first person as if he had said "I hope I get elected", which is not the case here. The study of the notion of belief de se thus includes that of quasi-indexicals, the linguistic theory of logophoricity and logophoric pronouns, and the linguistic and literary theory of free indirect speech. References and further reading Anand, Pranav (2006). De de se. Doctoral Dissertation. Department of Linguistics and Philosophy. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Burge, Tyler (2003). "Memory and Persons" The Philosophical Review, Vol. 112, No. 3., pp. 289–337. Castañeda, Hector-Neri. (1966). “ ‘He’: A Study in the Logic of Self-Consciousness", Ratio 8: 130–157. Lewis, David (1979). "Attitudes De Dicto and De Se" The Philosophical Review, 88, pp. 513–543. Perry, John (1979). "The Problem of the Essential Indexical" Noûs 13, no. 1, pp. 3–21. References Latin philosophical phrases Philosophy of language Semantics Formal semantics (natural language)