Being, Who loves justice and charity, and Who must be obeyed by whoever would be saved, and that the worship of God consists in the practice of justice and love towards one's neighbor. Spinoza argued that no one could dispute that the doctrine that God is One is absolutely necessary for entire devotion, admiration, and love towards God, for devotion, admiration, and love spring from the superiority of one over all else. Gerald Janzen, Professor Emeritus of Old Testament at Christian Theological Seminary, grouped interpretations of the word , echad, in into two sorts: a word that says something about God (for example, "One" or "Unique") or a word that says something about God's claim on Israel (for example, "alone"). Concluding that one should read the word as "One," Jansen argued that the claim upon Israel to love God with all its heart and soul and strength in follows upon an affirmation that God is "One," and this affirmation is to identify in God the dependable ground upon which an exhortation to wholehearted loyalty may appropriately be made. Interpreting , John Wesley wrote that "Sinners, especially presumptuous sinners, are said to tempt God, that is, to make a trial of God, whether he be so wise as to see their sins, [or] so just and true and powerful as to take vengeance on them, concerning which they are very apt to doubt because of the present impunity and prosperity of many such persons." Commandments According to Maimonides Maimonides cited verses in the parashah for 11 positive and 15 negative commandments: That warriors shall not fear their enemies nor be frightened of them in battle To know that there exists God Not to entertain the thought that there is any god but the Lord Not to make a graven image, neither to make oneself nor to have made for oneself by others Not to bow down to an object of idolatry, even if that is not its normal way of worship Not to worship an object of idolatry in its normal ways of worship Not to take an oath in vain Not to do work on the Sabbath To honor one's father and mother Not to kill an innocent person Not to kidnap any person of Israel; this is theft of a person. Not to covet Not to desire." To acknowledge God's Oneness To love God To read the Shema twice