were successful). All applicants must be nominated by an academic at a Scottish university and pursue their degrees in Scotland. Each Scottish university has a set quota of Scholarships. Caledonian Scholarships The Caledonian Research Foundation since 1990 has funded scholarships identical to the Carnegie Scholarships, except that they must be held within Scotland. The scholarships are administered by the Carnegie Trust on the Foundation's behalf. Henry Dryerre Scholarship On behalf of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, the Henry Dryerre Scholarship is for postgraduate study by a graduate of a Scottish university in medical or veterinary physiology. It is only offered every three years. It is named after the physiologist Henry Dryerre (1881–1959). Fee Assistance Undergraduates undertaking first degrees at a Scottish university whose tuition fees are not met by the governmental Student Awards Agency for Scotland can apply to the Trust for fee assistance. These awards are means-tested, and it is a requirement for assistance that paying fees would cause the applicant hardship such that it would not be possible for them to continue with their degree. In 2004-5 there were 211 applicants and 163 awards made. Vacation Scholarships Undergraduates of Scottish extraction can apply for a competitive Vacation Scholarship to undertake a short, full-time research project during their summer vacation. Candidates must be nominated by a university Dean of Faculty, and are for maintenance awards of between two and twelve weeks. The scholarship can be held in the United Kingdom or abroad. For the five year period from 2013-2018, there was an average of 147 applications and 85 scholarships awarded per year, giving an average 58% success rate. The most successful university in number of awards over the same period was Strathclyde followed by Glasgow. University Expeditions The Trust used to fund grants towards the cost of expeditions for undergraduates supported by a Scottish university. Such expeditions are to have "a coherent research programme and must be accompanied throughout by a member of staff or someone of equal standing acceptable to the Trust". Research Incentive Grants Research staff of the Scottish universities are eligible for the scheme, which awards grants of up to £7,500 for personal research. Collaborative Research Grants The Scheme awards funding for "joint programmes of collaborative research projects from groups within the Scottish Universities". Carnegie Centenary Professorships In 2001, the Trust established a Centenary Fund to celebrate the centenary of Andrew Carnegie's original 1901 endowment. The