increasing the success rate of the procedure. Artificial pneumothorax continued as a treatment until the introduction of streptomycin in 1944. Nobel Prize From 1912 to 1919, Forlanini was nominated at least 20 times for the Nobel Prize; all of his nominators were Italian professors of medicine. They put forward several explanations, trying to convince the prize jury of why Forlanini should be seen as "the person who shall have made the most important discovery within the domain of physiology or medicine". Three of the nominations for Forlanini were submitted by his close friend Camillo Golgi (1843 to 1926) from Pavia, who, as a former Nobel Laureate (1906) had the right to propose a candidate each year (NA, yearbooks of 1912, 1917, 1919), he nominated Forlanini because he was convinced that the invention of pneumothorax was a turning point in the fight against tuberculosis. Because at least some members of the Nobel committee saw great potential in pneumothorax treatment, Forlanini was viewed as one of the prime Nobel Prize candidates during 1913 and 1914. However, despite all the nominations and efforts, he never received the Prize. The prize Jury voted in favour of other candidates because they deemed the PNX method as neither original nor brilliant enough to award him a Nobel Prize (the operation's high risks for the patiens posed as an important factor in the decision). Carlo Forlanini Institute When Forlanini died in 1918, his many pupils and admirers, both Italian and foreign, wished to create a suitable living memorial to their master. A research fund for the study of tuberculosis was founded in his name shortly after his death. Chiefly through the inspiration of his favorite pupil, Eugenio Morelli (1881-1968), the Carlo Forlanini Institute in Rome was founded in 1934. Morelli was the first director (1934-1945) and he was succeeded by his pupil Attilio Omedei- Zonini (1945–68), who was followed by a series of distinguished Italian physiologists. The hospital was used as a sanatorium, specifically opened for all those who had tuberculosis. The building is located in the middle of a park because, before the discovery of anti-TB drugs with bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity, TB was treated with bed rest in a hygienic and well ventilated place. In order to contain the costs of health care, the company hospital S. Camillo-Forlanini decided to close the hospital Forlanini within December 31, 2008 and to transfer its assets and services