rise of Nazism in Germany. In 1934 he resigned as president of the Silesian Society for Patriotic Culture, a learned association that he had headed since 1927. In 1935, under new legislation, Kroll was retired earlier than usual. As his successor he opted for his long-time colleague Hans Drexler who had been an active supporter of the Nazi party. Drexler would later write Kroll's obituary in the Gnomon, apologising for his predecessor's alleged ″lack of a positive world view″. While not being a victim of the Nuremberg Laws himself, Kroll witnessed the removal of his colleagues from office and the persecution of his former pupils, some of whom he aided in finding work abroad. He also continued to collaborate with Jewish scholars in editing the Realencyclopädie. For this Kroll was assaulted in the Nazi newspaper Der Stürmer, after he had already relocated to Berlin with his wife early in 1937. Meanwhile, academic institutions continued to appreciate and honor Kroll's achievement. He was elected ordinary member of the German Archeological Institute in 1934, corresponding member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in 1935 and fellow of the British Academy in 1937. He was also awarded honorary degrees by the universities of Oxford (1935) and Cambridge (1938). After an operation, Kroll died to an embolism on April 21, 1939. He was survived by his wife, a daughter and three sons, one of whom had emigrated to Japan in 1936 and later became a renowned physicist at the University of Taipei. Literary works An editor of the "Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft" (since 1906; after August Pauly, Georg Wissowa) Geschichte der klassischen Philologie. 1908; 2. verb. Aufl. Vereining. wissenschaftl. Verl., Berlin und Leipzig 1919 (Sammlung Göschen, 367) C. Valerius Catullus. 1922; 7. Aufl. Teubner, Stuttgart 1989, Die wissenschaftliche Syntax im lateinischen Unterricht. Weidmann, 1925 Studien zum Verständnis der römischen Literatur. Metzler, Stuttgart 1924 Nachdruck Garland, New York und London 1978, Die Kultur der ciceronischen Zeit. 2 Teile. Dieterich, Leipzig 1933 Nachdruck Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1975, Rhetorik, 1937 Critical editions Vettii Valentis Anthologiarum Libri, Guilelmus Kroll, Weidman, Berlin, 1908. Matheseos Libri VIII, 2 vols., ed. W. Kroll, F. Skutsch and K. Ziegler, Teubner, Stuttgart, 1897–1913. Historia Alexandri Magni, ed. W. Kroll, vol. 1. Weidmann, Berlin, 1926. See also Cicero August Pauly Wilhelm Siegmund Teuffel Vettius Valens Georg Wissowa Notes References Udo W. Scholz: Die Breslauer klassische Philologie und die Realenzyklopädie der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft. In: Jahrbuch