be clearly observed by the receiver. Foot flashing is similar to foot flagging, except the hind limbs are not rotated; rather, the hind limb is stretched outwards and retracted immediately. Foot flashes are very fast, lasting about 0.83 seconds, and only occur following an acoustic call. In noisy environments like the rainforest, the purpose of the advertisement call is to direct the attention of receiver towards the signaler. Once the S. parvus has its recipient’s attention, then it will follow-up with its visual display – typically a foot flag or flash. The less common visual displays – upright posture, crouching, and arm waving – are usually only displayed by S. parvus in close male-male encounters. These visual displays are typically done to communicate the male’s physical ability. Overall, S. parvus possesses a unique system of multi-modal communication that helps them to adapt and communicate in dynamic and noisy environments. This is especially the case in habitats like the tropical rainforest where rainfall is variable, and light can be scarce due to the overhead canopy. Therefore, when rainfall becomes violent and the background noise intensifies, or in low light conditions, visual modes of communication become favored. On the other hand, if there is low background noise and light conditions are appropriate, then acoustic means of communication become more advantageous. Therefore, S. parvus have developed an adaptive multi-modal communication system to overcome the dynamic conditions of their environment. Physiology of Communication S. parvus rely on very precise and fast muscle coordination to be able to perform visual signals like foot flagging and flashing. The mediation of such complex reflexes occurs through androgenic hormones, such as testosterone, and its related receptors. Research studies have found that neuromuscular systems that underlie multimodal communication displays in frogs and birds possess high levels of androgenic receptors and are androgen-dependent in order to function properly. Upon inhibition of these receptors, visual signals in S. parvus become inhibited, although vocal communication remains unaffected, highlighting the importance of androgenic hormones when it comes to visual communication among S. parvus. Diet As a tadpole, S. parvus are able to only decomposed plants and algae. Once they metamorphosize, their diet expands to include insects. However, because adult S. parvus have a small body size, their diet is mostly limited to small insects such as flies, moths, and dragonflies. Overall, S. parvus are considered an opportunistic feeder, and will feed on anything