1950s, however, kinesiology, specifically, proprioception and proprioceptive feedback, and cognitive ergonomics to speed the development of procedural memory were not well understood, and his approach went mostly unnoticed outside of a small segment of the shooting community. McDaniel's primary contributions to instinct-shooting instruction were twofold. First, after analyzing, via time-and-motion studies, all of the moves involved in shouldering, pointing, and firing the rifle or shotgun instinctively, or in quick-drawing and hip-shooting the handgun, McDaniel minimized the number of moves required to point and fire the gun at the target; and, at the same time, minimized the number of joints in the body left mobile (i.e., the variables), which the subconscious mind would have to control in order to direct the muscles of the body to point and shoot the gun accurately. Secondly, he developed an effective training program of motor learning to teach the student's subconscious mind how to quickly solve all of the guidance-and-control problems involved, and how to use those solutions to direct the relevant muscles to point and fire the gun, so as to hit the target without conscious thought on the part of the shooter, except to select the target and initiate the process. The key factor was the use of feedback to correct for positioning errors, by directing the student to always try to bracket the target with the next shot, rather than attempt to hit it directly. This was the fast track for training the subconscious mind to attain a high degree of accuracy in a short time. In his 1980 book, McDaniel called that key factor "proprioceptive feedback". Notes References Instinct Shooting, by Mike Jennings, New York: Dodd, Mead, 1959 Lucky McDaniel's Secrets to Shooting, by Lucky McDaniel and Bill Reece, Columbus, Georgia 31904: Waldrup Printing Company, 1980 External links Shotgun News, 9 June 2006, "Instinct Shooting with Airguns", by Tom Gaylord, Time, 14 July 1967, "Quick Kill" Sports Illustrated, 20 October 1958, "Shooting by instinct. Anyone can shoot like a tv western hero after a one-hour lesson, and here's how" The US Army Quick Kill Training Quick Kill - TT 23-71-1 - The US Army's fast, unaimed, and accurate rifle shooting method 1925 births 1986 deaths American male sport shooters