before his death in March 1954. Personal life Acharya's first marriage was an arranged one early in his life in India, before going into exile in Europe. During his time in Bolshevik Russia between 1919 and 1921, Acharya met Magda Nachman, a German-born artist of Jewish descent. The two married in 1921. Returning to Germany after his sorjourn with Communism, Acharya and his wife witnessed Hitler's rise to power, the couple found themselves in a tenuous position in Nazi Germany. Returning to India in 1935, the couple lived in Bombay were Magda found work as an artist. Acharya's last days were marked by abject poverty, and unlike Savarkar, the Indian government completely ignored Acharya's role in the independence of India. Magda died in 1951. Acharya had arranged for an exhibition of her works in London through Albert Meltzer, but he too died before her paintings could be shipped. Political thoughts Acharya's early works were marked by nationalism against British rule in India, and he worked with Indian nationalists during the First World War to produce anti-British propaganda. However, working with German and Turkish war-efforts proved disappointing for the erstwhile nationalist groups and Acharya, like many of his contemporary Indian revolutionaries of the time, turned towards Socialism for help with the Indian cause. Communism Acharya is known to have identified himself as a Communist in 1921 and helped found the Communist Party of India (Tashkent group), but differences with M.N. Roy led to divisions which ultimately saw him leave the party. Bolshevik support for Roy further deepened differences between Acharya on the one hand and Communist International and the soviet Regime on the other, leading to Acharya to remark Acharya may later have been in touch with Trotsky's Fourth International, and is known to have urged the Komintern to set up a commission composed of both Communist and nationalist elements. However, he increasingly came to see Communism as no different to Capitalism. After his divisions with the communist project, Acharya's works delved into critiques of state capitalism as well as communism. His work often denounced Bolshevism, warning of the dangers of the movement in India. His work further attacked the Comintern as well as Indian communists such as MN Roy, Saklatvala, Sapurji and others. Anarchism and Pacifism The divisions with communism saw Acharya move away to later identify himself as an anarcho-syndicalist. He is known to have been in touch with