from the vaccine have been noted as anorexia and local swelling. The president of the Brazil Regional Council of Veterinary Medicine, Marcia Villa, warned since vaccinated dogs develop antibodies, they can be difficult to distinguish from asymptomatic, infected dogs. Studies also indicate the Leshmune vaccine may be reliable in treating L. chagasi, and a possible treatment for dogs already infected with L. donovani. Treatment Currently, no cure exists for canine leishmaniasis, but various treatment options are available in different countries. Treatment is best coordinated with veterinary research hospitals. Treatment does vary by geographic area, strain of infection and exhibited symptoms. Dogs can be asymptomatic for years. Most common treatments include: L. donovani Antimony resistant so amphotericin B is recommended L. infantum Amphotericin B Meglumine antimoniate Miltefosine Allopurinol There have been no documented cases of leishmaniasis transmission from dogs to humans. Research directions In the United States, research examining the Foxhound and Neapolitan Mastiff is scheduled to continue into 2011 at the University of Iowa. The goals of this project are to screen for the presence of the Leishmania parasite DNA and to be a stepping stone to future research of T-cell function with the hopes of understanding canine leishmaniasis as a model for better understanding human leishmaniasis. Foxhound submissions forms Neapolitan Mastiff submission forms Also in the United States, the CDC is monitoring Italian Spinones, with no end date indicated on sample submissions. See also Dogs portal References External links The Canine Leishmaniasis Site by Vetstream Video of Leishmaniasis positive dog (<- link does not work) Treatment options (article in Italian) Overview of Canine Leishmaniasis US & Brazil 2002 US Department of Defense funded Canine Leishmaniasis Project Guidelines for practising veterinarians Leishmaniasis Insect-borne diseases Leishmaniasis es:Leishmaniasis#Leishmaniasis visceral