promote traditional forms of Japanese art. In 1898, Okakura was ousted by faculty and students at the school who objected to his rigid focus on traditional art. Museum of Fine Arts In 1891, Bigelow became a trustee of the Museum of Fine Arts and held the position for thirty-five years. After hearing of Okakura's dismissal, Bigelow hired him to oversee the Japanese art collections at the Museum of Fine Arts. Okakura emphasized transforming the Western image of a tea house filled with women and domestic utensils to that of a temple filled with religious scroll paintings and sculptures. When the museum moved to a new building in 1909, a gallery and courtyard garden designed to mimic a temple and its forecourt was built to display Japanese sculpture. This popular space became a model for other American museums displaying East Asian art. Buddhism With Fenollosa, Bigelow converted to Tendai Buddhism and taught and lectured on the subject back in Boston. He framed Buddhism in Episcopalian terms (such as "bishop" to describe senior monks) and dismissed Zen and Shin Buddhism, referring to the latter as a "very big and popular and easy-going sect... the Salvation Army of Buddhism." Bigelow's publicity for his vision of Japan extended to his teachings on Buddhism. He delivered the annual Ingersoll Lecture on the Immortality of Man at Harvard in 1908, which was published as a book in Buddhism and Immortality. Bigelow used the scientific language of natural selection to explain spiritual evolution, as when an individual emerges from "unconditioned consciousness" and "moves up the scale of evolution guided by natural selection." Next, the individual moves to a level of celestial experience and finally is able to "return to the unconditioned consciousness from which all things emerge. In his view, familial ties were created by reincarnaton and what he called "thought transference." Bigelow's contemporaries compared his relationship to the Japanese monk who instructed him in Buddhism as that of "a filial child" to a "benevolent father." Historian T.J. Jackson Lears has analyzed Bigelow's embrace of Buddhism as "leaving a stern father for a benign Ajari [teacher]." Bigelow accepted both material and spiritual evolution and believed Buddhism and science were compatible. Personal life Bigelow has been described as "at once an epicure and a mystic, who professed an ascetic religion and wore beautiful Charvet haberdashery." Bigelow's enthusiasm for the elite male camaraderie he enjoyed in Japan is reflected