also African-American stereotypes Blackface Sherman H. Dudley References Works cited Blesh, Rudi and Harris, Janet; "They All Played Ragtime"; Alfred P. Knopf; New York: 1950. Chude-Sokei, Louis; "The Last 'Darky: Bert Williams, Black-on-Black Minstrelsy, and the African Diaspora; Duke University Press Books; Durham, North Carolina: 2006. 288p. . Hamm, Charles. "Genre, Performance and Ideology in the Early Songs of Irving Berlin." Popular Music 13: 143-150 (1994). Hubbard-Brown, Janet; "Scott Joplin: Composer"; Chelsea House; New York: 2006. Mencken, H.L. "Designations for Colored Folk" in Knickerbocker, William Skinkle, Twentieth Century English, Ayer Publishing (1970). Lemons, J. Stanley. "Black Stereotypes as Reflected in Popular Culture, 1880-1920." American Quarterly 29: 102-116 (1977). Peress, Maurice. "Dvorak to Duke Ellington: A Conductor Explores America's Music and Its African American Roots" Oxford University Press (2003). Reublin, Richard A. and Robert L. Maine. "Question of the Month: What Were Coon Songs?" Jim Crow Museum of Racist Memorabilia website, Ferris State University (May 2005). Sotiroupoulos, Karen. "Staging Race: Black Performers in Turn of the century America", Harvard University Press (2006). Stras, Laurie; "White Face, Black Voice: Race, Gender, and Region, in the Music of the Boswell Sisters", in Journal of the Society for American Music; Vol 1:Issue 2; May 2007, pp 207–255. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. External links Detroit Public Library E. Azalia Hackley Collection of African Americans in the Performing Arts (Featuring Songs of this Genre) African-American cultural history African-American history between emancipation and the civil rights movement Stereotypes of African Americans American music history 19th-century music genres 20th-century music genres American styles of music Vaudeville songs Anti-African and anti-black slurs