scientific methodology in order to effectively examine an object, assess its state, understand its history, and articulate its needs. Must have a firm grasp of philosophical precepts expressed in the AIC Code of Ethics and Guidelines for Practice (in the United States) in order to formulate a treatment. The conservator must understand that it's important to respect the integrity of the object and that his or her actions should not jeopardize the long-term preservation of the object. Understanding and appreciation of the aesthetic, cultural, economic, historical, political, religious, scientific, and social values of objects, buildings and sites. This understanding and appreciation are critically important when devising preservation and conservation plans, strategies, and treatments. Working knowledge of how materials constituting cultural heritage were acquired, modified, processed, or manufactured and how craft or manufacturing techniques and processes have evolved through time. Possess knowledge of the chemical and physical properties and long-term behavior of a wide range of materials and whether these materials were used in the original fabrication of an object or in its subsequent treatment and preservation. Must be aware of issues that arise from the ways that culturally significant materials will be accessed or used by society. Knowledge of the context in which cultural heritage is used, as context may be critically important to understanding its condition, formulating appropriate treatment and recommending future care. Knowledgeable about safety in the workplace and must carry out his or her practice in compliance with federal, state, and logical regulations. Working knowledge of scientific principles as they apply to conservation, including how to access and use scientific literature and how to assess the validity of published research in conservation and allied fields. Ability to recognize and understand the changes that occur in cultural heritage over time and be able to distinguish the cause of the changes (natural, chemical, physical, biological, or by human influence). Versed in the many ways in which light, relative humidity, temperature, and pollutants can influence the long-term preservation of cultural heritage and must be familiar with techniques, equipment, and resources that can assist in managing these important environmental factors Ability to conduct a safe, thorough examination of cultural materials in order to gather relevant information about their condition and to formulate an appropriate plan for preservation and treatment. Know which tools and techniques are appropriate, how extensive the examination should be, and how or whether to perform external, intrusive, and