The Union of Mladorossi (, Soyuz Mladorossov) was a political group of Russian émigré monarchists (mostly living in Europe) who advocated a hybrid of Russian monarchy and the Soviet system, best evidenced by their motto "Tsar and the Soviets". The organization started in 1923, as the "Union of Young Russia" (in Russian: Союз Молодой России, Soyuz Molodoi Rossii) in Munich, changing its name to the Union of Mladorossi in 1925. Early years The Mladorossi (), as they were popularly known, at first declared themselves as anti-communists. In contrast to other émigré political organizations, they argued against the idea of creating a "free Russia" on non-Russian soil, believing strongly that what they called "Soviet-occupied Russia" was the only Russia that could be in existence. The Mladorossi believed that the Soviet government, for all its negative ideology, was preserving the Russian state and defending its national interests. They also believed that the October Revolution was merely the beginning of an evolutionary process that would create a new, young Russia (hence their use of the prefix mlado which means "young"). Similar groups Several émigré movements with a similar ideology evolved at around the same time, notably the Evraziitsi, and the Smenovekhovtsi. Other émigré movements and organizations, such as National Alliance of Russian Solidarists (NTS), the Russian Imperial Union Order, and the ROVS, were hostile to these movements, feeling they were trying to justify the October Revolution and reconcile with the Bolsheviks. Ideology The Mladorossi organization had a fascist influence as demonstrated by its doctrine and as visible through its use of the Roman salute popularized by the Italian fascist dictator Benito Mussolini to salute its leader (renounced when Hitler launched Operation Barbarossa). Alexander Kazembek saw from fascism the combination of traditionalism, ultra-nationalism, anti-communism, as well as the desire to lean on the masses hence the imitation of the Italian fascists. Kazembek also was in some sort of contact with Mussolini. In 1933 Kazembek attended a conference in Berlin where he signed a cooperation pact with Anastasy Vonsiatsky's All-Russian Fascist Organisation and Pavel Bermondt-Avalov's Russian National Socialist Movement, this was motivated by the Nazi Party's anti-communist stance however when this evolved into anti-Russian sentiment the Mladorossi denounced Nazism with its general secretary, Kirill Elita-Vilchkovsky, referring to the ideology as "Satanic-fascism". The Mladorossi were also monarchist oriented. They recognized Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich of Russia as the legitimate heir of the Russian throne and the