428 (Ghost) 429 (Bison) 430 (City of Sudbury) 431 (Iroquois) 432 (Leaside) 433 (Porcupine) 434 (Bluenose) 435 (Chinthe) 436 (Elephant) 437 (Husky) 438 (Wildcat) 439 (Westmount) 440 (City of Ottawa and Beaver) 441 (Silver Fox) 442 (Caribou) 443 (Hornet) A further four squadrons served outside North America during the war: No. 162 Squadron RCAF, which in 1944 was transferred from RCAF Eastern Air Command to RAF Coastal Command, from airfields in Iceland and Scotland and; three Air Observation Post (AOP; artillery spotter) squadrons, composed of RCAF and Royal Canadian Artillery personnel: No. 664 Squadron RCAF; No. 665 Squadron RCAF and; No. 666 Squadron RCAF. Some non-Article XV RCAF squadrons were re-numbered to become Article XV squadrons when they were transferred from North America to Europe. These were: No. 1 Squadron (later 401 Sqn), which fought in the Battle of Britain; No. 110 Squadron (later 400 Sqn), No. 112 Squadron (later 402 Sqn), and No. 123 Squadron (later 439 Sqn), which were Army Co-operation Squadrons while still in Canada; No. 111 Squadron (later 440 Sqn) and No. 14 Squadron (later 442 Sqn), who had been part of RCAF Western Air Command and had already seen action in the Aleutian Islands Campaign; and No. 118 Squadron (later 438 Sqn), No. 125 Squadron (later 441 Sqn) and No. 127 Squadron (later 443 Sqn), who had been part of Eastern Air Command. However, most of the RCAF Article XV squadrons were formed overseas. Domestically the Home War Establishment of the RCAF, which consisted of Eastern and Western Air Commands, had at its peak 37 squadrons. Following the end of the war and termination of the BCATP, the RCAF squadrons covered by Article XV retained their numbers. Furthermore, home-based, non-Article XV squadrons were renumbered in the 400-series. During an expansion of the RCAF in the early 1950s the numbers 444 to 449 were used, and – following the 1968 unification of the three service branches – a Canadian Army helicopter squadron became known as 450 Squadron (a name that overlapped the RAAF numbers). Royal Australian Air Force Australia formed 17 Article XV squadrons, out of a total of 79 RAAF squadrons, during World War II. While 18 squadrons had been originally planned for service with the RAF, No. 465 Squadron was never formed. The remaining 57 RAAF squadrons served under the operational control of the RAAF or United States Army Air Forces, in the South