political freedom of Byzantium was ultimately an impossible cause. See also Byzantium under the Angeloi Byzantium under the Doukids Byzantium under the Heraclian Byzantium under the Isaurians Byzantium under the Justinian Dynasty Byzantium under the Komnenoi Byzantium under the Macedonians Family tree of Byzantine emperors Kantakouzenos dynasty and related family tree Notes References Madden, Thomas F. Crusades the Illustrated History. 1st ed. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan P, 2005 Mango, Cyril. The Oxford History of Byzantium. 1st ed. New York: Oxford UP, 2002 John Joseph Saunders, The History of the Mongol Conquests, (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1971), 79. Further reading Parker, Geoffrey. Compact History of the World. 4th ed. London: Times Books, 2005 Turnbull, Stephen. The Ottoman Empire 1326 – 1699. New York: Osprey, 2003. Haldon, John. Byzantium at War 600 – 1453. New York: Osprey, 2000. Healy, Mark. The Ancient Assyrians. New York: Osprey, 1991. Bentley, Jerry H., and Herb F. Ziegler. Traditions & Encounters a Global Perspective on the Past. 3rd ed. Vol. 1. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2006. Historical Dynamics in a Time of Crisis: Late Byzantium, 1204–1453 Philip Sherrard, Great Ages of Man Byzantium, Time-Life Books, 1975 Raybaud, L. P. (1968) Le gouvernement et l’administration centrale de l’empire Byzantin sous les premiers Paléologues (1258-1354). Paris, pp. 202–206 External links Byzantine & Christian Museum, The Palaiologan period: The final flowering of Byzantium States and territories established in 1261 States and territories disestablished in 1453 Fall of the Byzantine Empire