with the crew staying in the cabin and without using aiming points; autonomous determination of an azimuth of the launch tube cluster's longitudinal axis; visual representation of graphical information for the launch tube cluster laying, the route of vehicle movement and location as well as a point of destination and direction of movement on the video terminal; increase in MLRS survivability owing to reduced time of staying at a fire position; increased comfort for the laying operator, especially in adverse weather conditions and at night; increased independent operation owing to the navigation and survey equipment, which allows the vehicle to rapidly change fire positions and move autonomously; reduction of the combat crew. General characteristics Chassis: MAZ-543M or MAZ-79111 Emplacement Time: 3 min Displacement Time: 2 min Launch Rate Salvo Time: 12 rounds in 38 seconds Reload Time: 20 min Variants 9A52 – Standard variant on MAZ-79111 truck. 9A52-2 – Modified variant on MAZ-543M truck. 9A52-2T – Export version, based on the Tatra T816 10×10 truck. 9A52-4 – Lighter, airmobile version on KamAZ-6350 truck with modular 6-round rocket pack. Demonstrated in 2007. Arctic version with rockets mounted on DT-30PM tracked vehicle. Rocket projectiles Operators Current operators – 50 systems in 1999. – 6 systems. Received more as of 2018. – 40 systems. – 48 systems in 1990. – Locally produced as the PHL-03. – Total 81 9A52-2T systems in service. The launchers for the Indian Army's 9K58 Smerch 300 mm multiple launch (MLR) systems are mounted on Indian made T816 KOLOS TATRA, making it roughly 162 batteries of 3 launchers each with 3 as reserve launchers. Which makes it a total of 972 launchers in service. Each launcher has been provided with its own ammunition replenishment vehicle based on the same T816. Since 2012 India's state-owned Ordnance Factory Board has produced several rocket variants for the system that have a strike range of 70 or 90 km. – 27 systems in 1996. – 36 systems PHL03/AR2 Chinese version. – 36 units, more produced locally as the A-100E with complete TOT, based on the Chinese A-100, – 106. More in production (in 2020). – Unknown number, used in the Syrian civil war. – 6 systems 9A52-2T in 2008/2009. – 80 as of 2014. – 6 systems. – 12 systems. Former operators : Passed on to successor states. – 0 systems in 2016. Similar systems – Visually similar missile based on the Wanshan