being that excessive antibiotic usage in livestock productions exacerbate the creation of novel antibiotic resistant zoonotic pathogens. Wild animals in captivity Tuberculosis Elephants: In 1996, The Hawthorne Circus Corporation reported 4 of their elephants and 11 of their keepers harboring M. tuberculosis infections. Unfortunately, these elephants had been sub-leased out to different circus acts and zoological gardens all over America. This spurred a nation-wide epidemic, but because tuberculosis isn't a disease that's typically transmitted from animals to humans, it was suggested that the epidemic was because of transference from a human handler to a captive elephant. Coronavirus Alpacas: A 2007 outbreak of alpaca coronavirus because of the intermingling happening at a national alpaca exhibition led to a comparison between human and alpaca coronaviruses in an attempt to deduce the source of the outbreak. It was found that the alpaca coronavirus is most evolutionarily similar to a human coronavirus strain that was isolated in the 1960s suggesting that an alpaca coronavirus could have very well been circulating for decades causing respiratory illness in herds undetected for lack of diagnostic capabilities. It also suggests a human to alpaca mode of transmission. Helminths and protozoans Primates: At the University of Ibadan Zoological Garden in Nigeria, fecal samples of zookeepers tested positive for helminths (Ancylostoma duodenale, Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura) and protozoan cysts (Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica). The exact same strain of helminths and protozoan cysts were found in the zoo's non-human primates thus implicating a zoonosis between the two. Measles Non-human primates: In 1996, a measles outbreak occurred in a sanctuary in 94 non-human primates. Although the source of the outbreak was never determined, serum and urine testing proved that the virus was definitely associated with recent human cases of measles in the U.S. Helicobacter pylori Marsupials: The stripe-face dunnart is an Australian marsupial that has faced multiple outbreaks of Helicobacter pylori in captivity. Stomach sampling from the marsupial revealed that the H. pylori strain responsible for the outbreaks aligned 100% with a strain originating from the human intestinal tract. Thus, it can be assumed that the outbreak was caused by the handlers. Wild animals in conservation areas Coronaviruses Chimpanzees: The transmission of the human coronavirus HCoV-OC43 to wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) living in the Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire was reported in 2016 to 2017. These chimpanzees were accustomed to human presence that had been studying these particular communities