have occurred since 1950, with four of the five warmest decades in the last 2,000 years occurring between 1950 and 2000. The last decade was the warmest in the record. See also Alaska Current Aleutian Low Arctic dipole anomaly Arctic front Arctic haze Arctic methane release Arctic oscillation Arctic Report Card Arctic sea ice decline Arctic sea ice ecology and history Beaufort Gyre Beringia Climate of the Nordic countries East Greenland Current Ellesmere Ice Shelf European windstorm Greenland Icelandic Low Labrador Current Midnight sun North Atlantic Current Oyashio Current Permafrost Petermann Glacier Polar climate Polar easterlies Polar high Polar low Polar meteorology Polar vortex Siberian High Squamish (wind) Subarctic climate Taiga and tundra West Greenland Current Antarctica Antarctica cooling controversy Climate of Antarctica Global warming in Antarctica Notes Bibliography ACIA, 2004 Impacts of a Warming Arctic: Arctic Climate Impact Assessment. Cambridge University Press. IPCC, 2007: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H.L. Miller (eds.)). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 996 pp. NOAA's annually updated Arctic Report Card tracks recent environmental changes. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Arctic Sea Ice Continues to Decline, Arctic Temperatures Continue to Rise In 2005. Accessed September 6, 2007. National Snow and Ice Data Center. All About Sea Ice. Accessed October 19, 2007. National Snow and Ice Data Center. Cryospheric Climate Indicators: Sea Ice Index. Accessed September 6, 2007. National Snow and Ice Data Center. NSIDC Arctic Climatology and Meteorology Primer. Accessed August 19, 2007. Przybylak, Rajmund, 2003: The Climate of the Arctic, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, MA, USA, 270 pp. Serreze, Mark C. and Roger Graham Barry, 2005: The Arctic Climate System, Cambridge University Press, New York, 385 pp. UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme), 2007: Global Outlook for Ice & Snow, Chapter 5. United States Central Intelligence Agency, 1978: Polar Regions Atlas, National Foreign Assessment Center, Washington, DC, 66 pp. USSR State Committee on Hydrometeorology and Environment, and The Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (chief editor A.F. Treshnikov), 1985: Atlas Arktiki (Atlas of the Arctic), Central Administrative Board of Geodesy and Cartography of the Ministerial Council of the USSR, Moscow, 204 pp (in Russian with some English summaries). [Государственный Комитет СССР по Гидрометеорологии и Контролю Природной