such as Lioce and Alfredo Cospito and its imposition is almost never revoked. In 2017, Lioce was put on trial for resisting the 41-bis regime by banging a plastic bottle against the bars of her cell; she was found not guilty because the isolation imposed under 41-bis meant that she was unable to disturb anyone. Thirty-one activists protesting outside the Court of L'Aquila in support of Lioce were arrested. In 2023, lawyers for Lioce reported that owing to the restrictive nature of 41-bis, she had only spoken to visitors for 15 hours over the course of one year. Her family told the media that when they visited she found it difficult to hold a conversation. 41-bis has been condemned by both Amnesty International and the European Court of Human Rights. References Red Brigades University of Bari alumni