withdrew, after successive incursions on the Algarve coast, to São Marcos da Serra, transforming this location, alongside Santana da Serra in the neighboring municipality of Ourique, into the headquarters of the antiliberal guerrilla. After the defeat of Miguel in 1834, Remexido found himself savagely persecuted, and took refuge in the mountains of the Algarve. On the outskirts of São Marcos da Serra is the so-called Cabana do Remexido (Remexido's Hut), where it is said that the famous antiliberal Miguelist, commander of legitimist guerrillas who spread fear and violence throughout the region, was captured. The victory of the liberal revolution made São Marcos da Serra benefit from all the changes, namely with the arrival of the railroad that brought with it the development of this modest village, resulting in the emergence of an industry (gristmills), complementary equipment (inn), and a new cemetery. From the middle of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, the population increase forced the construction of new neighborhoods, new streets and blocks. The 1950 Portuguese census marks the highest number of inhabitants São Marcos da Serra ever had until then, with a record-high 4,179 population assessed at the time. The construction of a new two-room primary school in the mid-twentieth century reflects a population that was already stabilized, but that would soon feel the weight of people's flight to both coastal cities and as emigrants abroad. Already experiencing a continuously declining population, with the events of the Carnation Revolution in 1974 when a large number of destitute refugees from the collapsed overseas Portuguese Empire arrived to Portugal, the village's population unexpectedly grew more than 40% in a short time between the 1970s and the early 1980s but in the following years it appeared to resume its decline. Since 1999, putative apparitions of the Virgin Mary as Our Lady Mother of Goodness (Nossa Senhora da Bondade) were reported near São Marcos da Serra, resulting in some worldwide notoriety, in particular by the Catholic youth and priests. Although these allegedly paranormal events resulted in pilgrimages by some faithful to northern Algarve, the Holy See has never officially recognized these so-called Marian apparitions. Throughout the 2000s, São Marcos da Serra populational decline continued and the village cemented its status as a satellite village of the larger and better developed town of São Bartolomeu de Messines. In 2011, the same year that according to the 2011 census the