Jerusalem was in 1132. (Attributed to be Britain's oldest Pub) 13th century In 1264, during the Second Barons' War, rebels attacked the Jewish community of Nottingham. In 1276, a group of Carmelite friars established a Friary on what is now Friar Lane with lands that included a guesthouse on the site of what is now The Bell Inn. 14th century Foundation of Plumptre Hospital in 1392, Nottingham's longest serving charity. 15th century The town became a county corporate in 1449, giving it effective self-government, in the words of the charter, "for eternity". The Castle and Shire Hall were expressly excluded and technically remained as detached Parishes of Nottinghamshire. 17th century King Charles I of England raised the Royal Standard in Nottingham on 22 August 1642 at the start of the English Civil War. One of the first banks in England outside London was established around 1688. Smith's Bank was in Market Square. 18th century The Trent Navigation Company is formed in 1783 to improve navigation on the River Trent from Nottingham to Kingston upon Hull. The Nottingham Canal opens in 1796. The price of coal in Nottingham is halved. 19th century Coal gas was introduced in Nottinghamshire by the Nottingham Gas Light and Coke Company in 1821. Nottingham was the first place in Britain to install high pressure constant supply mains water in 1831. This system was deployed by engineer Thomas Hawksley and the Trent Waterworks Company. The Midland Counties Railway opened the first railway service between Nottingham and Derby on 4 June 1839. During the Industrial Revolution, much of Nottingham's prosperity was founded on the textile industry; in particular, Nottingham was an internationally important centre of lace manufacture. However, the rapid and poorly planned growth left Nottingham with the reputation of having the worst slums in England. the Government in 1844 appointed a Commission to look into the state of great towns. Thomas Hawkesley, Borough Water Engineer, testified to the Commission that he considered Nottingham to be the worst town in England. Residents of these slums rioted in 1831, in protest against the Duke of Newcastle's opposition to the Reform Act 1832, setting fire to his residence, Nottingham Castle. Businesses in other sectors founded in 19th-century Nottingham included the Raleigh Bicycle Company and Boots the Chemist. Nottingham was one of the boroughs reformed by the Municipal Corporations Act 1835, and at that time consisted of the parishes of Nottingham