shifts are taken from the (p. 63). (revised Elmar Seebold), (The Etymological Dictionary of the German Language), 24th edition, 2002. (Middle High German Grammar), 23rd ed, Tübingen 1989, 114–22. , The Consonants of German: Synchrony and Diachrony, Milano, Cisalpino, 1979. , Paris, 1997. Robert S. P. Beekes, , Utrecht, 1990. Indo-European linguistics History of the German language Old High German Sound laws