authority, no further investigation in these two areas was undertaken. Nicaragua In 1984, a CIA manual for training the Nicaraguan Contras in psychological operations and unconventional warfare, entitled "Psychological Operations in Guerrilla Warfare", became public. The manual recommended "selective use of violence for propagandistic effects" and to "neutralize" (i.e., kill) government officials. Nicaraguan Contras were taught to lead: The manual also recommended: The CIA claimed that the purpose of the manual was to "moderate" activities already being done by the Contras. See also List of CIA controversies United States President's Commission on CIA Activities within the United States References Central Intelligence Agency controversies Human rights abuses Targeted killing