and foldforming. With this similarity some artists create a paper origami model of their project before working with sheet metal. The difficulty with this is that paper and sheet metal are materials with very different properties, so artist are still limited to the materials' limits of malleability. Paper material is able to bend more freely but incapable of sustaining a folded form as easily as sheet metal, and sheet metal is a thicker and tougher material to work with. Folding technique Hundreds of folds have now been categorized. Charles Lewton-Brain was able to come up with four basic steps to foldforming. Step one: fold the sheet metal over itself. This creates the bent shape in the sheet metal. Step two: forge (hammer) or roll the metal. By doing this, metalsmiths are either creating the main form of the figure or making the area where the metal is folded more distinctive. Step three: anneal the metal. This is just heating the sheet metal enough for it to be easier to work with. Step four: unfold the sheet metal revealing its form. All four steps act upon the characteristics of metals. Tools Techniques now include the use of traditional forging tools like various types of hammers, mallets, and anvils. Other tools consist of rolling mills, vice grips, pliers, embedding wire, other objects into the folds. and a heat source. The heat source can be some kind of forge, a blowtorch, or anything hot enough to anneal the metal. References External links Fold Forming Articles and Tutorials at The Ganoksin Project http://brainpress.com/Foldforming.html https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Es4uyKyfTXw&list=PLC7ctvaW_13LTWVisBaE5zKdeFb1FqF3x Foldforming video information Artworks in metal