the same character have different meanings. For example, in Cantonese, the character can have the colloquial pronunciation ("inexpensive"), and the literary pronunciation ("flat"). Irish The words píosa and cuid (both meaning "part" or "portion") form an Irish doublet, both from the Proto-Celtic root *kʷesdis. This root became in Gaulish *pettyā, then was borrowed into Late Latin as pettia, Anglo-Norman piece, then Middle English pece, before being borrowed into Middle Irish as pissa, which became modern píosa. In Old Irish, *kʷesdis became cuit, which in modern Irish is cuid. Japanese In Japanese, doublets are most significant in borrowings from Chinese, and are visible as different on'yomi (Sino-Japanese readings) of kanji characters. There have been three major periods of borrowing from Chinese, together with some modern borrowings. These borrowings are from different regions (hence different Chinese varieties) and different periods, and thus the pronunciations have varied, sometimes widely. However, due to consistent Chinese writing, with cognate morphemes represented by the same character, the etymological relation is clear. This is most significant at the level of morphemes, where a given character is pronounced differently in different words, but in some cases the same word was borrowed twice. These have been very valuable to scholars for reconstructing the sounds of Middle Chinese, and understanding how the pronunciations differed between Chinese regions and varied over time. New Indo-Aryan In Hindi and other New Indo-Aryan languages, members of native doublets are identified as either ('became that'), which is ultimately derived from Sanskrit but underwent changes through time, or ('same as that'), which is borrowed directly from literary Sanskrit. For example, Hindi 'tiger' is derived by historical stages () from Sanskrit 'tiger'. Meanwhile, Hindi has also directly borrowed () the Sanskrit word , meaning 'tiger' in a more literary register. Polish Triplets: , , ‘vampire’ (see the etymology of ) ‘piss’ (vulgar), ‘spout’ (informal), ‘pee’ (childish, euphemism; the latter is possibly an irregular diminutive of the former) , , : from German , Dutch , and Latin ; cognate to Italian , English master, mister Spanish As with many languages in Europe, a great deal of borrowing from written Latin – (Latinisms), or (learnèd words) – occurred during the Renaissance and the early modern era. Because Spanish is itself a Romance language already with many native words of Latin ancestry (transmitted orally, so with natural sound changes), the later written borrowing created a number of doublets. Adding