In the examples above, The window was broken, The ship was sunk would clearly indicate causation, though without making it explicit. Romance languages In the Romance languages, many anticausative verbs are formed through a pseudo-reflexive construction, using a clitic pronoun (which is identical to the non-emphatic reflexive pronoun) applied on a transitive verb. For example (in Spanish, using the clitic se): El vidrio se quebró. "The glass shattered." (Infinitive: quebrar + se) Se está hundiendo el barco or El barco se está hundiendo or El barco está hundiéndose. "The boat is sinking." (Verbal periphrasis or compound verb: estar hundiendo + se in different positions, from the Infinitive: hundirse) Another example in French: Les poissons se pêchaient et se vendaient. "Fish were being fished and sold." Slavic languages In the Slavic languages, the use is essentially the same as in the Romance languages. For example (in Serbo-Croatian, using se): Staklo se razbilo. "The glass shattered." In East Slavic languages (such as Russian), the pronoun se becomes postfix sya (or s after a vowel in Russian). Стекло разбилось. (Steklo razbilos'.) "The glass shattered." Речка разливается. (Rechka razlivayetsya.) "The river is flooding." The suffix "sya" has a large number of uses and does not necessarily denote anticausativity (or even intransitivity). However, in most cases it denotes either passive voice or one of the subclasses of reflexivity (anticausativity, reciprocity, etc.) There is a class of verbs (deponent verbs, отложительные глаголы otlozhitel'nye glagoly) which only exist in this reflexive form (the suffix sya can't be removed). These are commonly anticausative or autocausative, and commonly refer to emotions, behavior, or factors outside one's control. Иван надеется поступить в университет. (Ivan nadeyetsya postupit' v universitet.) "Ivan hopes to be admitted to the university." Остановка автобуса оказалась''' рядом с нашей гостиницей. (Ostanovka avtobusa okazalas' ryadom s nashey gostinitsey.) "The bus stop turned out to be near to our hotel." In addition, a verb may be put into an unaccusative/anticausative form by forming an impersonal sentence, with the verb typically either in its past tense neuter form, or in its present tense third person form: Штирлица тянуло на родину. (Shtirlitsa tyanylo na rodinu) "Stirlitz felt himself being drawn to the motherland." Literally, "[It] was dragging Stirlitz to the motherland". Из окна дуло. (Iz okna dulo.) "There was a draft from the window." Literally, "From the window [it] was blowing." Note that the verb has neither agent nor patient, and