The Association of Medical Superintendents of American Institutions for the Insane, also known as The Superintendents' Association, was organized in Philadelphia in October, 1844 at a meeting of 13 superintendents, making it the first professional medical specialty organization in the U.S. The objectives of the Association were "to communicate their experiences to each other, cooperate in collecting statistical information relating to insanity, and assist each other in improving the treatment of the insane." The name of the organization was changed in 1892 to The American Medico-Psychological Association to allow assistant physicians working in mental hospitals to become members. In 1921, the name was changed to the present American Psychiatric Association. The original thirteen At a meeting in 1844 in Philadelphia, thirteen superintendents and organizers of insane asylums and hospitals formed the Association of Medical Superintendents of American Institutions for the Insane (AMSAII). The group included Thomas Kirkbride, creator of the asylum model which was used throughout the United States. It was chartered to focus "primarily on the administration of hospitals and how that affected the care of patients", as opposed to conducting research or promoting the profession. At the meeting they passed the first proposition of the new organization: "It is the unanimous sense of this convention that the attempt to abandon entirely the use of all means of personal restraint is not sanctioned by the true interests of the insane." The list of the "original thirteen" members and their organizations provide a good index to well-established psychiatric institutions in the U.S. as of 1844. They included: Samuel B. Woodward of Worcester State Hospital, Massachusetts Isaac Ray of the Maine State Hospital for the Insane, Augusta, Maine, and also of Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island Luther V. Bell of the McLean Asylum at Somerville Massachusetts Charles H. Stedman of the Boston Lunatic Asylum John S. Butler of the Boston Lunatic Asylum and also of the Hartford Retreat, Connecticut Amariah Brigham of the Hartford Retreat, and also of the State Lunatic Asylum, Utica New York Pliny Earle of the Bloomingdale Asylum, New York City T.S. Kirkbride of the Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania William M. Awl of the State Hospital at Columbus, Ohio F.T. Stribling of the Western Hospital of Virginia at Staunton Virginia John M. Galt of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum at Williamsburg Virginia Nehemiah Cutter of a private institution in Pepperell Massachusetts Samuel White of a private institution at Hudson