The prelude and fugue is a musical form generally consisting of two movements in the same key for solo keyboard. In classical music, the combination of prelude and fugue is one with a long history. Many composers have written works of this kind. The use of this format is generally inspired by Johann Sebastian Bach's two books of preludes and fugues — The Well-Tempered Clavier — completed in 1722 and 1742 respectively. Bach, however, was not the first to compose such a set: Johann Caspar Ferdinand Fischer wrote a 20-key cycle in his 1702 work Ariadne musica. A number of composers wrote sets of pieces covering all 24 major and/or minor keys. Many of these have been sets of 24 preludes and fugues, or 24 preludes. The first movement may be alternatively titled, resulting in a fantasy and fugue, or a toccata and fugue, among others. Works The following works employ, sometimes loosely, the prelude-and-fugue format. Johann Caspar Ferdinand Fischer: Ariadne musica (1702) Johann Sebastian Bach: Prelude (Toccata) and Fugue in E major, BWV 566 (ca. 1705) Prelude and Fugue in A minor, BWV 543 (sometime around 1708–1717) Prelude and Fugue in B minor, BWV 544 Prelude and Fugue in C minor, BWV 546 Prelude and Fugue in E minor, BWV 548 The Well-Tempered Clavier, Books I and II (1722 and 1742) Uncertain (formerly attributed to Johann Sebastian Bach) – Eight Short Preludes and Fugues Felix Mendelssohn: Six Preludes and Fugues Op. 35 (1827/37) Franz Liszt: Fantasy and Fugue on the chorale Ad nos ad salutarem undam (1850) Fantasy and Fugue on the Theme B-A-C-H (1855 rev. 1870) César Franck: Prélude, Choral et Fugue (1884) Max Reger: Introduktion, Passacaglia und Fuge Paul Hindemith: Ludus Tonalis (1942) Leonard Bernstein: Prelude, Fugue, and Riffs (1949) Dmitri Shostakovich: 24 Preludes and Fugues, Op. 87 (1950–51) Composers The composers listed below, who lived and composed in the 19th and 20th centuries, employed this format. Mark Alburger, 12 Topical Preludes and Fugues Algernon Ashton Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco David Cope, 48 Preludes and Fugues David Diamond, 52 Preludes and Fugues Hiroshi Hara Hans Huber Alexander Iakovtchouk Andersen Viana - Sinfonia Amerindia/Prelude and Fugue David Johnson, 12 Preludes and Fugues A. A. Klengel Trygve Madsen, 24 Preludes and Fugues for piano, Op. 101 Henry Martin Felix Mendelssohn Bruce Cameron Munson Frank Tveor Nordensten Camille Saint-Saëns, 3 Preludes and Fugues, Opp. 99 & 109 Vsevolod Zaderatsky, 24 Preludes and