the correct brain pathways. When synapses are stimulated repeatedly that pattern of neural connections is then written into the brain and it becomes a more efficient permanent pathway that allows signals to be quickly transmitted. In terms of language, these pathways need to be created in order to remember and understand the language and communicate with it. During specific periods in a child's development the brain is active in forming connections for different abilities, one of which being language. Infants start out able to distinguish sound and process different auditory stimuli but after six months they are only able to do so in their native language. As infants hear sounds repeated a different cluster of neurons in the auditory cortex of the brain that responds to sound. During preschool years, the development of syntax and grammar takes place. It is during this period that children begin to exhibit symptoms of developmental dysfluency if they have it. At this point, because they are learning language and other motor activities, their brain take in an overload of information and often will backtrack in language development as they try to pair linguistics to sound and syntax. Prevalence and prognosis Preschool children usually go through a period of dysfluency as they attempt to learn linguistic and speech skills. About 10% of these children will experience a speech or language delay that is serious enough for them to benefit from early referral and assessment by a speech language pathologist. Normal dysfluency begins during a child's intensive language years and dissipates as the child continues to grow and develop. These dysfluencies are considered a normal phase of language development. Additionally, 85% of children, before preschool age will experience developmental dysfluency. These children won't require intervention because their dysfluency is a normal part of their development. 1 in 12 children, ages 3–17, will experience issues with their speech that is not considered within the normal realm of developmental dysfluency. However, only half of those individuals will receive intervention and speech therapy. Children who do not require speech therapy will often outgrow the period of dysfluency. Experts find that there is a distinction between childhood dysfluency that will likely correct itself and other disorders such as stuttering. Dysfluency disorders The following disorders can be diagnosed following the years in which speech pattern disruptions could be the result of developmental dysfluency that is common within the age range of