275 pitons and 20 direct aid bolts. Birth of modern US big wall climbing; historians split the climbing history of Yosemite into: "before and after Half Dome". 1958 : leads Fledermausweg on the Sommerwand, in the Saxon Switzerland climbing region, Germany, at VIIIc or . 1958 : John Gill solves Gill Right Problem, in the Teton Range, in Wyoming, the first-ever boulder problem; introduces gymnastic "chalk" to climbing. 1958 : Warren Harding and team aid climb the 3,000-foot Nose of El Capitan using siege tactics (600 pitons and 125 bolts) over 45 days at grade 5.8/A3; climb gets worldwide recognition but is highly controversial amongst climbers for its excessive use of aid climbing techniques. 1958 : Don Whillans free soloed Goliath, at Burbage, in England, at E4 6a is considered one of the world's first-ever or routes. 1959 : Royal Robbins and Tom Frost free (except 30-feet) the Steck-Salathe route on Sentinel Rock, Yosemite, at and 16-pitches, hardest big wall free climb in US. 1959 : John Gill solves Red Cross Overhang (or Gill Problem), in the Teton Range, in Wyoming, the first-ever boulder problem. 1960s 1960 : Dave Rearick and Bob Kamps make the first ascent of Diamond (5.8 A3), Longs Peak, CO, a 10-pitch, Alpine, Big Wall climb all above 13,000 feet of altitude. 1961 : Royal Robbins, Chuck Pratt, and Tom Frost, lead Salathe Wall on El Capitan in 6-days (484 pitons, 13 bolts); 5.9 A4. Single push by Robbins & Frost in 1962. 1961 : John Gill makes the first free ascent as an onsight, free solo, of the Thimble, in the Needles, South Dakota, USA, now considered the first-ever . 1962 : free soloed the 57-pitch Comici Route on the Monte Civetta, Dolomites, Italy, as grade UIAA VI+. 1964 : Royal Robbins and Pat Ament free climb Athlete's Feat, Boulder CO. Five very short, hard pitches (5.11a. 5.10d, 5.10d, 5.10c, 5.9). Most difficult multi-pitch in USA. 1964 : Royal Robbins, Chuck Pratt, Tom Frost, and Yvon Chouinard climb the 28-pitch North American Wall on El Capitan, Yosemite, at 5.8/A5, was hardest aid climb. 1964 : Dan Robinson builds the first climbing wall at Leeds University; after training two years on the wall, John Syrett onsights, in 1970, one of Britain's hardest routes, Wall of Horrors (E3 6a). 1965 : and Eric Beck lead the first free ascent of Direct North Buttress, Middle Cathedral Rock, Yosemite,