temporary visa. Since 2001, SCV holders who want to become Australian citizens must first apply for and obtain a permanent visa under one of the migration programs. Benefits and limitations Benefits of permanent resident status include: Few limitations on employment in Australia. Some job opportunities, largely federal governmental work, require citizenship as opposed to permanent residence. The right to apply for Australian citizenship after fulfilling some criteria. For permanent residents accepted under the humanitarian program and enrolled in a Commonwealth supported place, the right to defer payment of their student contribution under the HECS-HELP scheme. The right to sponsor relatives for permanent residence, subject to fulfilling residence criteria and assurance of support requirements. Children born inside Australia will be Australian citizens by birth. The right to access medical and social security benefits, though there is a 2-year waiting period for some benefits. The right to travel to New Zealand without applying for a New Zealand visa. (This right is granted by the New Zealand government.) Unrestricted rights to live, work and study in New Zealand. (This right is granted by the New Zealand government.) Permanent residents do not have the right to vote in federal, state or territory elections, unless they were “British subjects” and registered to vote prior to 1984, but may vote in some local government elections. Permanent residents are not entitled to an Australian passport. See also Australian nationality law Permanent residency References External links Guide for a successful application to the Australian residency A Guide to Australia Permanent Residency: What You Need to Know Society of Australia Australian migration law