Japanese Surrendered Personnel (JSP) is a designation for captive Japanese soldiers (similar to Disarmed Enemy Forces and Surrendered Enemy Personnel). It was used in particular by the British Army to refer to Japanese forces in Asia which had surrendered after the conclusion of the Second World War. Military and other labour The concept of "Japanese Surrendered Personnel" was developed by the Japanese Government and proposed to the Allies at the conclusion of the Second World War. Imperial Japan's field service code and strong social norms prohibited military personnel, including senior officers, from being taken prisoner. The Allies accepted this proposal, as it was also advantageous to them even though the status lacked a legal basis. JSP were not subject to the Prisoner of War Convention, and had no legal protections. The JSP were used until 1947 for labour purposes, such as road maintenance, recovering corpses for reburial, cleaning, preparing farmland, repairing bombed airfields, and maintaining law and order until the arrival of Allied forces to the region. Allied servicemen are known to have persecuted JSP through forced labour, without rest, in harsh conditions, forcing them to dispose of human waste, and by permitting them only animal feed and sometimes withholding meals. After the war the United Kingdom quickly moved to regain control of its territories in Asia that had been captured by the Japanese, and also worked to ensure that the Dutch and French could regain control of their respective territories. Due to British manpower shortages post-1945, JSP were often pressed into combat service alongside British troops in Asia. Louis Mountbatten took on 35,000 Japanese troops into his command in Indonesia. Retaining their wartime organisation and led by Japanese officers they fought alongside the British, with one Japanese soldier even being recommended for the Distinguished Service Order as early as November 1945. The recommendation was given by General Philip Christison for Japanese battalion commander Major Kido. Other examples of action include the Japanese company led by Captain Yamada had been deployed to Magelang to assist the British forces stationed there; Japanese Kempeitai (military police) used to guard camps in Buitenzorg, Japanese artillery units used for offensives in Bandung, and the Bandoeng garrison that was reinforced by 1,500 armed Japanese. JSP troops saw action in Semarang, Ambarawa, and Magelang. Being aware of the potential questions that would be raised if it was discovered that they were using the same troops they