responds more often to predator attacks that involved stimulation to the head other than its tail or trunk area. It responds by elevating or elevating and undulating its tail. Reproduction The northern banana salamanders reproduce biennially. Internal fertilization takes place after successful courtship, where the male salamander during the breeding season develops an enlarge courtship gland used to stimulate the female. The female picks up egg packets from substratum through cloaca. After fertilization eggs are laid on moist places on land. These salamanders have an average clutch size of 13.5 and an average egg diameter of 1.9 mm. Eggs develop entirely on land, and direct development occurs. Sexual dimorphism is minimal between males and females of this species. References Bolitoglossa Amphibians of Belize Amphibians of Guatemala Amphibians of Honduras Amphibians of Mexico Taxa named by Edward Drinker Cope Amphibians described in 1869 Taxonomy articles created by Polbot