The St. Joseph River (Miami-Illinois: Kociihsasiipi) is an tributary of the Maumee River in northwestern Ohio and northeastern Indiana in the United States, with headwater tributaries rising in southern Michigan. It drains a primarily rural farming region in the watershed of Lake Erie. The St. Joseph River of Lake Michigan is an entirely separate river that rises in western Michigan, dips into Indiana, and flows west into Lake Michigan. Origin At the end of the Wisconsin glaciation, the glacier's Erie Lobe retreated toward the northeast, leaving large debris deposits called moraines. The St. Joseph formed as a meltwater channel between the north limbs of two of these moraines, the Wabash Moraine on the west and the Fort Wayne Moraine on the east. At that time it joined the St. Marys River to drain into the Wabash River. Later, the shrinkage of Glacial Lake Maumee, the ancestor of modern Lake Erie, brought about the opening of the modern Maumee River, which captured the flow of the St. Joseph and the St. Marys, causing the St. Marys to reverse its course to meet the flow of the St. Joseph almost head-on. The St. Joseph today The St. Joseph River forms in northern Williams County, Ohio, at the confluence of the East and West branches at . Both branches rise in southern Hillsdale County, Michigan. The headwaters of the East Branch are within of those of the St. Joseph River of Lake Michigan. Both branches initially flow southeast, then turn to the southwest to flow across the northwestern corner of Ohio past Montpelier. The St. Joseph enters De Kalb County in northeastern Indiana, flowing southwest past Saint Joe and into the city of Fort Wayne, where it meets the St. Marys River to form the Maumee River at . The US Army Corps of Engineers built a flood control project in Fort Wayne that includes a floodwall and upper roadway along the St. Joseph River. (See photo) Tributaries From the mouth: (left) Becketts Run (right) Tiernan Ditch (left) Ely Run (left) Cedar Creek Cedarville Reservoir (left) Nettlehorst Ditch (left) Warner Ditch (right) Wittmer Ditch (right) Haifley Ditch (left) Swartz-Carnahan Ditch Dunton Lake (right) Boger Ditch (left) Metcalf Ditch (right) Walker Ditch (left) Dilley Ditch (left) Wade Ditch (left) Bear Creek (right) North Branch Hursey Ditch (right) Carper Ditch (left) South Branch Hursey Ditch (right) Swander Ditch (right) Nancy Davis Ditch (left) Sol Shank