who remain unmarried past the age of 25 are shamed by state media with the label leftover women. In addition, foot binding and arranged marriages have been virtually eradicated. There is also the issue of forced abortions in China, especially for sex selection purposes; authorities have been accused of giving the women virtually no control over their bodies in this area. Traditional norms regarding favoring the grandmother on the father's side persisted until after the Chinese Communist Party's victory in the Chinese Civil War. This traditional preference for the paternal grandmother was reflected in the word referring to the paternal grandmother (zumu) and the maternal grandmother (waizumu, meaning "outside grandmother"). The paternal grandmother would be the one who was expected to live with grandchildren and assist in their care and raising. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, paternal and maternal grandmothers enjoy equal status. See also References Chinese culture Marriage in Chinese culture Gender in Asia Women in China Cultural anthropology Patriarchy