and used tj. Hence the word for 'grandchild' used to be written as in Malaysia and in Indonesia, until a unified spelling system was introduced in 1972 (known in Indonesia as or the 'Perfected Spelling') which removed most differences between the two varieties: Malay ch and Indonesian tj became c: hence . Indonesia abandoned the spelling dj to conform to the j already in use in Malaysia, while the old Indonesian j for the semivowel was replaced with y as in Malaysia. Likewise, the velar fricative which occurs in many Arabic loanwords, which used to be written 'ch' in Indonesian, became kh in both languages. However, oe was retained in some proper names, such as the name of the former vice-president, Boediono or former minister Mohammad Roem. The ch and dj letter combinations are still encountered in names such as Achmad and Djojo (pronounced as Akhmad and Joyo respectively), although the post-1972 spelling is now favoured. One notable difference in punctuation between the two languages is the use of different decimal marks; Indonesian, influenced by Dutch, uses the decimal comma, whereas Malay, influenced by English, uses the decimal point. Pronunciation Pronunciation also tends to be very different, with East Malaysia, Brunei and East Indonesia pronouncing words in a form called Bahasa Baku, where the words are pronounced as spelled. Moreover, enunciation tends to be clipped, staccato and faster than on the Malay Peninsula, which is spoken at a more languorous pace. Many vowels are pronounced (and were formerly spelt) differently in Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and Sumatra: is pronounced (and was spelt) , as , etc., and many final as tend to be pronounced as schwas; and are also allophones of and in closed final syllables in peninsular Malaysian, Singaporean and Sumatran varieties of Malay. Vocabulary Vocabulary differences Indonesian and Malay both differ in the forms of loanwords used as the Malay Archipelago was divided by long-lasting colonial influences between the Dutch and British as a consequence of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824: Indonesian absorbed primarily Dutch loanwords whereas Malay absorbed primarily English words. Pronunciation of certain loanwords in Standard Malay follows English, while in Indonesian it follows Dutch, for example Malay "" (from English: television) and Indonesian "" (from Dutch: ); the "-syen" and "-si" also prevail in some other words, though "-si" has become more preferred in Malay of late. Malay has also experienced significant conservative pushback as precedent