(Novatian) bishop of Constantinople. Gregory of Nazianzus Gregory of Elvira Lucifer, bishop of Cagliari. Hilary, bishop of Poitiers (c. 353–367). Servatius, bishop of Tongeren. Marcellus of Ancyra and Photinus of Sirmium According to the historian Socrates of Constantinople, Marcellus of Ancyra and Photinus taught "that Christ was a mere man." Their opponents associated the teachings of Marcellus of Ancyra and Photinus of Sirmium with those of Sabellius and Paul of Samosata, which had been widely rejected before the controversy. Marcellus, bishop of Ancyra (?-336 and c. 343-c. 374) and critic of Asterius. Photinus, bishop of Sirmium (?-351) and in exile (351–376); according to Socrates of Constantinople and Sozomen, Photinus was a follower of Marcellus. In 336, a church trial at Constantinople deposed Marcellus and condemned his doctrines. Pope Julius I supported Marcellus and called for his restoration. In 342 or 343, the mostly Western Council of Sardica restored Marcellus, while the mostly Eastern Council of Philippopolis sustained his removal. Under pressure from his co-Emperor Constans, Constantius II initially backed the decision of Sardica, but after Constans' death, reversed course. In 351, a church trial at the Second Council of Sirmium deposed Photinus and condemned his teachings. The Macrostich condemned the teachings of Marcellus and Photinus. Homoiousian The Homoiousian school taught that the Son is of a similar substance to the Father but not the same. Basil of Ancyra, bishop of Ancyra (336–360). Macedonius, (Macedonian) bishop of Constantinople (342–346 and 351–360). George of Laodicea, bishop of Alexandria (356–361, rival of Athanasius of Alexandria). Eudoxius, bishop of Germanicia (?-358), Antioch (358–359), and Constantinople (360–370), who supported the Macrostich. Martyrius, who supported the Macrostich. Macedonius, bishop of Mopsuestia, who supported the Macrostich. Mark, bishop of Arethusa, who wrote the Creed of Sirmium of 351. Cyril, (Macedonian) bishop of Jerusalem (350–386). Marathonius, (Macedonian) bishop of Nicomedia (c. 351-?). Eleusius, (Macedonian) bishop of Cyzicus (c. 351–360). Sophronius, (Macedonian) bishop of Pompeiopolis (?-360). Dracontius, bishop of Pergamum (?-360). Neonas, bishop of Seleucia Isauria (?-360). Elpidius, bishop of Satala (?-360). Eustathius, (Macedonian) bishop of Sebastia. Annianus of Antioch. Sabinus, Macedonian bishop of Heraclea. Homoian The Homoians taught that the Son is similar to the Father, either "in all things" or "according to the scriptures," without speaking of substance. Several members of the other schools, such as Hosius of Cordoba and Aëtius, also accepted certain Homoian formulae. Ursacius, initially homoiousian, then homoousian, and later homoian bishop of Singidunum,