Mark Jeffrey (or "Big Mark") (1825–1894) was an English convict who departed England on 12 December 1849 and arrived in Australia on 30 April 1850. Mark Jeffrey was described as "A terror to those in authority. He always fought against injustice...". His father, John, worked for a doctor and when the doctor died John was left with nowhere to live and no money which compelled him to become an alcoholic. Mark and his younger brother Luke then took to burglary to escape their father who severely beat them. Mark and Luke made a fairly good sum out of burglary but it was at their fifteenth burglary that they were caught and sentenced to fifteen years' transportation to a penal colony despite conflicting evidence which was resolved by a man named John Hart. Mark then attempted to attack Hart in the courtroom before being restrained. While awaiting transportation, Mark and his brother were sent to Millbank Prison where he again met John Hart. It was then that Jeffrey's temper arose and he spoke to Hart in such a manner that caused him to die of a heart attack without Jeffrey physically touching him. Jeffrey was charged with manslaughter but the charges were then dropped because of his arguments that Hart brought it upon himself. While in Millbank Prison, Jeffrey was in many disputes over his rights to food and rations but it was while awaiting transportation working in dockyards that Jeffrey found himself being severely punished after his lack of rations resulted in his violent attacks. Jeffrey became so depressed that he pleaded with the authorities to be executed but they had a different punishment in mind. After a long and stormy voyage on the ship Elisa, Jeffrey worked torturously on Norfolk Island (an island off NSW between Australia, NZ and New Caledonia) before being sent to Separate Prison in Port Arthur for six months over more controversy over provisions. In 1866 Jeffrey was a free man but was unable to work because of an injury in his legs so Jeffrey was sentenced back to Separate Prison as an "Invalid". In 1870, Jeffrey was freed again but shortly after he was involved in a fight in a pub and convicted of manslaughter sentencing him back into the prison in Port Arthur for life. Jeffrey spent extensive periods at a time in solitary imprisonment wearing leg-irons giving shooting pain and ulcers all