arrival-time too far into the future in an attempt to extend the allowed departure-time. Drivers can, however, surreptitiously change the time on the disk before it expires, risking discovery only if an enforcement-officer is nearby at the time or if the car had been previously noted by said officer. Access Parking-disks can be obtained from filling station shops, and many gift- and card-shops also sell parking-disks. The cheap paper-parking-disks sell for less than one Euro. Big European car rental companies such as Europcar and Sixt lend their vehicles equipped with a parking-disk. These are commonly left in places such as the two side-bags in the front doors and the inside of the cover of the car log book. Although the design and size of parking-disks has been standardized there are often free giveaways with advertisements on the rear. Most parking discs are made of heavy paper. A common variant is made of plastic with sharp edges that can be used as an ice scraper. An illegal variation involves motorized clock discs that move the clock face in a timely manner. In general, clock discs must be set with the arrow pointing to a mark and not any of the white space between, or else it would be invalid and could result in a traffic ticket. As disk-parking is common in Western Europe, virtually all cars there have some kind of parking-disk. Within Europe only the United Kingdom and Denmark have a disabled persons parking scheme where a parking disc is required in certain circumstances. The UK-administration offers a variation of the parking disc design that includes the International Symbol of Access wheelchair logo, and a blue clock face in line with the EU blue badge system introduced in 2000. History Disk-parking was first introduced in Paris in 1957 and with a disc, developed in Vienna, in the town of Vienna beginning 1959, adopted in Kassel in 1961—in both cases the new parking system was introduced in an attempt to move away long-term parkers without erecting parking meters, which was considered too expensive. The concept proved to be effective and it spread throughout European countries in the 1960s. The first parking discs showed two clock faces—one with the arrival time and one with the departure time. Over time different variations of parking discs were created, including the Swiss variant that allowed for a fifteen-hour maximum parking time. A driver new to