the fleece–near and goose–cure mergers that occur in some non-rhotic dialects before a sounded and which do not involve the lax vowels and . Mergers of and Words with a stressed before intervocalic in Received Pronunciation are treated differently in different varieties of North American English. As shown in the table below, in Canadian English, all of them are pronounced with , as in cord. In the accents of Philadelphia, southern New Jersey, and the Carolinas (and traditionally throughout the whole South), those words are pronounced by some with , as in card and so merge with historic prevocalic in words like starry. In New York City, Long Island, and the nearby parts New Jersey, those words are pronounced with , like in Received Pronunciation. However, the sound is met with hypercorrection of and so still merges with the historic prevocalic in starry. On the other hand, the traditional Eastern New England accents (famously those of Rhode Island and Boston), the words are pronounced with , but is a free vowel because of the cot–caught merger. In that regard, it is the same as Canadian , rather than Received Pronunciation . Most of the rest of the United States (marked "General American" in the table), however, has a distinctive mixed system. Most words are pronounced as in Canada, the five words in the left-hand column are typically pronounced with , and the East Coast regions are apparently slowly moving toward that system. In accents with the horse–hoarse merger, also includes the historic in words such as glory and force. When an accent also features the cot–caught merger, is typically analyzed as to avoid postulating a separate phoneme that occurs only before . Therefore, both cord and glory are considered to contain the phoneme in California, Canada, and elsewhere. Therefore, in accents with the horse–hoarse merger, and are different analyses of the same word cord, and there may be little to no difference in the realization of the vowel. In the varieties of Scottish English with the cot-caught merger, the vowel is pronounced towards the of caught and north. It remains distinct from the of force and goat because of the lack of the horse-hoarse merger. Even in the American East Coast without the split (Boston, New York City, Rhode Island, Philadelphia and some of the coastal South), some of the words in the original short-o class often show influence from