consumer data. Also in November 2018, Uber's British divisions were fined £385,000 (reduced to £308,000) by the Information Commissioner's Office. In 2020, the US Department of Justice announced criminal charges against former Chief Security Officer Joe Sullivan for obstruction of justice. The criminal complaint said Sullivan arranged, with Kalanick's knowledge, to pay a ransom for the 2016 breach as a "bug bounty" to conceal its true nature, and for the hackers to falsify non-disclosure agreements to say they had not obtained any data. Privacy In July 2017, Uber received a five-star privacy rating from the Electronic Frontier Foundation, but was harshly criticised by the group in September 2017 for a controversial policy of tracking customers' locations even after a ride ended, forcing the company to reverse its policy. 2022 leak documenting misdeeds More than 124,000 Uber documents covering the five-year period from 2012 to 2017 when Uber was run by its co-founder Travis Kalanick were leaked by Mark MacGann, a lobbyist who "led Uber's efforts to win over governments across Europe, the Middle East and Africa", to The Guardian newspaper and first printed on 10 July 2022 by its Sunday sister The Observer. The documents revealed attempts to lobby Joe Biden, Olaf Scholz and George Osborne; how Emmanuel Macron secretly aided Uber lobbying in France, and use of a kill switch during police raids to conceal data. Kalanick dismissed concerns from other executives that sending Uber drivers to a protest in France put them at risk of violence from angry opponents in the taxi industry, saying "I think it's worth it, violence guarantees success". References Further reading Scholarly papers Books Isaac, Mike (2019). Super Pumped: The Battle for Uber. New York. . Articles The Uber whistleblower: I’m exposing a system that sold people a lie. The Guardian. July 11, 2022. Further viewing Playing by the Rules: Ethics at Work: Season 3 Episode 1: "Driven" PBS External links 2009 establishments in California 2019 initial public offerings American brands American companies established in 2009 Companies based in San Francisco Location-based software Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange Ridesharing companies of the United States Transport companies established in 2009 Transport Network Companies