for volumes and issues (vol. and no.), pages (p. or pp.), not abbreviating words like "editor" or "translator", using URLs in most instances (though preferring DOI, as in APA), and not favoring the medium of publication. The ninth edition, in 2021, provides more examples, advises more inclusive language, and advises that URLs are optional, with DOI and permalinks being preferred. The ninth edition also provides rules for annotated bibliographies. Editions The table below identifies the year of publication of each edition of MLA Handbook. MLA Style Manual {{Infobox book | name = MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing | title_orig = MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing | translator = | image = MLAStyleManual3rdEd.gif | illustrator = | cover_artist = | country = United States | language = English | series = | subject = Style guide | genre = | publisher = Modern Language Association of America | pub_date = 2008 | english_pub_date = May 2008 | media_type = Print; large print; also listed as available as audiobook | pages = xxiv & 336 | isbn = 978-0-87352-297-7 | dewey= 808/.027 22 | congress= PN147 .G444 2008 | oclc = 191090459 | preceded_by = MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing (2nd ed., by Joseph Gibaldi)' | followed_by = }}MLA Style Manual, previously titled MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing in its second (1998) and third edition (2008), was an academic style guide by the United States-based Modern Language Association of America (MLA) first published in 1985. MLA announced in April 2016 that the publication would be discontinued: the third edition would be the last and was to be "taken out of print". The announcement also said that what began as an abridged version for students, MLA Handbook, was to be after that point "the authoritative source for MLA style", and that the organization was "in the process of developing additional publications to address the professional needs of scholars". Usage MLA documentation style is used in scholarship throughout the humanities, especially in English studies, modern languages and literatures, comparative literature, literary criticism, media studies, cultural studies, and related disciplines.MLA Style Manual was one of two books on MLA documentation style published by the MLA. While MLA Handbook is aimed at secondary and post-secondary students and their teachers, the intended audience of MLA Style Manual primarily consisted of graduate students, academic scholars, professors,