notion of military monasticism became so popular because of the advocacy of St. Bernard of Clairvaux, who believed that existing Christian methods of serving the Church's ends in the war were inadequate and that a group of dedicated warrior monks, who achieved spiritual merit and served God through waging war, was necessary. In his view, advancing the cause of Christendom was an end that justified means that might fall outside the bounds of just war. These orders largely declined with the loss of Outremer in the 1200s - except for the Teutonic Order, which transferred itself to the Baltic where it took up a major role in the Baltic Crusades. Western Christian orders in the modern era Many distinct monastic orders developed within Roman Catholicism and Protestantism. Monastic communities in the West, broadly speaking, are organized into orders and congregations guided by a particular religious rule, such as the Rule of St Augustine or especially Rule of St Benedict. Eastern Orthodoxy does not have a system of orders per se, though some of the Eastern Catholic Churches do. Roman Catholicism Benedictines, founded in 529 by Saint Benedict at Monte Cassino, stresses manual labor in a self-sufficient monastery. They are an order of independent monastic communities. Cluniacs, a Benedictine movement at its height c.950-c.1130 Camaldolese, founded c.1000 Saint Romuald of Ravenna. Vallombrosans, founded c. 1038 by Saint Gualberto Visdomini. Carthusians, also known as the Order of Saint Bruno, founded 1084 by Saint Bruno of Cologne. Open to both sexes; combines eremitical and cenobitic life. Cistercians, also referred to as the Order of Saint Bernard, founded in 1098 by Saint Robert of Molesme. Premonstratensians, also known as Norbertines, founded in 1120 by Saint Norbert of Xanten. Paulines, founded in Hungary in 1225 by Blessed Eusebius. Celestines, founded in 1244 and originally called Hermits of Saint Damiano, or Moronites (or Murronites). Became known as Celestines after their founder was elected Pope and took the name Celestine V. Olivetans or the Order of Our Lady of Mount Olivet, founded in 1313 by Bernardo Tolomei (born Giovanni Tolomei) along with two of his friends from the noble families of Siena, Patrizio Patrizi and Ambrogio Piccolomini. Bridgettines, founded in 1344 by Saint Bridget of Sweden. Hieronymites, founded in Spain in 1364, by an eremitic community formally known as the Order of Saint Jerome. Minims, officially known as the Order of Minims, founded in 1435 by Saint