is attracted towards carrion in the later stages of decomposition, so its arrival on carrion can help provide an estimate for the post-mortem interval or PMI. Although the checkered beetle is not the most significant insect on carrion, the beetles predaceous nature and its ability to reproduce in carrion that is exposed to the environment provides some forensic importance. Ongoing research There is ongoing research with some clerid species. Forensic research is limited because of their late arrival on carrion, but members such as Thanasimus undatulus have been researched as a possible role in integrated pest management or IPM. Thanasimus undatulus is a predator of bark beetles. Some species of bark beetles such as the southern pine beetle and the mountain pine beetle can become pests to the lumber industry because in large numbers they can cause damage and kill live trees. Thanasimus undatulus has been researched as a possible biological control agent for these pests. Researchers and forestry officials have used bark beetle aggregation pheromones to attract the checkered beetle to specific trees. This causes the bark beetles to be overwhelmed, extensively preyed upon by the clerid beetles, and typically eliminated. There is also additional research being done pertaining to the impact of clerids on pollination in flowers. Systematics The genera of Cleridae are divided among several subfamilies, though some genera still defy easy classification. Several taxonomic schemes exist, recognizing for example a group around Neorthopleura as distinct subfamily Neorthopleurinae, or splitting off the Thaneroclerinae as distinct family, or circumscribing the Korynetinae sensu stricto or sensu lato. The following list of tribes and selected genera is thus preliminary. Some notable species are also listed. The oldest members of the family are Protoclerus and Wangweiella the late Middle Jurassic (Callovian) Daohugou bed in Inner Mongolia, China. Clerinae Allonyx Jacquelin du Val, 1860 Anthicoclerus Schenkling, 1906 Aphelochroa Quedenfeldt, 1885 Apopempsis Schenkling, 1903 Apteroclerus Wollaston, 1867 Aptinoclerus Kuwert, 1893 Aradamicula Sedlacek & Winkler, 1975 †Arawakis (fossil) Astigmus Kuwert, 1894 Aulicus Spinola, 1841 Axina Kirby, 1818 Balcus Barriella Opitz, 2003 Barrotillus Rifkind, 1996 Blaxima Gorham, 1882 Bousquetoclerus Menier, 1997 Burgeoneus Pic, 1950 Caestron Dupont in Spinola, 1844 Calendyma Lacordaire, 1857 Canariclerus Winkler, 1982 Cardiostichus Quedenfeldt, 1885 Caridopus Schenkling in Sjöstedt, 1908 Cleromorpha Gorham, 1876 Cleropiestus Fairmaire, 1889 Clerus Fabricius, 1775 Clytomadius Corporaal, 1949 Colyphus Spinola, 1841 Coptoclerus Chapin, 1924 Cormodes Pascoe, 1860 Corynommadius Schenkling, 1899 Ctenaxina Schenkling, 1906 Ctenoclerus Solervicens, 1997 Dasyceroclerus Kuwert,