of the surgical margin", often using frozen section), identifying the presence of unsuspected concurrent diseases, and providing information for postoperative treatment, such as adjuvant chemotherapy in the case of cancer. In the determination of surgical margin of a surgical resection, one can use the bread loafing technique, or CCPDMA. A special type of CCPDMA is named after a general surgeon, or the Mohs surgery method. Workflow Gross examination Frozen section Fixation & Embedding Histopathologic examination Ancillary testing The surgical pathology report Direct consultation Subspecialties Many pathologists seek fellowship-level training, or otherwise pursue expertise in a focused area of surgical pathology. Subspecialization is particularly prevalent in the academic setting, where pathologists may specialise in an area of diagnostic surgical pathology that is relevant to their research, but is becoming increasingly prevalent in private practice as well. Subspecialization has a number of benefits, such as allowing for increased experience and skill at interpreting challenging cases, as well as development of a closer working relationship between the pathologist and clinicians within a subspecialty area. Commonly recognized subspecialties of surgical pathology include the following: Bone pathology Cardiac pathology Cytopathology (A board-certifiable subspecialty in the U.S.) Dermatopathology (A board-certifiable subspecialty in the U.S.) Endocrine pathology Gastrointestinal pathology Genitourinary pathology Gynecologic pathology Head and Neck pathology Hematopathology (A board-certifiable subspecialty in the U.S.) Neuropathology (A board-certifiable subspecialty in the U.S. and a recognised specialty in the U.K.) Ophthalmic pathology Pediatric pathology (A board-certifiable subspecialty in the U.S. and a recognised specialty in the U.K.) Pulmonary pathology Renal pathology Soft tissue pathology Breast pathology See also Anatomical pathology Digital pathology and Telepathology List of pathologists History of pathology United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology Notes and references Bibliography External links Johns Hopkins Surgical Pathology Weekly Unknown Case Conference Anatomical pathology