to allow cross-licensing among firms, and supervised management–labor relationships. The result was very rapid expansion and a high output of high-quality aircraft, as well as high wages that attracted the best machinists. Apart from aircraft, the Army's regulation of the rest of the war economy was largely inefficient. Air Force The , known before October 1916 as (The Air Corps of the German Empire), was the over-land air arm of the German Army during World War I (1914–1918). Although its name actually means something very close to "The German Air Force", it remained an integral part of the German Army for the duration of the war. The Kaiserliche Marine naval forces of the German Empire had their own, separate Marine-Fliegerabteilung maritime aviation forces, apart from the Luftstreitkräfte of the Army. Ranks of the Imperial German Army The German Army from 1871 to 1914 inherited the various traditions and military ranks of its constituent states, thus becoming a truly federal armed service. Enlisted () ranks Musketeer (, Prussian army infantry regiments), Infantryman (, Bavarian army infantry regiments), Soldier (, Saxon army infantry regiments), Gunner (, foot artillery), Pioneer (, pioneer branch). Other unit-specific enlisted ranks were: Fusilier (), Grenadier (), Huntsman otherwise Light-Infantryman (), Dragoon (), Hussar (), Cuirassier (), Uhlan (), Fusilier Guard (), Grenadier Guard (), Wehrmann (Landwehr), etc. Lance Corporal (); up until 1918 the only rank (with exception of in the foot artillery) to which an enlisted soldier could be promoted, the rank was a deputy rank to the Corporal () rank. Senior Lance Corporal (); established in the Prussian Army from 1846 to 1853, reestablished in 1859, then in foot artillery only, replacing the artillery Bombardier rank that had been introduced in 1730. Additionally, the following voluntary enlistees were distinguished: One-Year Volunteer Enlistee (): despite the name, one-year volunteers were actually conscripts who served a short-term form of active military service, open for enlistees up to the age of 25. Such enlisted soldiers were usually high school graduates (), who would opt to serve a one-year term rather than the regular two or three-year conscription term, with free selection of their chosen military service branch and unit, but throughout were obligated to equip and subsist themselves at entirely their own cost. In today's monetary value, this could at bare minimum cost some 10,000 euro, which purposely reserved this path open to officer-material sons from mostly affluent