to the leader of that institution. Jiàoshòu 教授 (instruct confer; confer instruction), when addressing a professor. Xiānshēng 先生 (born before), when addressing a teacher, currently less used but still remains legitimate The use of the term equivalent of "Doctorate / doctor" (博士, bóshì) is less common in Chinese as it is in English. The term boshi is used both as an honorific title and a name for the degree. Like in English, holders of a doctorate can have the title added to their names (but at the end instead of before), but use of the undistinguishing xiānshēng or nǚshì (or professional titles such as jiàoshòu) is much more prevalent. Government and politics Shūjì 书记 (secretary): Leaders and representatives of the communist committees or organizations. Currently, the Head of the Chinese Communist Party is called General Secretary (Zǒngshūjì, 总书记). Zhǔxí 主席 (chairman): Leaders of certain organizations such as political parties use this title. Notably, it applied to Chairman Mao Zedong who was referred to as Máo Zhǔxí (毛主席) as the Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party. Wěiyuán 委员 (delegate): This term can be used to refer to any member of a committee or council. This was especially prevalent in the system of party and state committees the Kuomintang used to govern China in the 1930s and 1940s. The Chinese Communist Party also operates under a system of parallel committees, but prefer the more proletarian term tóngzhì (e.g. members of the Legislative Yuan are all addressed as lifa weiyuan, legislative delegates, and individually as surname+weiyuan or more formally surname+wěiyuán+given name+nushi/xiansheng). Tóngzhì 同志 (comrade): This term is commonly used by political party members to address each other. Its use expanded to all segments of society during the rule of Mao Zedong. It is still used by leaders of the Chinese Communist Party on formal occasions, and to a much lesser degree, leaders of the Kuomintang. Medicine Yīshēng (i-seng) 醫生 (medical scholar), most commonly used when addressing a doctor; used for practitioners of both Western and traditional Chinese medicine. Yīshī 醫師 (medical master), is a more formal title when addressing a practitioner of traditional Chinese medicine, but is also used for doctors and for practitioners of both Western and traditional Chinese medicine in Taiwan. Láukun 老君 (old lord), is a common Hokkien term for Doctor influenced by Taoism and is mainly used in Southeast Asia but can also mean wise man. Dàfū 大夫 (great