its former size; it was intensively logged and sold for profit by the plantation settlers for commercial ventures such as shipbuilding, as much of the English forests had been overlogged to total depletion, and the navy was becoming a great power. Several native animal species, such as the wolf, were hunted to extinction during this period. Most of the settler population was urbanized, living in permanent towns or villages. Some of the Irish people continued their traditional practices and culture under the shadow of heavy control and punishments. By the end of the plantation period, almost all of Ireland had become integrated into a market economy. But many of the poorer classes had no access to money, still paying rent in kind or in service. The plantations also introduced a new measurement system to Ireland called the Irish measure or plantation measure which had some residual use even into the 20th century. See also British colonisation of the Americas Down Survey -William Petty's survey of Irish land and population before the Cromwellian Plantations Early Modern Ireland 1536-1691 English colonial empire Protestant Ascendancy References Further reading Robert Dunlop, "The Plantation of Munster, 1584–1589", English Historical Review 3 (1888), 250–269 Sources CANNY, Nicholas P., Making Ireland British 1580–1650, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001 FORD & McCAFFERTY, The Origins of Sectarianism in Early Modern Ireland, Cambridge University Press, 2005 LENNON, Colm, Sixteenth Century Ireland – The Incomplete Conquest, Dublin: Gill & Macmillan. 1994 LENIHAN, Padraig, Confederate Catholics at War, Cork: Cork University Press, 2000 MCCARTHY, Daniel, The Life and Letter book of Florence McCarthy Reagh, Tanist of Carberry, Dublin, 1867 MACCARTHY-MORROGH, Michael, The Munster Plantation – English migration to Southern Ireland 1583–1641, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986 SCOT-WHEELER, James, Cromwell in Ireland, New York, 1999 External links The Munster Plantation and the MacCarthys, 1583-1597 at The Irish Story Ireland Former English colonies Human migration Ireland 16th century in Ireland 17th century in Ireland Tudor England Stuart England