and France. Similar regulations are in place where anyone having spent more than six months for Germany or one year for France living in the UK between January 1980 and December 1996 is permanently banned from donating blood. In Canada, individuals are not eligible to donate blood or plasma if they have spent a cumulative total of three months or more in the UK, or France from 1 January 1980 to December 31, 1996. They are also ineligible if they have spent a cumulative total of five years or more in the Republic of Ireland since January 1, 1980 through 31 December 2001 or spent a cumulative total of six months or more in Saudi Arabia from January 1, 1980, through December 31, 1996 or if they have had a blood transfusion in the UK, France or Western Europe since 1980. In Poland, anyone having spent cumulatively six months or longer between 1 January 1980 and 31 December 1996 in the UK, Ireland, or France is permanently barred from donating. In France, anyone having lived or stayed in the United Kingdom a total of over one year between 1 January 1980 and 31 December 1996 is permanently barred from donating. In the Czech Republic, anyone having spent more than six months in the UK or France between the years 1980 and 1996 or received transfusion in the UK after the year 1980 is not allowed to donate blood. In Finland, anyone having lived or stayed in the British Isles a total of over six months between 1 January 1980 and 31 December 1996 is permanently barred from donating. Sperm donation In the U.S., the FDA has banned import of any donor sperm, motivated by a risk of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, inhibiting the once popular import of Scandinavian sperm. Despite this, the scientific consensus is that the risk is negligible, as there is no evidence Creutzfeldt–Jakob is sexually transmitted. Occupational contamination In France, the last two victims of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, who died in 2019 and 2021, were research technicians at the National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE). Emilie Jaumain, who died in 2019, at the age of 33, had been the victim of a work accident in 2010, during which she had pricked herself with a tool contaminated with infected brain. The efficacy of this route of contamination has been unambiguously demonstrated in primates. Pierrette C.,