accompanied by Ježek's jazz-influenced music and songs. In 1931 Ježek also established a partnership with Karel Ančerl, later chief of the Czech Philharmonic. Ančerl worked in the theatre as a conductor till 1933, and markedly improved the theatre orchestra. Osvobozené divadlo also introduced so-called "forbíny" (from the German Vorbühne - forestage, front piece) - improvised dialogues on the forestage, often presenting topical reactions to political and cultural events and subjects. In 1932 V+W came up with the first explicitly political play, Caesar. In that very successful play (191 reprises), the authors for the first time warned against the danger of Nazism, and the theatre began to be regarded as political. Another strongly anti-fascist play, Osel a stín (The Ass and the Shadow; 1933), was also very leftist-oriented. In 1934 Osvobozené divadlo began to present another play, Kat a blázen, whose criticism of Nazism was very sharp, straight and consistent. The play had problems with censorship, and the German embassy lodged strong protests with the Umělecká beseda management. After continuing complaints from German officials Osvobozené divadlo was expelled from the Umělecká beseda building U Nováků Palace in 1935. Spoutané divadlo ("The Tied Theatre") The theatre was renamed after the expulsion to Spoutané divadlo and settled in the Rokoko Theatre in Wenceslas Square. In a one-year period the plays Balada z hadrů (play about F. Villon), Těžká Barbora etc. were created. Osvobozené divadlo again In 1936, after the triumph of the play Balada z hadrů, Osvobozené divadlo came back to U Nováků Palace, but other anti-Nazi plays - Svět za mřížemi, Pěst na oko and above all Kat a blázen, whose performance led to demonstrations by the fascist element in the audience, led to a prohibition of all activities. The theatre was officially closed on 10 November 1938, and in January 1939 Voskovec, Werich and Ježek were forced to emigrate to the United States. 1946-1948 After World War II. Werich and Voskovec (Ježek died in 1942 in New York City) came back from exile and attempted to restore Osvobozené divadlo, but the social atmosphere in post-war Czechoslovakia was different and not very friendly towards their kind of satire. After the communist putch in 1948 occurred, Voskovec emigrated again and the activity of the theatre completely ceased. Significance Osvobozené divadlo represented an important part of the Czechoslovakia First Republic cultural scene. It was the place where many theatre experiments occurred. Archive recordings of