rate, effects known as the Quantum Zeno effect or Anti-Zeno effect. Raizen and his group built two experiments with Bose-Einstein Condensate in rubidium and sodium. They developed a system for the study and control of quantum statistics of atoms and quantum entanglement. The system includes a condensate in an optical box trap together with single atom detection. In a separate experiment, they demonstrated coherent slowing of supersonic beams. Using an atomic paddle, a slow monochromatic beam of ground state helium was produced. In a different approach, pulsed magnetic fields were used to stop paramagnetic atoms and molecules. To further cool these particles, Raizen and his collaborators introduced the concept of a one-way barrier, or one-way wall, which is used to accumulate atoms or molecules in optical tweezers. This method was realized experimentally by the Raizen Group in December, 2007. This cooling method is a physical realization of informational cooling, originally proposed by Leó Szilárd in 1929. This proposal used the concept of information entropy to resolve the paradox of Maxwell's Demon. Together, these methods enable the trapping and cooling of atoms that span most of the periodic table and paramagnetic molecules. In 2009, Raizen and his group built an experiment to study Brownian motion of a bead of glass held in optical tweezers in air. In 1907, Albert Einstein published a paper in which he considered the instantaneous velocity of Brownian motion, and showed that it could be used to test the Equipartition Theorem, one of the basic tenets of statistical mechanics. In this paper, Einstein concluded that the instantaneous velocity would be impossible to measure in practice due to the very rapid randomization of the motion. In the spring of 2010, the Raizen Group measured the instantaneous velocity of a Brownian particle in air. In 2014, they completed the same measurement in water and acetone. The velocity data was used to verify the Maxwell-Boltzmann velocity distribution, and the equipartition theorem for a Brownian particle. These methods of controlling atoms were used by Raizen and collaborators to separate isotopes with high efficiency. The experiment demonstrated enrichment of lithium-7 to a purity over 99.95% in a single pass. The separation method is termed magnetically activated and guided isotope separation (MAGIS). One application of the work will be to produce enriched isotopes for medicine at a non-profit entity, The Pointsman Foundation, where Raizen serves as chairman of the board. Personal life Raizen