products being noted to have the same processor core, even though the instructions sets might not be exactly compatible. Processor families Loongson has built 3 processor families from their architectural cores. These are the: Godson-1, for consumer electronics and embedded applications Godson-2, single core processors for embedded applications and low performance personal computers Godson-3, multi-core processors for higher performance computers, high-performance computing and servers Godson-1 The first Loongson processor, the Godson-1, was designed in 2001, released in 2002, and is a 32-bit CPU running at a clock speed of 266 MHz. It is fabricated with 0.18 micron CMOS process, has 8 KB of data cache, 8 KB of instruction cache and a 64-bit floating-point unit, capable of 200 double-precision MFLOPS. Godson-1 series chips either use the GS132 or GS232 cores. Loongson X is a radiation hardened version of the GS232 core used in the Godson-1. Godson-2 / Loongson 2 The Loongson 2 is a family of MIPS III compatible processors. It adds 64-bit ability to the Loongson architecture. Later Loongson 2 processors migrated to being MIPS64 compatible, due to sharing the GS464 core with the Loongson 3 series. Whilst early 2 series processors were single core, they developed to become multicore. The development plan for the Godson-2 was to develop it from a CPU to a SOC. The 2E (2006) was a CPU, the 2F (2007) integrated the north bridge, the 2G (2008) had a hyper transport link between the CPU/north bridge and an integrated GPU/south bridge, and the 2H (2009) integrated all these functions into a SOC. The design of the 2F was the basis of the GS464 core. The 2G uses a single GS464 core; the 2H uses the GS464V core, as a single-core version of the initial Godson 3B. Godson-3 / Loongson 3 The Loongson 3 family of processors are "...multi-core CPU[s] designed for high performance desktops, servers and clusters". They were designed as the first Loongson processors that had multiple cores. The processors were designed to use LoongISA - i.e. the MIPS64 ISA with additional extensions. The designers also attempted to optimise x86 translation on the chip. Initial versions The first production processor was the Loongson 3A, which used 4 GS464 cores. The 65 nm Loongson 3A1000 is able to run at a clock speed near 1 GHz, with 4 CPU cores (~15 W) first and 8 cores later (40 W). In April 2010, Loongson 3A1000