sulcata are considered species of least concern due to their widespread distribution, abundance, and stable populations. Distribution Eleven Parmelia species were recorded for Europe in 2008. Nine occur in the Nordic lichen flora, of which P. saxatilis and P. sulcata are most common and widespread. Species Parmelia adaugescens † Parmelia ambra – extinct; fossilized in Dominican amber Parmelia asiatica – China Parmelia barrenoae – Europe Parmelia cochleata Parmelia discordans – Europe Parmelia encryptata Parmelia ernstiae – Europe Parmelia fertilis Parmelia fraudans Parmelia hygrophila – North America Parmelia hygrophiloides – India Parmelia imbricaria † Parmelia isidiiveteris – extinct; fossilized in Dominican amber Parmelia lambii – Antarctica Parmelia marmariza Parmelia mayi – northeastern North America Parmelia meiophora Parmelia neocaledonica Parmelia neodiscordans Parmelia niitakana Parmelia omphalodes – Europe Parmelia pinnatifida – Europe Parmelia protosignifera – Australia Parmelia pseudoshinanoana Parmelia rojoi – Europe Parmelia saxatilis – Europe Parmelia sectilis Parmelia serrana – Europe Parmelia shinanoana Parmelia skultii – Europe Parmelia squarrosa – Europe Parmelia submontana – Europe Parmelia submutata Parmelia sulcata – Europe Parmelia sulymae References Cited literature Lichen genera Taxa named by Erik Acharius Lecanorales genera Taxa described in 1803