a significant number of frogs have suffered regional habitat loss and degradation through pollution, deforestation, and shifting cultivation. Additionally, populations of the frog may be disappearing before they can be recorded due to a lack of population genetics analyses. One study from Venezuela, proposed direct conservation measures include forest preservation and strict regulations on agrochemical products used on coffee and cocoa plantations near streams. Home range and territoriality Trinidad poison frogs engage in two types of territorial defense. The first involves nonreproductive regions where frogs will defend resource access to food, water, and shelter. The second involves large reproductive regions where frogs will defend against conspecific calling rivals during the breeding season. Adult females engage in territorial defense more often than males. Adult female Trinidad poison frogs display territorial defense against other frogs through aggressive behaviors such as visual threat displays, wrestling, and chasing. During threat displays, females will reveal their bright yellow throats against intruders. Adult males, in contrast, defend their territories against both predators and other male intruders by producing advertisement calls at their calling sites. Such defense is intended to deter competitors and attract females as potential mates. Diet Adult Trinidad poison frogs often feed on arthropods and small insects such as Drosophila (D. hydei and D. melanogaster) and Callosobruchus chinensis. In contrast, tadpoles are usually herbivorous and feed on algae and leaf litter. Frogs and tadpoles also consume bat guano and invertebrate infauna as food. Reproduction and mating Reproductive characteristics such as intraovarian clutch size and tadpole size for Trinidad poison frogs differ according to the frog’s biogeography. In Trinidad, clutch size ranged from 6 in to 13 in from the Northern Range and 12 in to 26 in from the Tamana cave of the Central Range hills. Adult males court females from a distance by producing advertisement calls. Additionally, they engage in throat display and toe tip jumping. As they vocalize, their skin color changes from pale brown to jet black. When a nearby female receives a male’s call signal or notices its skin coloration, the female will leave its territory and approach the calling male to engage in amplexus. The pair then moves to oviposition sites such as rock crevices or wet leaves near streams. Parental care Adult female Trinidad poison frogs lay their eggs near streams following increased humidity from rainfall. Adult males then guard and tend to the eggs until they hatch