Robert Douglas Hinshelwood (born 1938) is an English psychiatrist and academic. He is a Professor Emeritus of Psychoanalytic Studies at the University of Essex. He trained as a doctor and psychiatrist. He has taken an interest in the Therapeutic Community movement since 1974, and was founding editor of The International Journal of Therapeutic Communities (in 1980), having edited, with Nick Manning, Therapeutic Communities: Reflections and Progress (1979, London: Routledge). Career He qualified as a psychoanalyst in 1976. He took up the post of Consultant Psychotherapist at St Bernard's Hospital in London (now St Bernard's Wing, Ealing Hospital). He was Clinical Director of the Cassel Hospital in Richmond, between 1993 and 1997. In 1984 he founded the British Journal of Psychotherapy, and edited it for ten years. In 1999 he founded the Journal Psychoanalysis and History. Around this time he became part of the Free Associations Group (founded by Bob Young and others) which ran the Journal Free Associations, and with Mike Rustin at the University of East London put on 'Psychoanalysis and Public Sphere' conferences in the 1990s. Hinshelwood's A Dictionary of Kleinian Thought (1989) was welcomed by Hanna Segal as "a work of great devotion", which "did for the development of Klein's thought what Laplanche & Pontalis did for Freud". A second edition of the Dictionary (1991) addressed criticisms that the first edition had neglected the theoretical contributions of Betty Joseph. Clinical Klein (1994) explored clinical cases from Freud, Klein, Paula Heimann. Joan Riviere, Wilfred Bion, Roger Money-Kyrle, Herbert Rosenfeld, Hanna Segal, Donald Meltzer, Betty Joseph, Edna O'Shaughnessy, Henri Rey, Eric Brenman, Murray Jackson, Leslie Sohn, Ruth Riesenberg-Malcolm, Irma Brenman Pick, Ronald Britton, Michael Feldman and John Steiner. Both books were widely translated, and influenced the development of Kleinian ideas within international psychoanalysis (this recognised by the Melanie Klein Trust). He has pursued an interest in the application of psychoanalytic ideas in social science, and especially concerning mental health institutions (Thinking about Institutions. and Suffering Insanity; and published, with Wilhelm Skogstad Observing Organisations, a psychoanalytic observation method for exposing unconscious dynamics in social organisations. He retired from the NHS in 1997. He became professor at the Centre for Psychoanalytic Studies at the University of Essex. In 2012, he was Visiting Professor at the Committee for Social Thought, University of Chicago. More recently, after more than a decade of teaching research methodology to postgraduates and research students, he published Research