the 16th and 17th century baroque style of riding. The Thoroughbreds and Anglo Arabians are used for the Grand Prix dressage, and perform individually, pas de deux (two horses), pas de trois (three horses), and dûe quantité (four or more horses). They may be either displayed in hand or ridden. The Selle Français are used to display the 'airs above the ground.' See also Other "Big Four" academies: Spanish Riding School of Vienna Portuguese School of Equestrian Art Royal Andalusian School of Equestrian Art Bibliography Jacques Perrier et Durand (dir.), L'Épopée du Cadre noir de Saumur, Lavauzelle, 1994, 110 p. () Roger Gaborieau (ill. Alain Laurioux), Le Cadre noir de Saumur, École nationale d'équitation, 1996, 39 p. Patrice Franchet d'Espèrey, Le Cadre noir de Saumur, Paris, Arthaud, 1999, 159 p. () References External links Official site of the French National Riding School and the Cadre Noir of Saumur Official site (French) Dressage schools and teams Maine-et-Loire 1828 establishments in France