to facilitate the effective exercise of the right of establishment and freedom to provide services". The legitimate purposes of the European Union include "the abolition, as between Member States, of obstacles to the free movement of persons and services". This has been regularly recited in EU Directives, such as 2005/36/EC of 7 September 2005 "on recognition of professional qualifications". That abolishing of obstacles has brought in its train a series of Directives by which the EEC/EC/EU had been carrying out its functions vis-à-vis Member States in connection with the mutual recognition of the qualifications of architects and certain other professions. It was pursuant to those Directives that a person from one Member State (or certain other states) wishing to practise in another might be required to produce a certificate of qualification; and that in the United Kingdom, the Architects Registration Board has been acting as the "Competent Authority" in respect of architects. Revised arrangements were introduced in June 2008, pursuant to EU Directive 2005/36/EC. This Directive defines "competent authority" among other things as a body empowered by a Member State specifically to receive the applications and to take the decisions referred to in the Directive; and "regulated profession" as a professional activity one of the modes of pursuit of which is subject by virtue of legislative provision to the possession of specific professional qualifications. From grant, 1932 to denial of right, 1942 The statutory Register of Architects By subsection 3(3) of the originating Act of 1931 the statutory register was to be called the Register of Registered Architects. This was changed to the Register of Architects by subsection 3(3) of the 1938 Act, with effect from 1 August 1940. The name the Register of Architects has continued unchanged, and remains so under the Architects Act 1997. "...take and use..." The long title of the 1931 Act was: An Act to provide for the Registration of architects and for purposes connected therewith. and under section 10 persons who were entitled to apply for registration could thereby claim "to take and use the name or title 'Registered Architect' ", as a statutory right, with effect from 1932. Penal restriction That was radically altered by the 1938 Act, as its long title indicates: An Act to restrict the use of the name Architect to Registered Architects and to extend the time within which practising architects may apply for registration. Among other things, by