is needed. Thus, in a neotropical forest with stable temperature but seasonal rainfall, the uncertainty of precipitation has a strong influence on the frog’s reproductive success. Perez’s snouted frog prefer treefall pools (holes at the roots of large fallen trees), either temporal or permanent, to lay their eggs. These kind of treefall holes are a common nesting site for many other tree frogs and poison-dart frogs. A three-year study done by Murphy demonstrated the risk-sensitive oviposition strategy of Perez’s snouted frogs. The three major risks for Perez’s snouted frog offspring are desiccation, insect predation, and intraspecific competition. For the two external risks, desiccation and predation, there is always a trade-off because predation risk is lower in temporal pools, but the temporary pools can potentially be completely dry. A mark-recapture experiment proved that adults actively select pools that benefit their offspring most based on these three factors. Their decisions are very flexible as they vary across both temporal and spatial scales, instead of being fixed and passively triggered by seasonal changes. In the early rainy season, females normally choose persistent pools, but they switch to ephemeral pools later in the season. This trend is reflected both by change in nest placement and tadpole density in each type of pool across time. The reasoning behind this phenomenon is that rainfall in the transitional period is highly uncertain, so persistent pools provide more stable environment. Later in the season, rainfall becomes more consistent and persistent pools build up insect predators and higher densities of tadpoles, which makes temporal pools relatively better with a lower predation risk and less intense food competition. Female egg-laying position choice is not affected by male calling sites. After mating, females can carry the male to her favorite egg-laying site. Reproduction and life cycle Hatching & Tadpole development Tadpoles start to hatch from eggs three to five days after nest construction at 26℃. The newly emerged tadpoles are white and immobile. They still contain yolk in the gut and lack external gills and adhesive organs. They remain at the bottom of the nest for one day and start feeding the next day. Their color changes from white to cryptic brownish color during week three, and the froglets leave during the fourth week after hatching. Once the tadpoles enter the water, lots of invertebrate predators such as the damselfly, dragonfly, predaceous beetle, and even some vertebrate predators such as the