chemical weapons include sulphur mustards and spray tanks; the former could be the worst to sabotage the Ethiopian armies. According to the Soviet estimates, 15,000 Ethiopians casualties were victim of chemical weapons. Throughout their occupation, trade routes increasingly became spatial growth; in the last quarter of the century, Addis Ababa experienced profound road and trade route; opening the pavement to Adama and the Ethio-Djibouti trade corridor to the north of Ethiopian cities, Moyale with Kenyan territories to the southwest, and trade route with Sudan to the west. The Italian ambition was to make Addis Ababa the new beautified capital city and launched competitive master plan gathered by architects Marcello Piacentini, Alessandro Bianchi, Enrico Del Debbio, Giuseppe Vaccaro, Le Corbusier, Ignazio Guidi and Cesare Valle. Despite contradictory and different ideas from each individual, the plan expected to focus more general architectural plan of the city. In the preparation, two plans were approved; the Le Corbusier and Guidi and Valle. During meeting Mussolini, the French Swiss architect prepared guideline sketch that demonstrates monumental structure traversed by grand boulevard across the city from north to south, extracted from his Radiant City concept from 1930 to 1933. His theory likely approaching urbanization and placement of colonial military headquarter in front of traffic square. The Guildi and Valle's master plan prepared in the summer 1936 more emphasized the fascist ideology and their monumental icons, with no native Ethiopian involvement of the designing sector. With two parallel axis, European charactered designed to connect Arada area/Giyorgis to the railway station in the south end, five kilometers long with varying width between 40 and 90 meters. After the Italian army in Ethiopia was defeated by the British army (with the help of Arbegnoch), during the liberation of Ethiopia in the Second World War, Emperor Haile Selassie returned to Addis Ababa on 5 May 1941—five years to the very day after he had departed—and immediately began the work of re-establishing his capital. It was abandoned in favor of Amba Alagi and other redoubts during the war. Post-Italian occupation (1941–1974) In aftermath, Addis Ababa suffered from transient economic recession and rapid population growth that was initiated by the Italian occupation; the inner-city borne urban morphology whereas the peripheral area sprawling urbanization. In 1946, Haile Selassie invited famous British master plan designer Sir Patrick Abercrombie, who want to beautify the city and role model for Africa. Abercrombie started organizing module with