taught by rabbinical school students, or occasionally by Jewish day school teachers. Beit Midrash The Beit Midrash program offers campers in Bogrim and Machon a double period of study in place of Hebrew and Text, and offers Shoafim campers one period of study instead of their regular Jewish studies class. It is taught by Orthodox and some Conservative educators whose background is in Talmud and other Rabbinic texts. The Beit Midrash also includes a program called "the Northwoods Kollel", which unlike the traditional Orthodox model, is co-educational, and composed of between four and six college-age students who have usually not participated in the Ramah camping movement. Participants spend the day immersed in Talmud study. Classes focus on skill-building by reading a specific Rabbinic text, usually a perek of the Babylonian Talmud. Hebrew outside the classroom Ramah has been known as a Hebrew-speaking camp since its inception. Hebrew exams before camp were once required to gain enrollment. Near total immersion was once one of the effective techniques used by Ramah Wisconsin, with Hebrew usage being required to fulfill tasks such as getting food in the dining room or acquiring art supplies. After the 1970s, serious efforts in using Hebrew outside the classroom became limited. Hebrew is still publicly used in announcements in the dining room and campwide events, musicals, and the refereeing of softball games, though it is unclear if the campers understand the Hebrew they use. Some buildings are referred to by Hebrew names, but most camp activities and locations are referred to in a camp slang that is a mix of Hebrew and English, such as “Meltzing” for waiting tables (from the Hebrew מלצר for "waiter"). Eidot names are still in Hebrew. Library The Blanche Lippitz Library at the camp was established by the Sisterhoods of Illinois, Wisconsin, Indiana, and Michigan a tribute to the services rendered by Lippitz. Activities Tarbut (תרבות) Camp Ramah In Wisconsin offers a number of activities for the campers. The main "Tarbut" (Hebrew for "culture") activities include: Omanut (אומנות) (includes pottery, copper enameling, batik, illustration, painting, and tie-dye) Nagarut (נגרות) (woodworking) Radio (רדיו) (FM radio) Music (מוסיקה) Rikud (ריקוד) (dance) Drama (דרמה) Cooking (מטבחון) Sports (ספורט) Every day, excluding Wednesdays and Saturdays, has sports periods for campers. They can choose from basketball, volleyball, aerobics, softball, tennis, kayaking, and sailing. In recent years, lacrosse, ultimate frisbee, soccer and field hockey have also been offered. Martial