lands ranging from 0 – 106 meters above sea level, but also includes several hills. Approximately 48% of the city's land area is located in coastal regions and is characteristically level with a slope of 0 - 2%. It is bordered by East Kutai Regency in the north and west, Makassar Strait in the east, and Kutai Kartanegara Regency in the south. Soil deposits in the city largely consist of podzol in the interior and alluvium sediments in the coastal region. This makes the city prone to erosion and the use of land for agriculture or development requires prior soil stabilisation. The city is part of the Kutai basin, and is dominated by quartz sand and sandstone formations created by sediment from nearby rivers. Demographics In 2021, the city population had increased by 1.07% compared with the previous year. The sex ratio as of 2021 was 100 females:108 males. As with most Indonesian cities, the population is young, with people in the age range 15 – 64 years accounting for around 70%. The most densely-occupied district in 2021 is North Bontang (2,530 per square kilometre), and the least dense is South Bontang (608 per square kilometre). Economy In 2010, Bontang had the highest municipal GDP (nominal) per capita in Indonesia, amounting to Rp375,407,000 (US$38,306) according to Statistics Indonesia. However, there has been a decreasing trend in income and GDP per capita since 2015 due to the decline of coal mining and LNG production caused by negative economic growth. Fishing and agriculture The fishing industry in Bontang is small, consisting mainly of small-scale fish farming for local consumption in Bontang and nearby cities, such as Balikpapan. A small amount of the catch is exported to Makassar and Hong Kong. Only a small proportion of the land in Bontang is available and/or suitable for farming. As a result, only about 4% of Bontang residents are involved in agriculture. Manufacturing PT Pupuk Kaltim was established in 1977. It is an Indonesian government-owned fertilizer company that manufactures ammonia and urea from the area's natural gas. The company operates four units producing ammonia and five units producing urea, resulting in an annual output of 1,850,000 tons of ammonia and 2,980,000 tons of urea. The ammonia production is exported to countries such as South Korea, Taiwan, the Philippines, and India, as well as being used locally in Indonesia whilst urea is distributed to national rice farmers