Design theory is a subfield of design research concerned with various theoretical approaches towards understanding and delineating design principles, design knowledge, and design practice. History Design theory has been approached and interpreted in many ways, from designers' personal statements of design principles, through constructs of the philosophy of design to a search for a design science. The essay "Ornament and Crime" by Adolf Loos from 1908 is one of the early 'principles' design-theoretical texts. Others include Le Corbusier's Vers une architecture (1923),<ref name="Corbusier 1923">Le Corbusier, Vers une architecture" (1923)</ref> and Victor Papanek's Design for the real world (1972). In a 'principles' approach to design theory, the De Stijl movement (founded in 1917) promoted a geometrical abstract, "ascetic" form of purism that was limited to functionality. This modernist attitude underpinned the Bauhaus movement (1919 onwards). Principles were drawn up for design that were applicable to all areas of modern aesthetics. For an introduction to the philosophy of design see the article by Per Galle at the Royal Danish Academy. An example of early design science was Altshuller's Theory of inventive problem solving, known as TRIZ, which originated in the Soviet Union in the 1940s. Herbert Simon's 1969 The sciences of the artificial developed further foundations for a science of design. Since then the further development of fields such as design methods, design research, design science, design studies and design thinking has promoted a wider understanding of design theory. See also Design history Design research Design science References Sources Adolf Loos, Ornament and Crime, 1908 Walter Gropius, The capacity of the Bauhaus idea, 1922 Raymond Loewy, The Mayan threshold, 1951 Roland Barthes, Mythologies, 1957, Frankfurt am Main, Suhrkamp, 2003 (in 1964) [Excerpt from: Mythologies, 1957] Tomás Maldonado, New developments in the industry, 1958 Marshall McLuhan, The medium is the message, 1964 Abraham Moles, The crisis of functionalism, 1968 Herbert A. Simon, The Science of Design, 1969 Horst Rittel, Dilemmas in a general theory of planning, 1973 Lucius Burckhardt, design is invisible, 1980 Annika Frye, Design und Improvisation: Produkte, Prozesse und Methoden, transcript, Bielefeld, 2017 Maurizio Vitta, The Meaning of Design, 1985 Andrea Branzi, We are the primitives, 1985 Dieter Rams, Ramsifikation, 1987 Maurizio Morgantini, Man Confronted by the Third Technological Generation, 1989 Otl Aicher, Bauhaus and Ulm, 1991 Gui Bonsiepe, On Some virtues of Design Claudia Mareis, design as a knowledge culture, 2011 Bruce Sterling,today Tomorrow composts, 2005 Tony Fry, Design Beyond