was given to the unfree, which reflects the lack of dependence upon slaves as opposed to other societies, such as Ancient Rome. The laws discuss slaves, both male and female, and the term for a female slave, , became a broader currency term. As unfree, slaves could not be legal agents either for themselves or others. In addition to the wholly unfree, a few individuals were semi-free. The (hereditary serf) was bound to work the land of his master, whereas the had no independent status or land of his own, but could at least leave as he might desire. Others might be of less than full status, based on age or origin. The status of children was based on their parents, and they could not act independently. The rights of sons increased with age, but they did not fully increase until after the death of the father. A young son just out on his own was called a (a man of middle huts), apparently, someone who occupied a hut on his father's land. These persons were semi-independent but did not have the full honour price of a free man until they reached 20. Even after a certain age, a "Son of a Living Father" was expected to be dutiful to his father and could only set up an independent household with his father's permission. In addition, those from outside a normally had a low status, as status was based not only on property but also on familial connections. There are two main ranks of commoners, the (lit. "young lord") and ("cow lord"), though Binchy thinks the is a recent offshoot of the latter, who had less property but was still a freeman. In addition are the (a of quality who had an honour-price of 5 ). The highest commoner was the ("land man"). Either of the last, according to Binchy, may be the "normal " who appears within the law texts. The three ranks of commoners, at least according to the status tract, vary in the type of clientship they undertook and the property they could hold, though it is unclear how this worked in practice. Commoners apparently had to co-operate in farming as they did not have enough property to own a whole plough-share or all the rights in a mill. Above these are a series of lords who apparently had clients of their own—the primary factor in lordship—as