TAM Airlines Flight 3054 (JJ3054/TAM3054) was a regularly scheduled domestic passenger flight of TAM Airlines from Porto Alegre to São Paulo, Brazil. On the evening of July 17, 2007, the Airbus A320-233 serving the flight overran runway 35L at São Paulo during moderate rain and crashed into a nearby TAM Express warehouse adjacent to a Shell gas station. The plane exploded on impact, killing all 187 passengers and crew on board and 12 people on the ground. The crash surpassed Gol Transportes Aéreos Flight 1907 as the deadliest aviation accident in Brazilian territory and in South American history, and remains the deadliest aviation accident involving the A320 proper worldwide, and the second-deadliest air disaster involving the A320 family, surpassed by the bombing of Metrojet Flight 9268, an A321-231, which crashed in Egypt in October 2015 with 224 fatalities. The accident was investigated by the Brazilian Air Force's Aeronautical Accidents Investigation and Prevention Center (; CENIPA), with a final report issued in September 2009. CENIPA concluded that the accident was caused by errors committed by the pilots during the landing at São Paulo. Background Congonhas runway refit On both of Congonhas's airport runways (35L/17R and 35R/17L), a slope prevented the drainage of accumulated water on the asphalt. It was already smooth because of excess rubber caused by tire pressure during landing. There were no runway end safety areas, as at the end of runways 35L and 35R was Avenida Washington Luís (a busy avenue), as well several buildings and houses. On July 24, 2006, less than a year before the accident, a Boeing 737 of BRA Transportes Aéreos experienced difficulty stopping on runway 35L, but the pilots were able to bring the aircraft safely to a stop by performing a ground loop. Due to delays and flight cancellations caused by rains in early 2007, Infraero (the company that manages Congonhas airport) decided to resurface the asphalt on the airport's main runway. Channeling grooves were planned to reduce the risk of hydroplaning. The works were completed on June 29, but without the grooves. Infraero stated that applying them would take another 30 days. While the Congonhas runway was under renovation, the 2006–07 Brazilian aviation crisis continued to advance, meaning that the runway was open for use despite the incomplete refit. Landing difficulties On July 16, the day before the crash, four pilots who landed at the airport reported poor braking, including a