by default. Objective (oblique) case The objective case (-n ~ -in) has five general functions, marking: the object of a verb in plain (i.e. unmarked non-future) form the agent of a passive verb in plain form the subject of a contemporaneous dependent clause (i.e. a 'while'/'when' clause) the locative complement of a verb in the plain negative or negative imperative the object of the sequential imperative (see section on verb morphology above). Lardil displays some irregularities in object-marking morphology. Locative case The locative marker (-nge ~ -e ~ -Vː) appears on the locative complement of a verb in plain form. The objective case serves this purpose with negative verbs. Locative case is formed by lengthening the final vowel in instances of vowel-final base forms such as barnga 'stone' (LOC barngaa). While the Locative case can denote a variety of locative relations (such as those expressed in English by at, on, in, along, etc.), such relations may be specified using inherently locative nominals (e.g. minda 'near', nyirriri 'under') that do not themselves inflect for this case. Nominals corresponding to animate beings tend not to be marked with Locative case; Genitive is preferred for such constructions as yarramangan 'on the horse' (lit. 'of the horse'). On pronouns, for which case-marking is irregular, Locative case is realized via 'double-expression' of Genitive case: ngada 'I' > ngithun 'I(gen) = my' > ngithunngan 'I(gen)+gen = on me'. Genitive case The genitive morpheme (-kan ~ -ngan) marks a possessor nominal the agent of a passive verb in the future, non-future or evitative the pronominal agent of any passive verb the subject of a relative clause, if it is a non-subject in the sentence the subject of a cleft construction in which the topic is a non-subject (e.g. Diin wangal, ngithun thabuji-kan kubaritharrku 'This boomerang, my brother made.'). Future The object of a verb in future tense (either negative or affirmative) is marked for futurity by a suffix (-kur ~ -ur ~ -r), as in the sentence below: The future marker also has four other functions. It marks: the locative complement ('into the house', 'on the stone') of a future verb the object of a verb in contemporaneous form the object of a verb in the evitative form (often translated as 'be liable to V', 'might V') the dative complement of certain verbs (e.g. ngukur 'for-water' in Lewurda ngukur 'Ask him for water'). The instrumental case inflection