part of the bore, roughly between the reed seat and the top hole. The shape of this is critical to the timbre, intonation, and performance of the chanter. Throw on D An embellishment on the D of the Highland bagpipe chanter not dissimilar to the grip. Tight Fingering See closed fingering. Tipping A series of short staccato notes played on the Uilleann pipes. Tongue The vibrating element of a drone reed which has a single vibrating element. Chanter reeds have two vibrating elements or blades. Transmontana The bagpipe of northeastern Portugal, with one chanter with conical bore and double reed, as well as one drone with cylindrical bore and single reed. Tuning Pins Also known as tuning slides, the sections of the drone that when mated together allow the overall length to be adjusted in order to bring the drone into tune. U Undercut Removing material from the underneath of a finger hole to sharpen the note on the chanter without changing the shape of the hole. Union An early name for Uilleann Pipes. Unison In pipe bands, the term unison normally refers to how closely melody players are playing together. Urlar Gaelic word for Ground. See Piobaireachd above. V Valves Valves are used in most types of bagpipes to close off the air entry point (the blowpipe), although some pipers simply closed the end of their blowpipe when they took a breath. Vent Holes On the Highland bagpipe chanter, the vent holes are two holes with produce low G; the reason for the term vent holes is unclear. (The) Voice The quarterly publication of the Eastern United States Pipe band Association. W Water Trap A device attached to the blowpipe stock designed to catch water from the player's breath, in order to prevent the reeds from getting wet. Z Zampogna The bagpipe of southern Italy and Sicily, with two chanters and usually two drones in a common stock, all with conical bores with double or single reeds. See also Musical terminology Modern musical symbols Bagpipes Types of bagpipe References Works cited The Highland Bagpipe, Captain John A. Maclellan, MBE The Piper's Handbook, PM John A. Maclellan, MBE, Paterson's Publications, London The Notation & Tuning of the Highland Bagpipe, Captain John A. Maclellan, MBE Bagpipe Music for Dancing, John Maclellan, Paterson's Publications The Art of Piobaireachd, by Dr. Ian L. McKay, revised 1996, published by Comunn na Piobaireachd (NA) Inc