hairs with long hooks on the ends, distinct ridges and many other hairs with short hooks. The shell of Cipangopaludina chinensis grows allometrically (the height increasing faster than the width) and does so at a decreased rate in comparison with Cipangopaludina japonica, such that the adult shell is less elongate than that of its congener. The radula also may differ between Cipangopaludina japonica and Cipangopaludina chinensis, but there is so much variation even within one species that it is not a good diagnostic characteristic. However, as a general guide, in one North American population, the radula of Cipangopaludina chinensis had seven small cusps on the marginal tooth and a large central cusp with four small cusps on either side. Mystery snails (unlike apple snails) do not possess a siphon. They give live birth, and like all aquatic snails they only have one set of tentacles. Distribution Though native to East Asia from the tropics of Indochina to northern China, this species has established itself in North America. The native range is from Southeast Asia to Japan and eastern Russia. This species is widely distributed in China including the Chinese Loess Plateau. Nonindigenous distribution This species was sold in Chinese food markets in San Francisco in the late 1800s. It was collected as early as 1914 in Boston. It was probably released from an aquarium into the Niagara River between 1931 and 1942. It has become a problematic invasive species in many areas. This snail is an introduced species in the United States. It is found in "any or all of the tributaries on Grand Island and on both sides of the Niagara River in the United States and Canada." The nonindigenous distribution in the USA include: various ponds in Connecticut and Massachusetts; various ponds in New Hampshire; Potomac River, Maryland; Cocheco River, New Hampshire; Delaware River, New Jersey; Hudson River and Niagara River, New York; Schuylkill River and Susquehanna River, Pennsylvania; Annaquatucket River, Rhode Island; a few isolated locations in Maine and Virginia. Minnesota: 80 waters known as of 2016 Great Lakes Region: The first record of Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata in the Great Lakes dates from some time between 1931 and 1942 from the Niagara River, which flows into Lake Ontario. Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata occurs in Lake Erie, where it was introduced some time prior to 1968. Cipangopaludina chinensis was found for the first time in Oneida Lake, which flows