death of Madog ap Maredudd, prince of Powys, at Whittington, Powys is permanently divided into two and shared between his sons, including Gruffydd Maelor, Owain Brogyntyn and Owain Cyfeiliog. 1162 3 June – David FitzGerald, Bishop of St David's, and Nicholas ap Gwrgant, Bishop of Llandaff, assist in the consecration of Thomas Becket as Archbishop of Canterbury. 1163 19 May - David FitzGerald, Bishop of St David's, attends a council of Pope Alexander III at Tours. Owain Cyfeiliog and his cousin Owain Fychan capture and destroy the royal castle of Carreghofa. Owain Gwynedd musters an assembly of Welsh leaders at Corwen, in opposition to King Henry II of England, which is attended by Owain's brother Cadwaladr. Cadwallon ap Madog and his brother Einion ap Madog, Owain Cyfeiliog and others. Owain Gwynedd also begins diplomacy with France - the first Welsh ruler known to have done so. 1164 30 January - David FitzGerald, Bishop of St David's, is among the signatories of the Constitutions of Clarendon. Strata Florida Abbey is founded. 1165 King Henry II of England invades Wales via Oswestry; Owain Gwynedd gathers an army composed of the forces of the several of the other native rulers of Wales and camps at Corwen. After a few skirmishes, Henry withdraws up Berwyn mountain for security and eventually felly retreats to England without fighting. Although Henry cites bad weather as the reason for his withdrawal, the Welsh troops, under the same skies, remained in the field; from now on, Owain is considered prince of Wales. This was a signal success for Owain and was recorded as such by contemporary English chronicler, John of Salisbury. Similarly, Owain's successes against Henry are mentioned in the diplomatic messages exchanged with the French king, Louis VII. Cardigan Castle is captured and Robert Fitz-Stephen is taken prisoner by the Lord Rhys of Deheubarth. 1165 Cardigan Castle is taken by Rhys ap Gruffydd and destroyed. Its constable Robert Fitzstephen becomes Rhys's prisoner. Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd makes a successful raid on Tegeingl. 1167 Owain Gwynedd and his brother Cadwaladr take the castles of Rhuddlan and Prestatyn. David Fitzgerald, Bishop of St David's, persuades Rhys ap Gruffydd to release Robert Fitzstephen (David's half-brother). Owain Cyfeiliog, having entered into an alliance with the English, loses the commote of Caereinion when he is attacked by joint forces of Owain Gwynedd and Rhys ap Gruffydd. 1170 November - The death of Owain