A "college of technology" is the translated Japanese word used to describe the educational Japanese college system, a variety of programmes of 4 or 5 years of study at a collegiate level. The , often abbreviated to are attended by students 15 years old or older. There are 63 institutions in Japan; most were established by the national government. Most of the institutions are technical schools, each with an enrollment of about 200 students per grade, focusing on engineering and mercantile marine studies. Statistics There are a total of 63 colleges of technology in Japan, of which 55 are national, five are public (established by local government) and three are private. Of the 63 institutions, five focus on marine mercantile studies while the rest are engineering schools. In 2016, there were a total of 57 colleges of technology in Japan, of which 51 were national, three are public and three are private. Approximately 60,000 students attend the colleges, including roughly 3,000 students in advanced programmes that follow completion of the initial 5-year programme. About 10,000 students graduate annually. The number is approximately 10% of the 4-year university graduates in engineering. Typically, one college has roughly 500–800 students, distributed in several departments. The 55 national public colleges are united under one governing body, the National Institute of Technology. However, each college have a certain level of autonomy and led by its own president. The official name of each college is "National Institute of Technology, XXXX College", with "XXXX" representing the name of the place where the college is situated. Establishment and programmes The colleges of technology were established starting in 1962 to respond to a need for well-trained manpower in the rapidly growing industrial sector. The colleges are distributed throughout Japan and many are in comparatively small population centres. Most of the national colleges were established by 1974 but the Okinawa college was only established in 2002 (accepting its first students in 2004). Students usually enter the colleges after lower secondary school (grade nine in the North American system or year ten in the British system). Therefore, students follow a 6-3-5 pattern of study (six years of elementary, three years of lower secondary and five years of college) rather than the more typical 6-3-3-4 system more commonly found in Japan. Entrance is by examination though some students may be accepted by recommendation. A few students are accepted after secondary school into