of the university staff he was transferred to the bolshevik-held Voronezh. At the newly set-up local university and in somewhat chaotic circumstances he held various teaching roles, until in the spring of 1919 he was nominated head of the governorate's state archive. Escape from Russia; Czechoslovakia In October 1919 Voronezh was taken over by counter-revolutionary troops. Lappo seized the opportunity and together with the family (he was married and had one son) he left the city towards the Black Sea coast. In 1920 in Novorossiysk he boarded a British evacuation ship and sailed to Greece, soon to move to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes; he was financially aided by the British. In 1921 Lappo moved to Prague and contributed to setup of the Russian University, which opened in 1923. He held various chairs in history, kept publishing articles, brochures and books. In the mid-1920s he started to co-operate with the Lithuanian ministry of foreign affairs and kept preparing various memoranda, supposed to provide historical backing to Lithuanian political claims, advanced during the diplomatic row against Poland. In Lithuania In the early 1930s Lappo applied for a post at the Kaunas University, but was rejected as he did not speak Lithuanian. However, thanks to support of president Smetona, in 1932 he was contracted to carry out work on the Lithuanian Statute and moved to Kaunas. Since 1933 he taught at the university as a privatdozent. In 1938, he was awarded the Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas III degree, "for services to Lithuania". In 1939 and at request of the university he was granted the Lithuanian citizenship. Following the fall of Poland in October 1939, Lappo was assigned to the newly set up Vilnius University, though he kept living in Kaunas. After the Soviet seizure of Lithuania new authorities terminated Lappo's contract, which left him in total financial misery. His status improved somewhat when following the German seizure of Lithuania in 1941 he was briefly employed as privatdozent at Vilnius University and then in 1942, he obtained a short-lived teaching contract. In unclear circumstances he left Lithuania and died in Dresden. Works Almost all of Lappo's historiographic output is related to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, though the perspective differed. During the first half of his academic career Lappo focused mostly on exploring the relations between the Duchy and the Kingdom of Poland, be it with regard to