in the world. The institute founded a Department of Stem Cells in 2002 to establish human embryonic stem cell lines and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC), and to study differentiation into different kinds of cells including cardiomyocytes, beta cells, and neural cells. Researchers claimed a live birth of a cloned sheep in 2006, inviting foreign observers to verify the claim. Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine (RI-RB), founded in 1991, consists of six departments and one clinic actively working on different aspects of infertility and the development of new methods for infertility treatment. It aims to improve the population's health through infertility treatments and research different aspects of infertility and its treatment to increase the success rate alongside improving embryo health. Reproductive Imaging Epidemiology & Reproductive Health Andrology Reproductive Genetics Endocrinology & Female Infertility Embryology Royan Institute for Developmental Biotechnology Developmental Biotechnology (RI-DB) was initially established in 2004 as a research sub-institute that is located in Isfahan Province. The endeavors of RI-DB have made Royan Institute the pioneer of animal cloning in Iran and the Middle East. Coming up with the first cloned sheep in the Middle East in 2006 placed Iran among the few countries having this technology. Making use of this technology in producing transgenic animals has led to bringing the goats into being in Isfahan and Tehran (2009) with the ability to secrete human coagulation factor 9 and human Tissue Plasminogen Activator (hTPA) in their milk. The vision of RI-DB is to achieve high standards in biotechnology research and to make biotechnology a premier precision tool for future health development. RI-DB includes the Animal Biotechnology department, three research groups, and four laboratories. Chronological overview 1993: The first IVF birth in Tehran 1995: The second ICSI birth in Iran 1996: Iran's second success in open testicular biopsy to treat severe male infertility 1996: The first frozen embryo birth in Iran 1999: The first ICSI birth by frozen sperm of a gonadectomized man 1999: The first celebration of the 1000th birth through assisted conception treatment in Iran 2003: The first human embryonic Stem Cell line establishment in Iran and the region 2003: Establishment of Stem Cells research department 2004: The first PGD child born in Iran 2004: The first time use of adult stem cells in the treatment of MI during CABG in Iran 2004: Production of insulin-producing cells from human embryonic stem cells. 2004: