as well as the editor Wilhelm Wolff. From 1871 the settlement was part of Germany, and during World War II, in December 1939, the Germans established the Oflag VIII-B high-security prisoner-of-war camp in the fortress. In total around 300 POWs were held in the camp from January 1940 to mid-1941, and almost all were Polish officers, plus one French lieutenant. There were poor sanitary conditions, the officers were malnourished, did not have the proper medical care, and three officers died. The Poles tried to escape several times, and in the best-known attempt 10 Poles escaped from the camp in May 1940. Seven escapees were soon captured by the Germans, while three made their way through German-occupied Czechia, Slovakia, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Greece and Turkey to Mandatory Palestine, where they joined the Polish Independent Carpathian Rifle Brigade. After Germany's defeat in World War II in 1945, the settlement became again part of Poland. The fort is one of Poland's official national Historic Monuments (Pomnik historii), as designated May 1, 2004. Its listing is maintained by the National Heritage Board of Poland. See also Eulengebirgsbahn References Villages in Ząbkowice Śląskie County 14th-century establishments in Poland Populated places established in the 14th century Former populated places in Lower Silesian Voivodeship