gan1), and -ㄢ is used for [aːn] (aan) (e.g. 間, ㄍㄢ gaan1). Other vowels that end with -n use -ㄋ· for the final ㄋ. (e.g. 見, ㄍㄧㄋ· gin3) -ㄡ is used for [ɐu] (au). (e.g. 牛, ㄫㄡ, ngau4) To transcribe [ou] (ou), it is written as ㄛㄨ (e.g. 路, ㄌㄛㄨ lou6) ㄫ is used for both initial ng- (as in 牛, ㄫㄡ, ngau "cow") and final -ng (as in 用, ㄧㄛㄫ·, yong "use"). ㄐ is used for [t͡s] (z) (e.g. 煑, ㄐㄩ zyu2) and ㄑ is used for [t͡sʰ] (c) (e.g. 全, ㄑㄩㄋ· cyun4). During the time when Bopomofo was proposed for Cantonese, tones were not marked. Computer uses Input method Bopomofo can be used as an input method for Chinese characters. It is one of the few input methods that can be found on most modern personal computers without having to download or install any additional software. It is also one of the few input methods that can be used for inputting Chinese characters on certain cell phones.. On the QWERTY keyboard, the symbols are ordered column-wise top-down (e.g. ) Unicode Bopomofo was added to the Unicode Standard in October 1991 with the release of version 1.0. The Unicode block for Bopomofo is U+3100–U+312F: Additional characters were added in September 1999 with the release of version 3.0. The Unicode block for these additional characters, called Bopomofo Extended, is U+31A0–U+31BF: Unicode 3.0 also added the characters and , in the Spacing Modifier Letters block. These two characters are now (since Unicode 6.0) classified as Bopomofo characters. See also Chinese input methods for computers Fanqie Furigana Hangul Kana Ruby character Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols Zhuyin table References External links The Manual of The Phonetic Symbols of Mandarin Chinese Unicode reference glyphs for and Bopomofo annotations – adds inline and pop-up annotations with bopomofo pronunciation and English definitions to Chinese text or web pages. Mandarin Dictionary – needs Chinese font for Big5 encoding Chinese Phonetic Conversion Tool – converts between Pinyin, Bopomofo and other phonetic systems Chinese Romanization Converter – converts between Hanyu Pinyin, Wade–Giles, Gwoyeu Romatzyh and other known or (un-)common Romanization systems Bopomofo -> Wade-Giles -> Pinyin -> Word List NPA->IPA National Phonetic Alphabet (bopomofo) spellings of words transliterated into the International Phonetic Alphabet. The vowel values have been verified against the official IPA site. See IPA help preview, SIL International website. See IPA help preview, SIL International website. (Accessed 23-12-2010).