to remove it. This can be quite a challenge, as the image may contain areas with fine textures which, if treated as noise, may lose some of their definition. Image sharpening As the color and brightness values for each pixel are interpolated some image sharpening is applied to even out any fuzziness that has occurred. To preserve the impression of depth, clarity and fine details, the image processor must sharpen edges and contours. It therefore must detect edges correctly and reproduce them smoothly and without over-sharpening. Models Image processor users are using industry standard products, application-specific standard products (ASSP) or even application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC) with trade names: Canon's is called DIGIC, Nikon's Expeed, Olympus' TruePic, Panasonic's Venus Engine and Sony's Bionz. Some are known to be based on the Fujitsu Milbeaut, the Texas Instruments OMAP, Panasonic MN103, Zoran Coach, Altek Sunny or Sanyo image/video processors. ARM architecture processors with its NEON SIMD Media Processing Engines (MPE) are often used in mobile phones. Processor brand names ATI - Imageon (graphics co-processor used in many early mobile photos to offer camera image signal processing) Canon - DIGIC (based on Texas Instruments OMAP) Casio - EXILIM engine Epson - EDiART Fujifilm - EXR III or X Processor Pro Google - Pixel Visual Core HTC - ImageSense MediaTek - Imagiq Minolta / Konica Minolta - SUPHEED with CxProcess Leica - MAESTRO (based on Fujitsu Milbeaut) Nikon - Expeed (based on Fujitsu Milbeaut) Olympus - TruePic (based on Panasonic MN103/MN103S) OPPO - MariSilicon X Panasonic - Venus Engine (based on Panasonic MN103/MN103S) Pentax - PRIME (Pentax Real IMage Engine) (newer variants based on Fujitsu Milbeaut) Qualcomm - Qualcomm Spectra Ricoh - GR engine (GR digital), Smooth Imaging Engine Samsung - DRIMe (based on Samsung Exynos) Sanyo - Platinum engine Sigma - True Sharp - ProPix Socionext - Milbeaut Family of ISPs - SC2000 (M-10V), SC2002 (M-11S) Sony - Bionz THine - THP series with compatible SDK Kit for developing firmware UNISOC - Vivimagic Speed With the ever-higher pixel count in image sensors, the image processor's speed becomes more critical: photographers don't want to wait for the camera's image processor to complete its job before they can carry on shooting - they don't even want to notice some processing is going on inside the camera. Therefore, image processors must be optimised to cope with more data in the same or even a shorter period of