federal government. In situ conservation methods are reported to be occurring, specifically land and water protection. It is unknown whether or not these efforts are directly aiding Holoaden bradei, as they have not been recorded in the wild in decades.The lack of information surrounding Brazilian organisms can be related to lack of priority toward watching species, the enormous, overwhelming biodiversity of the area, and little expertise on herpetology and ecology. Ecology Although very little information about the reproduction of highland frogs is available, it is believed that they breed by direct development. They lay their eggs under mulch and leaves, and a parent will guard the eggs. If threatened, the parent highland frog will raise itself on its forelimbs, and hiss at the potential predator to try to make it go away. The offspring, however, bypasses the larval stage and becomes a miniature adult when it hatches from its egg. References bradei Endemic fauna of Brazil Amphibians of Brazil Taxa named by Bertha Lutz Amphibians described in 1958 Taxonomy articles created by Polbot