Events from the year 1865 in the United Kingdom. Incumbents Monarch – Victoria Prime Minister – Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston (Liberal) (until 18 October); John Russell, 1st Earl Russell (Liberal) (starting 29 October) Parliament – 18th (until 6 July) Events 4 April – official opening of Crossness Pumping Station, a major landmark in completion of the new London sewerage system designed by Joseph Bazalgette for the Metropolitan Board of Works. 28 May – the Mimosa sets sail, carrying Welsh emigrants to Patagonia. June–August – Francis Galton formulates eugenics. 4 June – the lyrics of the hymn "Onward, Christian Soldiers", written by Sabine Baring-Gould as "Hymn for Procession with Cross and Banners", are first sung by children processing to St Peter's Church, Horbury, in the West Riding of Yorkshire. 7 June – Rednal rail crash in Shropshire: 13 killed, 30 injured. 9 June – Staplehurst rail crash in Kent: 10 killed, 49 injured; Charles Dickens is amongst the survivors. 25 June – James Hudson Taylor founds the China Inland Mission at Brighton. 26 June – Jumbo, a young male African elephant, arrives at London Zoo and becomes a popular attraction. 29 June – new Poor Law Act improves conditions in workhouses. 2 July – the Christian Mission, later renamed The Salvation Army, is founded in Whitechapel, London by William and Catherine Booth. 4 July – Lewis Carroll's children's book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland is published by Macmillan in London for Daresbury-born Oxford don Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (Carroll), three years after it was first narrated to Alice Liddell and her sisters. He and his illustrator, John Tenniel, withdraw this edition from UK distribution and the first trade editions are published on 26 November and released in December (dated 1866). 5 July – first speed limit is introduced in Britain by the Locomotive Act – 2 mph in town and 4 mph in the country. 14 July – a party led by Edward Whymper makes the first ascent of the Matterhorn. 23 July – the departs on a voyage to lay a transatlantic telegraph cable. 11–24 July – general election won by the Liberal Party led by Lord Palmerston. September – John Henry Walsh (writing as 'Stonehenge' in the magazine The Field) gives the first definition of a dog breed standard (for the pointer) based on physical form. 28 September – Elizabeth Garrett Anderson graduates as Britain's first woman doctor. 11