1893 in Chicago Held from 21 to 25 August, in connection with the World's Columbian Exposition, with almost 500 participants. Elisha Gray was the Congress president. A proceedings was published. Refinements to the units of measurement, including the Clark cell, were discussed. Laid down rules for the physical representation: ohm, ampere and volt. Ohm and ampere were defined in terms of the CGS electromagnetic system. The units were named international to distinguish them from the 1881 proposal, hence International System of Electrical and Magnetic Units. 1900 in Paris Held in 18–25 August in connection with the Paris Exposition Universelle. Éleuthère Mascart was the congress president. There were more than 900 participants, about half of which were from France, and about 120 technical papers presented. A two-volume proceedings was published in 1901 Dealt mainly with magnetic units. During this congress, names were proposed for four magnetic-circuit units in the C.G.S. System. Only two were accepted by vote: the C.G.S. unit for magnetic flux ( ) was named maxwell and C.G.S. unit of magnetising force (or magnetic field intensity) was named gauss (H). Some delegates mistakenly believed and reported that the gauss was adopted as the C.G.S. unit of flux density (B). This mistake has been reproduced in contemporary texts, which have cited a mistaken report. It is relevant to note that the Congress's official formulation for the gauss was in French, , which would be translated into English as magnetic field, which has been used to refer both to (B) and (H), noted in magnetic field. In 1930 the International Electrotechnical Commission decided that the magnetic field strength (H) was different from the magnetic flux density (B), but now assigned the gauss to refer to magnetic flux density (B), in contrast to the decision from this Congress. 1904 in St.Louis, Missouri Held from 12 to 17 September 1904, in connection with the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Recommended two permanent international commissions, one about electrical units and standards, the other about unification of nomenclature and characteristics of electrical machines and apparatus. These recommendations are considered the seed that initiated the creation of the International Electrotechnical Commission in 1906. Concurrent Related International Electrical Congresses During the period that the Electrical Congresses were held, other conferences and international Congresses were held, sometimes in preparation to the official Electrical Congresses. These events are listed here. 1882 in Paris Conférence international pour la détermination des unités électriques