Epithelial membrane protein 3 (EMP3) is a trans-membrane signaling molecule that is encoded by the myelin-related gene EMP3. EMP3 is a member of the peripheral myelin protein gene family 22-kDa (PMP22), which is mainly responsible for the formation of the sheath of compact myelin. Although the detailed functions and mechanisms of EMP3 still remain unclear, it is suggested that EMP3 is possibly epigenetically linked to certain carcinomas. Structure EMP3 is a protein composed of a 163-amino acid sequence, which is expressed from its gene located on the band of the 19q13.3 in the Homo sapiens chromosome. EMP3 has the highest expression in the peripheral blood leukocytes compared to the expression in other body tissues. The protein is characterized by 4 transmembrane domains and two N-linked glycosylation sites in the first extracellular loop. Function EMP3 is a transmembrane protein which participates in cell to cell interaction and cell proliferation. Overexpression and silencing of EMP3 both interrupt the normal expression of the EMP3 gene, which induces the progression (and formation) of cancers. Based on these properties of EMP3 and the prognostic analyses on several types of tumors and cancers, EMP3 has a tumor-suppressor-like role in regulating differentiation, apoptosis and development of cancer cells. However, the detailed mechanism still needs to be investigated. Tumorgenesis and carcinogenesis Primary breast carcinomas The detailed functions as well as the mechanism of EMP3 in the development of various carcinomas have remained unclear. However, it was found that the levels of expression of EMP3 mRNA have a positive correlation in primary breast carcinomas. According to the study, EMP3 mRNA has a higher level of expression in the carcinoma compared to normal breast tissues. The overexpression of EMP3 has a significant correlation with histological grade III, lymph node metastasis, and strong Her-2 expression. Additionally, the hypermethylation on the promoter region of EMP3 has appeared in about 35% of the studies breast carcinoma cases. However, higher EMP3 expression levels occur in patients with both types of breast carcinomas, regardless of the promoter regions of EMP3 being hypermethylated or unmethylated. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is mainly caused by the chronic infections of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus, become one of the major causes of cancer mortality worldwide in the recent years. EMP3 expression in HCC tumor cells has a higher expression level than that it does in normal tissues at similar regions of the liver. It