hydrogen station was built in 2004 in Vermont in Burlington, Vermont, partially funded through the United States Department of Energy’s Hydrogen Program. no publicly accessible stations were in operation in Vermont. Oceania Australia In March 2021, the first Australian publicly available hydrogen fuel station opened in Canberra operated by ActewAGL. Delivery methods Hydrogen fueling stations can be divided into off-site stations, where hydrogen is delivered by truck or pipeline, and on-site stations that produce and compress hydrogen for the vehicles. Another off-site concept, by Bioenergy Concept GmbH, which has not been commercialized, involves filling hydrogen in cartridges and transporting them to a filling station, where the empty cartridges are replaced with new ones. It is hoped that this process would save about 33% of energy (Kwh/KgH2) used by conventional transportation. Types of recharging stations Hydrogen highway A hydrogen highway is a chain of hydrogen-equipped filling stations and other infrastructure along a road or highway. Italy and Germany are collaborating to build a hydrogen highway between Mantua in northern Italy and Munich in southern Germany. Home hydrogen fueling station Home hydrogen fueling stations are available to consumers. Solar powered water electrolysing hydrogen home stations are composed of solar cells, power converter, water purifier, electrolyzer, piping, hydrogen purifier, oxygen purifier, compressor, pressure vessels and a hydrogen outlet. Daily refueling capacity The hydrogen refueling stations built by Hyundai Motor Group can typically refuel up to 70 Hyundai Nexo vehicles per day. Disadvantages Pollution 98% of hydrogen is produced by steam methane reforming, which emits carbon dioxide. The bulk of hydrogen is also transported to fueling stations in trucks, so pollution is also emitted in its transportation. Volatility Hydrogen fuel is hazardous because of its low ignition energy, high combustion energy, and because it easily leaks from tanks. Explosions at hydrogen filling stations have been reported. Supply Hydrogen fuelling stations generally receive deliveries by truck from hydrogen suppliers. An interruption at a hydrogen supply facility can shut down multiple hydrogen fuelling stations due to an interruption of the supply of hydrogen. Costs There are far fewer Hydrogen filling stations than gasoline fuel stations, which in the US alone numbered 168,000 in 2004. Replacing the US gasoline infrastructure with hydrogen fuel infrastructure is estimated to cost a half trillion U.S. dollars. A hydrogen fueling station costs between $1 million and $4 million to build. In comparison, BEVs can charge at home or at public chargers.