and replacing them with diocesan priests. His successor, Jean-Baptiste-Auguste de Villoutreix, continued the policy, and appointed a new principal, Barthelelmy Bover, who was a doctor of the Sorbonne. In 1791, when the oath of allegiance to the Civil Constitution of the Clergy was demanded of all the teachers, they refused and the seminary was closed.<ref>Marie-Madeleine Compère and Dominique Julia, Les collèges français: 16e–18e siècles (Paris: CNRS 1984), pp. 507-508.</ref> Bishops All of the printed lists of bishops are unreliable, down to 1500, both in names and dates. The absence of documents allowed for a great deal of creative reconstruction.Early Bishops of Oleron Gratus of Oloron (attested 506) Agustius Licerius (attested 573 to c. 585) Helarianus (attested 614) Artemon (attested 673/675) Bishops without name of See, or unattestedThese bishops are rejected by Saine-Marthe, Gams, and Duchesne, as well as by Canon Dubarat. Abientius (c. 653) c. 659: Zozime c. 661: Tructémonde c. 668: Arcontius c. 850: Gérard 'Basque' Episcopi Vasconiensis : Gombaldus = Gombaud (mentioned in 977) Arsius Raca (c. 977 - mentioned in 982) Raymond I le Vieux (1033 – deposed 1050) Bishops of Oleron, from 1060 to 1400 Etienne de Mauléon (1060 – after 1068) Amatus, O.S.B. (1073? – 1089) Odon de Bénac (c.1095 – 1101?) Roger I de Sentes/Saintes (1102 – 1114) Arnaud I d'Araux (1114 – 1147) Arnaud II d'Izeste, O.S.B. (1147 – 1168) Bernard I de Sadirac (1168 – 1192) Bernard II de Morlanne (1192 – 1223) [Bernard III (1225)] ? R. (de Massanc) (c. 1231) Guillaume de Castanet (1228–1241) Pierre de Gavarret (1246 – 1254) G[uillaume II de Gaujac] (death 1255) R. (1256–1259) Compaing (c. October 1260 – 1283) Bernard IV de La Mothe (1284–1288) Gérard (Gaillardus, Guillard) de Leduix (30 April 1289 - death 1308) Guillaume Arnaud (10 August 1308 – 1322) Raymond de Saint-Sever, O.S.B. Clun. (mentioned in 1309) Arnaud de Valensun (1323?24 – 1341) Bernard V d'En Julia, C.R.S.A. (4 March 1342 - death 1345? 1347) Bernard de Richano, O.F.M. (? – 1348) Pierre II d'Estiron (1348–1370) Guillaume III d'Assat (1371 – c. 1380) Ogier de Villesangues (1380? – 1396?) (Avignon Obedience) Arnaud Guillaume de Buzy (November 1396? – 1399?) (Avignon Obedience) from 1400 to 1600 Pierre Laforgue/Lafargue (?1400 - ?1403) (Avignon Obedience) Pierre de Montbrun (? – 1404/1407) (Roman Obedience) Sance Muller, O.P. (1406 - 7 February 1418) (Avignon Obedience) Pierre de Limoges, O.E.S.A. (14 February 1418 - 23 August 1419)