(Menke, 1830) Littorina saxatilis var. hieroglyphica Fischer-Piette, Gaillard & Jouin, 1961 Littorina saxatilis var. interrupta Fischer-Piette, Gaillard & Jouin, 1961 Littorina saxatilis var. lagunae Barnes, 1993 Littorina saxatilis var. lineata Dautzenberg & P. Fisher, 1912 Littorina saxatilis var. lugubris Dautzenberg & P. Fisher, 1912 Littorina saxatilis var. nigra Fischer-Piette & Gaillard, 1971 Littorina saxatilis var. nojensis Fischer-Piette & Gaillard, 1964 Littorina saxatilis var. rubra Fischer-Piette & Gaillard, 1971 Littorina saxatilis var. rubrolineata Fischer-Piette, Gaillard & Delmas, 1967 Littorina saxatilis var. salvati Fischer-Piette, Gaillard & Delmas, 1967 Littorina saxatilis var. sanguinea Coen, 1933 Littorina saxatilis var. sellensis Fischer-Piette & Gaillard, 1964 Littorina saxatilis var. tractibus Fischer-Piette, Gaillard & Jouin, 1961 Littorina saxatilis var. trifasciata Dautzenberg & P. Fisher, 1912 Littorina saxatilis zonata Daniel, 1883 Littorina saxoides Nardo, 1847 Littorina simplex Reeve, 1857 Littorina tenebrosa (Montagu, 1803) Littorina tenebrosa f. elatior Middendorff, 1849 Littorina tenebrosa var. costulata Middendorff, 1849 Littorina tenebrosa var. densecostulata Middendorff, 1849 Littorina tenebrosa var. grisolacteus Middendorff, 1849 Littorina tenebrosa var. intermedia Forbes & Hanley, 1850 Littorina tenebrosa var. rubidus Middendorff, 1849 Littorina tenebrosa var. tessellatus Middendorff, 1849 Littorina tenebrosa var. zonatus Middendorff, 1849 Littorina zonaria Bean, 1844 Nerita rustica Nardo, 1847 Turbo obligatus Say, 1822 Turbo rudis Maton, 1797 Turbo rudissimus Johnston, 1842 See also Common Periwinkle References This article incorporates CC-BY-2.0 text from the reference Further reading Carvajal-Rodríguez, A.; Conde-Padín, P. & Rolán-Alvarez, E. (2005). "Decomposing shell form into size and shape by geometric morphometric methods in two sympatric ecotypes of Littorina saxatilis. Journal of Molluscan Studies 71: 313–318. Galindo, J.; Morán, P. & Rolán-Alvarez, E. (2009). "Comparing geographical genetic differentiation between candidate and noncandidate loci for adaptation strengthens support for parallel ecological divergence in the marine snail Littorina saxatilis". Molecular Ecology 18: 919–930. Hayward, P. J.; Ryland, J. S. (Ed.) (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK. . 627 pp. Johannesson, B. (1986). "Shell morphology of Littorina saxatilis Olivi the relative importance of physical factors and predation". Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 102: 183–195. Johannesson, K.; Johannesson, B. & Rolán-Alvarez, E. (1993). "Morphological differentiation and genetic cohesiveness over a micro-environmental gradient in the marine snail Littorina saxatilis". Evolution 47: 1770–1787. Reid, D. G. (1989a) "The comparative morphology, phylogeny and evolution of the gastropod family Littorinidae". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 324: 1–110 Reid, D. G.