500. The settlement house concept was continued by Dorothy Day's Catholic Worker "hospitality houses" in the 1930s. By 1993 the estimated number of houses dropped to 300 in 80 cities. The American settlement movement sprung out of the-then fashionable philosophy of "scientific philanthropy", a model of social reform that touted the transmission of "proper" [i.e.WASP) values, behavior, and morals to the working classes through charitable but also rigorously didactic programs as a cure to the cycle of poverty. Many settlement workers joined the movement out of a strong conviction that impactful social welfare programs were the only thing that could prevent the pernicious development in the United States of a European-style entrenched social class system. Russia The movement also spread to late imperial Russia, as Stanislav Shatsky and Alexander Zelenko set up a network of educational and social institutions in northern Moscow in 1905, naming it "Settlement" ("", the English word transliterated to Russian). This network of institutions was closed down by the government in 1908, due to alleged socialist activities. Description Today, settlements are still community-focused organizations, providing a range of services including early education, youth guidance and crime intervention, senior programs, and specialized programs for young people who have "aged out" of the foster care system. Since they are staffed by professional employees and students, they no longer require that employees live alongside those they serve. Legacy and impact Settlement houses influenced urban design and architecture in the twentieth century. For example, James Rossant of Conklin + Rossant agreed with Robert E. Simon's social vision and consciously sought to mix economic backgrounds when drawing up the master plan for Reston, Virginia. The New Monastic movement has a similar goal and model. See also Down to the Countryside Movement Gentrification List of active settlement houses List of historical settlement houses Social work Sonoratown, Los Angeles, for description of one of the houses References Further reading Berry, Margarent E. "The Settlement Movement 1886-1986: One Hundred Years on Urban Frontiers", VCU Libraries Social Welfare History Project. Blank, Barbara Trainin. "Settlement Houses: Old Idea in New Form Builds Communities", The New Social Worker, Summer 1998, Vol. 5, No. 3 Hunter, Robert. "The Relation Between Social Settlements and Charity Organization" Journal of Political Economy, vol. 11, no. 1 (Dec. 1902), pp. 75–88. In JSTOR Scotland, Nigel. "Squires in the Slums: Settlements and Missions in Late Victorian England", I. B. Tauris, London, 2007 External