Por San Piero ("University of St. Peter's Gate") – grouped together the Beccai (butchers), Oliandoli (provisioners) and the Fornai (bakers). l'Università de' Fabbricanti ("University of Artificers") – grouped together the guilds of Chiavaiuoli (locksmiths), Maestri di Pietre e Legnami (masters of stone and wood), Corazzai e Spadai (armourers) and Legnaiuoli (carpenters). l'Università de' Maestri di Cuoiame ("University of Masters of Leather") – grouped the Calzolai (shoemakers), Galigai (Tanners) and Coreggiai (saddlers). l'Università de' Linaiuoli ("University of Linen-drapers") added to the old Linaiuoli guild not only the associated Rigattieri (retailers) and Sarti (tailors), but also the unrelated Vinattieri (vintners) and Albergatori (innkeepers). The university of Cuoiame was annexed in 1561 by the major guild of Vaiai e Pellicciai (Furriers and Skinners), and the new entity named Arte dei Vaiai e Cuoiame. The universities of San Piero and Fabbricanti were merged in 1583, into a single university, the Università dei Fabbricanti e Por San Piero. All the Florentine guilds, major and minor, were abolished in 1770, by the decree of Emperor Joseph II (as Grand Duke of Tuscany), assigning their functions to the single Florentine chamber of commerce, art and manufacture (Camera di Commercio, Arti e Manifatture), with the exception of the Arte dei Giudici e Notai (Judges & Notaries), which lingered on until it was finally abolished in 1777 by a new decree. See also Ciompi, guild-less wool carders who revolted in 1378 Masterpiece Notes References Hughes, Anthony."'An Academy for Doing'. I: The Accademia del Disegno, the Guilds and the Principate in Sixteenth-Century Florence." Oxford Art Journal, vol. 9, no. 1. (1986), pp. 3–10. Jack, Mary Ann. "The Accademia del Disegno in Late Renaissance Florence." In: Sixteenth Century Journal, vol. 7, no. 2. (Oct., 1976), pp. 3–20. Mather, Rufus Graves. "Documents Mostly New Relating to Florentine Painters and Sculptors of the Fifteenth Century." In: The Art Bulletin, vol. 30, no. 1. (Mar., 1948), pp. 20–65. Staley, John Edgcumbe. 1906. The Guilds of Florence''. Methuen & Co. External links Guilded in Florence Guilds