terrain hugging and the sea skimming capability of the missile. This trial completed the developmental trials of the missile. The next set of trials will be conducted as per the requirements of the Indian Armed Forces. Nirbhay project is now technically closed after completing six developmental trials. The next phase of tests will happen from April 2020 under a new name called Indigenous Technology Cruise Missile (ITCM). It will include Small Turbo Fan Engine (STFE) developed by Gas Turbine Research Establishment (GTRE) and a radio-frequency (RF) seeker from Research Centre Imarat (RCI). A separate air-launched variant and submarine-launched variant is under active development. Seventh trial On 24 June 2021, Nirbhay was successfully test-fired from Launch Pad No. 3 of the Integrated Test Range at Chandipur. The successful test was conducted with the GTRE Manik engine paving the way for a full range test. Variants Base variant The standard Nirbhay subsonic cruise missile is powered by a Russian NPO Saturn 36MT engine. Indigenous Technology Cruise Missile (ITCM) Indigenous Technology Cruise Missile (ITCM) is based on Nirbhay missile but uses locally developed Small Turbo Fan Engine (STFE), also known as Manik Engine from Gas Turbine Research Establishment. First trial On 12 October 2020, the missile was test fired for the first time with indigenously developed GTRE STFE MANIK turbofan engine. The test was aborted after 8 minutes of launch. As per DRDO, the missile deviated from predetermined flight path and was destroyed mid-air by mission control team. Second trial On 11 August 2021, ITCM was test fired from Integrated Test Range (ITR). But it was a partial success. As per DRDO officials, MANIK engine performed well but the missile failed to achieve the desired range due to failure in control mechanism. Third trial On 28 October 2022, ITCM test fired from ITR failed due to a snag in the engine after separation of booster stage. This test included an upgraded radio frequency seeker. Fourth trial On 21 February 2023, ITCM was test fired successfully. Fitted with an upgraded radio frequency seeker and Manik engine. See also Kh-55 - Russia 3M14 -Russia BGM-109 Tomahawk - United States Hyunmoo-3 - South Korea CJ-10 - China HN-1/2/3 - China Qader - Iran Atmaca - Turkey SOM - Turkey Noor ASCM - Iran Zafar - Iran Babur - Pakistan YJ-83 - China YJ-62 - China Otomat - Italy MdCN - UK, France, Italy List of missiles