younger brother Michael. Both served until they were teenagers and had lost their soprano voices. It was naturally assumed that the youngsters were likely to become professional musicians in adulthood and they were trained accordingly. Joseph Haydn was given singing lessons by the tenor Ignaz Finsterbusch and taught violin by the ensemble's bass player, Adam Gegenbauer. He was also taught keyboard. The training did not include serious instruction in musical theory; this was a thirst that Joseph was able to satisfy (by studying Fux and Mattheson) only after he had left the Kapelle. The choirboys were also given a basic ordinary education, including reading, writing, arithmetic, and some Latin. Jones suggests that "Haydn's formal education was rather patchy, perhaps less regular than it had been in [his previous home in] Hainburg." The memoirs dictated by Joseph to biographers in his old age indicate that Reutter's choristers often were underfed, thanks to Reutter's reluctance to spend money on them. Reutter was also not particularly helpful in providing feedback on Haydn's earliest efforts at musical composition. Later career Reutter later advanced to the position of court Kapellmeister, and Empress Maria Theresa gave him the sole management of the court orchestra in 1751. Reutter died in Vienna. Music In addition to the works mentioned above, Reutter wrote a great deal of church music. Jones lists the following: about 80 masses 6 requiems 17 graduals 31 offertories 126 motets 151 psalm settings 53 hymns 48 antiphons 7 responses 20 litanies Reutter is believed to be the author of a setting of the De profundis, KV 93, formerly ascribed to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Oratorios The following oratorios are mentioned in Eitner's Quellen-Lexicon: La morte d'Abele (1727) Metastasio Elia (1728) Leopoldo de Villati, 24 February Bersabea, ovvero il pentimento di David (1729) text by Giovanni Battista Catena La Divina provvidenza in Ismael (1732) Antonio Maria Lucchini Il ritorno di Tobia (1733) text by Giovanni Claudio Pasquini, 5 March 1733 La Betulia liberata (1734) text by Metastasio Gioas re di Giuda (1735) (Joash, King of Judah) text by Metastasio La Maria lebbrosa (1739) Stage works The following stage works are listed in Eitner's Quellen-Lexicon: Archidamia (1727) (1728) (1728) (1728) (1729) (1729) Plotina (1730) (1731) La Pacienza do Socrate (1731) Il tempo e la verita (1731) Alessandro il grande (1732) Zenobia (1732) Ciro in Armenia (1733) Dafne (1734) La Gratitudine di Mitridate (1734) Mitridate e di Ponto (1734)