of muddle, corruption, and bureaucratic intrigue. In the end it became an unofficial but meddlesome police in charge of the civil service." During its first three years of operation, Rabkrin was crucial in the development of the growing communist state. The Central Bureau of Complaints (), founded in 1919, was a department of the Rabkrin whose sole purpose was to find and eliminate inefficiency within the state's administration. Any Soviet citizen could file a complaint against a government official through this bureau. Lenin saw thar as giving a voice to the people and a say in their government. After failing its goals and having been severely criticized, such as by Lenin himself, it wss in 1923 merged with the CPSU Party Control Committee to become a joint control organ (PCC-WPI, TsKK-RKI) under a common chairman to oversee state, economy, and the Russian Communist Party. After Lenin died in 1924, Stalin's rise to power saw the Complaints Bureau become a more sinister tool for the new leader. The Complaints Bureau was now used as a channel to encourage Soviet citizens to provide detailed accounts, including evidence and witnesses, of functionaries opposing the state or being part of anti-communist organizations. Many complaints were followed by quick court hearings for the accused, and most cases were then decided upon with or without evidence. In 1929, the Complaints Bureau was combined with the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions Complaint Bureau, another Soviet administrative establishment that was in charge of worker unionization. The merger led to a rise in complaints from both agriculture and industrial sectors until 1934, the year of the abolition of Rabkrin. General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1922, Stalin entrusted the post of People's Commissar of the Workers' and Peasants' Inspectorate to his trusted ally Grigory Ordzhonikidze, who was in office from 1926 to 1930. Under new leadership, Rabkrin pushed for more industrial/military efficiency from other Soviet economic establishments, most notably the Supreme Soviet of the National Economy (Vesenkha) and the State Planning Commission (Gosplan). Along with Stalin’s first five-year plan (1928-1932), Rabkrin became responsible for seeking new industrial investments to reach maximum output with minimum input. From 1929 to 1932, power struggles between Vesenkha, which was charged with the task of increasing industrialization, and Rabkrin became more evident. Constant investigations into Vensenkha's industrial efficiency led to claims from Rabkrin of neglect and deception. However,