imprinted. Netherlands In the Netherlands, the function of military police is performed by the Koninklijke Marechaussee ("Royal Constabulary"), a separate branch of the military independent of the Army, Navy and Air Force. Besides performing military duties, the Marechaussee is also a gendarmerie force. The word Marechaussee seems to derive from the old French name Marecheaux given to an ancient court of justice in Paris called the "Tribunal of Constables and Marshals of France". These constables and marshals were to become members of the Gendarmerie which served as a model for the police forces of both Belgium and the Netherlands. The term Marechaussee was also used for the US Army's military police during the American Revolution. New Zealand Currently all three military police units operate under the newly established tri service unit of the Joint Military Police Unit (JMPU). The military police units, RNZN Naval Police, Royal New Zealand Military Police and RNZAF Police still maintain their own separate service identity but operate under a single provost marshal and investigate offences against the Armed Forces Discipline Act 1971. The Joint Military Police Unit operates outside of the normal Navy, Army and Air Force command chain. The Provost Marshal currently holds the rank of a Colonel and she reports directly to the Vice Chief of the NZDF. All complex and serious investigations are handled by the JMPU Special Investigations Branch (SIB). It has a similar role to the Australian Defence Force Investigative Service (ADFIS). All JMPU personnel are identifiable by the blue and white "MP" patch they wear on their uniform and their blue beret as head dress. Norway In Norway, military police are service members of the Norwegian Army, Royal Norwegian Navy or Royal Norwegian Air Force. Since about 2002, all are trained at Sessvollmoen Camp. Norwegian MPs do not have authority over civilians, except on military installations or under martial law; they also have authority to direct civilian traffic as part of military exercises. They do have authority over military personnel anywhere, including when such personnel are off duty. When the military police uncover serious crimes among Norwegian service members, it forwards the case to the civilian Norwegian Police Service for investigation. Norwegian MPs first go through a six-month selection/educational period, before being assigned to the battalion or to regimental duties with other units for the remainder of their twelve-month service. The Heimevernet ("Home Guard") also has MPs in its