which guaranteed minority rights. They also set up the Commission on Nationality Affairs with Oldenburg at its head. However, on October 24 the Bolsheviks staged their coup. Despite his Kadet sympathies, Oldenburg entered into negotiations with Lenin on behalf of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and in 1918 when Oldenburg and six other representatives of the Academy signed an agreement with the Soviet regime, three of these were members of KIPS. References Ethnography Science and technology in Russia Science and technology in the Soviet Union Russian Academy of Sciences