Corporal punishment is banned in the penal and education systems of the Republic of China (Taiwan), but there are no laws banning its use in the home. Education system Corporal punishment in the education system was banned in December 2006 through an amendment to the country's Fundamental Law of Education which came into force in January 2007. The prohibition applies to all educational institutions, including public and private schools and kindergartens, universities and all types of "cram" schools. The amendment followed years of campaigning by child rights organizations such as the Humanistic Education Foundation, as well as the government's commitment in August 2005 to work towards the elimination of all corporal punishment in public education. Contributing to the amendment was also a public debate generated by corporal punishment case in October 2005 which attracted widespread media attention. The case involved a teacher repeatedly hitting a student with a wooden stick on the hands and backside for failing to hand in homework. The amendment banning corporal punishment had the support of President Chen Shui-bian and Prime Minister Frank Hsieh and was passed by a wide margin in the Legislative Yuan. Kuan Bi-ling, a legislator from the Democratic Progressive Party said: Corporal punishment in Taiwanese schools had been banned even before the legal amendment of 2006, but this was by a government regulation rather than by statute. Prevalence Before the legal ban, corporal punishment on students of both genders had been widespread and equal in Taiwanese educational institutions; the government regulation against it was largely ignored. A 2004 poll found that corporal punishment was administered in 93.5% of schools. Despite its being illegal since January 2007, a nationwide survey conducted in April and May 2007 found that 52.8% of students reported receiving corporal punishment, lower than in previous years but still constituting a majority. However, physical beatings or spankings of students declined from 51% in 2005 to 27.3% in 2007, accompanied by a rise in indirect forms of physical punishment, such as being forced to stand up for an extended period of time, which increased from 9.7% in 2005 to 35% in 2007. The Humanistic Education Foundation has conducted a yearly poll to ascertain the percentage of students affected by corporal punishment in Taiwanese schools. A nationwide survey carried out in September and October 2012 found that corporal punishment is still imposed in 90% of elementary and junior-high schools around the nation.