a central idea. Future legislation leading up to today's system, Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF), has continued to preserve families by granting aid. In 1935, the Social Security Act created the Aid to Dependent Children (ADC) program, which became Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC). This eventually became TANF, which was reauthorized in the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005. A rebirth of family preservation Family preservation is seeing a rebirth. There are organizations devoted to preserving natural families in crisis and those who have experienced a wrongful termination of parental rights. The National Family Preservation Network , founded in 1992 to serve as the primary national voice for the preservation of families through Intensive Family Preservation and Reunification Services (IFPS & IFRS) and a myriad of state programs, many affiliated with schools of social work. In addition there are father's right advocacy organizations and kinship care and subsidized guardianship organizations and programs such as Kinship Care Practice Project that conducts research, develops training materials, and provides educational opportunities to work collaboratively with extended families. Family Preservation Foundation (FPF), a national nonprofit with over 12,000 members, advocates for preserving and empowering parental rights, family preservation, family first ideology, stopping unwarranted forced parental separation, and restoring the respect for children’s rights that allow them to remain with their biological parent and/or extended family when its safe to do so, thus preserving the family unit. Founder Dwight Mitchell says that current laws are so vague and written so broadly that Child Welfare can remove children from the family home for anything less than physical harm. FPF, filed a federal lawsuit declaring that certain state laws that govern when and how children can be removed from their homes are unconstitutional and deprive families of due process. There are also grass roots organizations such as the National Coalition for Child Protection Reform that advocates for systemic reform of the child welfare system and Origins-USA , a national non-profit that advocates natural family preservation and supports families separated by adoption. The need for these services and initiatives developed largely in response to the over-reliance on transient and often unsafe out-of-home care that characterized services in the 1970s. As early as 1966 the Casey Family Programs operated to provide and improve — and ultimately prevent the need for—foster care. The peak years for out of family placements into adoption in the US were between the