express wishes. There are two ways to form yes–no questions in Toki Pona. The first method is to use the "verb verb" construction in which comes in between a duplicated verb, auxiliary verb, or other predicators. Another way to form a yes–no question is to put () at the end of a sentence. Questions cannot be made by just putting a question mark at the end of a sentence. Non-polar questions are formed by replacing the unknown information with the interrogative word . Pronouns Toki Pona has three basic pronouns: (first person), (second person), and (genderless third person). Whenever the subject of a sentence is either of the unmodified pronouns or , then is not used to separate the subject and predicate. Nouns With such a small root-word vocabulary, Toki Pona relies heavily on noun phrases, where a noun is modified by a following root, to make more complex meanings. A typical example is combining ('person') with ('to fight') to make ('fighter, soldier, warrior'). Nouns do not decline according to number. can mean 'person', 'people', 'humanity', or 'somebody', depending on context. Toki Pona does not use isolated proper nouns; instead, they must modify a preceding noun. For this reason, they may be called "proper adjectives" or simply "proper words" instead of "proper nouns". For example, names of people and places are used as modifiers of the common roots for "person" and "place", e.g. () or (). Modifiers Phrases in Toki Pona are head-initial; modifiers always come after the word that they modify. Therefore, , , can be a 'fighting animal', whereas , , can mean 'animal war'. When a second modifier is added to a phrase, for example , it modifies all that comes before it, so (() ) can be 'friend watching', rather than ( ()), which can be 'person good-looking'. The particle is placed after the head and before the modifiers, to group the modifiers into another phrase that functions as a unit to modify the head, so can be ( ()), 'good-looking person'. In this case, modifies and as a whole modifies . Demonstratives, numerals, and possessive pronouns come after the head like other modifiers. Verbs Toki Pona does not inflect verbs according to person, tense, mood, or voice, as the language features no inflection whatsoever. Person is indicated by the subject of the verb; time is indicated through context or by a temporal adverb in the