Currently, there are 32,000 offenders housed in VADOC facilities. A 2011 study showed among the 36 states that report felon recidivism — defined as re-imprisonment within three years of release — Virginia has the fourth lowest recidivism rate in the United States. Facilities List of Virginia state prisons Dress code regulations of facilities The dress code for visitors includes no tube tops, halter tops, mini-skirts, leggings, form fitting clothing, and revealing necklines and/or excessive splits. No denim is allowed. Death row Prior to the abolition of capital punishment in Virginia in 2021, male death row was located at the Sussex I State Prison, while females were housed at the Fluvanna Correctional Center for Women. Prior to August 3, 1998, the male death row was housed at Mecklenburg Correctional Center. The execution chamber was located at the Greensville Correctional Center near Jarratt. Through 1990, the male death row was located at the Virginia State Penitentiary in Richmond, which began hosting executions on October 13, 1908. After the prison building was replaced in 1928, the men's death row and the execution chamber were housed in Building A. The execution chamber was moved from the Virginia State Penitentiary to Greensville in 1991. Legal issues and controversies Human Rights Watch: Red Onion A 1999 report by Human Rights Watch raised concerns over conditions at Red Onion State Prison. The report states that "the Virginia Department of Corrections has failed to embrace basic tenets of sound correctional practice and laws protecting inmates from abusive, degrading or cruel treatment" and claims that "racism, excessive violence and inhumane conditions reign inside." ADA compliance (Minnis et al. v. Johnson et al.) In January 2010, complaints against the VADOC were filed in US District Court stating deaf and hard of hearing inmates could not properly communicate with friends and family outside the facility, had no visual notifications for safety announcements in the facilities, and had limited access to sign-language interpreters. In November 2010, after reviewing the complaints, the VADOC became the first corrections department in the country to install videophones, allowing deaf and hard of hearing inmates to communicate with friends and family outside the facility. In addition, sign language versions of rules, proceedings, medical appointments, meals, and events were also made available, and interpreters were brought in twice a week. Reading material restrictions (Couch v. Jabe et al.) The department permits the circulation of some softcore sexual-orientation magazines