of existing EICR report. The competent person will then issue an Electrical Installation Condition Report (EICR), also known as Periodic Inspection and Testing Report (PIR), detailing any observed damage, deterioration, defects, dangerous conditions and any non-compliances with the current safety standard which might give rise to danger. If anything dangerous or potentially dangerous is found, the overall condition of the electrical installation will be declared to be 'unsatisfactory', meaning that remedial action is required without delay to remove the risks to those in the premises. A typical classification of faults found is: C1 – Danger present. Risk of injury. Immediate remedial action required. C2 – Potentially dangerous. Urgent remedial action required. C3 – Improvement recommended. FI – Further investigation required. Means Of Protection (MOP) The concept is that no one means of protection should be totally necessary to the device's safety, so that the failure of one should not make the device immediately dangerous. MOP is further divided into MOOP and MOPP. Means Of Operator Protection (MOOP) A concept introduced in the standard for medical electrical equipment IEC 60601-1. Means of Patient Protection (MOPP) Electrical safety standard set forward by standards organizations across the globe such as the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), Canadian Standards Association, and European Commission in IEC60601-1. MOPP safety standards aim to set basic safety requirements for medical electrical equipment. "With hazardous voltages present in a system a robust and reliable approach to isolation is needed such that multiple and un-related insulation system failures would need to occur before an operator or patient is put at risk. To achieve this, two independent measures of protection are required or a single measure of physical isolation such as creepage/clearance or solid insulation deemed equivalent." In addition to the insulation of the device being powered the additional main points the organizations have set forward with the implementation of the MOPP standards are: Leakage current requirements. The maximum allowable patient leakage current is 500µA AC and 50µA DC in normal operation (normal condition, NC) and 1000µA AC or 100µA DC in single failure condition (SFC). Requirements for the input stage. Temperature measurement and requirements. Printed circuit board (PCB) thickness requirements for multilayered boards. The distance for insulation thickness of 0.4 mm or three layers of insulation foil (Prepreg) are acceptable for reinforced insulation. Dielectric testing. Maximum output energy Enclosure and mechanical fire requirements Example Example showing the differences between the