Chicago. Inspired perhaps by the preliminary research in 1935, independently both groups thought to test whether a medically useful differential toxicity between animals and animal tumors existed. The Yale pharmacologists Louis Goodman and Alfred Gilman were the first to conduct a clinical trial, on 27 August 1942, using the agent HN3 (tris(2-chloroethyl)amine) on a patient known as J.D. The next year the Chicago group, led by Leon O. Jacobson, conducted trials with HN2 (chlormethine) which was the only agent in this group to see eventual clinical use. Wartime secrecy prevented any of this ground-breaking work on chemotherapy from being published, but papers were released once wartime secrecy ended, in 1946. Further clinical trials after the war, led by Cornelius P. Rhoads at Memorial Sloan-Kettering, helped establish the medical utility of the drug for Hodgkin's disease and several other lymphomas and leukemia. Chemistry Chlormethine is combustible and becomes explosive under extreme conditions. It can react with metals to form gaseous hydrogen. See also Nitrogen mustards HN1 HN3 References External links British Columbia Cancer Agency profile Amines Organochlorides Nitrogen mustard vesicants Chloroethyl compounds Orphan drugs