in a shop when they saw his car being given a traffic ticket for being illegally parked. The parking official testified at Dergoul's trial that after the men told him they were searching for the change to recharge the parking meter, he told them it was too late, and the ticket had already been issued. He then testified he crossed the street to capture a picture of the car, only to see Dergoul and his friend charging him. He testified they struck him, pushed him to the ground, and rained kicks and blows upon him. Dergoul interrupted the proceedings, yelling from the prisoner's dock. He complained that the parking official had escalated the tension by taking photos, and that he feared the parking official was an undercover security official, and the pictures were part of a surveillance campaign. Dergoul was given a one-year conditional sentence that required him to undergo a mental health assessment, and included six months of community service. He was also fined £30, which was to be paid in an installment to the parking official. Benjamin Wittes, a legal scholar who focuses on counter-terrorism issues, referred to the controversial issue of competing for assessment as to what percentage of former Guantanamo captives should be considered "Guantanamo recidivists", when he asked whether Dergoul's conviction would make him a recidivist. Scholarly comments Dergoul's description of abusive conditions at Guantanamo has been quoted, used as an example, by a number of legal and human rights scholars. In "American Methods: Torture And the Logic of Domination", Kristian Williams quoted Dergoul's account as an instance of an ERF squad being used to punish captives, rather than its mandated use to maintain order and protect the safety of staff and guards. Human Rights Watch quoted Dergoul four times in its report "The Road to Abu Ghraib": They offered him as an example of a captive who reported being threatened with extraordinary rendition to a torture state, for torture; They offered him as an example of a captive who reported being shackled for so long he was forced to void his bladder or move his bowels; They offered him as an example of a captive who reported being left alone all day in a frigid interrogation room; They offered him as an example of a captive who reported being beaten and pepper-sprayed when he objected to repetitive unnecessary cell searches. Scholar Alexandra Campbell quoted