are also known to decimate clutches of P. trinitatis eggs as a predator. Defense This frog exhibits a host of defenses to evade predators and survive in hostile environments. As the frog flees from predators, it is capable of releasing poison from glands found on its back. Males may also remain silent rather than calling to prevent attracting predators to their locations. Furthermore, probing the glands of P. trinitatis via electrical stimulation, scientists have isolated insulinotropic peptides from the frog's secretions. After purifying the secreted fluids of a few frogs, scientists purified four peptides that significantly promoted insulin release in BRIN-BD11 cells, cells capable of secreting insulin. Researchers were able to isolate a 28-amino acid peptide fully homologous to the C-terminal of the precursor to dermaseptin BIV. These results suggest that P. trinitatis secretes an antimicrobial as part of its immune defense, though the specific mechanism of action is still unknown. Other studies have identified other defense peptides secreted from the frog's skin. One study found 15 dermaseptin peptides with varying antimicrobial properties and evolutionarily conserved amino acid regions. One notable peptide discovered had only one cysteine residue in its structure (LTWKIPTRFCGVT), which is an uncommon distribution. The strongest antimicrobial peptides found were phylloseptin-1.1TR and 3.1TR. Like defense proteins found in other frogs, both of these peptides exhibited more potency against Gram positive compared to Gram negative bacteria. There are also studies that provide insight into the structure-activity relationship between phyllo statins. Such studies related to immunomodulation and insulinotropic activity may represent that these frogs can be used for development of drug templates for anti-inflammatory and type 2 diabetes treatment. Mating The mating season for P. trinitatis is usually around the end of the dry season until the beginning of the rainy season. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism, the female is reported to be more massive than the male. In other Phyllomedusa, a silent male will hijack a mating pair as an alternative mating strategy, but this behavior has not been reported in this frog. The frogs mate in foliage neighboring small bodies of water, including ditches. P. trinitatis is known to call out to mates much like other frogs do. In an audio spectrogram of the call of the P. trinitatis, it was evidently a principal note along with five secondary notes. The loud call can function as a deterrent for other males attempting to seek female partners. The