arm and can prevent pregnancy for up to 3 years. The failure rate is 0.1%. The patch is another simple option, it is a skin patch containing the hormones progestin and estrogen that is absorbed into the blood stream preventing pregnancy. The patch is typically worn on the lower abdomen and replaced once a week. The failure rate is 7%. The hormonal vaginal contraceptive ring is a ring that contains the hormones progestin and estrogen that a woman inserts into the vagina. It is replaced once a month and has a failure rate of 7%. Barrier methods The diaphragm or cervical cap is used to prevent sperm from entering the uterus. It is a small shallow cup-like cap that is inserted into the vagina with spermicide to cover the cervix and block sperm from entering the uterus. It is inserted before sex and comes in different sizes with a failure rate of 17%. A sponge can also be used as a contraceptive method; the contraceptive sponge contains spermicide and is inserted into the vagina and placed over the cervix to prevent sperm from entering the uterus. The sponge must be kept in place 6 hours after intercourse and can be removed and discarded. The failure rate for women who have had a baby before is 27%; For those who have not had a baby, the failure rate is 14%. The male condom is typically made of latex (but other materials are available, such as lambskin, to avoid allergies). The male condom is placed over the male's penis and prevents the sperm from entering the partner's body. It can prevent pregnancy, STDs, and HIV if used appropriately. Male condoms can only be used once and are easily accessible at local stores in most countries. The failure rate is 13%. The female condom is worn by the woman; it is inserted into the vagina and prevents the sperm from entering her body. It can help prevent STDs and can be inserted up to 8 hours before intercourse. The failure rate is 21%. Other methods Spermicides come in various forms such as: gels, foams, creams, film, suppositories, or tablets. The spermicides create an environment in which sperm can no longer live; they are typically used in addition to the male condom, diaphragm, or cervical cap. They can be used by themselves by putting them into the vagina no more than an hour before