other 4th century Fathers, Gregory of Nyssa, following "a certain apocryphal account", and Augustine, advanced a further argument by reading as a vow of perpetual virginity on Mary's part; this idea, first introduced in the Protoevangelium of James, has little scholarly support today, but it and the arguments advanced by Jerome and Ambrose were put forward by Pope John Paul II in his catechesis of August 28, 1996, as the four facts supporting the Catholic Church's ongoing faith in Mary's perpetual virginity. It has been argued from John 19, where Jesus entrusts Mary to the disciple John instead of his brothers, to support the view that Jesus had no brothers, however Protestants have generally argued in two ways against this passage, one by claiming that the brothers of Jesus were unbelievers or that they weren't present during the crucifixion. Some have argued that Mary and Joseph couldn't have had a normal marriage if Mary remained a perpetual virgin, however it has been argued by some Catholics that there is evidence that celibacy within marriage was already practiced by the Qumran community and other Jews at that time. See also Anglican Marian theology Antidicomarians Assumption of Mary Catholic Mariology Immaculate Conception Lutheran Mariology New Eve Panachranta (icon) Virgin birth of Jesus Notes References Citations Bibliography Anglican theology and doctrine Assyrian Church of the East Catholic theology and doctrine Christian terminology Eastern Orthodox Mariology Eastern Orthodox theology Lutheran theology Marian dogmas Methodism Non-sexuality Sexuality in Christianity Virginity