the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences 1960 American Academy of Arts and Sciences 1962 Dahl’s book Who Governs? is awarded the 1962 Woodrow Wilson Foundation Book Award. 1967 Fellow of the Center for Advanced Study in Behavioral Sciences 1972 National Academy of Sciences 1978 Guggenheim fellow 1990 Dahl's work Democracy and Its Critics (1989) won the Woodrow Wilson Foundation Book Award. 1995 Dahl was the first recipient of the Johan Skytte Prize in Political Science in 1995. 2016 Robert A. Dahl Award was established in honor of Dr. Robert Dahl by the American Political Science Association in 2016. American Philosophical Society British Academy (as a corresponding fellow). Academic research Early writings and pluralism Dahl's influential early books include A Preface to Democratic Theory (1956), Who Governs? (1961), and Pluralist Democracy in the United States (1967), which presented pluralistic explanations for political rule in the United States. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, he was involved in an academic disagreement with C. Wright Mills over the nature of politics in the United States. Mills held that America's governments are in the grasp of a unitary and demographically narrow power elite. Dahl responded that there are many different elites involved, who have to work both in contention and in compromise with one another. If this is not democracy in a populist sense, Dahl contended, it is at least polyarchy (or pluralism). In perhaps his best known work, Who Governs? (1961), he examines the power structures (both formal and informal) in the city of New Haven, Connecticut, as a case study, and finds that it supports this view. From the late 1960s onwards, his conclusions were challenged by scholars such as G. William Domhoff and Charles E. Lindblom (a friend and colleague of Dahl). Writing on power and influence One of his many contributions is his explication of the varieties of power, which he defines as A getting B to do what A wants. Dahl prefers the more neutral "influence terms" (Michael G. Roskin), which he arrayed on a scale from best to worst: Rational persuasion, the nicest form of influence, means telling the truth and explaining why someone should do something, like a doctor convincing a patient to stop smoking. Manipulative persuasion, a notch lower, means lying or misleading to get someone to do something. Inducement, still lower, means offering rewards or punishments to get someone to do