The Oregon Health Plan is Oregon's state Medicaid program. It is overseen by the Oregon Health Authority. History The Oregon Health Plan was conceived and realized in 1993 by emergency room doctor (and subsequent Oregon governor) John Kitzhaber, then a state senator, and Dr. Ralph Crawshaw, a Portland activist. It was intended to make health care more available to the working poor, while rationing benefits. During the 1990s, Oregon was considered a national leader in health care reform. The law passed in Oregon was not initially compatible with federal law, so a waiver was needed. President Bill Clinton approved the plan on March 20, 1993, though he required a revision to the plan due to a concern about whether disabled people would have equal access. At the time, Medicaid covered 240,000 Oregonians. In 1994, the plan's first year of operation, nearly 120,000 new members enrolled, and bad debts at Portland hospitals dropped 16%. The cost of the Oregon Health Plan increased from $1.33 billion in 1993–1995 to $2.36 billion in 1999–2001, leading to budget-tightening measures in the early 2000s; significant cuts would follow in 2003. New enrollment in the program was closed from mid-2004 until early 2008, when a lottery-based system was introduced. Tens of thousands of Oregonians signed up, competing for 3,000 openings. In 2008, the Oregon Health Authority began implementing changes to Medicaid policy to increase screening rates and provide more access to services for young children at risk of developmental disorders. Some of these changes included revising certification requirements for patient-centered medical home (PCMH) status to include developmental screenings for children at the 9-month, 18-month, and 30-month well-child visits. The Oregon Health Plan was expanded to cover 80,000 uninsured children through legislation that passed in 2009. The program has enrolled 38,000 additional children through February, 2010. As of 2012, there are more than 100,000 children enrolled. Oregon's proposed Oregon Health Plan (Medicaid) transformation was initiated by Oregon House Bill 3650, which was passed by the state Legislature with bi-partisan support in June 2011. In March, Oregon Senate Bill 1580 was signed into law by Governor John Kitzhaber establishing Coordinated Care Organizations, which will focus on prevention and coordination of physical, mental and dental care for Oregon Health Plan clients. Starting in 2012, Oregon Health Plan clients have a new type of health plan called Coordinated Care Organizations or CCOs. A CCO is a network of all types