off Lister, Norway. She sighted the German merchant off southern Norway at and sank her with torpedoes. Sturgeon ended her patrol in Lerwick on 16 August. On 2 September, she started her twenty-ninth combat patrol, in the Norwegian Sea. The next day, Sturgeon sighted a German submarine in position and attempted to attack it, but the range between the two submarines could not be closed. The submarine was likely the German , sailing towards the Atlantic on her first war patrol. On 6 September, Sturgeons aft hydroplanes jammed, rendering diving highly unsafe. She set course for Lerwick, arriving there four days later. Mediterranean patrols After repairs at Chatham Dockyard and Scapa Flow, Sturgeon sailed for Gibraltar on 27 October 1942, temporarily assigned to the 8th Submarine Flotilla which operated in the Mediterranean Sea. On 6 November, Sturgeon was mistakenly attacked by Lockheed Hudson aircraft, which dropped three depth charges in position , causing no damage. Sturgeon arrived later that day. On 10 November 1942, Sturgeon departed Gibraltar for her thirtieth (first in the Mediterranean) patrol, off Toulon, France, then Naples, Italy. Sturgeon ended her patrol at Gibraltar on 2 December. Between 20 and 24 December, she moved to Algiers, then between 12 and 14 January, she shifted to Mers El Kébir. From 16 January 1943 to 15 February, she conducted antisubmarine exercises off Mers El Kébir with various Royal Navy ships, then returned to Algiers on 16 February. Sturgeon then conducted further exercises off Gibraltar until 23 April 1943, when she set sail for Portsmouth, Britain. On 13 May, she shifted to Plymouth for a refit, but before it could be completed, she was loaned to the Royal Netherlands Navy, which renamed her RnMs Zeehond. Service as RnMs Zeehond Under the command of Donald Theodoor Mackay, Zeehond shifted to Portsmouth, then departed for the River Clyde on 11 November 1943. Between 14 November and 10 December, she conducted training off Rothesay, then in the Clyde area. On 11 December, Zeehond departed Rothesay for St. John's, Newfoundland. However, she encountered heavy seas and used too much fuel for the trip, forcing her to return to Londonderry, Northern Ireland. She then conducted exercises off the River Clyde with from 1 to 8 February. After sailing to Lerwick, she left port for the first war patrol. She was ordered to conduct an antisubmarine patrol in the Norwegian Sea. The patrol was uneventful, and