Huf'al: הֻרְדַּם ('was put to sleep') , מֻסְדָּר ('organized') . It is also correct to write words in this binyan with kamatz katan in the prefix: הָרְדַּם‎, מָסְדָּר (, ). Without niqqud, in any case: הורדם‎, מוסדר. The kubutz is used only if the prefix is a closed vowel, which is the majority of cases. With some root patterns, however, it becomes an open vowel, in which case a shuruk is written: Roots whose first letter is yodh (י‎): הוּטַב ('become better') , root י־ט־ב‎; הוּרַד ('brought down') , root י־ר־ד. Roots whose middle letter is waw (ו) or yodh (י‎): הוּקַם ('erected') , root קום‎; הוּבַן ('understood') , root בין. Roots whose second and third letter are the same: הוּגַן ('protected') , root גננ. In many roots whose first letter is nun (נ) and in six roots whose first two letters are yodh (י) and tsade (צ), this letter is assimilated with the second letter of the root, which in turn takes a complementary dagesh. This makes the syllable of the prefix closed, so accordingly the prefix takes kubutz: הֻסַּע ('driven') , root נסע‎; הֻצַּג ('presented') , root יצג. Without niqqud: הוסע‎, הוצג. Double roots Kubutz appears in some conjugated forms of verbs with roots whose second and third letter are the same (also called double stems and ע"ע). Most of them are rarely used. Examples with verb סָבַב ('turn') in the future tense of binyan qal: אֲסֻבֵּךְ (1 sg. with possessive suffix) תְּסֻבֶּינָה (3 pl. f.) In older texts In the Bible shuruk and kubutz are not always used according to the above consistent rules and sometimes quite arbitrarily. For example, in appear the words: וּמְשֻׁבוֹתַיִךְ תּוֹכִחֻךְ ('and your backslidings shall reprove you', ). Kubutz is used in both of them, even though in the first word the syllable is not closed and the vav is even a part of this word's root, and in the second word the sound is in the last syllable. Contrariwise, a shuruk is used in closed syllables where a kubutz would be expected, for example in - עֲרוּמִּים ('naked', , the plural of עָרֹם, ), instead of the more regular עֲרֻמִּים (in modern Hebrew without niqqud: ערומים). The word נְאֻם (speech, ) is written with kubutz in the Bible. It was previously frequently used to mark the signature on documents (e.g. נאם יוסף לוי - 'so says Yosef Levi'), but this usage