exotic, fast growing dune vegetation called marram grass to stabilize eroding sand dunes. It was later discovered that this exotic species created very high, steep sand dunes that were increasingly susceptible to New Zealand's high storm energy climate. It also became apparent that the native New Zealand dune vegetation was out-competed by this introduced species which caused issues biologically. At present, there is a large push to eradicate marram grass as it is now classed as a pest species in New Zealand, and coastal managers encourage the planting of the two indigenous species, pingao (Desmoschoenus spiralis) and Spinifex sericeus as these two species create low angle, strong, stable dunes. The management of dune restoration projects includes planting vegetation successfully. Merely scattering and leaving seeds over sandy areas is perceived as a potential waste as strong winds can blow seeds away. Planting of nurseries should be conducted in the hollows of any present sand hills or in depressions of sandy areas. Seeds should be planted in moist conditions and should be lightly covered by a layer of sand and large mature grass individuals should be planted in deep holes with the tops of the plants cut short so as to reduce wind resistance. Planting of sand dune vegetation alone does not entirely restore or protect sand dunes from human impacts. Seedlings need to be protected from human trampling, which is done mainly by fencing off newly planted areas. Fencing also acts as another way of trapping and accumulating sand among the dunes and can also act as protection against strong winds. Figure two shows an area of newly planted vegetation at Spencer Park Beach, New Zealand. It shows that fencing protects plants from trampling and figure three shows how small fencing using chicken wire can encourage plants to grow. In addition to erecting fences to protect sand dune vegetation, the establishment of walkways will protect developed sand dunes from degrading again over time. These walkways provide access to beaches for the public that does not require pedestrians to cross the dunes themselves thus preventing damage. Figure four shows a typical walkway at New Brighton Beach, New Zealand. The walkway itself is built to go over the sand dunes as opposed to straight through them, in order to maintain the continuity and strength of the dunes. The public Because sand dunes and beaches are extremely popular for outdoor recreation, the success of