as alfalfa, alfalfa. Arabic al-kharrūba in Spanish as algarroba, carob. Arabic al-hilāl in Spanish as alfiler, pin. Arabic al-hurj in Spanish as alforja, saddlebag. Arabic al-qāḍī in Spanish as alcalde, alcalde. Arabic al-qāʾid in Spanish as alcaide, commander. Arabic al-qaṣr in Spanish as alcázar, alcazar. Arabic al-qubba in Spanish as alcoba, alcove. Arabic al-ʿuṣāra in Spanish as alizari, madder root. Arabic ar-rub in Spanish as arroba, a unit of measure. Arabic az-zahr ("the dice") in Spanish as azar, "randomness", and in French and English as "hazard" Arabic al-fīl ("the elephant") in Spanish as alfil "chess bishop" and in Italian as alfiere "chess bishop" (whose Russian name (slon) also means "elephant"). Arabic al-bakūra in Spanish as albacora, albacore. Arabic al-ġaṭṭās in Spanish as alcatraz, gannet. Arabic al-qanṭara ("the bridge") in Spanish as Alcántara. Medieval Latin Arabic al-ʾanbīq in Medieval Latin as alembicus, alembic. Arabic al-dabarān in Medieval Latin as Aldebaran, Aldebaran. Arabic al-ḥinnāʾ in Medieval Latin as alchanna, henna. Arabic al-ʿiḍāda in Medieval Latin as alidada, sighting rod. Arabic al-jabr in Medieval Latin as algebra, algebra. Arabic al-Khwarizmi in Medieval Latin as algorismus, algorithm. Arabic al-kīmiyāʾ in Medieval Latin as alchymia, alchemy. Arabic al-kuḥl (powdered antimony) in Medieval Latin as alcohol, which see for the change of meaning. Arabic al-naṭḥ in Medieval Latin as Alnath, Elnath (a star). Arabic al-qily in Medieval Latin as alkali, alkali. Arabic al-qurʾān in Medieval Latin as alcorānum, Koran. Other Arabic al-ġūl in English as Algol. Arabic al-majisti in French as almageste, almagest. Arabic al-minbar in Medieval Hebrew as ʾalmēmār, bema. Arabic al-qaly in English as alkali, alkaline. Arabic al-kuħl in Old French as alcohol (modern French alcool), and in English as alcohol. In Greek Junctural metanalysis played a role in the development of new words in the earliest period of Greek literature: during the oral transmission of the Homeric epics. Many words in the Homeric epics that are etymologically inexplicable through normal linguistic analysis begin to make some sense when junctural metanalysis at some stage in the transmission is assumed: e.g., the formula eche nedumos hypnos "sweet sleep held (him)" appears to be a resegmentation of echen edumos hypnos. Steve Reece has discovered several dozen similar instances of metanalysis in Homer, thereby shedding new light on their etymologies. Juncture loss is common in later Greek as well, especially in place names, or in borrowings of Greek names in Italian and Turkish, where particles () are