or that when targeting large prey, it used a series of well-targeted repetitive strikes with the beak, in a "attack-and-retreat" strategy. Struggling prey could also be retained with the feet, despite the lack of sharp talons. A 2012 follow up study by Tambussi and colleagues analyzed the flexion abilities of the neck of Andalgalornis, based on the morphology of its neck vertebrae, finding the neck to be divided into three sections. They concluded that the neck musculature and skeleton of Andalgalornis was adapted to carrying a large head, and for helping it rise after a maximum downwards strike, and the researchers assumed the same would be true for other large, big-headed phorusrhacids. A 2020 study of phorusrhacid skull morphology by Degrange found that there were two main morphotypes within the group, derived from a seriema-like ancestor; the "Psilopterine Skull Type", which was plesiomorphic (more similar to the ancestral type), and the "Terror Bird Skull Type", which included Andalgalornis and other large members, that was more specialized, with more rigid and stiff skulls. Despite the differences, studies have shown the two types handled prey similarly, while the more rigid skulls and resulting larger bite force of the "Terror Bird" type would have been an adaptation to handling larger prey. Phylogeny Due to the fragmentary nature of Devincenzia fossils and the internal taxonomy of the genus being in a flux, its classification within Phorusrhacidae frequently changes. Despite this, Devincenzia is frequently found to be a member of the Phorusrhacinae along with Phorusrhacos, Kelenken, Titanis, and possibly the Patagornithines as well. The following phylogenetic tree shows the internal relationships of Phorusrhacidae under the exclusion of Brontornis as published by Degrange and colleagues in 2015, which recovers Devincenzia as a member of a large clade that includes Physornis, Phorusrhacos and Andalgalornis, among others. After the extinction of the non-bird dinosaurs, during the early Cenozoic, mammals underwent an evolutionary diversification, and birds around the world developed a tendency towards gigantism; this includes the Gastornithidae, the Dromornithidae, the Palaeognathae, and the Phorusrhacidae. Phorusrhacids are an extinct group within Cariamiformes, the only living members of which are the two species of seriemas in the family Cariamidae. While they are the most speciose group within Cariamiformes, the interrelationships between phorusrhacids are unclear due to the incompleteness of their remains.Phorusrhacids were present in South America from the Paleocene (when the continent was an isolated island) and survived until the