permafrost melts and decreases the height of the water table in the Arctic. Finally, the impacts of the release of carbon from the permafrost could be amplified by high levels of deforestation in the Boreal forests in Eurasia and Canada. This biome currently serves as a large carbon sink, sequestering large amounts of carbon dioxide. However, over half of the original forest has been or in danger of harvesting, largely for export. Carbon Dioxide is a greenhouse gas, which facilitates increased warming of the earth. Arctic Biodiversity and Climate Change Climate change has drastically altered many parts of the planet, especially at the poles, including the Arctic. It has directly and indirectly affected a variety of species that are a part of the Arctic marine ecosystem. Due to the shifts in temperature and other ecological conditions, there have also been new species introduced into the ecosystem (Chan 2018). Climate change has led to an increase in the number of non-indigenous species (NIS) introduced to the Arctic. Between 1960 and 2015, there have been between 0-4 NIS discovered each year. But parts of the Arctic, such as the Iceland Shelf have had a greater number of introductions and discoveries per year at around 14 NIS (Chan 2018). The aquatic species introduced accounted for 39% of the NIS species introduced to the Arctic region. This migration of NIS species has been attributed to climate change inducing human activities such as shipping, aquaculture, stocking, and building canals (Chan 2018). These NIS introductions have been labeled a major threat to global biodiversity (Rotter 2020). Climate change has directly and indirectly decreased the general productivity of native species like the Eskimo curlew while increasing the number of noninvasive species introduced further altering ecosystem dynamics (Chan 2018). Climate change has also been responsible for rising sea levels, changes in ocean currents, variations in temperature, and the amount of existing sea-ice (Barber 2008). These habitat and condition alterations in the Arctic and also in areas outside of it have threatened many different species, especially migratory birds along the East Asian flyway, which is a route frequently used by many bird species and is protected by various countries (Yong 2021). The Eskimo curlew, which is a kind of bird, has gone nearly extinct due to overharvesting outside of the Arctic. With the sea levels also on the rise and an increased rate of coastal development, coastal and intertidal