between a passage in De revolutionibus (I.8) and one in Ṭūsī’s Tadhkira (II.1[6]) in which Copernicus follows Ṭūsī’s objection to Ptolemy’s “proofs” of the Earth's immobility." This can be considered as evidence that not only was Copernicus influenced by the mathematical models of Islamic astronomers, but may have also been influenced by the astronomical physics they began developing and their views on the Earth's motion. In the 16th century, the debate on the Earth's motion was continued by al-Birjandi (d. 1528), who in his analysis of what might occur if the Earth were moving, develops a hypothesis similar to Galileo Galilei's notion of "circular inertia", which he described in the following observational test (as a response to one of Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi's arguments): See also Sufi cosmology Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world Bahá'í cosmology Buddhist cosmology Christian cosmology Hindu cosmology Jain cosmology Religious cosmology Arcs of Descent and Ascent Notes References Ali, Maulana Muhammad, The Holy Qur'an: Text, Daryabadi, Abdul Majid (1941), The Holy Qur'an, English Translation, 57, Lahore Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (1993), An Introduction to Islamic Cosmological Doctrines: Conceptions of Nature and Methods Used for Its Study by the Ikhwan Al-Safa, Al-Biruni, and Ibn Sina, State University of New York Press 1st edition 1964, 2nd edition 1993. Pickthall, Marmaduke, The Glorious Qu'ran, External links The Quran and Cosmology Dr Israr Ahmed Islam and science