an Ugaritic text. The Sabaic hallowed phrase (, ) itself had a parallel in a reference to (, ) in a text from Emar. One of the hypostases of the South Arabian ʿAṯtar was (), whose name, which was a -pattern Semitic word formation meaning "rainfall," was related to Geʽez (), Amharic (), Tigrē (), and Eastern Gurage (), all meaning "rainy season." Kirrūm was thus a form of ʿAṯtar who provided fertility in the form of the rain he dispensed. The Babylonians identified Kirrūm, under the name (), with their own goddess (), who was herself the goddess of the planet Venus as well as the Mesopotamian feminine form of ʿAṯtar. Another hypostasis of the South Arabian ʿAṯtar was (), that is ʿAṯtar of the East, who was invoked especially in curses as an avenger god against enemies. Among Arabs ʿAṯtar was worshipped as a masculine deity among the ancient Arabs, who during the Iron Age were located principally in the Syrian Desert and North Arabia. Similarly to the link between ʿAttar and the ancestral cult of the among the Aramaeans, there also existed a connection between ʿAttar and the cult of the ancestors among Arabs which is attested from as early as the 7th century BC in the form of personal name recorded in Akkadian as (), from an original Ancient North Arabian form , in which the divine patron of a clan or tribe, the (, of which is the -type broken plural), is assimilated to ʿAttar. One 8th century BC Aramaic inscription found in a tomb in a region of the Zagros Mountains close to a Mannaean royal tomb mentions ʿAttar as (), that is a variant of ʿAttar whose epithet was the Old Arabic plural form of (), , with ʿAttar-Muṣurūn thus being ʿAttar of the Marches. The name "the Marches" itself was the designation assigned by the Mesopotamians to the northern Ḥijāz and the Negev. The name of the deity is followed by the title (), corresponding to Ancient North Arabian () and Ethiosemitic (), and meaning "the ruler." ʿAttar-Muṣurūn was thus the main deity of North Arabia, and the tomb in which his name was found inscribed likely belonged to an Arab who had been deported by the Assyrians to their northeastern border regions. In Qedar The Qedarite Arabs worshipped ʿAṯtar in his form of , whose name is attested in Ancient North