is by convention treated as interchangeable with Yod, for example נִבְנֵית (, being built f.), root ב־נ־ה (or ב־נ־י). In Arabic the corresponding verbs are written with ʾalif maqṣūra, which represents a similar interchange of the letters yāʾ (ي) and ʾalif (ا). Some verbs in which the first letter of the root is Yod (פ״י‎), for example הֵיטִיב (, he did well), root י־ט־ב. In standard spelling without niqqud Yod is written to represent the [e] sound in words formed in the pattern heCCeC (הֶקְטֵל), in which the first and the second consonants of the root merge, even though the vowel there is not tzere, but seggol, for example הֶשֵּׂג (, achievement; root נ־שׂ־ג, without niqqud הישג). Nonstandard usage of Yod to represent tzere In texts with full niqqud – mostly poetry, religious and children books – tzere is usually written in accordance with the rules mandated by the Academy. The Academy defined some cases in which a Yod is added to texts without niqqud to signify an sound, but in common usage Yod is often written or not written contrary to the standard. Some notable common deviations from the standard in which a Yod is added include: Some words are often written with Yod in texts without niqqud, even though the Yod is not a part of the root and is not written in a text with niqqud. For example: מֵמַד (, dimension), מֵרַב (, Merab, most), שֵׂעָר (, hair) are often written מימד‎, מירב and שיער, even though the standard spelling without niqqud is ממד‎, מרב‎, שער. This goes further as the Yod is retained in declined forms of the word, which aren't written with tzere at all, but with shva; for example, the word שְׂעָרוֹת (, hairs) is frequently written שיערות, although the vowel of the ש is shva (the standard spelling is שערות). Words in the pattern CəCeCa (קְטֵלָה) are often written with a Yod, even though it is not the standard. Examples include בְּרֵכָה (, pool), גְּנֵבָה (, theft), שְׂרֵפָה (, burning), which are often written בריכה‎, גניבה‎, שריפה instead of the standard ברכה‎, גנבה‎, שרפה. Yod is often added in texts without niqqud to represent tzere in the future tense of verbs in which Yod is the first letter of the root, for example יֵשֵׁב (, he will sit) is often written יישב, although the standard spelling is ישב. This spelling may also be