streamways or natural seepages that may be occupying burrowing crayfish. Urban developments including the creation of roads and drain ways, pollution of waterways and the removal of habitat. Introduction of invasive species which may lead to competition for food and habitat, predation or the introduction of parasites that were not there previously. All of these activities impact on the quality of water, vegetation and soil quality and therefore create undesirable environments for the burrowing crayfish to inhabit. It is important to note that these activities are detrimental to the genus long term, they are significantly more damaging during periods where the burrowing crayfish are vulnerable such as during moulting, breeding, on the surface or caring for offspring. All of the 35 species of Engaeus have been assessed for the IUCN Red List: Data deficient Engaeus affinis Smith & Schuster, 1913 Engaeus curvisuturus Horwitz, 1990 Engaeus karnanga Horwitz, 1990 Engaeus laevis (Clark, 1941) Engaeus nulloporius Horwitz, 1990 Critically endangered Engaeus granulatus Horwitz, 1990 – central north burrowing crayfish Engaeus mallacoota Horwitz, 1990 – Mallacoota burrowing crayfish Engaeus spinicaudatus Horwitz, 1990 – Scottsdale burrowing crayfish Engaeus sternalis (Clark, 1936) – Warragul burrowing crayfish Endangered species Engaeus disjuncticus Horwitz, 1990 Engaeus martigener Horwitz, 1990 – Furneaux burrowing crayfish Engaeus phyllocercus Smith & Schuster, 1913 – Narracan burrowing crayfish Vulnerable species Engaeus rostrogaleatus Horwitz, 1990 – Strzelecki burrowing crayfish Engaeus urostrictus Riek, 1969 Engaeus yabbimunna Horwitz, 1994 – Burnie burrowing crayfish Near threatened Engaeus australis Riek, 1969 – lilly pilly burrowing crayfish Engaeus orramakunna Horwitz, 1990 – Mount Arthur burrowing crayfish Engaeus victoriensis Smith & Schuster, 1913 Least concern Engaeus cisternarius Suter, 1977 Engaeus cunicularius (Erichson, 1846) Engaeus cymus (Clark, 1936) Engaeus fossor (Erichson, 1846) Engaeus fultoni Smith & Schuster, 1913 Engaeus hemicirratulus Smith & Schuster, 1913 Engaeus lengana Horwitz, 1990 Engaeus leptorhynchus Clark, 1936 Engaeus lyelli (Clark, 1936) Engaeus mairener Horwitz, 1990 Engaeus merosetosus Horwitz, 1990 Engaeus orientalis Clark, 1941 Engaeus quadrimanus Clark, 1936 Engaeus sericatus Clark, 1936 Engaeus strictifrons (Clark, 1936) Engaeus tayatea Horwitz, 1990 Engaeus tuberculatus Clark, 1936 References Parastacidae Freshwater crustaceans of Australia Crustacean genera