his prestige in the final decades of the Neo-Elamite period, and that other Elamite gods, especially Humban, continued to be venerated under Achamaenid rule, not necessarily only by Elamites. In Mesopotamia Inshushinak enjoyed a limited recognition in Mesopotamia, generally as a god of the underworld, associated with Ereshkigal. According to the god list An-Anum Inshushinak was the son of Tishpak (and his wife Kulla) and the brother of Ishtaran. All three of these gods, as well as Ninazu and Ningishzida, are part of Frans Wiggermann's proposed grouping of "transtigridian snake gods" existing on the boundary between Elamite and Mesopotamian culture, sharing a connection to judgment, the afterlife and snakes, as well as similar locations of their major cult centers. Some Babylonian sources equated both Inshushinak and Ruhurater, who had a similar role as a divine witness of contracts, with Ninurta. Connections to other deities In some texts Inshushinak appears to form a trinity with two other prominent Elamite deities, Napirisha and Kiririsha. Examples can be found in the inscription of kings Untash-Napirisha (from Chogha Zanbil) and Shilhak-Inshushinak. Lagamar and Ishmekarab were two deities associated with Inshushinak in funerary context. They escorted the dead to Inshushinak's judgment. Lagamar Lagamar or Lagamal (Akkadian: "no mercy") was an underworld deity first recorded in the Ur III period, attested as far west as Mari, and presumably introduced to Elam from Mesopotamia. Some later Mesopotamian god lists equate Lagamar with Nergal. Most sources regard Lagamar as a male deity, though Milad Jahangirfar notes there are some claims that the name belongs to a goddess. Lagamar was regarded as the son of Urash (the tutelary god of Dilbat rather than the earth goddess Urash) in Mesopotamia which casts doubts on the possibility of this deity being female. Ishmekarab Ishmekarab (Akkadian: "he heard the prayer") was a law deity with some underworld-related functions, and also a guardian of oaths. Outside of the underworld context, texts related to oaths also associate Inshushinak with Ishmekarab. Ishmekarab's gender is uncertain. Florence Malbran-Labat refers to Ishmekarab as a goddess, but Wilfred G. Lambert wrote that while it's not impossible that Lagamar and Ishmekarab were a mixed gender pair, it's far from certain and both of them being male is a more likely possibility. In Mesopotamia Ishmekarab was one of the "standing gods" in Ebabbar, a cult site dedicated to Shamash. Gallery References Footnotes Elamite gods Mesopotamian gods Underworld gods Justice deities