Steetley Colliery is a former colliery on the Derbyshire/Nottinghamshire border. History The Duke of Newcastle owned mineral rights in much of north Nottinghamshire and north-east Derbyshire. After a seam of coal had been reached at Shireoaks in February 1859, the Shireoaks Colliery Company was formed, and was formally registered in December 1864. They began acquiring mining interests throughout the area, including Whitwell, Clowne and Steetley, where the sinking of a shaft began in May 1873. The miners reached a seam of coal in December 1875, and this created a turning point in the history of Worksop: from an agricultural town to an industrial powerhouse, boosting its population and creating a prosperous future. Steetley only had a single shaft, which made ventilation difficult. Shireoaks Colliery Company continued to expand their operations, and began sinking a shaft for Whitwell Colliery on Belph Moor on 24 May 1890. They intended that the two mines would work together, with the Steetley shaft used as the intake or downcast for fresh air, and Whitwell providing the return or uptake. Working days a week, 22 men working as two teams found coal on 23 October 1891, when they reached the Top Hard seam below Belph Moor. They continued downwards, and reached the High Hazel seam below that. From the lower level, a heading was driven towards Steetley, and the ventilation system was established when the two mines were linked in 1894. A second shaft was built at Whitwell, reaching the Top Hard seam on 15 March 1898. At this point, the ventilation system was altered, with No.1 shaft being the downcast and No.2 shaft being the uptake. Steetley was by then also connected to Shireoaks Colliery, and relied on both Whitwell and Shireoaks for its ventilation. Steetley went on to hold the record for the deepest mine in the Yorkshire coalfield. By 1950, Steetley had one of the most productive coalfaces in the area and was providing employment more than 500 people: over 40% of the total workforce in Worksop. Given its demands on the local labour force and the remoteness of the colliery, the Shireoaks Colliery Company set about establishing new housing for the Steetley workers; the pit village of Rhodesia, Nottinghamshire is one such example. By 1896, there were 340 underground workers and another 70 working on the surface. The manager was R E Jones, who was also responsible for the neighbouring Whitwell Colliery.