the 19th and early 20th centuries. A significant part of that confusion stemmed from rivalry between botanist Richard Anthony Salisbury and members of Britain's scientific establishment such as James Smith. In many cases, Salisbury rushed out his own descriptions of new taxa based on talks he had heard at institutions such as the Royal Society before they could be published by the genuine identifier. In 1866, Richard Anthony Salisbury created the genus Themis and placed this species into it as Themis ixioides. In 1879, Baker placed the species under the genus Milla (Baker. In: J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 11: 383. (1870)). In 1879, S. Watson placed the species under the genus Brodiaea (S.Watson. In: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 14: 238. (1879)). In 1886, Edward Lee Greene published a wholesale re-evaluation of Triteleia and related genera. In 1891, Kuntze placed it in Hookera (Kuntze. In: Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 712. (1891)). In 1894, Edward Lee Greene placed it in Calliprora (Greene. In: Man. Bot. San Francisco: 318. (1894)). Phylogeny and subspecies There are five recognized subspecies: ssp. analina – middle and high elevations () in the Sierra Nevada and southern Cascade ranges and west to the southeast fringes of the Klamath Range ssp. cookii – a rare subspecies found in the Santa Lucia Range along the central California coast ssp. ixioides – common below in the Coast Ranges of central and northern California from Big Sur north to San Bruno Mountain ssp. scabra – widespread in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada up to with isolated populations in the San Emigdio and Tehachapi Mountains and in southwestern Oregon; similar plants have been collected from northern Baja California, Mexico, but not formally described ssp. unifolia – confined to a few areas of the central and northern Sierra Nevada foothills Distribution and habitat Triteleia ixioides grows mostly in California, in an arc from the Transverse Ranges north through the Sierra Nevada, into the southern Cascade Range and the southeast slopes of the Klamath Range. References Sources External links Calphotos gallery ixioides Flora of California Flora of Oregon Flora of the Cascade Range Flora of the Sierra Nevada (United States) Natural history of the California chaparral and woodlands Natural history of the California Coast Ranges Flora without expected TNC conservation status