instructed in the experimental design). The experiment was interested in the behavior of the second group of men. The next pairing was designed to partner a stranger with a friend. Researchers were trying to see when a friend was helped more than a stranger and when a stranger was helped more than a friend. The results supported their hypothesis. In 10 out of 13 sessions, when relevance was high (told that this activity measures important verbal and leadership skills) the stranger was helped more than a friend. Also, in 10 out of 13 sessions, when relevance was low (subjects were told that this activity determined nothing of importance) the friend was helped more than the stranger. The prediction of the self-evaluation maintenance theory was strongly supported. Having previously discovered that the most positive evaluations occurred in participants when have low-relevance with high closeness to another individual, Tesser (1989) sought to test whether emotional arousal mediated this relation. In the above sibling sport examples, it is evident that the self-evaluation process is an emotionally stimulating one. Tesser was interested in whether the emotional effect was a side-effect of the self-evaluation process, or whether it was a mediating effect (i.e. whether it was a partial factor influencing the evaluation). Tesser believed that if emotion was a mediating factor, that if emotional arousal was engaged and misattributed, that the self-evaluation process would be activated with all other factors controlled. To test, subjects arrived in pairs that knew one another prior. Two conditions were given vitamin C pills, where in the control condition they were truthfully told the pills would have no effect, and in the misattribution condition, they were told these pills would cause arousal, activating a placebo effect. Subjects then completed both relevant and non-relevant tasks, both with other subjects close and not close with them, then ratings of the other participants were measured. The results found that subjects in the misattribution condition had much more extreme ratings of other participants. When the task was high in relevancy, the subject rating the other participant much worse than the control condition. The findings show that while emotional activation is not the only factor determining evaluations, it is a mediating factor with some effect. Zuckerman & Jost (2001) compares the self-evaluation maintenance theory to the work of Feld (1991). As the self-evaluatory maintenance theory would lead one to judge a stranger higher than their