was re-instituted in 1882, and Engineer Corps officers were merged into the unrestricted line in 1899. Junior Engineer Corps officers qualified for general line duties at sea, and senior Engineer Corps officers were restricted to shore assignments in their specialties. The restricted line officer concept of "engineering duty only" (EDO) was revived in 1916 when the Engineer Corps officers proved inadequately prepared for the expanded shipbuilding programs of World War I. The EDO designation expanded to include naval architects of the former Construction Corps when the two Corps were merged into the Bureau of Ships in 1940. The consolidation with BuEng into BuShips had its origins when , first of the s to be delivered, was found to be heavier than designed and dangerously top-heavy in early 1939. It was determined that an underestimate by BuEng of the weight of a new machinery design was responsible, and that BuC&R did not have sufficient authority to detect or correct the error during the design process. Initially, Acting Secretary of the Navy Charles Edison proposed consolidation of the design divisions of the two bureaus. When the bureau chiefs could not agree on how to do this, he replaced both chiefs in September 1939. The consolidation was finally effected by a law passed by Congress on 20 June 1940. Commanding officers Commanding and senior officers of the bureau were: 1862–1869: Benjamin Franklin Isherwood, engineer-in-chief 1869–1873: James Wilson King, engineer-in-chief 1873–1877: William Willis Wood, engineer-in-chief 1877–1883: William Henry Shock, commodore 1883–1887: Charles Harding Loring, commodore 1887–1903: George Wallace Melville, rear admiral 1903–1908: Charles Whiteside Rae, rear admiral 1908: John Kennedy Barton, rear admiral 1909–1913: Hutch Ingham Cone, rear admiral 1913–1921: Robert Stanislaus Griffin, rear admiral 1921–1925: John Keeler Robison, rear admiral 1925–1928: John Halligan Jr., rear admiral 1928–1931: Harry Ervin Yarnell, rear admiral 1931–1935: Samuel Murray Robinson, rear admiral 1935–1939: Harold Gardiner Bowen Sr., rear admiral 1939–1940: Samuel Murray Robinson, rear admiral See also Board of Navy Commissioners Bureau of Ships References Citations Bibliography Snyder, Philip W., RADM USN, (February 1979) "Bring Back the Corps", Proceedings of the United States Naval Institute External links 1862 establishments in the United States 1940 disestablishments in the United States Steam Engineering Engineering units and formations of the United States military Marine engineering organizations Military units and formations established in 1862 Military units and formations disestablished in 1940