proceeded to print the first edition. The piece became a success; on the subject, Milhaud stated that "the future ended up proving [Deiss] right". Nazi censorship As Milhaud was Jewish (his father was from an Ashkenazi Jewish family and his mother was born to a Sephardi Jewish family), he was forced to leave France for the United States in 1940 due to the Nazi occupation of France. During the Nazi censorship of works by Jewish individuals, Scaramouche (along with Milhaud's other works) was banned. Undeterred by the Nazi censorship, Mercel Meyer, alongside another pianist, organised a performance of Scaramouche on 1 June 1943 at the École Normale de Musique de Paris. To evade the ban on Milhaud's works, the performers were forced to attempt to trick the censors. The pianists used anagrams to provide a pseudonym for both Milhaud and the suite; they changed Darius Milhaud to become Hamid-al-Usurid while Scaramouche was changed to be Mous Are-chac. The performance managed to successfully take place, avoiding any censorship from the Nazi authorities. Structure Scaramouche consists of three movements: A full playing of the suite lasts approximately eight to nine minutes. Polytonality, a distinctive element of Milhuad's composing style, is used consistently throughout the suite. Reception Audiences of the time received Scaramouche very well, which surprised Milhaud. The piece was a large success for Milhaud and continues to be one of his most popular works. Scaramouche has become a standard piece in both piano duo and classical saxophone repertoire; according to musicologist Paul Collaer, the suite "has earned itself an incomparably popular place in twentieth-century two-piano literature". In a 1970 interview, Milhaud stated that he considered Scaramouche to be one of his most successful pieces but said it was "a work that is not important". He believed that the suite did not deserve to be so popular as to the point of overshadowing some of his other compositions. The New York Times included Scaramouche on their 1974 list of "Milhaud's Major Works". Arrangements The original version of Scaramouche was written as a piano duo (Op.165b) in 1937. Due to the suite's popularity, Milhaud later arranged it for various different ensembles. A particularly successful arrangement was made for saxophone and orchestra (Op.165c) and was published in 1939 by Éditions Salabert. This arrangement premiered on Radio Paris in June 1940 with a performance from A. Muhle on saxophone alongside the Radio Paris Orchestra. On