represented. All systems prescribed higher thresholds for passing acts that were not proposed by the Commission. Member states have to cast their votes en bloc (i.e., a member state may not split its votes). Hence, the number of votes rather describes the weight of a member's single vote. The analysis of the distribution of voting power under different voting rules in the EU Council often requires the use of complex computational methods that go beyond a mere calculation of vote share, such as the Shapley-Shubik index or the Banzhaf measure. Treaty of Rome (1958–73) According to Article 148 of the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (EEC Treaty), acts of the Council required for their adoption: 12 votes (if the act was proposed by the Commission), or 12 votes by at least 4 member states (if the act was not proposed by the Commission). The values above are related to the EU-6, the founding member states. The treaty allocated the votes as follows: 4 votes: France, Germany, Italy, 2 votes: Belgium, Netherlands, 1 vote: Luxembourg. Under this system, Luxembourg had no voting power for acts proposed by the Commission. Accession Treaty (1973–81) Article 148 of the EEC Treaty, specifying the qualified majority voting system of the Council, was amended by Article 8 of the Accession Treaty regulating the enlargement of the community by Denmark, Ireland, and the United Kingdom. Acts of the Council now required for their adoption: 41 votes (if the act was proposed by the Commission), or 41 votes by at least 6 member states (if the act was not proposed by the Commission). These values were now related to the EU-9. The treaty allocated the votes as follows: 10 votes: France, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom, 5 votes: Belgium, Netherlands, 3 votes: Denmark, Ireland, 2 votes: Luxembourg. Accession Treaty (1981–86) Article 148 of the EEC Treaty, specifying the qualified majority voting system of the Council, was amended by Article 14 of the Accession Treaty regulating the enlargement of the community by Greece. Acts of the Council now required for their adoption: 45 votes (if the act was proposed by the Commission), or 45 votes by at least 6 member states (if the act was not proposed by the Commission). The votes allocated previously to the EU-9 did not change. Greece was allocated 5 votes. Accession Treaty (1986–95) Article 148 of the EEC Treaty, specifying the qualified majority voting