of the type specified is present in an abnormal form, but not sufficiently severe or frequent to meet the criteria for a 2" 2: "Definite abnormal behavior" 3: "Extreme severity of the specified behavior" 7: "Definite abnormality in the general area of the coding, but not of the type specified" 8: "Not applicable" 9: "Not known or asked" Algorithm A total score is then calculated for each of the interview's content areas. When applying the algorithm, a score of 3 drops to 2 and a score of 7, 8, or 9 drops to 0 because these scores do not indicate autistic behaviors and, therefore, should not be factored into the totals. In order to create the algorithm for diagnosis, the writers chose questions from the interview that were most closely related to the criteria for diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder in the DSM-IV and the ICD-10. An autism diagnosis is indicated when scores in all three behavioral areas meet or exceed the specified minimum cutoff scores. These cutoff scores were determined using the results of many years of extensively reviewed research. Cutoff scores Social interaction: 10. Communication and language: 8 (if verbal) or 7 (if non-verbal) Restricted and repetitive behaviours: 3 Training Extensive training and knowledge about autism spectrum disorder and the ADI-R is required for both conducting and scoring the interview. Training usually takes 2 or more months to complete depending on the person's clinical experience and interviewing skills. There are separate training procedures based on whether the ADI-R will be conducted for clinical or research purposes. To use the instrument as a clinician, there are training videos and workshops for administration and scoring. The ADI-R DVD Training Package offered by WPS provides clinical training in the use of the ADI-R. Researchers are required to attend specific research training and establish their reliability in using the ADI-R in order to use it for research purposes. The standard of practice is to attend an in-person ADI-R research training workshop and establish research reliability with the authors or their colleagues. Information about ADI-R research training workshops, including current dates and locations, can be found Center for Autism and the Developing Brain (CADB): http://cornellpsychiatry.org/education/autism.html History The ADI-R was written by Michael Rutter, MD FRS, Ann LeCouteur, MBBS and Catherine Lord, PhD. and published by Western Psychological Services in 2003. The original version of the Autism Diagnostic Interview, written in 1989, was used