A Jazz Symphony is a jazz-influenced classical work by avant-garde composer George Antheil. Written in 1925, it was premiered at his infamous 1927 Carnegie Hall Concert which also debuted the succès de scandale Ballet Mécanique. It was originally intended to be used in Paul Whiteman's Experiment in Modern Music (which famously premiered George Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue) concerts, but was deemed too radical. The original version was scored for a large orchestra. For convenience, Antheil reorchestrated the work in 1955 for a much more conservative ensemble, a version which also rids itself of the many dissonances and noises of the original. It was performed by the Harlem Symphonietta conducted by W.C. Handy, and was praised by the likes of Gershwin and Aaron Copland. Despite this critical success, it was overshadowed by the spectacle of the main work, Ballet Mécanique. The work can be seen with Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue and Darius Milhaud's La création du monde as one of the first classical works with a successful and overt jazz influence. Furthermore, while Gershwin's piece is more influenced by big band and swing, Milhaud's and Antheil's works can be seen as reinterpretations of the large freeness of Creole and New Orleans and cutting-edge New York jazz. Instrumentation The 1925 version calls for a large orchestra consisting of the following instruments: Woodwinds 2 oboes 2 clarinets in B soprano saxophone in B alto saxophone in E tenor saxophone in B Brass 3 trumpets in C 3 trombones tuba Percussion xylophone glockenspiel steamboat whistle drum set Keyboards 3 pianos (piano I solo) Strings 2 banjos (2nd optionally doubling guitar) string section In contrast the 1955 version calls for a much smaller ensemble: Woodwinds 1 flute 3 clarinets Brass 3 trumpets 3 trombones Percussion timpani drum set xylophone glockenspiel Keyboards piano Strings 2 violins I 1 violin II viola cello double bass References Antheil, George (1945). Bad Boy of Music. New York, Da Capo Press. Compositions by George Antheil Compositions for piano and orchestra 1925 compositions Jazz compositions