Justice Pumfrey ruled in the important copyright case of Navitaire v Easyjet (2004), where he found that the 'look and feel' of a computer program could not be protected by copyright law without access to the program's source code. The judgment is seen to be in line with the Directive on Computer Programs. He decided the case of Cantor Fitzgerald v Tradition UK (2001), where he ruled that the 3,000 out of 77,000 lines of copied source code by Tradition's programmers would be substantial, it not being important to substantiality what use the program made out of the code, i.e. whether it could function without it or not, but it would be a substantial if the part taken was original. He ruled in Sandman v Panasonic that a single create effort could result in both a literary and artistic copyright, giving the example of a calligraphic poem of a cat. Bibliography The Protection of Designs, contribution in International Intellectual Property and the Common Law World, edited by Charles E.F. Rickett and Graeme W. Austin, Oxford : Hart, 2000, References 1951 births 2007 deaths Alumni of St Edmund Hall, Oxford 20th-century English judges Lords Justices of Appeal Knights Bachelor Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom People educated at St Edward's School, Oxford Chancery Division judges 21st-century English judges