ideology in which the king was a representative of Tishpak developed. The human ruler of the city was described as an ensi, and Tishpak as its lugal. The latter was also referred to with epithets which in earlier periods belonged to Akkadian royal titularies. Beate Pongratz-Leisten compares it to the position of the god Ashur in his city Assur. One of the kings of Eshnunna was named Iquish-Tishpak. Bilalama and Dadusha called themselves "beloved of Tishpak" and most likely placed two statues of himself in his temple. Multiple year names of various rulers of the city mention Tishpak too. According to Marten Stol, Tishpak was generally not worshiped outside the kingdom of Eshnunna. No references to active worship of him are known southern Mesopotamian cities. Personal names with Tishpak as a theophoric names are known from Shaduppum (Tell Harmal), a city which was located within the borders of the kingdom of Eshnunna. Another site other than Eshnunna itself, though most likely affiliated with it, from which personal names with Tishpak as a theophoric element are known from is the Chogha Gavaneh site in western Iran, which in the early second millennium BCE was a predominantly Akkadian settlement. Kamyar Abdi and Gary Beckman note that the locally used calendar shows affinity with that known from sites in the Diyala area, and on this basis link it with Eshnunna. While the number of personal names invoking gods from the Diyala area, especially Tishpak (Ibni-Tishpak, Lipit-Tishpak, Tishpak-Gamil, Tishpak-nasi, Tishpak-iddinam, Warad-Tishpak), is higher in documents from Sippar than from any other place in Babylonia proper, the people bearing them were likely not native inhabitants of the city, but rather individuals who arrived from the kingdom of Eshnunna. There is evidence that Sippar was closely linked to Eshnunna, including economic texts, letters and the existence of greeting formulas invoking Shamash alongside Tishpak, rather than the tutelary god of nearby Babylon, Marduk. Tishpak is also mentioned in a letter addressed by the official Shamash-nasir to the king Zimri-Lim of Mari, relaying an oracle of Terqa's tutelary god Dagan to him. The text was most likely an allegorical representation of Eshnunna’s encroachment of territory within the sphere of influence of Mari, with the mentioned gods - Dagan, Tishpak and the western goddess Ḫanat (whose words were relayed by the god Yakrub-El) - representing respectively Mari, Eshnunna and the Suhum area, which was under the control of Mari,