of landscapes, though most are wooded to some degree. Its principal breeding habitats are humid evergreen primary forest, gallery forest, and secondary forest. On much of its wintering grounds it is found in terra firme forest and other types with much Cecropia. On those grounds it can also be found in sandy-soil woodlands, scrublands, mangrove, cerrado, and semi-deciduous forest. The Columbia sighting was in a tropical dry forest and that in Panama in a secondary broadleaf forest. It elevation the species seldom exceeds but has been recorded as high as . Behavior Movement The pearly-breasted cuckoo's migration pattern is not fully understood. Those breeding in the southern part of its range (southern Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay) move north for the austral winter, apparently into Amazonia. Those that breed north of the equator are thought to be non-migratory, but non-breeding season records in Guyana and Suriname may indicate some movement. Feeding The pearly-breasted cuckoo forages for its invertebrate prey from the forest mid-story to the canopy. It feeds primarily on caterpillars. It is usually solitary but sometimes joins mixed-species foraging flocks. Breeding The pearly-breasted cuckoo's breeding phenology is imperfectly understood. Its breeding seasons vary latitudinally and are possibly influenced by other factors as well. Few active nests have been found because most are sited in dense vegetation. Both sexes build the nest, which is a loose platform of thin dry sticks, usually place in a tree fork. The clutch size is usually two to four eggs. Both parents are thought to incubate the clutch, because that is typical of other Coccyzus cuckoos. The incubation period is not known but is thought to be similar to the nine to 12 days of others of its genus. The time to fledging is also not known. Vocalization The pearly-breasted cuckoo's primary song is the "Kuoup Call", "a series (usually 5–15, but sometimes 20 or more) of loud and somewhat frog-like kuoup notes." It also makes a "Rattle Call" transcribed as "tuctuctuctuctuctuc towlp, tówlp, tówlp, tówlp" that similar to the yellow-billed cuckoo's call. Status The IUCN has assessed the pearly-breasted cuckoo as being of Least Concern. It has an extremely large range, and though its population size is not known it is believed to be stable. No immediate threats have been identified. However, "one can assume that numbers have been affected by local and regional deforestation and habitat degradation in the Neotropics." In parts of