most of the increases are in the downtown area and in corporate industries where employees may not necessarily live inside the city. When downtown is excluded from the statistics, Minneapolis' neighborhood wages are 92.0% of their suburban counterparts. Neighborhoods have gained 5,300 jobs since 1996 but the industry makeup has changed with stable manufacturing and trade jobs losing the most in favor of education, health and service jobs. Though jobs are leaving the city, Minneapolis has a highly educated work force. The share of adults in the labor force was 70.0% and the recorded low unemployment rate was 4.7% in 2002. However, racial and ethnic minorities lag behind White counterparts with 15.0% of African Americans and 13.0% of Hispanics holding bachelor's degrees, compared to 42.0% of European Americans. About 15.8% of families and 21.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 33.1% of those under age 18 and 12.4% of those aged 65 or over. Regionally, the population is continuing to decentralize away from Minneapolis, relocating families and middle to upper income brackets outside the city. Growth in the middle class has been slow with the 2000 median household income at $37,974 and the median family income at $48,602. However, the median household income now stands at $44,478 and the median family income now stands at $59,816. Race and ethnicity As of the 2020 Census, the racial composition was as follows: White: 58.1% Black or African American: 18.9% American Indian: 1.2% Asian: 5.8% Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander: <0.1% Some other race: 0.5% Two or more races: 5.24% Hispanic or Latino (of any race): 10.4% Source: From the 19th century until about 1950, Minneapolis hovered around 99.0% white. As of the 2000 Census, non-Hispanic whites represented 62.5% of Minneapolis's population. Since the 1950s, the city has been diversifying. Immigrants from countries such as Somalia, Ethiopia, Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia have brought Minneapolis a more ethnically diverse population. According to the recent 2006-2008 estimates, non-Hispanic whites now represent 64.2% of Minneapolis's population, up from the 2000 figure. Most major American cities are gaining minorities and losing whites. However, out of the nation's 100 largest cities, Minneapolis is one of seventeen cities in which the trend has halted or even reversed. Blacks settled in the region as early as the late 19th century after the American Civil War when northern cities were seen as havens from the cultural politics of the South.