including the Serranía de las Quinchas south to northern Tolima Department M. m. peruana, eastern Ecuador, southeastern Colombia, and southern Venezuela south through eastern Peru into northeastern Bolivia and east into Amazonian Brazil as far as the Tapajós River M. m. rikeri, Amazonian Brazil from the Tapajós east to Maranhão state M. m. morphoeus, coastal eastern Brazil from Bahia south to Rio de Janeiro state The white-fronted nunbird inhabits a variety of wooded landscapes including lowland terra firme, rainforest, and gallery and transitional forest. It also occurs in more open environments like partly deforested areas, shaded cacao plantations, and abandoned clearings with scattered trees. In most of its range it is found below but reaches in Panama, in Peru, and locally in Ecuador. Behavior Feeding The white-fronted nunbird's diet is mostly insects and also includes other arthropods, small lizards and amphibians, and some fruits. It follows troops of primates, army ant swarms, and flocks of caciques and oropendolas to capture prey dislodged by them. Breeding The white-fronted nunbird breeds between December and May in Costa Rica and February to May in Colombia; its nesting season in other parts of its range has not been defined. It nests in a leaf-lined chamber at the end of a tunnel excavated in level or sloping ground. The clutch of two or three eggs and the young are attended by up to six adults. Vocalization The white-fronted nunbird has a variety of vocalizations. Examples are "a blurred descending whistle with short rippling trill, 'peeeur-r-r-r-r'; also a loud, mournful 'how how how' and various rippling trills, churrs and rattles" and "group choruses of loud gobbling, barking notes". Status The IUCN has assessed the white-fronted nunbird as being of Least Concern. It has a very large range and a population of at least five million mature individuals, though the latter is decreasing. Its density varies from uncommon to abundant in various parts of its range. Gallery References External links White-fronted nunbird photo gallery VIREO Photo-Highest Res-(not a close-up) moonbeampublishing Monasa Birds of Brazil Birds of the Amazon Basin Birds of Colombia Birds of Venezuela Birds of Ecuador Birds of Peru Birds of South America Birds of Honduras Birds of Nicaragua Birds of Costa Rica Birds of Panama Birds of Central America Birds described in 1823 Taxa named by Carl Wilhelm Hahn Taxonomy articles created by Polbot