was first successfully breeding ex-situ for the Costa Rican frogs was at Manchester Museum's Vivarium, where an official conservation project for the Costa Rican population (Project Lemur Frog) was established in 1999. Work at Manchester Museum with the species has involved supporting them in Costa Rica, highlighting the species' plight to the public, DNA research work to genetically fingerprint the species which allowed for the creation of an official studbook for this species. Manchester University has also developed a global environmental education programme based on the species that extends to the countries of origin. The Atlanta Botanical Garden and El Valle, Panama have also bred the Panamanian form of the species in captivity and been highly successful. Problems and successes Given that the population of the lemur leaf frog is on the decline in Central America, there are now clear efforts in place to help conserve the species. The conservation effort at the El Valle Amphibian Conservation Center (EVACC) in El Valle de Antón, Panama provides in-country ex-situ support for amphibians that have the greatest potential risk of extinction from chytridiomycosis. The lemur leaf frog falls into this category and is being supported at El Valle. During 2006–2007, the water – through means of filtration from tap sources – in which they were living turned out to be soft and acidic. Ultraviolet B spectrum lighting was provided on all tanks for two hours daily via modified halogen bulbs. From 2006 to 2008, their diet consisted of wild caught invertebrates, including: katydids, termites, fruit flies, and isopods. In the necropsy of the lemur leaf frog that had died after 90 days, the Captive-Bred Juveniles (CBJ), (ones that included animals resulting from captive breeding) were compared with wild‐caught Long-Term Residents (LTR). The results showed that the cause of death for the lemur leaf frog at EVACC was through poor nutritional condition and osteodystrophy, with a very small number contracting lungworm infection and squamous metaplasia. A stumbling block to the conservation of lemur leaf frogs at El Valle in Panama has been its tendency to develop a vitamin A defiency when given insect-based diets in captivity. Lesions develop shortly after the vitamin A deficiency comes into effect. The tongue of the lemur leaf frog is prominently affected by squamous metaplasia. Other associated problems occur elsewhere, such as in the oral and nasal cavities, the esophagus, stomach, reproductive tract and bladder. Further research is