issued at Kincardine. A papal mandate dated to 27 May 1198, instructed Reinald and the Bishop of Orkney (Bjarni Kolbeinsson Skald) to compel the Bishop of Caithness to stop preventing the collection of Peter's Pence, which Earl Harald Maddadsson had granted. This errant Bishop of Caithness was John; he was standing up for the peasantry of his diocese, as well as perhaps his own revenues; collection of the Pence had a strong history in Scandinavia, and John's resistance resulted in his mutilation by Earl Harald, who had the bishop's eyes and tongue cut out. Death and succession There is little more information about Reinald, and his role in the rebellions and warfare which took place in Ross in this period is unclear. The Melrose Chronicle recorded his obituary: The date of his death in modern terms was 13 December 1213. The aforementioned Andreas de Moravia did eventually become a bishop, becoming Bishop of Moray in 1222. Reinald was one of several Cistercian, in fact Melrose, monks whom King William forwarded to Scottish bishoprics; notable others were the former Abbots of Melrose Jocelin of Glasgow and Adam of Caithness. Reinald and Roger of Howden Professor A. A. M. Duncan has argued that Reinald was a friend of Roger of Howden, and that Reinald provided information to Roger regarding Rosemarkie and events in northern Scotland both in person when Roger visited Scotland and in a letter written to Roger around 1199 in the French language; Roger, it is argued, incorporated this material into his Chronica. Notes References Anderson, Alan Orr, Early Sources of Scottish History, 2 vols, (Edinburgh, 1922) Barrow, G. W. S. (ed.), The Acts of William I (Regesta Regum Scottorum vol. ii), (Edinburgh, 1971) Crawford, Barbara Elizabeth, "Peter's Pence in Scotland", in G.W.S. Barrow (ed.), The Scottish Tradition: Essays in Honour of Ronald Gordon Cant, (Edinburgh, 1974), pp. 14–22 Dowden, John, The Bishops of Scotland, ed. J. Maitland Thomson, (Glasgow, 1912) Duncan, A. A. M., "Roger of Howden and Scotland, 1187-1201", in Barbara E. Crawford (ed.) Church, Chronicle and Learning in Medieval and Early Renaissance Scotland: Essays Presented to Donald Watt on the Occasion of the Completion of the Publication of Bower's Scotichronicon, (Edinburgh, 1999), pp. 135–59 Fawcett, Richard, & Oram, Richard, Melrose Abbey, (Stroud, 2004) Stevenson, Joseph (ed.), Chronica de Mailros; E Codice Unico in Biblioteca Cottoniana Servato, Nunc Iterum in Lucem Edita. Notulis Indiceque Aucta., (Edinburgh, 1835) Watt,