issued a provisional statement, noting that they were investigation potential synergistic effects between melamine and cyanuric acid. However, by 21 June, the Health & Consumer Protection Directorate-General of the European Commission found that there was "no need to take restrictive measures" on livestock who had eaten contaminated feed, nor on food products derived from such animals. In 2008, the reports of contaminated powdered milk in China led to renewed examination of potential health risks. The EFSA issued a press release on 25 September 2008, noting that children who consumed above-average levels of milk products could potentially be at risk. A report from the Chinese Ministry of Health found that 294,000 infants in China had been affected by melamine-contaminated infant formula by the end of November 2008. More than 50,000 infants were hospitalized, and six deaths were confirmed, as a result of this contamination. Impact on human pharmaceutical supply In August 2009 the United States Food and Drug Administration advised pharmaceutical manufacturers that they should determine if they are using components possibly contaminated with melamine and test those components at risk, as well as make sure they get certifications from suppliers that at-risk components have been tested appropriately. A new guidance lists 27 components the agency considers to be at risk of melamine contamination based on its search of U.S. Pharmacopeia/National Formulary monographs and its Inactive Ingredient Database. The list — which includes adenine, ammonium salts, gelatin, guar gum, lactose, povidone and taurine — is not all-inclusive, the guidance says. "For the purpose of this guidance, we use the term at-risk component to mean those ingredients or raw materials that rely on a test for nitrogen content for their identity or purity or strength, and that contain nitrogen in amounts greater than 2.5 percent." Reaction In China Chinese government Once wheat gluten had been isolated as the source of the problems, federal investigators in the United States began to trace the gluten used in the foods. All of the gluten came from ChemNutra's Kansas City warehouse. ChemNutra said it had imported nearly 800 tonnes of wheat gluten from the Xuzhou Anying Biologic Technology Development Company of Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China between 29 November and 8 March. ChemNutra says the gluten came directly from China or from China through the Netherlands, and that the company had received no reports of contamination in the chemical analysis provided by Xuzhou Anying Biologic Technology Development Company.