Ernst Heinrich Toelken (June 24, 1795, Bremen – January 26, 1878) was a German anatomist, physicist and archaeologist. Early life Toelken was born in Leipzig, Germany, to Bremen businessman Heinrich Toelken. He was taught at home by his parents with an emphasis on religion and culture. He was the eldest of his brothers, all of whom achieved scientific distinction. After his father died, Toelken was raised by his grandfather, businessman Ernst Trüper. Toelken went to several schools in his home town and then spent 1794–1802 at the Pädagogium, graduating with honours. Toelken continued his education privately, studying French, English and Italian under several teachers. He taught himself ancient Greek and studied spherical trigonometry under Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus. On 25 April 1804, Toelken matriculated in the theological faculty of Georgia Augusta at Göttingen. He shifted focus, opting for history, philosophy and philology, though still linking them back to theology. With his mother's approval, he spent the autumn of his first semester taking the first of his characteristic trips, this time through Germany and Switzerland, of which trip he noted: "idque pene totum pedibus confeci". On returning to Göttingen, he resumed his studies, spending a year under professor Thibaut studying the Analysis of finite and infinite sizes, later stating, "Scientist quoque naturae indagatries, physicam et chemicam paululum attigi." His studies in ancient and recent history became more and more significant. At the midpoint of his study at Göttingen, he studied under Herbart. Toelken, also a member of Herbart's secret society: viri singularis, cujus in me officia et amicitiam laudibus nunquam satis prosequi potero. Translation: "The man of a singular, of which we can never sufficiently praise of friendship done me many kindnesses, and is able to." Herbart had many talented students who combined philological and pedagogic interests characteristic of the New Humanists, including Ernst Karl Friedrich Wunderlich, Georg Ludolf Dissen, and Friedrich Thiersch. Career He was a member of the Gesetzlose Gesellschaft zu Berlin, a society founded in Berlin in 1809 in the aftermath of the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt, to press for the reform of Prussian government and society. He and Osiander were rare among the private instructors of their time because they were able to undertake foreign travel and a grand tour. At age 30 he became professor of Art History at Berlin University. He was tutor to Franz Woepcke during his maths dissertation there. He was appointed director of the