confronting Nazi racism, what in fact Schlatter did was employ a widespread anti-regime polemic finding currency at the time: the “Nazi as Jew” concept. According to Stephen Haynes, “If a dominant characteristic of interwar religious discourse was its penchant for stigmatizing the Nazi enemy with a ‘Jewish’ stain, then anti-Nazi authors knew instinctively that jewifying National Socialism would strengthen their case with the average German.” (Stephen R. Haynes, “Who Needs Enemies? Jews and Judaism in Anti-Nazi Discourse,” Church History 71, 2002). Schlatter's tract firmly situates him in the anti-Jewish spirit of the period, and on pp. 14–15 his key point was clear: the Jewish priests’ and teachers’ national selfishness (nationalen Eigensucht) was no different from those who knew nothing higher than the racial soul; for both thought in a fashion that was completely Jewish (vollständig jüdisch). The Gestapo certainly sought to confiscate any material that would equate the regime with the Jews. A careful reading within historical context shows that Schlatter's final work Do We Know Jesus? works within this same framework of paralleling Jesus's and the disciples’ struggles with the Jews to the church's struggle with Nazism. (Do We Know Jesus? Daily Insights for the Mind and Soul, trans. Andreas J. Köstenberger and Robert Yarbrough. Grand Rapids: Kregel, 2005. See p. 567 for Schlatter's most direct statement in this matter.) Anders Gerdmar reflects on the complexity of Schlatter's attitude: Although he was undoubtedly anti-National Socialist (he strongly criticised Nazi neo-paganism, racial myth, the cult of the Fuehrer and he never supported the National Socialist party) and despite his positive view of the salvation-historical Judaism, he "indirectly and directly" legitimized "the oppression of Jews. It is beyond our power to judge whether he understood it or not". In 2012, James E. McNutt published his understanding of the manner in which Schlatter's criticism of Nazism functioned in tandem with his views of the Jewish people. Coming to an "objective" understanding of Schlatter's view of the Jews, the Nazi Party and Hitler himself, continues to be discussed and researched by many. Two factors that have not received enough attention in these discussions are: Schlatter was more than 80 years old when the Nazi party took power. He was an old man in the final stages of his life. Despite this, he did what almost none of his more "liberal" colleagues in i.e. Berlin did: he openly criticized the Reich. Although of advanced