common civilization and destiny of the white race". Structure Pierre Sidos was the chief ideologue and leader of Jeune Nation. His brother François served as the president, and Jean Malardier as the treasurer. The leadership team was called the conductoire. Symbols The group used the Celtic Cross as their symbol, which may come from an initiation to Celtic esotericism Sidos received in prison in 1946–1948 from Marcel Bibé, a former Bezen Perrot member. During his internment, Sidos began to write about druidism and the Celtic Cross, which he described as the allegory of the "walking sun and universal life" in his prison notes. Sidos has stated that he was looking for a simple emblem to reproduce, unlike the eagle or the wild boar used by fascist groups at that time. Since its 1949 revival by Jeune Nation, the symbol has become popular among far-right movements in France and beyond in Europe. Notable members Pierre Sidos — founder of Jeune Nation, Occident and L'Œuvre Française Dominique Venner — founder of Europe-Action François d'Orcival — member of the editorial committee at Valeurs Actuelles Jean-Louis Tixier-Vignancour — candidate in the 1965 presidential election Jean-Jacques Susini — co-founder of the Organisation Armée Secrète François Duprat — founding member of the Front National Richard Bohringer — César Award for Best Actor recipient Pierre Bousquet — founding member of the Front National Pierre Vial Alain Robert Legacy Continuity Jeune Nation formed the most significant part of civil members in the pro-colonial paramilitary group Organisation Armée Secrète (OAS), founded in 1961. If they tried to import the OAS structures into Europe (via OAS-Métro), they never managed to spread the armed insurrection outside of Algeria. Pierre Sidos created Occident in 1964, but broke with the group in 1965–1966. He then founded L'Œuvre Française in 1968, and remained its leader until 2012. Following the ban of its organ Le Soleil in 1990, L'Œuvre Française founded in early 1994 in new magazine named Jeune Nation. L'Œuvre dissolved by official decree on 24 July 2013 along with its youth movement, "Jeunesses Nationalistes", the website was re-activated by nationalist militants Yvan Benedetti and Alexandre Gabriac, with the copyright "1958–2013 Jeune Nation". Post-fascist split The Federation of Nationalist Students (FEN) was created in 1960 by former Jeune Nation students after the publication of a "Manifesto of the Class of '60" where they committed themselves to "action of profound consequence", as opposed to "sterile