Sabah (Malaysia), was described as S. parvus. Later, it was considered a junior synonym of S. tuberilinguis, but more recently it was confirmed to be distinct according to morphological and DNA sequence data. This frog is commonly found along the banks of small, rocky streams with clear water in primary rainforests. They can often be seen perched on rocks or other vegetation near water, usually around the rapids. They breed in streams and the males vocalize during the day. Like other members of Staurois, they use visual signalling to attract mates. Life cycle Ontogenetic development When S. parvus first metamorphosize from being a tadpole, they possess white and bluish coloration on their feet to assist with visual signaling. As they age from juvenile to adult this coloration increases in brightness to enhance their visual conspicuousness. Meta-analytical studies have shown that this ontogenetic change in coloration happens along with sexual development and maturity in S. parvus. In terms of bodily changes, S. parvus juveniles begin as bright green, which serve as a form of camouflage as the species is known to dwell nearly mossy rocks next to rivers and streams in rainforest environments. Behavior Mating Around 1–2 years after being born, S. parvus attains sexual maturity and will release a mating call. Afterwards, males settle near the side of the riverbeds and await the arrival of females. During this waiting period the riverside is significantly male-dominant, and a large amount of intrasexual competition takes place. Males puff out their vocal sac and adjust their posture to exhibit their physique and coloration in order to intimidate or deter other males that are looking to occupy their territory. The shallow portions of the river, or the areas where there is denser foliage – which are more suitable for egg laying – are predominantly occupied by the larger males. Once the females arrive, S. parvus males will release an advertisement call to signal to the females their presence. Once the female is aware of the male’s presence, the male will exhibit some form of visual signal to communicate their individual physical prowess and fitness, usually in the form of either foot flagging or foot flashing. Foot flagging involves raising a hind limb out and away from the body to expose webbing on the foot to other frogs. More mature S. parvus males will have brighter body coloration, and therefore color intensity helps females evaluate