treatment of the plain torsion problem for multiply-connected domains, published in 1943. This method is now one of the ways to solve partial differential equations numerically. Courant is a namesake of the Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy condition and the Courant minimax principle. Courant was an elected member of both the American Philosophical Society (1953) and the United States National Academy of Sciences (1955). Courant died of a stroke in New Rochelle, New York on January 27, 1972. Perspective on mathematics Commenting upon his analysis of experimental results from in-laboratory soap film formations, Courant explained why the existence of a physical solution does not obviate mathematical proof. Here is a quote from Courant on his mathematical perspective: Personal life In 1912, Courant married Nelly Neumann, who had earned her doctorate at Breslau in synthetic geometry in 1909. They lived together in Göttingen until they were divorced in 1916. She was later murdered by the Nazis in 1942 for being Jewish. In 1919, Courant married Nerina (Nina) Runge (1891–1991), a daughter of the Göttingen professor for Applied Mathematics, Carl Runge (of Runge–Kutta fame). Richard and Nerina had four children: Ernest, a particle physicist and innovator in particle accelerators; Gertrude (1922–2014), a PhD biologist and wife of the mathematician Jürgen Moser (1928–1999); Hans (1924-2019 ), a physicist who participated in the Manhattan Project; and Leonore (known as "Lori," 1928–2015), a professional violist and wife of the mathematician Jerome Berkowitz (1928–1998) and subsequently wife of mathematician Peter Lax until her death. Publications (archive) (translated from German: Methoden der mathematischen Physik I, 2nd ed, 1931) (translated from German: Methoden der mathematischen Physik II, 1937) References Sources External links Biographical memoir – by Peter Lax Oral History interview transcript with Richard Courant on 9 May 1962, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir 2015 Video Interview with Hans Courant by Atomic Heritage Foundation Voices of the Manhattan Project US News Rankings of Applied Mathematics Programs 1888 births 1972 deaths 20th-century American mathematicians 20th-century German mathematicians German military personnel of World War I Mathematical analysts Mathematics popularizers Foreign Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States Silesian Jews University of Göttingen alumni Academic staff of the University of Münster Academics of the University of Cambridge New York University faculty People associated with the University of Zurich University of Breslau alumni People from the Province