Names of Jerusalem refers to the multiple names by which the city of Jerusalem has been known and the etymology of the word in different languages. According to the Jewish Midrash, "Jerusalem has 70 names". Lists have been compiled of 72 different Hebrew names for Jerusalem in Jewish scripture. Today, Jerusalem is called Yerushalayim () and Al-Quds (). Yerushalayim is a derivation of a much older name, recorded as early as in the Middle Bronze Age, which has however been repeatedly re-interpreted in folk etymology, notably in Biblical Greek, where the first element of the name came to be associated with (hieros, "holy"). The city is also known especially among religious-minded Muslims as Bayt al-Maqdis (), referring to the Temple in Jerusalem, called Beit HaMikdash in Hebrew. Early extra-biblical and biblical names Jerusalem A city called Ꜣwšꜣmm in the Execration texts of the Middle Kingdom of Egypt (c. 19th century BCE) and typically reconstructed as (U)Rušalim is usually identified as Jerusalem. Alternatively, the name may be etymologised as r'š (head) + rmm (exalted), meaning 'the exalted head', and not referring to Jerusalem. Jerusalem is called either () or () in the Amarna letters of Abdi-Heba (1330s BCE). The Sumero-Akkadian name for Jerusalem, uru-salim, is variously etymologised to mean "foundation of [or: by] the god Shalim": from West Semitic yrw, ‘to found, to lay a cornerstone’, and Shalim, the Canaanite god of the setting sun and the nether world, as well as of health and perfection. Jerusalem is the name most commonly used in the Bible, and the name used by most of the Western World. The Biblical Hebrew form is Yerushalaim (), adopted in Biblical Greek as Hierousalēm, Ierousalēm (), or Hierosolyma, Ierosolyma (), and in early Christian Bibles as Syriac Ūrišlem () as well as Latin or . In Arabic, this name occurs in the form Ūrsālim () which is the Arabic name promoted by the Israeli government. The name "Shalem", whether as a town or a deity, is derived from the same root Š-L-M as the word "shalom", meaning peace, so that the common interpretation of the name is now "The City of Peace" or "Abode of Peace". The ending -ayim indicates the dual in Hebrew, thus leading to the suggestion that the name refers to the two hills on which the city sits. However, the pronunciation of the last syllable as -ayim appears to be a late