Each gang possessed a hierarchy as well as their own means of punishment; cigarette burns were considered a minor punishment for stealing a boyfriend or disrespecting a senior member. were reported to engage in activities such as stimulant use, shoplifting, theft, and violence, but if arrested, could be charged with the lesser offence of "pre-delinquency". Stimulants use often included sniffing paint thinner or glue. Media and cultural influence In the 1970s and 1980s, became popular characters in manga. characters could also be seen in manga publications. , Tales of Yajikita College and were three popular series that had a mostly cast. Pink film director Norifumi Suzuki made the first films in the seven-film Girl Boss () series. He also started the four-film Terrifying Girls' High School series (1971–1972) featuring characters. Both series featured prominent Pinky violent actresses Reiko Ike and Miki Sugimoto, as well as former beauty queen Reiko Oshida. On December 6, 2005, Panik House company released a four-disc region-1 DVD collection surveying films entitled The Pinky Violence Collection. These films challenged traditional constructions of gender and female sexuality in postwar Japan. Japanese crime writer Jake Adelstein said with regards to : See also References Bibliography Weisser, Yuko Mihara. (2001). "Japanese Fighting Divas 101". Asian Cult Cinema #31, 2nd Quarter 2001. Ashcraft, Brian with Ueda Shoko. (2010). "Japanese Schoolgirl Confidential: How teenage girls made a nation cool". Kodansha. Female stock characters in anime and manga Japanese words and phrases Japanese subcultures Slang terms for women Juvenile delinquency in fiction Women in Japan Crime in Japan