specimens were at Marlfield, County Tipperary, renowned for its elms. It was also the predominant elm in Phoenix Park, Dublin. 'Major' is known to have been marketed (as U. montana gigantea) in Poland in the 19th century by the Ulrich nursery, Warsaw, and may still survive in Eastern Europe. Ulmus suberosa major, 'The Dutch cork-barked elm', was in US nurseries by the mid-19th century. Arnold Arboretum reported in 1915 that in the USA (as in the UK by the 20th century), 'Major' was sometimes confused with English Elm. 'Major' is grown at several arboreta and along the streets of Portland, Oregon. The cultivar is also grown in parks and avenues in Australia, notably in Melbourne, and in New Zealand. Notable trees Owing to Dutch elm disease, mature trees are rare in the UK, except in Brighton and Hove, East Sussex; The Level, in Brighton, alone has over 80 specimens in a double avenue. Other examples, including the TROBI Champion (27 m high by 139 cm d.b.h. in 2009, after pollarding) can be seen in the city along the London Road. The specimen at Leeds Castle was, at 38 m, the tallest elm surviving in Britain until it blew down in 2000. There are also good examples in Edinburgh along Fettes Row, and one at the intersection of Royal Circus and Circus Place (bole-girth 2.5 m), while a single mature 'Major' survives at the extreme east end of East Princes Street Gardens (2015). A 2011 study by Dr Max Coleman of the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, has confirmed that many thousands of mature 'Major' survive in the Isle of Man. Many old trees survive (2018) in New Zealand, notably in Auckland, the finest considered to be the specimen found outside the Ellerslie Racecourse. Synonymy Ulmus × hollandica 'Hollandica': Richens Ulmus montana (: glabra) var. gigantea Hort.: Kirchner , in Petzold & Kirchner, Arboretum Muscaviense 564, 1864 ?Ulmus montana (: glabra) var. macrophylla fastigiata Hort.: Nicholson, Kew Hand-List Trees & Shrubs, 2: 141, 1896 ?Ulmus × hollandica Ypreau: Richens In art The open, irregular branching of 'Major' appears in Constable's Salisbury Cathedral from the bishop's grounds (1823), and in G. N. Wright's Wellington Monument, Phoenix Park (c.1830) (see 'Cultivation'). The elm grove in Kensington Gardens, London, said by Elwes to have been 'Major', was illustrated by numerous artists, but most effectively, in Richens' view, by Seymour Haden in his etching Kensington Gardens