of the Left Ginza. Psalm 8 has various Mandaean motifs, such as the capture of demons and the triumph of Light (e.g., chapter 15 in Book 2 of the Left Ginza). In Psalm 12, phrases such as "the empty one" and "the laden one" have parallels with the end of chapter 47 of the Mandaean Book of John. In the same chapter, phrases such as "ears but would not hear" have parallels in Psalm 14. Psalm 13 has parallels with Qolasta prayer 24 and hymns 2, 22, and 41 in Book 3 of the Left Ginza. Coptic passage 220 (i.e., Psalm 13) is similar to Qolasta prayer 155, which is the first Saturday rahma (devotional) prayers. In Psalm 14, Hylē's answer of co-existing opposites (e.g., "death and life") is similar to Ruha's answer to Dinanukht in Book 6 of the Right Ginza. Both texts also resemble the Nag Hammadi Gnostic poem The Thunder, Perfect Mind. In Psalm 17, the "mockery litany," in which aspects of the transient material world are mocked, has parallels with chapter 12 of the Mandaean Book of John. Psalm 18 enumerates the senses and limbs, with its text similar to chapter 15 of the Mandaean Book of John, Hymn 19 in Book 3 of the Left Ginza, and prayer 96 of the Qolasta (identical with Hymn 2 in Book 3 of the Left Ginza). Van Bladel (2017) suggests that an equally plausible scenario is that of Manichaeism and Mandaeism both having borrowed the hymns from another common source, likely an Aramaic-speaking Judeo-Christian group in Mesopotamia such as the Elchasites. References External links Translation of Psalms 1–12 3rd-century Christian texts Mandaean texts Manichaean texts Texts in Coptic Thomas the Apostle