distribution in tropical lowland evergreen forests of South America at elevations of 250-500m a.s.l. It occurs in northern and eastern Colombia, southern Venezuela, the two Guyanas, Suriname, eastern Ecuador, central and eastern Peru, Amazonian Brazil, northern Bolivia, eastern Paraguay and northeast Argentina. In Ecuador, its occurrence is patchy and has been observed only in pristine forest habitats. In French Guiana, it has been observed in the lower canopy of both primary and recently logged forests. The hawk is also said to occur accidentally in Costa Rica, with the first adult being observed here in 2014 after reports of only juveniles. It may be expanding its range into Costa Rica with the increase in human-disturbed land, which this hawk appears to tolerate as a nesting habitat. Alongside rainforest, this hawk is also found in patches of riparian forest, other dense woodland and sometimes in secondary forest. The total area of its occurrence is estimated at . Despite its large range, it appears to occur only locally and is generally rare. Although it is generally considered to be resident throughout its range, partial or full migration has been reported, with austral migration from the south toward the equator in winter reportedly occurring March–June. In Ecuador, it has been sighted year-round and is therefore considered a permanent resident here (Global Raptor Information Network, 2012); and was once observed over 500m a.s.l at San Isidro. Ecology Feeding Little is known about this hawk's feeding biology; although given its medium size, it is assumed to take fairly large prey. The majority of prey may comprise small passerines and tinamous (Tinamus sp.). A young armadillo was also once identified as a prey item brought to the nest for young. It has also been suggested to prey on arboreal lizards, tree frogs and large hygrophilous insects. This hawk is thought to be a still hunter. Instead of hunting by soaring, it probably perches in the forest canopy to wait for a passing prey. Breeding Breeding in this secretive hawk species has been observed and described only once in the field, which occurred in southern Brazil. It appears to nest in a manner typical for Neotropical Accipiter species, although grey-bellied hawk nestlings appear to stay longer in the nest (about 49 days) compared to nestlings of other hawk species. The single nest observed in Brazil constituted a platform built in the upper branches of a Parana pine. This