English (now dialectal) that other taken for the tother. umpire: Middle English a noumpere taken for an oumpere. In French In French similar confusion arose between "le/la" and "l'-" as well as "de" and "d'-". French démonomancie ("demonomancy") taken for d'émonomancie ("of emonomancy"). Old French lonce ("lynx") taken for l'once, thus giving rise to once (hence ), now more often applied to the snow leopard. Old French une norenge ('an orange') taken for une orenge. boutique from Greek-derived Latin apotheca, a change found in some Romance languages (e.g. Italian bottega, Spanish bodega, Sicilian putìa), a putative proto-Romance l'aboteca or l'abodega taken for la + lexeme. licorne ("unicorn") from rebracketing of l'icorne; icorne itself comes from rebracketing of Old French unicorne as une icorne. lierre ("ivy") from Old French liere, a rebracketing of l'iere. In Dutch Dutch shares several examples with English, but also has some of its own. Many examples were created by reanalysing an initial n- as part of a preceding article or case ending. adder: As in English. arreslee (horse-drawn sleigh): From early modern Dutch een (n)arreslede, from nar "fool, jester" + slede "sleigh". avegaar "auger": As in English. omelet "omelette": As in English. spijt "pity, regret": From Middle Dutch despijt, from Old French despit "spite". Reanalysed as de spijt "the pity". Rijsel "Lille" : from ter IJsel "at the Isle", reanalyzed as te Rijsel "at Lille". In Arabic In Arabic the confusion is generally with non-Arabic words beginning in "al-" (al is Arabic for "the"). Alexander the Great has been interpreted in Arabic as Iskandar; by extension: Greek Alexandreia (Alexandria) taken for al Exandreia (and thus Al-Iskandariyah; this is also an example of metathesis). Greek Alexandretta taken for al Exandretta (and thus Iskenderun; this too is an example of metathesis). Visigothic Ulishbona (Lisbon) taken for ul Ishbona (and thus medieval Arabic al-Ishbūnah). In Greek Negroponte (Euboea) from (sto Nevripos), rebracketing of (ston Evripos), and then a folk etymology connecting it to Italian ponte 'bridge' Cattaro (Kotor) from , Decatera splitting to De Catera (of Catera) in Italian, then to Cattaro/Kotor. Examples of juncture loss ajar from on char ("on turn"). alligator from Spanish el lagarto ("the lizard"). alone from all one. atone from at one. From Arabic "al" Perhaps the most common case of juncture loss in English comes from the Arabic al- (mentioned above), mostly via Spanish, Portuguese, and Medieval Latin: Spanish Arabic al-faṣfaṣa in Spanish