In electrical engineering, electrical safety testing is essential to make sure electrical products and installations are safe. To meet this goal, governments and various technical bodies have developed electrical safety standards. All countries have their own electrical safety standards that must be complied with. To meet to these standards, electrical products and installations must pass electrical safety tests. Some types of electrical safety tests include: dielectric withstand test (also called a hipot test) insulation resistance test (IR test) earth continuity test leakage current test Electrical safety tests are described in IEC 60335, IEC 61010, AS/NZS 3000, NFPA 70, BS 7671, and other national and international standards. Electrical Safety tests Dielectric voltage withstand test A dielectric voltage withstand test (also known as a hipot test) is done by applying a voltage higher than operating voltage to the device or installation under test. In this test, the electric insulation of a product or installation is put under a voltage stress much higher than its normal operating voltage. If the hipot test is done for type testing purposes, a much larger voltage may be applied. Insulation resistance test (IR test) An insulation resistance test (IR test) measures the electrical resistance of insulation by applying a voltage between two locations, and measuring the resultant current flow. Proper safety precautions must be taken when doing this test, such as exclusion zones, making sure no wires are exposed, and personal protective equipment is worn. To do this test, you need to have an insulation resistance tester, which may be a small hand held battery powered device, up to a larger luggage sized tool able to achieve higher test voltages. Variables to choose before starting an electrical resistance test is the test voltage, test duration, and test points. Acceptable values of insulation resistance vary depending on circuit purpose, industry, and country. Typically, standards will dictate acceptable values. An insulation resistance test can be used for simple go/no-go testing, or for periodic condition assessment, where routine insulation resistance tests are performed, with the results tracked over time. By tracking the insulation resistance of a circuit over time, preventative maintenance may be able to be planned before equipment failure. Insulation resistance is dependent on temperature and humidity variations, therefore the temperature and humidity should be recorded when testing and compensation applied to the measured value given. Many standards and safety agencies have specified the insulation resistance test as a