respective scholars. Implementation in different countries The implementation of Deobandi fiqh in the Khanate of Kalat is one of the earliest examples of its use. In 1939, ruler Ahmad of Kalat requested that scholars from Darul Uloom Deoband be sent to Kalat to draft laws and create unity in Balochistan. Two scholars, Qari Muhammad Tayyib and Shamsul Haq Afghani, were dispatched to Kalat and after drafting laws, Shamsul Haq Afghani remained in Balochistan to take charge of the administration of religious affairs. Baloch youth went to Deobandi madrasas and Ahmad of Kalat founded a madrasa called Jamia Nasiriya to educate Baloch students. In 1942, the governor of Kalat instructed the head of Jamia Nasiriya to select thirty academically advanced students to send to Darul Uloom Deoband for further study. After completing their studies, the scholars returned to Balochistan and influenced the religious beliefs, customs, culture, and appearance of the Baloch people. Some of the Deobandi scholars served as judges in Balochistan, and some reached the highest judicial positions, namely Qazi-ul-Quzat (Chief justice). The Deobandi fiqh is extensively practiced in Afghanistan's judicial system. Additionally, this fiqh is also utilized in several countries for implementing Muslim personal law, issuing halal certificates, and in various other fields, through organizations such as the All Ceylon Jamiyyathul Ulama in Sri Lanka and the Muslim Judicial Council in South Africa. Afghanistan The Taliban is a Islamic militant group that emerged in Afghanistan in the early 1990s. Their interpretation of Islamic law, known as Sharia, is central to their ideology and political program. They gained control of Afghanistan in the mid-1990s and ruled the country until 2001, when they were ousted by a US-led coalition following the 9/11 attacks. After 20 years of war and a negotiated peace agreement with the US, the Taliban regained control of Afghanistan in August 2021, following the withdrawal of American troops. Since then, they have announced that they intend to establish an Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, and that Sharia law will be the basis for their governance. The Taliban's interpretation of Islamic law is largely based on the Deobandi school of Islamic jurisprudence and the Taliban's leadership includes many individuals who were educated in Deobandi madrasas (religious schools) in Pakistan and Afghanistan. The Taliban's interpretation of Deobandi fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) is notable for its strict enforcement of Islamic law, including harsh punishments for crimes such as adultery, theft, and murder. The