who lost out to incumbent Dan Saltzman but won a seat two years later (utilizing publicly financed election money). The November 2010 elections saw Portlanders rescind their support for this publicly financed election system. Neighborhood government Portland's neighborhood system, the Office of Community and Civic Life, is made up of 94 recognized neighborhood associations and seven neighborhood district coalition offices located throughout the city. These offices provide support and technical assistance to the volunteer-based neighborhood associations, community groups and individual activists. City bureaus and services Emergency services The Portland Police Bureau is the primary policing agency in the city and currently reports to the mayor, while Portland Fire & Rescue is assigned to a separate commissioner (Rene Gonzalez as of 2023). The city also has an office of emergency management planning for mitigation of natural and manmade disasters. Utilities and energy infrastructure Portland Water Bureau manages municipal water services through the city, while the Bureau of Environmental Services (BES) manages sewer and stormwater systems. Waste collection and recycling is managed by the Bureau of Planning and Sustainability, which also runs the Portland Clean Energy Community Benefits Fund investing in renewable energy development. Transportation Public transit within the city is primarily the responsibility of TriMet, not the city government, but the Portland Streetcar and Portland Aerial Tram are exceptions; both are owned by the city. The aerial tram is managed by Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) Education Portland Public Schools operates more than 81 schools and is one of the largest pre-kindergarten through high school districts in the state. As of 2022, Portland also provides tax-payer funded universal preschool, after voters approved a city measure in 2020. Housing, camping and homelessness The city runs a number of bureaus focused on housing, development, and programs to address homelessness. The Portland Housing Bureau manages programs aimed at increasing affordable housing. Joint Office of Homeless Services Since 2016, Multnomah County chair Deborah Kafoury and Portland mayor Ted Wheeler have paired the city and county together to the Joint Office of Homeless Services. In September 2020, frustrated with tents downtown, Mayor Wheeler expressed the intent to withdraw the City of Portland from its partnership with county on JOHS. The intergovernmental agreement between the city and county on the JOHS has an expense of $32.5 million to the Portland City Government and expires in June 2022. Partially using federal funds from the American Rescue Plan