Theodore James Ryken, CFX ( Theodoor Jacobus Rijken; 1797–1871) was a Dutch Catholic missionary who founded the Xaverian Brothers. Life Theodore James Ryken was born August 30, 1797 in Heusden, the son of devout Catholics Antonius and Maria Anna Beels Rijken. Upon the death of his parents, he was raised by his maternal uncle. He had little formal education and was apprenticed to a shoemaker. At the age of nineteen, he became a Catechist, and later helped to run an orphanage. Some years later there was an outbreak of cholera in Groningen. While helping to nurse the sick, Ryken contracted the disease and nearly died. He made a pilgrimage to Rome in 1826 and the following year entered a Trappist monastery in Germany but did not stay. Ryken came to America in 1831, and remained for three years, serving as a catechist among the missions. His observations in the United States convinced him that Catholic teachers were needed, and, returning to Europe, he planned to establish a teaching institute. In 1837, Ryken returned to the United States, where Joseph Rosati, Bishop of St. Louis, persuaded him to direct his efforts towards the instruction of the large number of immigrant children. Ryken's proposal received the written approval from seven bishops. He made a second pilgrimage to Rome in 1838, and then asked permission from Bishop François-René Boussen, of Bruges, to found a congregation. The bishop consented, but, before the actual foundation, required Ryken to pass a year's novitiate, which he fulfilled with the Redemptorists at Sint-Truiden. The Brothers of St. Francis Xavier, or Xaverian Brothers were established at Bruges in 1839. The beginning was difficult, the founder having, with two or three companions, to struggle against disheartening obstacles. The group grew slowly, but a motherhouse was established on an estate in Bruges. Two primary schools were opened in the city. Some of the brothers acquired teacher training at the Normal school in Sint-Truiden. The rule for the new congregation was drafted by Ryken's confessor and counselor, Jesuit Father Isidore Van de Kerckhove, and approved by Bishop Boussen in 1841. Ryken pronounced the vows of religion in 1846, taking the name Brother Francis Xavier. In 1848, a group of brothers went to England and opened schools in parishes in Bury and Manchester. In 1860, after holding the office of Superior General of the Xaverians for twenty-seven years, he was relieved of his