rats when co-administered with levodopa; the signal transduction involved in this effect is unknown. ΔFosB expression in the nucleus accumbens shell increases resilience to stress and is induced in this region by acute exposure to social defeat stress. Antipsychotic drugs have been shown to increase ΔFosB as well, more specifically in the prefrontal cortex. This increase has been found to be part of pathways for the negative side effects that such drugs produce. See also AP-1 (transcription factor) Notes Image legend References Further reading External links ROLE OF ΔFOSB IN THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS KEGG Pathway – human alcohol addiction KEGG Pathway – human amphetamine addiction KEGG Pathway – human cocaine addiction Δ0 Oncogenes Transcription factors