Anthony's poison arrow frog (Epipedobates anthonyi) is a species of poison dart frog in the family Dendrobatidae. The species is endemic to Ecuador and Peru. Etymology The specific name, anthonyi, is in honor of American mammalogist Harold Elmer Anthony (1890–1970), who was Curator of Mammals at the American Museum of Natural History. Description Anthony's poison arrow frog has a snout-to-vent length of about . The hind legs are short and robust. The dorsal surface is usually dark red or brown and there are several yellowish-white oblique stripes and a central longitudinal stripe. Geographic range Anthony's poison arrow frog is known only from a number of locations in southwestern Ecuador and northwestern Peru at heights of between above sea level. Habitat The natural habitat of E. anthonyi is the leaf litter on the floor of tropical dry forests, especially near streams. Biology Anthony's poison arrow frog is diurnal and terrestrial. Males are territorial. A clutch of 15 to 40 eggs is laid on the ground among leaf litter, and the male guards them till they hatch in about two weeks. He then carries the tadpoles on his back to a suitable water body where they develop (through metamorphosis) into frogs in about sixty days. Epibatidine, an extremely toxic nicotine-like substance, was first derived from and named for Epipedobates anthonyi. Once investigated for possible use as an analgesic agent, the alkaloid proved far too toxic for any application in human medicine and is presently used exclusively for research purposes. Status Anthony's poison arrow frog is listed as "Near Threatened" by the IUCN. Its population seems stable but it has a limited range, estimated to be less than , and its habitat is being degraded by pollution from agrochemicals. It is also collected for medicinal use. References Further reading Noble GK (1921). "Five new species of Salientia from South America". American Museum Novitates (29): 1-7. (Phyllobates anthonyi, new species, pp. 5–6, Figure 5). Epipedobates Frogs of South America Amphibians of Ecuador Amphibians of Peru Amphibians described in 1921 Taxa named by Gladwyn Kingsley Noble Taxonomy articles created by Polbot