that after having been passed a vote of no confidence against the Chief Minister, there is no other member of the Provincial Assembly to command the confidence of the majority of the members of the Provincial Assembly, in a session of the Provincial Assembly summoned for the purpose. Executive Authority of a province Executive Authority is exercised by the Governor and under Article 105, he shall act in accordance with advice of the cabinet or the Chief Minister. Appointment and ascertainment of Chief Minister According to clause 2-A of Article 130, the Governor of a Province invites the member of the Provincial Assembly to be the Chief Minister who commands the confidence of the majority of the members of the Provincial Assembly as ascertained in the session of the Assembly summoned for the purpose in accordance with the provisions of the constitution. Powers and functions of Provincial Assembly There are three major functions or powers of a Provincial Assembly: To make laws (Article 141 and 142 of the Constitution of Pakistan) To manage the purse of the province (Article 123 (3)) To keep checks on the policies and practices of the Government (Article 130) Limitations One of the major functions of the Provincial Assembly is to make laws as provided in Article 141 and 142 of the Constitution for conferring of functions upon officers or authorities subordinate to the Provincial Governments, Constitutionally. This function is subject to some limitations. Under Article 142, a Provincial Assembly cannot legislate when an emergency is declared in the country. A Provincial Assembly cannot make law which is against fundamental rights. Principles of policy or rule of law should be the base of each law. A law cannot be enacted if it is not in conformity with the injunctions of Islam. Under Article 142, the Provincial Assembly cannot legislate on matters which fall in the Federal Legislative List. Residuary List The Provincial Assembly has exclusive powers to make law with respect to any matter not enumerated in the Federal Legislative List. Residuary matters are exclusively within Provincial autonomy. From the above, it cannot be extracted that the Province is subordinate to the Federation or Federation is subordinate to Province. In fact, legislative powers are distributed between Federation and Provinces via Article 142. And one institution cannot take over powers of other institution. However, this provincial law making power comes to an end and shifts to