the first regular customs duty on wool and leather. 11 September – an earthquake in southern England damages churches at Glastonbury and is felt across the country. Llywelyn ap Gruffudd refuses to pay homage to Edward I; Llywelyn's proxy bride Eleanor de Montfort (Edward's cousin) is captured at sea off the south-west of England and held prisoner at Windsor Castle as a bargaining counter for Llywelyn's compliance. Statute of the Jewry forbids Jews from charging interest on loans. 1276 November – Edward I invades Wales. Merton College, Oxford, is first recorded as having a collection of books, making its Library the world's oldest in continuous daily use. 1277 9 November – Treaty of Aberconwy by which Llywelyn was to retain control of Gwynedd in return for paying homage to England while Edward was to rule the remainder of Wales. St George's Cross is first recorded in use as the national flag of England. 1278 June or July – Robert Burnell elected to the Archbishopric of Canterbury. 7 August – Statute of Gloucester defines competences of local courts and establishes legal procedures for claiming a right to privileges. 13 October – the King allows his cousin Eleanor de Montfort to marry Llywelyn ap Gruffudd at Worcester Cathedral. 17 November – all Jews in England imprisoned on suspicion of coin clipping. 1279 January – Pope Nicholas III quashes the election of Robert Burnell to the Archbishopric of Canterbury. 25 January – John Peckham enthroned as Archbishop of Canterbury against the wishes of the King. The first of the Statutes of Mortmain prevents land from passing into possession of the church. December – new coinage issued, including the first groats and round farthings and a new silver halfpenny. Itinerant royal judges are ordered to inquire into confederacies against justice, thus effectively making conspiracy a crime. The Royal Mint moves to the Tower of London by this year. Further round of Hundred Rolls commissioned. Births 1270 Approximate date – Andrew Harclay, 1st Earl of Carlisle, military leader (executed 1323) 1272 April – Joan of Acre, daughter of King Edward I (died 1307) 1273 24 November – Alphonso, Earl of Chester, son of Edward I (died 1284) 1274 Approximate date – Adam Murimuth, ecclesiastic and chronicler (died 1347) 1275 15 March – Margaret of England, Duchess of Brabant, daughter of King Edward I (died after 1333) 18 August – Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1st Baron Badlesmere