flintlock muskets to percussion system, with the capacity od 60 muskets a day. The same year two machines for making Minnie balls were imported from Belgium, and in 1857. Kragujevac Foundry installed the machines for production of copper percussion caps, making Serbia finally independent in the production of percussion rifle ammunition. In 1858. a new production line with 28 skilled workers under the guidance of Mihailo Cvejić was set up for converting some 15.000 old flintlock muskets to percussion system: in the first year only some 1,800 rifles were converted, then the production increased to 1.000 addapted rifles a month, so by 1863. Serbian army had some 15.000 converted percussion muskets. Improved international relations of Serbia after Crimean War and pro-Austrian policy of Prince Aleksandar Karađorđević enabled Serbia to import some modern percussion rifle from Europe through Austria, who gave it's permission in 1856. So, the Military Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, headed by artillery colonel Milivoje Petrović-Blaznavac, immediately ordered some modern (for the time) Minie rifles from the Belgian arms manufacturer Auguste Francotte & Co in Liege. The existing Francotte carbine of the Minie system, designed in 1849, was addapted according to Serbian (Milivoje Petrović's) specifications and put in production in 1856, so the new rifles were, somewhat confusingly, known as Minié-Petrović-Francotte rifle model 1849/56. In Serbia, they were officially called Vincennes rifles (), or simply Belgian carbines (). From 1856. to 1858, about 7.000 of these carbines arrived in Serbia through Austrian territory: in 1858, the fall of pro-Austrian government of Prince Aleksandar Karađorđević caused the Austrian government to immediately prohibit any further transport of weapons for Serbia, forcing the Serbian Government of Miloš Obrenović to cancel some already paid shipments, which were sold back in Belgium for a fraction of the price. Belgian carbines in Serbia Belgian carbines had French type of percussion lock, Minie rifled barrel Cal 17.8 mm with four rifled grooves and a posterior folding sights. Every rifle was equipped with a yatagan-sword bayonet, similar to the French Model 1842 Bayonet. All the weapons were inspected and stamped in the Serbian Rifle Factory in Kragujevac. In 1861, the first military manual for use of these rifles was printed in Belgrade. Belgian carbines saw their first military use during the crisis of 1862, when some Ottoman soldiers killed a Serbian boy on Čukur-česma in Belgrade. That crime sparked massive riots of local Serbian