of individuals that have jobs unrelated to the situation, but respond due to their proximity, or personal attachment, to the sight of the incident. Examples include: Campus Response: Campus response teams are groups of individuals that get together to form a team to help ensure the safety and protection of their fellow students on a university, or other school campus. Many universities around the world encourage their students to be active in this type of organization to keep students aware of the dangers on campus and help respond to incidents that happen. Members of campus response teams normally train in CPR and other types of basic first aid, as well as what to do until proper respondents can arrive on the scene. St. John Ambulance: The St. John Ambulance Association, created to teach volunteers how to perform basic first aid, was founded in 1877 in the United Kingdom. Since then, the organization has spread around the world. Now having multiple volunteer groups in numerous countries such as: United States, New Zealand, and Canada. Neighborhood watch: Neighborhood watches are groups of individuals that live in the same area and have joined together in hopes to stop crime within their neighborhood. It is something that has been used in numerous neighborhoods around the world to discourage would be criminals from targeting their houses, cars, or citizens. Normally these teams meet up on certain nights to discuss strategies of patrol, establish persons for patrol, discuss what to do if an incident happens, and likely try to work with the police to ensure that the watch can be successful when standing up to crime. In some cities local law enforcement will get together with different communities and give presentations on the idea of a neighborhood watch to help civilians to prevent crime. Community emergency response team (CERT): CERT, or Community Emergency Response Team, is a governmental program in the United States that is designed to allow citizens to sign up to learn the skills they need to be able to assist themselves and their peers in the event of a disaster. The program gives lessons in things such as fire safety, search and rescue, basic medical/first aid skills, etc. Volunteers are also encouraged to actively be a part of the community emergency preparedness planning so that they can be more involved, but also so that they can establish a relationship with the professional emergency