vegetation to protect them from the heat. Due to the frog's sensitivity to dry heat, mating calls last longer during cooler wetter weather. As a member of the genus Breviceps, Breviceps bagginsi shows sexual dimorphism, and the males are much smaller than the females. Unlike other frogs, Breviceps males have very short limbs relative to their body size. Therefore, they are not able to amplex the females during the process of mating, but with an adhesive secretion they can adhere to the body of the female. While the male remains adhered to the female, she carries him on her back until the pair can find a place to burrow, and the female then lays her clutch of 20-50 eggs in their nest. Breeding occurs in subterranean nests during spring and summer. Offspring hatch fully developed from eggs directly. Offspring also develop further in the burrows, as rain frogs do not have a free-swimming tadpole stage, and emerge from them once fully mature. Similar to the other members of Breviceps, Bilbo's rain frog has a life span ranging from 4 to 15 years. Burrowing/locomotive behavior and defense behavior Much like the other members of Breviceps, Breviceps bagginsi burrows in subterranean nests underneath the clay loam their habitats usually harbor. The frog stays in the burrow until it is wet enough on the surface for it to come out. Breviceps bagginsi's hind legs and feet are strong and highly adapted for burrowing. When burrowing, the frog buries itself backwards rapidly. Bilbo's rain frog also runs rather than jumping (as do the other members of Breviceps). When threatened, Breviceps "puff up" to appear larger and more threatening, they do this by inflating their lungs. Breviceps also secrete a sticky white substance from their skin, and sometimes emit a harsh shriek as a defense mechanism. Feeding behavior and diet Breviceps bagginsi is both a terrestrial and fossorial amphibian, and therefore it spends a great deal of time in its burrow, but once termites emerge they leave their nests to feed. Breviceps bagginsi is an insectivore, and they also feed upon ants, beetles, moths, woodlice, amphipods, juvenile millipedes, caterpillars, and other small arthropods. Status On the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Breviceps bagginsi was listed as data deficient until 2010. In 2017 it was relisted as Near Threatened because of the small area of occurrence (11'000 km2) and the declining area of occupancy, which