is dependent on the richness of the soil. Very lean soils without organic matter will grow compact plants, and in rich soils, the plants will become large and competitive. It is not tolerant of deep shade and can be crowded out by taller species which grow over it and deprive it of light. Some Indigenous peoples of the Northwest Plateau have used three-flowered avens to treat tuberculosis. As recorded by Walter McClintock and later John C. Hellson, people of the Blackfeet Nation made an infusion of the roots to treat sore throats, canker sores in the mouth, and application to wounds and the infusion was also mixed with grease to create a salve used for the treatment of rashes, blisters, sores, and wounds. Infusions of the whole plant were used to treat severe coughs. The roots of G. Triflorum were scraped and mixed with tobacco and then smoked by the Blackfeet to "clear the head". They also drank a tea made of the whole plant to promote general health. Gallery References External links Fire Effects Information System Wisconsin Horticulture Division of Extension Southwest Colorado Wildflowers Jepson Manual Treatment NatureNorth - Old Man's Whiskers Archive.org mirror of Geum triflorum photographs triflorum Flora of Western Canada Flora of the Northwest Territories Flora of Ontario Flora of Yukon Flora of the Northwestern United States Flora of the Southwestern United States Flora of Illinois Flora of Iowa Flora of Michigan Flora of Minnesota Flora of New Mexico Flora of New York (state) Flora of North Dakota Flora of South Dakota Flora of Wisconsin Plants described in 1814 Taxa named by Frederick Traugott Pursh