The history of Addis Ababa, capital of Ethiopia, formally begins with the founding of the city in the 19th century by Ethiopian Emperor Menelik II and his wife Empress Taytu Betul. In the Middle Ages, Addis Ababa depicted as a fortified city named "Barara", and served as residence of Emperor of Ethiopian Empire until Dawit II. It was totally plundered by Adalite general Ahmed Gran in 1529, at the onset of Ethiopian–Adal War. Prior to the establishment of present-day Addis Ababa the location was called Finfinne in the Oromo language, which attests the presence of hot springs. The area was inhabited by various Oromo clans. Prehistory A DNA studies shows from 1,000 people that humans began migrating from Addis Ababa vicinity around the globe for 100,000 years. Other studies confirmed that Africans have more diverse gene than other continents, but new research indicated genetic diversity declination steadily happens while ancestors travelled to Addis Ababa, which roughly a site of exiting "out of Africa" migration. Science journal offered a deductive evidence that ancient explorers emerged from the region to colonized the rest of continents. Similarity, the Nature published that the greater geographic distance between a population and its African ancestors, the more accumulated gene changes occurs. Middle Ages Barara, a medieval prosperous fortified city, dated to mid-16th century, served a basis of commerce centre. It also served a residence of Ethiopian royal lords and emperors until Dawit II, diplomats and even for church leaders. The notability of this city led an inclusion of world map. Corroborating evidence found in debris found in Addis Ababa vicinity, with footnotes and correspondence with scholastic works. Notable scholars in this subject include Bretenits, Richard Pankhurst, Falchetta, and Fra Mario in his world map. Subsequently, contemporary scholars such Professor Getatchew Haile's published and unpublished account those medieval findings. Barara almost fully sacked by Adalite general Ahmed ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi (Ahmed Gran) during the Ethiopian–Adal War in 1529; within 14 years, he burnt several churches, historical books, antiques item of Barara, killing thousands people, and stole gold, silver and silicon furnishing. 19th-century Prelude Regarding the foundation, Mount Entoto has been a watershed for establishment of Addis Ababa. Addis Ababa is surrounded by Entoto to the north, Yerrer to the east, and the most prominent Menagesha to the west. The area generally served as a garrison town of which generals allocated an encampment (safar) to settle troops. According