is also used as a separate word meaning 'fifty', but the historical root here is no doubt *tu-)" (Starostin et al. 2003:223). – Blažek (2006) also considers Goguryeo "5" (from ) to be related. 13 Kitan has "6" (Blažek 2006). 14 Middle Korean has "6", which may fit here, but the required loss of initial "is not quite regular" (Starostin et al. 2003:224). 15 The Mongolian forms "may suggest an original proto-form" or "with dissimilation or metathesis in" Proto-Mongolic (Starostin et al. 2003:224). – Kitan has "7". 16 in Early Middle Korean (タリクニ/チリクヒ in the ). 17 "Problematic" (Starostin et al. 2003:224). 18 Compare Goguryeo "10" (Blažek 2006). 19 Manchu "a very big number". 20 Orok "a bundle of 10 squirrels", Nanai "collection, gathering". 21 "Hundred" in names of hundreds. 22 Starostin et al. (2003) suspect this to be a reduplication: "20 + 20". 23 would be expected; Starostin et al. (2003) think that this irregular change from to is due to influence from "2" . 24 From . 25 Also see Tümen. 26 Modern Korean – needs further investigations See also Classification of the Japonic languages Nostratic languages Uralo-Siberian languages Xiongnu Pan-Turanism Turco-Mongol Yeniseian languages Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languages References Works cited Aalto, Pentti. 1955. "On the Altaic initial *p-." Central Asiatic Journal 1, 9–16. Anonymous. 2008. [title missing]. Bulletin of the Society for the Study of the Indigenous Languages of the Americas, 31 March 2008, 264: . Anthony, David W. 2007. The Horse, the Wheel, and Language. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Boller, Anton. 1857. Nachweis, daß das Japanische zum ural-altaischen Stamme gehört. Wien. Clauson, Gerard. 1959. "The case for the Altaic theory examined." Akten des vierundzwanzigsten internationalen Orientalisten-Kongresses, edited by H. Franke. Wiesbaden: Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft, in Komission bei Franz Steiner Verlag. Clauson, Gerard. 1968. "A lexicostatistical appraisal of the Altaic theory." Central Asiatic Journal 13: 1–23. Doerfer, Gerhard. 1973. "Lautgesetze und Zufall: Betrachtungen zum Omnicomparativismus." Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft 10. Doerfer, Gerhard. 1974. "Ist das Japanische mit den altaischen Sprachen verwandt?" Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 114.1. Doerfer, Gerhard. 1985. Mongolica-Tungusica. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz. Georg, Stefan. 1999 / 2000. "Haupt und Glieder der altaischen Hypothese: die Körperteilbezeichnungen im Türkischen, Mongolischen und Tungusischen" ('Head and members of the Altaic hypothesis: The body-part designations in Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic'). Ural-altaische Jahrbücher, neue Folge B 16, 143–182. Lee, Ki-Moon and S. Robert Ramsey. 2011. A History of the