rule in Italy and the alienation of the local elites from Madrid. In 1650, the governor of Milan wrote that as well as widespread dissatisfaction in the south, the only one of the Italian states that could be relied on was the Duchy of Parma. Notes References Sources 17th-century conflicts 17th century in France 17th-century military history of Spain Civil wars involving the states and peoples of Europe Civil wars of the Early Modern period Wars involving France Wars involving Spain Military history of the Ancien Régime France–Spain military relations 1630s conflicts 1640s conflicts 1650s conflicts 1630s in France 1640s in France 1650s in France 1630s in Spain 1640s in Spain 1650s in Spain 1635 beginnings 1659 endings