are often scarred, so the species is probably territorial. In the laboratory it has been known to bite the western garter snake when attacked. Status The speckled black salamander is listed as least concern in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. In some areas it has been displaced by the planting of vineyards. In addition, this listing is based on the previous definition of the species (prior to other species being split off), when it was thought to have a wider range. References Aneides Amphibians of the United States Endemic fauna of California Amphibians described in 1870 Taxa named by Alexander Strauch Taxonomy articles created by Polbot