vaulting, like the keels of two ships, joint the separate pieces together upon the supporting sub-walls, mortice them into the end walls, and then step the wooden pillars upon them. Having raised these pillars, cased them and expanded the tops into capitals at the height of the walls, we next raised wooden semi-circular arches above them, so as to receive an open roof. This will give us the requisite height and enable the building to carry a roof. We thus succeeded at a small cost in converting the ruin into the present cathedral of Clifton.'This 'ingenious, comparatively lightly aisled structure of timber uprights and arches supported a timber roof', was compared to an upturned boat, familiar to Ullathorne from his naval childhood. The church was opened by Bishop Ullathorne on 21 September 1848. In 1850, Clifton was made an episcopal see and the church became the Pro-Cathedral, intended to act in this capacity until a more fitting cathedral church could be constructed. Bishop Joseph Hendren became the first Bishop of Clifton (the ceremonial counties of Gloucestershire, Wiltshire and Somerset and Bristol), and Ullathorne was made Bishop of Birmingham, and later Archbishop of Birmingham. In the ProCathedral Church there were twelve larger-than-life statues of the Apostles standing atop the plinths covering and disguising the original stone columns of the failed building. In addition, there were two or three statues of the Virgin Mary, a statue of the Sacred Heart, and a multiplicity of other statues of other saints including St John the Baptist, St Therese of Lisieux, St Anthony of Padua and St Rock. By the rear door, there was a statue of the Apostle St Peter, his extended foot rubbed smooth by the repeated touching of the faithful as they entered and left the building. In the 1870s Bishop William Clifford started to replace the unfinished portico, with a schoolroom. The whole entrance and exterior, including the school, atrium and porch, and pinnacled façade, were remodelled, by Charles Hansom (who still lived locally) in a North Italian Romanesque style in Pennant rubble stone. The first part of the scheme was completed by 1876, but the exterior re-styling, a tall tower with Octagonal lantern and short spire (totalling 61m or 200 ft), were not completed. The nave and choir remained unaltered, though round-topped windows were added in the 1870s and in 1903 to increase light in the nave, with 'rich Renaissance