planning to move Chmiel to the West, but these plans were nipped in the bud. Arrest and incarceration Karol Chmiel was arrested by Urząd Bezpieczeństwa agents on 12 December 1947. Together with other members of WiN, he was moved to the infamous Mokotów Prison in Warsaw. For three years, he was tortured, and his family did not know about his whereabouts, as contact with the outside world was strictly prohibited. Trial His show trial began on 5 October 1950 and lasted for five days. Chmiel's family was allowed to enter the courtroom, so he had a chance to see his sons and hand them letters. One of these letters is now displayed in a museum in Jasna Góra. On 14 October 1950, by the order of the Warsaw Area Court, Chmiel was sentenced to death twice. President Bolesław Bierut refused to pardon him and his co-defendants (see: 1951 Mokotów Prison execution). Execution All sentenced persons spent their final night in separate cells. On 1 March 1951 all their private belongings were taken away, their hands were tied and mouths taped. Then they were taken to an old boiler room and shot in the back of the head, while walking down the stairs. Chmiel was executed at 8:15 pm and his body was buried in unknown location. On 17 September 1992 Karol Chmiel was retrospectively cleared of all charges by the Warsaw Military Court. Sources GIMNAZJUM W ZAGORZYCACH GÓRNYCH Notes and references Polish secret police torture methods WiN | Freedom and Independence - A Historical Brief by Dr. Janusz Marek Kurtyka, Ph.D., Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, IPN, Poland. 1911 births 1951 deaths Jagiellonian University alumni People from Ropczyce-Sędziszów County People executed by the Polish People's Republic Nonpersons in the Eastern Bloc Dębica Cursed soldiers Executed Polish people Home Army members Executed military personnel People executed by Poland by firearm Executed people from Podkarpackie Voivodeship