JSTOR Showalter, Dennis E. Railroads and rifles: soldiers, technology, and the unification of Germany (Archon Books, 1975) Showalter, Dennis E. "Army and Society in Imperial Germany: The Pains of Modernization." Journal of Contemporary History (1983): 583–618. in JSTOR Stevenson, David. "Fortifications and the European Military Balance before 1914." Journal of Strategic Studies (2012) 35#6 pp: 829–859. Stone, James. The war scare of 1875: Bismarck and Europe in the mid-1870s (Steiner, 2010) Stone, James. "Spies and diplomats in Bismarck’s Germany: collaboration between military intelligence and the Foreign Office, 1871–1881." Journal of Intelligence History (2014) 13#1 pp: 22–40. External links WWI German Army Artillery & Infantry Attack Reenactment – video on YouTube Disbanded armies Disbanded armed forces Articles containing video clips Military of the German Empire Military of the German Empire by branch 1871 establishments in Germany 1918 disestablishments in Germany Military units and formations established in 1871 Military units and formations disestablished in 1918