This is a list of encyclopedias, arranged by time period. For other arrangements, see Lists of encyclopedias. Encyclopedias before 1700 Nine Books of Disciplines by Marcus Terentius Varro (116 BC-27 BC) Naturalis Historia by Pliny the Elder (AD 77-79); highly influential through the Middle Ages, the oldest encyclopedia for which there is an extant copy De verborum significatione by Sextus Pompeius Festus (2nd century AD) Onomasticon by Julius Pollux (2nd century AD) The Emperor's Mirror (Huanglan), Wei dynasty (220-265), Chinese De compendiosa doctrina, by Nonius Marcellus (probably AD 4th century) 5th century Martianus Capella, De nuptiis Mercurii et Philologiae, introduced the division in seven liberal arts 6th century Bṛhatsaṃhitā of Varāhamihira (c. 505 – c. 587) Cassiodorus' Institutiones (full title: Institutiones Divinarum et Saecularium Litterarum), AD 560; first Christian encyclopedia 7th century Yiwen Leiju (622), Tang dynasty, Chinese St. Isidore of Seville's Etymologiae, AD 636; Christian encyclopedia, most influential encyclopedia of the early Middle Ages Fayuan Zhulin, AD 668, a Buddhist encyclopedia of 100 volumes, compiled by Tao-shih 8th century Venerable Beda, De natura rerum 9th century Adab al-katib (The book of knowledge) by Ibn Qutayba (828–889); the earliest Arabic work that could be called an encyclopedia Bibliotheca by Patriarch Photius (9th century), the earliest Byzantine work that could be called an encyclopedia Hrabanus Maurus, 842. De rerum naturis (On the nature of things), derived from Isidore's text De Administrando Imperio, a domestic and foreign policy manual by emperor Constantine VII 10th century Suda (10th century) Four Great Books of Song (Song Sida Shu) (10th to 11th century), Song dynasty, Chinese Wamyō Ruijushō 11th century De omnifaria doctrina, by Michael Psellos Speculum universale, by Radulfus Ardens 12th century De diversis artibus, compiled 1100-1120 by Theophilus Presbyter Manasollasa composed by king Someshvara III of the Western Chalukya Empire of India. Liber Floridus, compiled in 1120 by Lambert of St. Omer Imago mundi, treaty of cosmography and history by Honorius Augustodunensis, about 1110 De philosophia mundi, written about 1125–35 by William of Conches Didascalicon, by Hugues de Saint-Victor (1096-1141), proposal of a new classification of sciences and a new method of lecture of the Bible Hortus deliciarum, written by Herrade of Landsberg, the first woman to write an encyclopedia, between 1159 and 1175 13th century Otia Imperialia by Gervase of Tilbury, 1214 Guillaume d'Auvergne, De universo creaturarum, 1231. Gautier de Metz L’Image du monde, 1246, in Lorrain dialect, based on Honorius Augustodunensis