The style spread into northern Spain and as far as Cyprus (which was a French cultural outpost at the time). French, Flemish, Spanish and Italian composers used the style. Notational characteristics Manuscripts of works in the ars subtilior occasionally were themselves in unusual and expressive shapes, as a form of eye music. As well as Baude Cordier's circular canon and the heart-shaped score shown above, Jacob Senleches's La Harpe de melodie is written in the shape of a harp. List of composers The main composers of the ars subtilior (those from whom at least three compositions in this style are known) are Anthonello de Caserta, Johannes Cuvelier, Egidius, Galiot, Matteo da Perugia, Philipoctus de Caserta, Jacob Senleches, and Trebor. Other composers associated with the style include: Johannes Ciconia, Sus un fontayne Baude Cordier, Tout par compas (Rondeau-canon) and Belle bonne sage Martinus Fabri Paolo da Firenze Guido de Lange, Dieux gart (Rondeau) Johannes Symonis Hasprois Matheus de Sancto Johanne Solage, Fumeux fume par fumée (Rondeau) Antonio Zacara da Teramo, Sumite karissime Anonymous composers at the Nicosia court of King Janus of Cyprus Examples References Sources Albright, Daniel. 2004. Modernism and Music: An Anthology of Sources. University of Chicago Press. . Apel, Willi. 1973. "The Development of French Secular Music During the Fourteenth Century". Musica Disciplina 27:41–59. Günther, Ursula. 1960. "Die Anwendung der Diminution in der Handschrift Chantilly 1047". Archiv für Musikwissenschaft 17:1–21. Hoppin, Richard H. 1978. Medieval Music. New York, W.W. Norton & Co., 1978. . Josephson, Nors S. 2001. "Ars Subtilior". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers. Further reading Apel, Willi. 1950. "French Secular Music of the Late Fourteenth Century". Mediaeval Academy of America. text online Berger, Anna Maria Busse. 2002. "The Evolution of Rhythmic Notation". In The Cambridge History of Western Music Theory, edited by Thomas Street Christensen, 628–56. The Cambridge History of Music. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Fallows, David. "Ars nova" in The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie. 20 vol. London, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 1980. . Gleason, Harold, and Warren Becker, Music in the Middle Ages and Renaissance Music Literature Outlines Series I. Bloomington, Indiana. Frangipani Press, 1986. . Günther, Ursula. 1963. "Das Ende der Ars Nova". Die Musikforschung 16:105–120. Günther, Ursula. 1964. "Zur Biographie einiger Komponisten der Ars Subtilior". Archiv für Musikwissenschaft 21:172–99. Günther, Ursula. 1965. The