Charles Marie Eugène Pierre Bénard (4 February 1867 – 16 November 1931) was a French mariner, who engaged in Arctic exploration, oceanography, and archaeology. Biography Bénard was born in Redon, a town in Brittany. His father was the local stationmaster for the Compagnie d'Orléans. In 1873, his father was transferred to Bordeaux where Bénard graduated school. He entered the École navale at the age of 16 and completed his training in 1886. In the French Navy, he was at sea near Newfoundland, among other places. He quit the navy in 1891 with the rank of Enseigne de vaisseau. In the following, Bénard settled in Bordeaux, where he was on the boards of directors of several civilian shipping companies. In 1899, he co-founded the Société d'Océanographie du Golfe de Gascogne, through which he made friends with fellow oceanography and exploration enthusisast Albert I, Prince of Monaco. In 1908, Bénard led an expedition named Mission Océanographique Arctique Française. The expedition's main goals were estimating the potential for fishing off the coast of Northern Norway, oceanographic studies of the Barents Sea, and geological investigations on Novaya Zemlya. The newly constructed sailing vessel Jacques Cartier served as the expedition ship. The voyage was under the patronage of Prince Albert, while Jules Charles-Roux chaired the expedition committee. Jacques Cartier set sail from Dunkirk on 12 April 1908 with 19 people aboard. The chief medical officer was named Candiotti, the captain Desmazières. During most of June, the ship stayed at Hammerfest where the local fishing could be studied. In the Barents Sea, oceanographic observations were made. On 7 July, Novaya Zemlya was reached when the ship anchored at Belushya Guba and the expedition made contact with the local Nenets population. On 24 July, the Russian geologist Vladimir Rusanov was dropped off by mail steamer to join the party. Several exploring trips were made across the archipelago. Candiotti and Rusanov led a successful crossing of the northern island, mapping for the first time. Bénard himself conducted surveying work around , and in the interior of the peninsula Gusinaya Zemlya. In late August, Jacques Cartier left Novaya Zemlya for Arkhangelsk where after some disagreement about continuing the expedition work next season, she was finally sold and the crew was repatriated. In 1914, Bénard returned to Novaya Zemlya, where he hiked across the southern island alone, before crossing Gusinaya Zemlya by dogsled together with a Nenets companion. At the