the new flat base projectile that had a ballistic coefficient (G1 BC) of approximately 0.405 with a cupro-nickel alloy jacket was incorporated into the M1906 .30-06 Springfield cartridge adopted by U.S. armed forces in 1906. The Ball, M1906 rounds had a muzzle velocity of and had a maximum terminal range of approximately and can be identified by their silver-colored bullets. The cupro-nickel alloy was found to foul the bore quickly. Russian Empire In 1908 the Russian Empire adopted a new 7.62×54mmR service round variant loaded with the "L" Лёгкая Пуля (Lyogkhaya pulya, "Light Bullet") spitzer bullet that had a ballistic coefficient (G1 BC) of approximately 0.338. The 7.62×54mmR M1908 Type L cartridge had a muzzle velocity of . United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland In 1910 the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland officially adopted the .303 British Mark VII cartridge variant loaded with an flat base spitzer bullet that had a ballistic coefficient (G1 BC) of approximately 0.467. The .303 British Mark VII cartridge had a muzzle velocity of and a maximum terminal range of approximately . Switzerland In 1911 Switzerland adopted the 7.5×55mm GP 11 cartridge loaded with a spitzer full metal jacket bullet. Besides a pointed nose, the GP 11 bullet also had a boat tail to further lower the drag coefficient (Cd). The GP 11 projectile had a ballistic coefficient (G1 BC) of 0.505 to 0.514 (ballistic coefficients are somewhat debatable) and had a maximum terminal range of approximately under Swiss chosen atmospheric conditions (altitude = , air pressure = Hg, temperature = ) equaling ICAO Standard Atmosphere conditions at (air density ρ = 1.150 kg/m3). At muzzle velocity the standard GP 11 ball spitzer bullet retained supersonic velocity up to (V800 ≈ Mach 1.1) under ICAO Standard Atmosphere conditions at sea level (air density ρ = 1.225 kg/m3). The GP 11 bullet set off the militaries of countries like Germany, the United States and the United Kingdom at the onset of and after World War I to develop and field similar full metal jacket boat tail spitzer bullets to improve the maximum effective range and long range performance of the full metal jacket flat based spitzer bullet designs they used. The useful maximum effective range is defined by the maximum range of a small-arms projectile while still maintaining the minimum kinetic energy required to put unprotected personnel out of action, which is generally