on the undersides. There are six to seven parallel veins on each side of the midrib. The transverse veins thinner than parallel veins. The petiole is slender, to long, and spiny down its length. It is 12-15mm wide in the middle, but 5-6mm wide at the end where it joins the leaf blade. The adaxial side of the petiole, the upper surface, is flat, and it has scattered appressed hyaline (glassy-looking) scales, with ciliate hairs along their margins. Both left and right edges of the petiole have short, flat, brown, blunt, triangular, 5-8mm long spines down their entire length, these spines reduce in size as they march towards the leaf blade. The sheath is coloured dark, chocolate brown. The 'appendages', a bundle of fibres forming tongue-like straps on either side of the leaf-base, are bright mahogany red, and are polished on both sides. It is very long and membranous. The leaf or petiole-bases remain on the trunk for very many years, these have fine, prominent fibres, and slowly disintegrate on the tree as opposed to eventually falling off in one piece. The long inflorescence is unbranched at the base, and does not extend beyond the limits of the crown of leaves. It is branched to three orders, with four 'partial inflorescences', the longest of these growing to some long. The rachis bracts are loosely tubular. This species has no peduncular bracts. The peduncle is wide at its base; the rachillae are long, and are thin, green-red in colour, and with a tomentose indumentum. The minute flowers are coloured golden-yellow or cream. The sepals are ovate in shape, and are coloured a cream tipped in red. The in-curved petals are coloured cream, are oblong in shape, and their apex is blunt and thickened. The anthers are white. The style is short, and conic in shape. The pedicel is 2-3mm long. The fruit is coloured glossy green at maturity, with white spots. It is roundish, or slightly longer than broad, or the opposite, and long, by in width. The epicarp has a smooth surface marked with lip-like structures, with a suture line which extends for the full length of the fruit. Distribution Livistona tahanensis is endemic to Gunong Tahan, a mountain in the state of Pahang, in the east of Peninsular Malaysia. It is only found between Tangga Lima Belas and Pangkin camps. In the limited territory where it is known to