the log thus form a roof over the clutch. This behavior known as the "courtship march" refers to when the male initiates the courtship and the female follows him to the oviposition site. Although courtship components vary across species of poison frogs, A. femoralis is known to have the longest courtship duration among its species. Females rarely reject males and their gesture of courtship, and females also do not evaluate male quality/fitness during courtship. However, females sometimes demand prolonged courtship for the following reasons: verification of male’s territory ownership, ovulation stimulation, and benefit of spatial learning and finding clutches in case of mate loss. Polygyny Male A. femoralis can court more than one female A. femoralis. When the male courts two females, he marches alternately with each female, and while the male courts one female, the other female stays in the spot where the male conducted her before moving on to his current courtship interaction. And the females sharing courtship with the same male do not interact aggressively with each other. Male/Male Interactions Unlike females that do not show aggression under polygyny, A. femoralis males interact aggressively with other males when it comes to territorial defense. During the 'courtship march' when an A. femoralis male searches for an ovipostion site, the female can be intercepted by a competing male, which the female will start following. This leads to physical aggression between males that can last about 15 minutes, where eventually, one of the males will leave the oviposition site. It is suggested that visual signals play an important role in male-male aggression. Reproductive Behavioral Divergence Behavioral divergence is observed within in the range of A. femoralis from different localities. The divergence is observed in various factors, including the number of notes of A. femoralis call, the presence of cephalic amplexus, and the presence of visual components of the courtship behavior (throat display, limb lifting, circling, leg stretching). Researchers suggest that the process of diversification may be understood in depth through geographic variation in sexual signals. Reproductive Behavior specific to Allobates femoralis from Central Amazonia The reproductive behavior of A. femoralis from Central Amazonia consists of three signals: visual, acoustic, and tactile. In terms of visual signal, the signal differs between the two sexes. Females display their visual signal through repetitive passing of their arms and legs over their bellies during the courtship march. On the other hand, males have wider