joint usually carved from horn that extends at approximately 45 degrees from the bottom of the chanter. Closed Bore A chanter with a closed end at the bottom of the chanter. When all the finger holes are closed, the chanter cannot sound, allowing the player to play staccato. The Uilleann pipe achieves the same end by having the player rest the chanter on the leg, with the advantage that the lowest note remains available. Closed Fingering A fingering system that generally involves only one or two fingers being lifted for any particular note. College of Piping Establish in 1944 by Seumas MacNeill and Thomas Pearston. Located in Glasgow, Scotland, it published the monthly Piping Times, hosted a small museum, and ran an active and charitable teaching program. From 1953 it published an instructional method titled TUTOR FOR THE HIGHLAND BAGPIPE PART 1, broadly referred to as "The Green Book." The College was acquired by and incorporated into the National Piping Centre in 2018. Combing and Beading Decorative turnings consisting of more or less tightly spaced narrow circular grooves found on drones, mostly on Great Highland pipes. Cords Decorative cords with tassels are used to link or tie the three drones of the Highland bagpipe together. Cran An Uilleann piping ornament, consisting of a series of gracenotes of varying pitch over a low note, most commonly bottom D. Crow A distinctive sound made when a chanter reed is blown in the mouth. The crow can often give clues as to the potential performance of the reed. Crunluath The crunluath variation in piobaireachd consists of a series of crunluath movements played on the theme notes of the melody. The movement itself is a dramatic set of seven gracenotes which bring the tune to a climax. Crunluath a Mach An occasional extension of the crunluath variation, with rhythmical and melodic changes, and a slight increase in tempo, creating a spectacular finish to a piobaireachd. Cut (i) An old term for a single gracenote; (ii) to reduce the length of a note in a way not easily described by conventional music notation - for example, the cut note in a strathspey, normally rendered as a semiquaver, is described as cut and the resulting note is much shorter. D Dirk A dagger, approximately long, normally only worn by Highland bagpipers in full dress. Dithis Piobaireachd variation. Pronounced "gee-eesh" with a glottal stop, though this depends