Charlton-on-Otmoor is a village and civil parish about NE of Oxford and SW of Bicester in Oxfordshire, England. The village, one of the seven "towns" of Otmoor, is on the northern edge of the moor on a ridge of Cornbrash. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 449. Toponym The Domesday Book of 1086 records the place-name as Cerlentone. The chronicler Orderic Vitalis recorded that in 1081 it was spelt Cherlentona or Charlentone. In about 1190 a charter of Thame Abbey recorded it as Cherlenton and a charter of Sandford Preceptory recorded it as Cherleton. A Close Roll from 1245 records the name as Cherlton. The Hundred Rolls of 1278–79 record it as Cherleton' super Ottemor. Assize rolls from 1285 variously record it as Cherlintone, Cheriltone, Chereltone and Chureltone. An entry in the Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem for 1314 records it as Cherleton upon Ottemour and a Close Roll from 1315 records it as Cherleton on Ottemore. A Close Roll from 1336 records it as Charlynton. A deed from 1351 records it as Charleton. A feudal aid document from 1428 records it as Chorlton. The name is derived from Old English and means "tūn of the ceorls". Church and chapels Church of England Charlton had a parish church by the 11th century. The present Church of England parish church of Saint Mary the Virgin was a 13th-century Early English Gothic building but there were substantial Decorated Gothic alterations in the 14th century. The east window is slightly later, in the transitional style from Decorated to Perpendicular Gothic. Around the beginning of the 16th century the clerestory and a new roof were added to the nave, and a new window was added to the south aisle. In the early 16th century the present rood screen and rood loft (for a crucifix between the chancel and nave) were added to the church. During the English Reformation Edward VI's injunctions of 1547 instructed that rood screens and lofts be removed from all churches in England and Wales. Charlton's screen and loft survived these injunctions, and in the 20th century the critic Jennifer Sherwood judged them "the finest and most complete in the county". A tradition of garlanding the rood cross with flowers and box greenery on May Day and carrying it in procession around the parish also survived the Reformation and continues in modern times. In 1846 the Gothic Revival architect