in 24 hours. Typical maximum with current technologies are in 15,000 range. High-performance fabrics may get A1 test scores in 10,000 to 15,000 g m−2 d−1 range and usually shows that a fabric has a fairly quick release of moisture, but may not be the best over longer periods of use. Inverted Cup Also known as JIS L 1099 is similar to the ASTM E96-BW test method. A desiccant, Potassium Acetate, is put into a cup and sealed with a piece of ePTFE (Teflon/Stedfast/GoreTex film). The fabric to be tested is then placed over the cup with the fabric side to the cup. The cup is then inverted into a pan of water. Then after period of time the cup is weighed to see how much water has been “pulled” into the cup through the fabric. The weight is then extrapolated to yield the number of grams of fluid passing through a square meter of fabric in 24 hours. The B-1 variant of test method puts membrane in direct contact with water while B-2 variant adds an ePTFE film between the water and the fabric. While B-2 is a good test, it eliminates the effect of fabric when in direct contact with water. When sweat condenses on the inside of a fabric with a hydrophilic laminate, the lamination will actively pull the water through the fabric reducing condensation. This can be a tremendous addition to the comfort of the user. The B-2 test is also best used for non-waterproof fabrics, so the water in the pan does not pass directly through the uncoated fabric. Current upper range is 30,000 g m−2 d−1. Sweating Hot Plate Also known as ISO – 11092 or the Ret or Hohenstein test . In this test, fabric is placed above a porous (sintered) metal plate. The plate is heated and water is channeled into the metal plate, simulating perspiration. The plate is then kept at a constant temperature. As water vapor passes through the plate and the fabric, it causes Evaporative Heat Loss and therefore more energy is needed to keep the plate at a constant temperature. Ret is the measurement of the resistance to evaporative heat loss. The lower the Ret value, the less resistance to moisture transfer and therefore higher breathability. Hohenstein added a unique aspect to their testing. They had real people wear garments made with the fabrics of varying Ret values