of Earned Doctorates represent samples of those surveyed. A third approximation is introduced by combining disciplines which show opposite trends in the utilization of their hiring pools, such as chemistry and chemical engineering. More accurate data and comparisons are available from the Nelson Diversity Surveys (Table 11), which give more accurate comparisons by including all professors regardless of national origin, by getting populations instead of samples, and by treating the disciplines separately. See also Association for Women in Science (AWIS) Women in science Women in medicine United States National Academy of Sciences References National Academy of Sciences, Beyond Bias and Barriers: Fulfilling the Potential of Women in Academic Science and Engineering (National Academies Press, 2006) () Laurel Haak (National Research Council) and Alice Agozino (Committee member), "Beyond Bias and Barriers: Press for the National Academies' Report", last updated Feb. 2, 2007 (available at Agozino's website, last visited Dec. 1, 2007). Ana Mari Cauce, "Women in Science: Looking Beyond Bias and Barriers," Editorial, The Seattle Times, (Dec. 19, 2006). Doug Lederman, "The Real Barriers for Women in Science", Inside Higher Ed, (Sept. 19, 2006). Cornelia Dean, "Institutions Hinder Female Academics, Panel Says", New York Times, (Sept. 18, 2006). National Academy of Sciences, "Broad National Effort Urgently Needed to Maximize Potential of Women Scientists and Engineers in Academia", Press Release, (Sept. 18, 2006). Tabitha M. Powledge, "Beyond Bias and Barriers" (Science Careers", Science, (Oct. 13, 2006). Lonnie Shekhtman, "Experts Meet at AAAS to Evaluate Ways to Recruit and Retain Women in S&T", AAAS News Release (Oct. 30, 2006). Maxine Singer, "Beyond Bias and Barriers", Editorial, Science, v.314, n. 5801, p. 893 (Nov. 10, 2006). John Tierney, "Academy of P.C. Sciences", Editorial, New York Times (Sept. 26, 2006). Footnotes Further research Powerpoint presentation used for NAS press conference External links Institute for Women in Trades, Technology and Science (IWITTS) Women and science Science books Gender studies books Gender studies literature 2006 non-fiction books