functional categories. The major classes of adverbials are adjunct, disjunct and conjunct. Adjunct: referring to information of the action or state in the clause or aspects of things within the real world. Conjunct: contextualizes relationships between text. Provides a connective function. (i.e. furthermore, to begin with, however) Disjunct: conveys a speaker's evaluation of something ( i.e. probably, fortunately) Subjunct: has a subordinate role relative to other clauses in the structure. often referring to viewpoint, focus, or degree adverbials The class of subjunct is usually placed within adjunct class as it is difficult to distinguish between the two. The subcategories for adverbials have more universally used terminology and often refer to the nature of the adverb within each phrase. Most literature focuses on the specific categories of adjunct adverbials. Subcategories for adverbials Adjunct adverbials are the most often discussed class of adverbials, when discussing distribution in English. Complement adverbials are also seen to display similar attributes as adjuncts. Distinguishing between these is a matter of the overt realization of the phrase and is discussed below. The most recognizable subcategories for adjunct adverbials would be.: Time (answers the question 'When?') She will be arriving in a short time. Place (answers the question Where?') She is waiting near the wall. Manner (answers the question 'How?') They are discussing the matter in a civilized way. More possible subcategories of adjunct adverbials are: degree, speaker-oriented, duration, focusing, viewpoint, modality and frequency. Linking Conjunct adverbials, sometimes called linking adverbials, are used to connect clauses together and surface in a clause-initial position in English. On Tuesday there is a big party; however, I wasn't invited. Evaluative Disjunct adverbials, also referred to as modal adverbials, have subcategories which relay a speakers interpretation of what appears lower in the clause. In my opinion, syntax is confusing. Subjunct adverbials are not often discussed as a class of its own in literature. As the distinction of these subcategories as subjunctive depend on the role the adverbial takes within the phrase, a subordinate role, and when not in this structure will be in the adjunct class. Viewpoint Focus Degree Adjuncts vs. complements Adverbials can be adjuncts, complements, conjuncts, or disjuncts. Most commonly, adverbial phrases are either complements or adjuncts. Adjunct adverbial phrases provide additional information and are part of the structure of the clause, but are optional. Complements are elements of an utterance that complete the meaning of the noun or sentence