and ineffective. Behavior chain analysis is another avenue of functional behavior assessment, which is growing in popularity. In behavior chain analysis, one looks at the progressive changes of behavior as they lead to problem behavior and then attempts to disrupt this sequence. Whereas FBA is concerned mostly with setting-antecedent-behavior-consequence relations, the behavior chain analysis looks at the progression of behavior. For example, a child may fidget at first, then begin to tease others, then start to throw things, and finally hit another student. Behavioral strategies available There are many different behavioral strategies that PBS can use to encourage individuals to change their behavior. Some of these strategies are delivered through the consultation process to teachers. The strong part of functional behavior assessment is that it allows interventions to directly address the function (purpose) of a problem behavior. For example, a child who acts out for attention could receive attention for alternative behavior (contingency management) or the teacher could make an effort to increase the amount of attention throughout the day (satiation). Changes in setting events or antecedents are often preferred by PBS because contingency management often takes more effort. Another tactic especially when dealing with disruptive behavior is to use information from a behavior chain analysis to disrupt the behavioral problem early in the sequence to prevent disruption. Some of the most commonly used approaches are: Modifying the environment or routine, using the three term contingency, particularly antecedents (such as curriculum), behavior, and/or consequences Providing an alternative to the undesired behavior (not the same as a reward; it should be an alternative that is readily available to the person. The thought behind this is that the person may, over time, learn to more independently seek out appropriate options rather than the undesired behavior(s)). Tactical ignoring of the behavior (also called extinction) Distracting the child Positive reinforcement for an appropriate behavior Changing expectations and demands placed upon the child Teaching the child new skills and behaviors Graded extinction and cognitive behavioral therapies (CBTs) such as desensitization Provide sensory based breaks to promote an optimal level of arousal and calming for increased use the replacement/alternative behavior Changing how people around the child react Time-out (child) Medication Behavior management program The main keys to developing a behavior management program include: Identifying the specific behaviors to address Establishing the goal for change and the steps required to achieve it Procedures for recognizing and monitoring