the Creek Indian War, the Creeks lost 23 million acres of land to the United States in the Treaty of Fort Jackson in 1814. By 1825, a treaty signed by Chief William McIntosh and Georgia Governor Michael Troup saw further losses of all Lower Creek land in Georgia. Although the Treaty of Indian Springs was deemed illegal by President John Quincy Adams, a subsequent negotiation took place and culminated in the Treaty of Washington. By 1827, most of the Muscogee Creek Nation were removed from Georiga entirely. Important Figures Oconostota Oconostota was a Cherokee War Chief who resided in Chota. He led the Cherokee warriors during the Battle of Taliwa. Nancy Ward "Nanyehi" Nanyehi, also known as Nancy Ward, was a teenager who followed her Cherokee warrior husband, Kingfisher, into battle. She chewed on bullets to make them more ragged and participated in the fighting once her husband was killed. She took up arms and rallied the Cherokee, leading a charge towards the Creek and causing them to flee. Due to her actions, Nanyehi was awarded a captured slave and given the title Ghigau, meaning "Beloved Woman" or "War Woman", which is one of the highest honors the Cherokee Nations bestowed upon women. She was allowed to sit on council meetings and make decisions as part of their leadership, later becoming a political leader for the Cherokee. Historical Landmarks and Sites Battle of Taliwa Highway Marker This site has been designated as a Georgia State Historical Landmark. Georgia State Highway 372 passes near it, which is by Ball Ground's downtown railroad crossing. A 1953 highway marker states: BATTLE OF TALIWA Two and one-half miles to the east, near the confluence of Long-Swamp Creek and the Etowah River, is the traditional site of Taliwa, scene of the fiercest and most decisive battle in the long war of the 1740s and 50s between the Cherokee and Creek Indians. There, about 1755, the great Cherokee war chief, Oconostota, led 500 of his warriors to victory over a larger band of Creeks. So complete was the defeat that the Creeks retreated south of the Chattahoochee River, leaving their opponents the region later to become the heart of the ill-fated Cherokee Nation. 028-1 GEORGIA HISTORICAL COMMISSION 1953. Judaculla Rock In Jackson County, North Carolina, a soapstone rock called the Judaculla Rock with petroglyph carvings was found near the Caney Fork Creek. The Judaculla Rock is