The Ciskei Defence Force (CDF) was established during March 1981 from the 141 Battalion of the South African Defence Force (SADF). It was the defence force of Ciskei, a bantustan that was controlled by the apartheid regime of South Africa. The CDF functioned as part of the 21 Battalion based near Lenasia, outside Johannesburg. Overview In 1993 the total troop count of the CDF was 2000. The defence expenditure for Ciskei for 1991/2 was R76,883,000 and for the period of 1993/94 it was R99,910,000. Organisation and structure According to Jakkie Cilliers, the CDF consisted of the following: Defence Headquarters Originally located at Jong'umsobomvu (outside King William's Town), however, in 1993 the CDF's headquarters moved to the Parliament Buildings in Bhisho. Jong'umsobomvu retained the following: Logistic Depot: including general equipment, uniforms, daily maintenance, rations, fuel, etc. Maintenance and Construction Unit Training Centre. One Ciskei Battalion The battalion consisted of 900 men and were stationed at Bhisho; it consisted of: 3 companies of which 2 had Mamba mine-protected vehicles a small support company a large Light Workshop Troop and signals workshops which served the whole of the CDF Two Ciskei Battalion The battalion consisted of 700 men and was stationed at Keiskammahoek; it consisted of: 3 companies with Mamba mine-protected vehicles a small support company. Air Wing Situated at Bisho Airport a.k.a. Bulembu; it consisted of: two Shorts Skyvan light transport aircraft for paratroopers and general air transport three MBB/Kawasaki BK 117 helicopters three light fixed wing aircraft for communication flights, etc. (Cessna 150) two Britten-Norman Islanders for personnel and freight transport Piper Cub There was a special forces/parachute company stationed at Bulembu, the core of a possible future parachute regiment. The Ciskei military band was also stationed at Bulembo and fell under the Air Wing for administrative purposes. Auxiliary The CDF's auxiliary according to Jakkie Cilliers consisted of, quote: "The CDF had semi-permanent company bases at Alice and Kama/Whittlesea. There are also Auxiliary Services for which the CDF provided training and certain administrative functions. These Services are tasked with the protection of chiefs and headmen. These forces are controlled by structures within the Council of State. There is also a decentralised medical and signals element. Ranks Officers Other Equipment The CDF was equipped for counter-insurgency (COIN) operations. The CDF had one 25 pounder field gun for ceremonial purposes and used R4/R5 assault rifles. The 7,62 mm Light Machine Gun issued was