depletion due to inhibition of the Sarco/Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA). A23187 upregulates expression of ER stress proteins 2-deoxyglucose dithiothreitol reduces the disulfide bridges of proteins. The denatured proteins accumulated inside the ER. fenretinide and bortezomib (Velcade), each acting via different cellular mechanisms, induce ER stress, leading to apoptosis in melanoma cells. tunicamycin inhibits N-linked glycosylation. Biological inducers Dengue virus induces PERK dependent ER stress as part of virus induced response in infected cells to favor replication. Influenza virus requires endoplasmic reticulum protein 57-kD (ERp57) for replication and apoptosis induction in infected cells. See also Endoplasmic reticulum stress response (ER stress) Mitochondrial unfolded protein response Aggresome PERK inhibitors References Cellular processes