books. Baume was punished for disobedience by Pope Eugenius III in 1147, for refusing a direct instruction from his Papal Legate. As a result, Beaume was reduced from being an independent Abbey to a priory of Cluny; the sentence was later confirmed by Adrian IV. The notorious Jean de Watteville was abbé de Baume. Baume was secularised in 1753 and its canons were expelled in 1790, at the start of the French Revolution, when Baumes-les-Moines became Baume-les-Messieurs. The abbey is a designated historic building. It is privately owned by a group that handles maintenance and schedules group tours. In popular culture In the novel Raptor, the protagonist Thorn is born and lives his youth in the Abbey of St. Damian Martyr within a ringed cliff formation known in Gothic as the Balsan Hrinkhen (; likely based on the formation in Baume-les-Messieurs, where Baume Abbey is located). References External links Visiting information Baume-les-Messieurs Churches in Jura (department) Benedictine monasteries in France Cluniac monasteries in France Christian monasteries established in the 10th century