altitudes. They are able to survive dry seasons under loose bark, hence why they are referred to as tree frogs. Large rainstorms stimulate an increase in breeding from these frogs, because high humidity decreases egg mortality and improves survival across multiple stages of life. Habitat destruction and disturbance impacts breeding abilities of these frogs. Ecology and behaviour Reproduction Mating activity of grey foam-nest tree frogs typically occurs at night from October to February in south-eastern Africa’s wet summer months. These frogs choose to mate in arboreal settings, as they create their foam nests in tree branches overhanging bodies of water. Female mate choice is often limited due to males forcing copulations. Mating primarily occurs on the branches of trees, making females very visible to males. Unpaired males may also intercept females by waiting at the base of a tree. Matings from male interception are often from genetically undesirable males. Over 90% of females mate with ten or more males in the production of a single clutch. The female grey foam-nest tree frog begins the process of reproduction by producing a thick mucus-like fluid from its cloaca (a cavity at the end of the digestive tract in amphibians). During this process, the frog uses its hind legs to whip the mucous into elastic froth that will eventually serve as physical protection for the developing eggs. The female will leave temporarily to rehydrate before returning to the nest. Nest construction can take around five to six hours. Males then incorporate their sperm into the recently laid foam, fertilizing them. The next day, the female will return to its egg-laying site and add a layer of foam to protect the eggs from drying out. Foam-nest building behaviors and patterns have evolved several times. The foam nest made by the female provides different functions for aquatic and terrestrial breeding alike. Some grey foam-nest tree frogs breed exclusively in water. In these water-breeders, foam nests allow the eggs to be suspended in oxygenated water. Grey foam-nest tree frogs that reproduce on land create these nests to minimize drying out, temperature changes, and predation. Polyandry, an important characteristic of the grey foam nest tree frog, has proven to substantially increase offspring survival. Polyandrous matings may provide eggs with additional nutrients via the seminal fluid from multiple males. These nutrients increase yolk availability for post-hatching development and increases survival of tadpoles. Sperm competition may also allow for