of the title of grand prince of Vladimir, he did take his son Vasily hostage for several years (until he escaped upon his second attempt, and imposed a heavy tribute on all of Vladimir-Suzdalia. Kirpichnikov stated: "There is no dispute that Tokhtamysh's invasion of Moscow slowed the unification of the country and revived the separatism of some local rulers who rival the grand duke." Notes References Further reading (originally published in 1987). (e-book). External links Conflicts in 1382 Moscow 1382 1382 in Europe Moscow (1382) Moscow 14th century in the Grand Duchy of Moscow Military history of Moscow