streams. The advertisement call consists of three to seven notes, the last being the longest. Pairs in amplexus are found within the chorus area. Population demography of Quasipaa spinosa has been studied for two populations in the Tai Mo Shan Country Park in Hong Kong. These populations exhibit high site fidelity. Populations have low densities (13–42 frogs per 100 m of stream) and female-biased sex ratio. Each female produced an average 1.26 juveniles that survived until the age of 2 years. Annual survival was low, 38–65%. Utilization Quasipaa spinosa is an important food and medicinal resource in China and considered as a delicacy. Populations are heavily harvested, and overcollection is implicated in population declines. In Jiangxi province alone, the value of production of Quasipaa spinosa for domestic consumption is of the same magnitude as global trade of frog meat. Quasipaa spinosa are also farmed, but farming operations are likely based on tadpoles or juveniles sourced from wild population, instead of captive breeding. Thus, farming may not reduce the pressure on wild populations. Conservation This species is believed to have declined dramatically in abundance. It is classified as "Vulnerable" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature because the decline is estimated to be more than 30% over the last three generations. The main reasons for the decline is (over)collection for human consumption, and it is also threatened by habitat loss caused by agriculture and dam construction. Moderate levels of exploitation are sufficient to increase extinction risk markedly, at least in small populations. Quasipaa spinosa is not designated as a State Protected Animal in China, and there are no regulations for its protection, except in protected areas. However, sale of wild Quasipaa spinosa is now forbidden in Fujian, and farmed frogs need to be certified. Whether these regulations are enforced is not yet known, but they have potential to help wild populations. Parasites Parasites of Quasipaa spinosa include the ciliate Sicuophora multigranularis. References spinosa Fauna of Hong Kong Amphibians of China Endemic fauna of China Taxa named by Armand David Amphibians described in 1875 Taxonomy articles created by Polbot