of multiple turns, and airborne steps interweaving and beating the legs into the grotteschi's repertory of movements. However, he makes the distinction that it is not these steps that make the ballerini grotteschi, but rather the body as a "vortex of force" that articulates kinetic principles to get energy out into physical movement in a controlled and concentrated manner. The grotesque bodies are bodies that constantly concentrate and release energy as a characteristic part of their activity. Sources Astington, John (1999). English Court Theatre, 1558-1642 English court theatre, 1558-1642]. Cambridge University Press. Buch, David Joseph (1993). Dance music from the Ballets de cour 1575-1651. Pendragon Press. Harris-Warrick, Rebecca (2005). The grotesque dancer on the eighteenth-century stage: Gennaro Magri and his world. University of Wisconsin Press. Kisselgoff, Anna (1984). "Grotesque Imagery Has Come to Dance". New York Times, April 15, 1984 Thorp, Jennifer (2005). "Eloquent bodies: humanist and grotesque dance", Early Music, November 2005, 33 (4) pp. 702-704. References History of ballet Commedia dell'arte Masques Baroque dance