among the poor in Christiania. The grain was intended as a gift from the Swedish king to the Norwegians, but it became a matter of principle for the Norwegian council to avoid the appearance that Norway had a new king until the transition was formalized. Björnstjerna sent several missives threatening to resume hostilities. On 26 September, the Norwegian general in the "northern" region of Norway, Count Carl Jacob Waldemar von Schmettow, vowed in Norwegian newspapers to forcibly resist any further Swedish troop movements into Norway. Easing into a new arrangement In early October, Norwegians again refused to accept a shipment of corn from Bernadotte, and Norwegian merchants instead took up loans to purchase food and other necessities from Denmark. However, by early October, there was emerging support for a union with Sweden. On 7 October an extraordinary session of the Norwegian parliament convened. Delegates from areas occupied by Sweden in Østfold were admitted only after submitting assurances that they had no loyalty to the Swedish authorities. On 10 October Christian Frederick formally abdicated according to the conditions agreed on at Moss and embarked for Denmark. Executive powers were provisionally assigned to the Storting until the necessary amendments to the Constitution were enacted. On 20 October, with one day to spare before the cease-fire expired, the Norwegian parliament voted 72 to 5 to join Sweden in a personal union, but a motion to acknowledge Charles XIII as king of Norway failed to pass. The issue was tabled pending the necessary amendments to the Norwegian constitution. In the following days, the parliament passed several resolutions to assert as much sovereignty as possible within the union. On 1 November they voted 52 to 25 that Norway would not appoint its own consuls, a decision that would have serious consequences in 1905. On 4 November the Storting adopted the constitutional amendments that were required to allow for the union, and unanimously elected Charles XIII as king of Norway, rather than acknowledging him as such. References Further reading Frydenlund, Bård (2014): Spillet om Norge. Det politiske året 1814. Glenthøj, Rasmus and Morten Nordhagen Ottosen (2014): 1814 Krig, nederlag, frihet. Oslo, Spartacus forlag AS. Koht, Halvdan (1910): Unionsprengningen i 1814 i verdenshistorisk sammenheng. Kristiania, Det norske Samlaget Koht, Halvdan (1914): 1814. Norsk dagbok hundre aar efterpaa. Kristiania Linvald, Axel (1962): Christian Frederik og Norge 1814. Oslo, Universitetsforlaget. Nielsen, Yngvar (1905): Norge i 1814. Christiania, J.M. Stenersen