demonstrated evidence of electron tunneling between ferritin cores, in structures that correlate to layers of ferritin outside of neuromelanin organelles. Evidence of ferritin layers in cell bodies of large dopamine neurons of the SNc and between those cell bodies in glial cells has also been found, and is hypothesized to be associated with neuron function. Overexpression of ferritin reduces the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and may act as a catalyst by increasing the ability of electrons from antioxidants to neutralize ROS through electron tunneling. Ferritin has also been observed in ordered configurations in lysosomes associated with erythropoiesis, where it may be associated with red blood cell production. While direct evidence of tunneling associated with ferritin in vivo in live cells has not yet been obtained, it may be possible to do so using QDs tagged with anti-ferritin, which should emit photons if electrons stored in the ferritin core tunnel to the QD. Other biological applications Other examples of quantum phenomena in biological systems include the conversion of chemical energy into motion and brownian motors in many cellular processes. References External links Philip Ball (2015). "Quantum Biology: An Introduction". The Royal Institution Quantum Biology and the Hidden Nature of Nature, World Science Festival 2012, video of podium discussion Quantum Biology: Current Status and Opportunities, September 17-18, 2012, University of Surrey, UK Biophysics