by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases. They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. Based on their distribution patterns, some members of this family are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division. This gene encodes a DEAD box protein that is upregulated in response to treatment with beta-interferon (IFN-β) and a protein kinase C-activating compound, mezerein (MEZ). Irreversible reprogramming of melanomas can be achieved by treatment with both these agents; treatment with either agent alone only achieves reversible differentiation. Clinical significance Mutations in IFIH1/MDA5 are associated to Singleton-Merten Syndrome and to Aicardi–Goutières syndrome. Some IFIH1 SNPs are associated with increased risk of type 1 diabetes. Antibodies against MDA5 are associated to amyopathic dermatomyositis with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease. References Further reading External links RIG-I-like receptors Intracellular receptors