may have existed earliest from the mid-Holocene epoch with some artefacts potentially belonging to the Harappan culture. Three-interval period theory According to this view, Soanian technological culture evolved throughout three broad intervals during the Middle Pleistocene period from circa 774,000 to 129,000 years ago. Scholars of this view believe the technological culture potentially belonged to the ancient hominid group: homo erectus. The three intervals are known as Pre-Soan, Early Soan, and Late-Soan. The exact dating of these periods is unknown due to tools often being found in undateable surface contexts. This view is developed out of Helmut de Terra and Thomas Thomson Paterson’s early work in the Siwalik region. Paterson, in analysing the terrace sequence along the Soan valley in Pakistan, believed that several Soanian technological phases existed within the glacial and interglacial period. Pre-Soan and Early Soanian tools are considered as mostly heavy-duty tools like choppers and core scrapers derived from Lower paleolithic technological culture of the region. These tools contrast with Late-Soan tools which consist of flake tools that are smaller in sizes and for finer purposes. Single distinct technological culture Scholars of this view suggest Soanian technology did not evolve in three intervals, but rather all belong to one distinct period in early homo sapien history during the mid-Holocene epoch. Scholars began to question the three-interval theory when both early Soanian tools and Late-Soanians tools started to be found together along the same undatable sites. To continue, the Soan river ‘terraces’ observed by de Terra and Paterson were later discovered to be erosional features rather than terrace sequences that would suggest the prehistorical timing of the artefacts. Second, new findings by the father and son duo Anujot Singh Soni and Vidwan Singh Soni have found Soanian tools on datable sites near Northwestern sub-Himalaya. These sites were dated to be from mid to late mid-Holocene. On some of the sites, potsherds and weathered red ware with coarse fabric were also discovered. These artefacts are believed to have belonged to the Harappan civilization that later lived in villages on the sub-Himalayas. These are early human civilizations that emerged from antecedent agricultural communities of hills bouldering the Indus alluvial plain. Anthropological relation to homo sapiens Anatomically modern humans (i.e. Homo sapiens) are believed to emerge from Africa within the Soanian time period around 300,000 years ago, its been argued that their ways of life changed relatively little from that of