Lee furnished her "various types of information," which she then passed on to Soviet intelligence, including, in Bentley's words, details on "whether the OSS had spotted any of our people [Communists]" in that organization. As Nazi Germany was retreating, Bentley further testified that Lee identified multiple OSS assets whom he said would cause trouble for postwar Soviet domination of Eastern Europe and the Balkans. Lee also told her, she said, that "something very secret was going on" at Oak Ridge, Tennessee; a reference to the Manhattan Project. Lee, a former Rhodes scholar who attended Oxford University with fellow OSS staffer Donald Niven Wheeler (identified in Venona as the Soviet agent operating in OSS under cover name "Izra"), repeatedly denied Bentley's allegations, under oath, but acknowledged he and his wife knew Bentley as a family friend (albeit under an assumed name) and that he had met her several times while an OSS officer in various locations, as well as with Mary Price (identified in Venona as the Soviet agent operating in the office of columnist Walter Lippmann under the code names "Dir" and "probably" "Arena"), and veteran NKVD rezident Jacob Golos, identified in Venona as Zvuk ("Sound"). Lee said he eventually realized that Bentley held "communistic" views and terminated their relationship, but never reported these meetings as regulations would seem to require. Lee's testimony elicited from HUAC member Rep. John McDowell (R-Penn.) the comment: For the first time "since the conspiracy of Aaron Burr, a high officer of the Army has been accused publicly of the violation of the Articles of War, which he must certainly realize the penalties and the punishment." Lee was in fact never indicted much less convicted of perjury or any other crime despite the accusations of his former handler Elizabeth Bentley. According to Bentley, Lee refused to meet with her in the presence of others while divulging classified information to her and refused to give her any classified documents; there was as a consequence virtually no credible evidence to corroborate Bentley's accusations. Bentley herself was not always an effective witness. Only one of the dozens of Soviet spies she denounced was ever convicted of any crime arising out of her accusations and only a few were even prosecuted. Many freely admitted their espionage in public hearings once the statute of limitations had run out, and most of those she named were independently proved guilty by the