collected, bones and non bone materials will be mixed together. In order to avoid non bone materials being misinterpreted as bones, the following methods are applied to increase the efficiency of distinguishing bones and non bone materials. A microscope can be used to examine whether there is an absence of graininess that will only appear on a bone's surface. Scanning electron microscopy and energy- dispersive X- ray spectroscopy are used to examine the chemical composition of any materials that are suspected to be bones. The results of the chemical composition test will be compared with the bone specimens of a FBI's database named Spectral Library for Identification. Non bone materials are obvious to be detected since non bone materials do not have the same ratio of calcium-to-phosphorus that bones have. When the suspected material is identified as bone, the next procedure is to categorise which bones belong to humans or animals. This procedure is conducted by forensic anthropologists since their daily tasks are to identify human bones. There are skeletal variations in both human and nonhuman bones. In terms of human bones, forensic anthropologists need to categorise human bones in accordance to their respective biological ages through investigating the maturity of the human bones. If the size of a piece of bone is suspected of having the same size of young adult bones, researchers will proceed to consider the possible factor of maturity and the presence of fused epiphyses for further analysis of classifying a bone as a young adult bone or a non bone. Small fragments of human bones or large mammalian animal bones will be easily confused occasionally. Hence, microscopic methods are used to determine the external features of the bone's surface. Given that the microscopic pattern of nonhuman bones is plexiform or fibrolamellar if the primary osteon has the linear arrangement of rows or bands, analysing the microscopic anatomy of large mammalian bone fragments enables the forensic anthropologists to distinguish large mammals. This does not mean that microscopic methods can be applied in identifying human bones. Protein radioimmunoassay is a biomolecular method that identifies human bones and eliminates any nonhuman bones. Forensic significance evaluation Once the skeletal remains are excavated, forensic anthropologists need to ensure the skeletal remains have fulfilled a contextual criteria upon determining the forensic significance of the skeletal remains. The clothing that is being left with the skeletons must be contemporary clothing, absence of