kind of double-coding, and as a transhistorical phenomenon: Novelist David Foster Wallace in his 1990 essay "E Unibus Pluram: Television and U.S. Fiction" makes the connection between the rise of postmodernism and the rise of television with its tendency toward self-reference and the ironic juxtaposition of what's seen and what's said. This, he claims, explains the preponderance of pop culture references in postmodern literature: Hans-Peter Wagner offers this approach to defining postmodern literature: See also Postmodernism Hysterical realism Metafiction List of postmodern critics List of postmodern novels List of postmodern writers References Further reading Barthes, Roland (1975). The Pleasure of the Text, New York: Hill and Wang. Barthes, Roland (1968). Writing Degree Zero, New York: Hill and Wang. Foucault, Michel (1983). This is Not a Pipe. Berkeley: University of California Press. Hoover, Paul. ed. (1994). Postmodern American Poetry: A Norton Anthology. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. Jameson, Fredric (1991). Postmodernism, or, the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism () Lyotard, Jean-François (1984) The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge () Lyotard, Jean-François (1988). The Postmodern Explained: Correspondence 1982–1985. Ed. Julian Pefanis and Morgan Thomas. () Magliola, Robert (1997), On Deconstructing Life-Worlds: Buddhism, Christianity, Culture (Lafayette: Purdue University Press, 1997; Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000; ). This book's long and experimental first part is an application of Derridean "oto-biography" to postmodern life-writing. 20th-century literature 1950s in literature 1960s in literature 1970s in literature 1980s in literature 1990s in literature 2000s in literature 2010s in literature