because the name translation can be skipped. Handles are associated with processes (by making an entry into the process' Handle table that lists the handles it owns) and can be transferred between processes as well. A process must own a handle to an object before using it. A process can own a maximum of 16,000,000 handles at one time. During creation, a process gains handles to a default set of objects. While there exists different types of handles - file handles, event handles and process handles - they only help in identifying the type of the target objects; not in distinguishing the operations that can be performed through them, thus providing consistency to how various object types are handled programmatically. Handle creation and resolution of objects from handles are solely mediated by Object Manager, so no resource usage goes unnoticed by it. The types of Executive objects exposed by Windows NT are: Object structure Each object managed by the Object Manager has a header and a body; the header contains state information used by Object Manager, whereas the body contains the object-specific data and the services it exposes. An object header contains certain data, exposed as Properties, such as Object Name (which identifies the object), Object Directory (the category the object belongs to), Security Descriptors (the access rights for an object), Quota Charges (the resource usage information for the object), Open handle count (the number of times a handle, an identifier to the object, has been opened), Open handle list (the list of processes which has a live reference to the object), its Reference count (the number of live references to the object), and the Type (an object that identifies the structure of the object body) of the object. A Type object contains properties unique to the type of the object as well as static methods that implement the services offered by the object. Objects managed by Object Manager must at least provide a predefined set of services: Close (which closes a handle to an object), Duplicate (create another handle to the object with which another process can gain shared access to the object), Query object (gather information about its attributes and properties), Query security (get the security descriptor of the object), Set security (change the security access), and Wait (to synchronize with one or more objects via certain events). Type objects also have some common attributes, including the type