pharmacist, Exili) to open up additional vacancies for simony. German historian Leopold von Ranke concluded that she was not Innocent X's lover. References External links The History of Olimpia Maidalchini and the Vatican Espionage Mistress of the Vatican: The True Story of Olimpia Maidalchini: The Secret Female Pope by Eleanor Herman. 1591 births 1657 deaths People from the Province of Viterbo Women and the papacy Olimpia 17th-century Italian nobility 17th-century Italian women