Act, 1931 had conferred on the Council (ARCUK) a limited power to make regulations to prescribe anything which by the Act was specifically required or authorised to be prescribed (such as, the annual retention fee or regulating meetings and procedure of the Council) and "generally for carrying out or facilitating the purposes of the Act". But under subsection 13(2) any such regulations would have no force or validity unless previously approved by the Privy Council in the manner prescribed by section 13. The Board now has limited powers under the Architects Act 1997 to make rules in the manner prescribed by the Act, but not to make regulations. This has not stopped the Board using the word "regulation" in ways which appear to be at some variance with the contemporary usage of Parliament as the legislator, or with the usage of persons or bodies practising in the regulatory field as commonly understood, such as: "regulation of the use of title" and "regulation of all aspects relating to the conduct and discipline of architects". These are certainly more than overstatements of the very limited powers for which the Board was actually reconstituted under the 1996/1997 legislation, which gave the Board no power over architects or the supply of architectural services as such, and where the restraint on the use of title is in fact prescribed by the legislation and not delegated to the Board, whose main function under the Architects Act 1997 is no more than to maintain and publish the Register of Architects in the manner prescribed by the Act, its other functions being ancillary to that function, which in turn is for the purpose of enabling prosecutors and courts to ascertain whether a person is liable to conviction for infringement of the restriction on the use of "architect". EU Directives and qualifications It can be inferred that some risk of conceptual confusion about regulation has resulted from an apparent need to let the native language accommodate terms derived from the habitual idiom of Directives and other documents issued by the European Union, formerly known as the European Economic Community, including Directive 85/384/EEC, referred to in the Architects Act 1997 in connection with the recognition of qualifications acquired in an EEA State (European Economic Area). The Directive, of 10 June 1985, was headed "on the mutual recognition of diplomas, certificates and other evidence of formal qualifications in architecture, including measures