have a mass scale. However, the masses are small so it is still nearly conformal. The mass due to the conformal anomaly is much greater than quark masses, so it has a much greater effect on the masses of hadrons.) See also Anomaly (physics) Charge (physics) Central charge Anomalous scaling dimension Dimensional transmutation References Polchinski, Joseph (1998). String Theory, Cambridge University Press. A modern textbook. Vol. 1: An introduction to the bosonic string. . Vol. 2: Superstring theory and beyond. . Anomalies (physics) Conformal field theory Quantum chromodynamics Renormalization group String theory