a factor leading to their evolution of reproductive isolation. Despite this, a few instances have been found involving reproduction between heterospecifics. This has led to hybrid specification with minimal phenotypic differences between frogs in close geographic proximity. However, E. petersi has general karyotype differences among different species making fertilization and development less likely to succeed. In fact, fertilization crosses with E. magnus and E. selva lead to reduced fertilization rates and overall decrease in fertility. This has been attributed to high variation in chromosome structure, banding pattern, and length between the different species creating unstable karyotypes in future progeny. Conservation and Threats E. petersi have been used in conservation studies for the anuran population in the Andes. They are potentially threatened by the invasive species of rainbow trout that has infested the water of the Ecuadorian Andes. Rainbow trout serve as a vector for Saprolegnia diclina, which can effectively transmit this disease to E. petersi tadpoles, increasing their mortality and iltuimately contributing to the decrease of anuran populations in the area. With the increasing number of rainbow trout farms in the area, rainbow trout are a growing potential threat to nearby anuran species. Habitat loss is also a major concern for E. petersi. The Ecuadorian forests have lost almost 60% of their habitats due to deforestation. There have also been many legal and illegal mining and logging activities that further habitat loss. This is a threat not only to E. petersi but all other biodiversity in the region. Since E. petersi is localized to a comparatively small region, such habitat loss could be especially devastating for this species. References petersi Amphibians of Colombia Amphibians of Ecuador Amphibians of Peru Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Amphibians described in 1872