the Government Gazette on 25 June 1981. In a written submission to the Select Committee, the Pitjantjatjara Council explained that while it did "not wish to interfere with any person who wishes to mine, conduct business or otherwise live at or visit Mintabie lawfully," it had serious concerns about "sly grog selling" and consequent violence in the community, so expressed a wish that the Bill should include the Mintabie area under their title to enable integrated rules to apply to the whole area. In contrast, the opal miners of Mintabie – and also some from Coober Pedy – opposed the Bill, sometimes vehemently, suggesting that confrontation and bloodshed may follow if the Mintabie Precious Stones Field were excised from the Act. APY Land Rights Act 1981 lease-back After extensive discussions with both the Pitjantjatjara Council and the Mintabie Progress Association, the Parliamentary Select Committee recommended that the area of land covering the township of Mintabie be included in the grant of land to Anangu but would be leased back to the Crown for a period of 21 years. Such an arrangement would enable the Crown to "issue Annual Licenses to persons entering... and wishing to reside" at Mintabie. The Committee tabled its report on 3 March 1981 and the Bill proceeded through Parliament. On 2 October 1981, the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Land Rights Act 1981 came into operation, giving Anangu inalienable freehold title to the APY Lands. On that day, under Section 28(2) of the Act, the township of Mintabie was "deemed to have been leased by Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara to the Crown for a term of twenty-one years", until 21 October 2002. Section 28(2) covers an area of land defined as "section 1291 Out of Hundreds (Everard)", approximately . It is located within the Mintabie Precious Stone Field, which is approximately in size and is proclaimed for the purpose of opal mining. 2009 Amendment and 2012 extension In December 2009 the South Australian Parliament passed the Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Land Rights (Mintabie) Amendment Bill, which was an amendment to the APY Land Rights Act 1981, the Opal Mining Act 1995 and by-laws under the APY Land Rights Act 1981, affecting the residents of Mintabie. This Act changed the licensing system for residential and commercial premises effective 1 July 2012, allowing the Minister responsible for the Opal Mining Act to grant licences. On 20 April 2012, after several earlier extensions