oil extracted in Nigeria was exported to the United States, the plaintiffs did not provide enough evidence that the two incidents underlying this litigation or Chevron’s treatment of the local communities had any impact on the U.S. economy. On December 1, 2008, the jury delivered a complete defense verdict for Chevron. On September 10, 2010 the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals upheld a jury verdict in favor of Chevron Corporation. Legal implications Legal regulation of multinational corporations is difficult because they are not under the control of any one jurisdiction. Rather, they are subject to multiple legal systems, including the country of their corporate headquarters as well as the countries in which they operate. There is no international oversight body to regulate multinational corporations, or an international forum in which suit may be brought against multinational corporations. It can be difficult for domestic courts to hold multinational corporations responsible for jurisdictional reasons or because the particular government lacks the legal infrastructure to impose liability. An example of a jurisdictional shortcoming in the United States is the difficulty of piercing the corporate veil. It can be extremely difficult to hold a parent company liable for acts committed by its subsidiary. Bowoto v. Chevron Corp. is an example of the difficulties in suing a multinational corporation for alleged violations of human rights, and perhaps the need for more formal regulation and accountability of multinational corporations. References External links Bowoto v. Chevron Trial Blog Justice in Nigeria Now EarthRights International Center for Constitutional Rights Chevron United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit cases United States District Court for the Northern District of California cases Chevron Corporation Alien Tort Statute case law Nigeria–United States relations United States District Court case articles without infoboxes