and described 38 drum hammers. The drum hammer was used for both trance drumming and, together with the vuorbi, for divination. The vuorbi ('index' or 'pointer'; Northern Sámi vuorbi, bajá or árpa; Southern Sámi viejhkie) used for divination was made of brass, horn or bone, and sometimes of wood. The cords are leather straps nailed or tied to the frame, or to the bottom of the drum. They had pieces of bone or metal tied to them. The owner of the Freavnantjahke gievrie, Bendix Andersen Frøyningsfjell, explained to Thomas von Westen in 1723 that the leather straps and their decorations of tin, bone and brass were offers of gratitude to the drum, given by the owner as a response to good luck gained via the messages the shaman received when using the drum. The frame of the Freavnantjahke gievrie also had 11 tin nails in it, in a cross shape. Bendix explained them as an indicator of the number of bears killed thanks to instructions given by the drum. Manker found similar bear nails in 13 drums. Other drums had a baculum from a bear or a fox among the cords. Using the drum Ernst Manker summarized the use of the drum, regarding both trance and divination: before use, the membrane was tightened by holding the drum close to the fire the user stood on his knees, or sat with his legs crossed, holding the drum in his left hand the vuorbi was placed on the membrane, either in a fixed starting place or one chosen at random the hammer was held in the right hand; the membrane was struck either with one of the hammer heads, or with the flat side of the hammer the drumming started at a slow pace, and grew wilder if the drummer fell into a trance, his drum was placed upon him, with the painted membrane facing downwards the route of the vuorbi across the membrane, and the places where it stopped, were interpreted as significant Samuel Rheen, who was a priest in Kvikkjokk 1664–1671, was one of the first to write about Sámi religion. His impression was that many Sámi, but not all, used the drum for divination. Rheen mentioned four kinds of things the drum could give: knowledge about what was happening elsewhere knowledge about luck, misfortune, health, and illness curing diseases advice on which deity one should sacrifice unto Of these