahamihira's Brhat Samhita mentions Nagnajit's recommendations on temple architecture. Utpala's commentary on Brhat Samhita names Nagnajit as the author of Prasada-lakshana and 'Pratima-lakshana, and quotes stanzas from his works. A Sanskrit-language treatise on painting - variously called Chitra-lakshana, Nagnajichchitra-lakshanam, or Nagna-vratam - survives in its Tibetan version, although the original text is now lost. The text contains three chapters, attributed to Nagnajit, Vishvakarman, and Prahlada. The first chapter - attributed to Nagnajit - contains a legend about the origin of painting. This legend mentions a king named Nagnajit who defeats naked pretas (supernatural beings) during a battle against Yama to revive the son of a Brahmin, and thus earns the name Nagna-jit (Sanskrit for "Conqueror of the naked"). He eventually becomes the first man to draw a portrait. Later in the chapter, the title Nagnajit seems to refer to Vishvakarman. Utpala cites Nagnajit's Chitra-lakshana in his commentary on Brhat Samhita, but this text is about weapons, not painting. Historian Ajay Mitra Shastri considers various possibilities: (1) the Tibetan text contains only a part of a larger treatise attributed to Nagnajit (2) there were multiple texts titled Chitra-lakshana attributed to Nagnajit (3) the Tibetan text is erroneously attributed to Nagnajit. Some texts on Ayurveda mention Nagnajit as an authority on medicine: Bhela Samhita describes Nagnajit as a saintly king (rajarshi) of Gandhara, who asks Punarvasu about the effects of poison. Vagbhata's Ashtanga-hrdaya refers to Nagnajit and other authorities on Ayurveda in connection with the effects of poison. Indu's commentary on Ashtanga-sangraha calls Nagnajit Daruvahin, and refers to his opinion on the effects of poison. Kashyapa-samhita mentions Daruvaha, describing him as a rajarshi, and refers to his opinions on the causes of diseases. Some scholars, such as Hemaraja Sharma, believe that Daruvaha or Daruvahin was another name of Nagnajit, as suggested by Indu. A commentary on Ashtanga-hrdaya cites Nagnajit's opinion on food, blood, and flesh. A manuscript of Hemadri's Lakshana-prakasha, dated to 1525 VS, cites Vinagnajit as an authority on Ayurveda; according to Shastri, "Vinagnajit" may be a typo for "Nagnajit. Historicity J.C. Ghosh (1939) theorizes that the Nagnajit referred to in various texts was a single person. According to Ghosh, he was a Vedic period king who was also an exponent of the Gandhara school of art. Ghosh identifies Nagnajit's instructors Parvata and Narada as the sages associated with the Rigveda hymns 8.12 and 8.13.