two cutters, one yawl, and one dinghy. The four ships were powered by two 3-cylinder single-expansion steam engines. The ships' engines drove a pair of four-bladed screws that were in diameter. The engines were supplied with steam by eight coal-fired trunk boilers. The eight boilers were trunked into four funnels arranged in a square amidships. This arrangement led to the ships being nicknamed Zementfabriken (cement factories). Three generators provided 69 kilowatts of electrical power at 65 volts. The ships' designed speed was , at . All four ships exceeded this speed on trials by between one half to one knot. The ships were designed to store of coal, though they could be modified to carry up to . The ships could steam for at a cruising speed of . At maximum speed, the ships' ranges were reduced to . The four Sachsen-class ships were the first large, armored warships built for the German navy that relied entirely on engines for propulsion. Armament and armor The Sachsen-class ships were armed with a main battery of six L/22 guns mounted in two armored barbettes, one forward and one amidships. Two guns were placed in the forward barbette and four were mounted in the amidships position. These guns were supplied with 480 rounds of ammunition. They could depress to −7° and elevate to 16.5°; this enabled a maximum range of . The barbette arrangement would have theoretically provided a total of four guns firing forward during a ramming attack, but the blast damage from the ships' own guns proved to be too serious to permit this in practice. For defense against torpedo boat attacks, the ships were also equipped with six L/24 guns and eight Hotchkiss revolver cannons. The ships' armor was made of wrought iron and backed with teak. The armored belt was composed of four alternating layers of wrought iron and teak. The outer iron layer was thick amidships, backed with of teak. The inner iron layer was thick and was backed with of teak. It was capped with thick bulkheads on either end of the belt. The thickness of the deck armor ranged from . The forward conning tower had thick sides, though after their modernization, this was increased to thick sides and a roof was added. A rear conning tower was also added, with only splinter protection: thick sides and a thick roof. The barbettes for the main battery