genus Kassina. They grow up to long, with wide fins and humped backs. Distribution and habitat Kassina senegalensis is found over a large portion of Africa, from Senegal in the west, to Ethiopia and Somalia in the east, all the way south to South Africa. Its presence is uncertain in Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guinea-Bissau, Mauritania, and Togo. In the northern parts of its distribution, specifically Kenya and Tanzania, the relationship between its range and that of its relative Kassina somalica is not well understood. It is founds in many different habitats, including savannas (both humid and dry), shrublands, montane grasslands, wetlands, and artificial environments (such as pastureland and canals). They can be found at elevations as high as . Behaviour and ecology Reproduction and life cycle Breeding can take place in both temporary and permanent sources of water, although due to their relatively long growth time, these are usually permanent or semi-permanent. Males call to attract females. The male clasps the female, the latter of which initiates egg laying, with their cloacae kept about apart, the male's behind the females. Eggs are fertilised one-at-a-time in this manner. The pair frequently move during this process, laying between one and fifteen eggs at each position. They are laid at a depth between , quickly sinking to the bottom. A total of about 600 are laid, which hatch after around six days. The presence of fish in breeding ponds was found to cause shorter breeding periods, although this was different than many other frog species, which simply did not breed at all. All species, K. senegalensis included, immediately stopped breeding activity when the catfish Clarias gariepinus was introduced. They take 50–60 days to complete metamorphosis. Diet Data collected from individuals in Cameroon indicates this species to be a generalist forager. In the study, Orthoptera species formed the bulk of prey at 36%, followed by ants (24%) and spiders (10%). There was no clear size preference for prey. Skin secretion The skin of Kassina senegalensis contains a secretagogue peptide that releases a powerful histamine. This may create a painful sensation for potential predators, and definitely leads to capillary dilation and extravasation of plasma, which could allow easier access for other secretions into nearby tissue. Conservation The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has rated this species as least-concern, citing its extensive range, tolerance of many different habitats, and