they are and what they’re doing," "if it is a Russian aircraft on a training mission, we allow them to continue to do their job." Canada The Canadian portion of the North American ADIZ is split into two parts: a western zone covering the approaches from the Pacific Ocean to British Columbia and a northeastern zone stretching from the Beaufort Sea in the Arctic Ocean to the Scotian Shelf in the Atlantic Ocean. These zones serve as national defence boundaries for aerial incursions into Canadian sovereign airspace. Any aircraft that wishes to fly in or through the boundary must file either a Defense Visual Flight Rules (DVFR) flight plan or an Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) flight plan before crossing the ADIZ. The aircraft must have an operational radar transponder and maintain two-way radio contact while approaching and crossing the North American ADIZ. Before May 2018, the Canadian ADIZ did not reach beyond 66° N, leaving parts of its sovereign airspace over the Canadian Arctic Archipelago uncovered. With renewed interest in Arctic sovereignty, Canada has since adjusted its ADIZ to encompass all of its airspace and the approaches thereof whilst under the initiative of Defence Minister Harjit Sajjan. Guam The Federal regulation governing ADIZ areas also provides for an ADIZ around Guam. Though like Puerto Rico it is an unincorporated United States territory, the island is home to Andersen Air Force Base, which is one of two major U.S. Air Force strategic bomber bases in the Asia Pacific region, the other being Diego Garcia which is actually on British territory. Washington, D.C. The Washington Air Defense Identification Zone (surrounds the National Capital Region, which is composed of counties of states in the immediate vicinity of the District of Columbia, plus the city of Baltimore) was created in 2003 though some sources refer to it as being created in response to the September 11 attacks. The reason for this confusion is that there are two other sets of flight restrictions over Washington, D.C. besides the DC ADIZ (Washington, DC Metropolitan Area Flight Restricted Zone, FRZ, & Special Federal Aviation Regulation 94, SFAR 94 or just plain Special Flight Rules Area, a zone which envelopes general aviation airports centered around Ronald Reagan airport) established for the purpose. This ADIZ, however, shared none of the regulatory similarity with the border area ADIZes. This airspace was subsequently renamed the DC Flight Restricted Zone and Special