Maximilien Chaudoir, or Maximilien, baron de Chaudoir, (12 September 1816, Ivnitsa, near Zhitomir – 6 May 1881, Amélie-les-Bains) was a Russian entomologist. He was a specialist in Coleoptera and in particular the Carabidae. His Cicindelidae are conserved by the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle in Paris. His Carabidae were acquired by Charles Oberthür (1845–1924), then given to the same museum. He wrote Mémoire sur la famille des Carabiques, 6 volumes commencing 1848. Life and work Chaudoir was born in Ivnitza, about 30 kilometres from Jitomir, Ukraine. The family may come from a line of French Protestant emigrants who fled in 1685 or from Belgium. The subsequent roots have been traced to Antoine de Chaudoire from Poland whose son worked in the court of Stanislas-Auguste Poniatowski until his abdication in 1795, after which he moved to Bavaria where he received the hereditary title of Baron from Maximilien Joseph II in 1814. His son Stanislav (1790–1858) married Aglae d'Erggelet and Maximilien was their only son. Stanislav was a wealthy collector who donated his books and collectibles to the Hermitage Museum. Maximilien was raised by his aunt as his mother died after his birth. Jean Wavre, a private tutor introduced him to natural history and insects. He began collecting carabid beetles in 1826. He was sent to study law at Tartu (Dorpat), although not interested in law, he knew that J.F. Eschscholtz taught zoology there. Unfortunately for him, Eschscholtz died a few weeks before he joined the university, and Chaudoir began to work on his collections at the museum. He was encouraged by Count Gustave de Mannerheim and in 1834 he travelled around Germany and met Louis Chevrolat in Hamburg. He became a member of the Entomological Society of France in 1834. He moved to Kiev and then joined the Societe Imperiale des Naturlistes de Moscou in 1837. In 1845 Chaudoir visited Crimea and became interested in the Caucasus region. In 1847 he became a member of the Entomologische Verein, Stettin. In 1848 he bought the Faldermann collection followed by another collection of Himalayan beetles from Captain W. E. Boys in 1850 and still later Gory's collection in 1852. He married Elisabeth-Augusta Bockshanine on February 28, 1856. They had a daughter and a son. His daughter Marie however died in 1879 at the age of 22 from tuberculosis. Chaudoir died from a stroke on 6 May 1881 and was buried next to his daughter