the Georgian nation. Bardos (ancestor of the Aghbanians/Aghuanians/Aghuans) Movkan (ancestors of the Movkans) Lekos ancestors of the "Lek" tribe of the North Caucasus. Heros (Herans) - settled in the eastern part of Ararat Caucas (Kovkases) - settled beyond the Caucasus Range Egros (Egers) - settled between the Black Sea and Likhi Range (Western Georgia) Jewish traditions Togarmah was linked to several medieval Turkic peoples by Jewish traditions. The Khazar ruler Joseph ben Aaron (c. 960) writes in his letters: "You ask us also in your epistle: "Of what people, of what family, and of what tribe are you?" Know that we are descended from Japhet, through his son Togarmah. I have found in the genealogical books of my ancestors that Togarmah had ten sons." He then goes on to enumerate ten names:"The letter of Joseph the king, son of Aaron the king, the Turk-may his creator preserve him to the head of the assembly, Hasdai, the son of Isaac, son of Ezra-about 960" Medieval Sourcebook: The Medieval Jewish Kingdom of the Khazars, 740-1259 These names are reconstructed by Korobkin (1998) Agyor (Orkhon Uyghurs?) Tiros (or scribal error for **Twrq, meaning Turks?) Ouvar (Avars) Ugin (or Uguz: possibly Oghuz Turks) Bisal (Pechenegs?) Tarna (cf. a Tarniach people who fled to the Avars from the Turks) Khazar (Khazars) Zanor (or Janur) Balnod (or Bulgar: Bulgars) Savir (Sabirs) The anonymous Jewish author of the medieval historical chronicle Josippon lists the ten sons of Togarmas in his JosipponNissan, Ephraim (2009) "Medieval Hebrew texts and European river names" Onomàstica 5 p. 188-9 of 187-203 as follows: Kwzar (כוזר) (the Khazars) Pyṣynq (פיצינק) (the Pechenegs) ˀln (אלן) (the Alans) Bwlgr (בולגר) (the Bulgars) Knbynˀ (כנבינא) (Kanbina?) Ṭwrq (טורק) (possibly the Göktürks) Bwz (בוז) (Flusser corrected this to כוז **Kwz for Ghuzz "Oghuzes", east of the Khazars) Zkwk (זכוך) (Zakhukh? or זיכוס **Zykws = Zikhūs, meaning the Northwest Caucasian Zygii?Alemany, Agustí (2000). Sources on the Alans: A Critical Compilation. p. 336) ˀwngr (אוגר) (Ungar; either the Hungarians or the Oghurs/Onogurs) Tolmaṣ (תולמץ) (cf. the Pecheneg tribe Βορο-ταλμάτ < *Boru-Tolmaç mentioned by Byzantine emperor Constantine VII). In an 11th-century Arabic translation of Josippon by a Yemenite Jew: Togorma's tribes are these: al-Khazar (Khazars) al-Bajanāq (Pechenegs) al-Ās-Alān (Alans) al-Bulġar (Bulgars) [...] [...] [...] Khyabars (Kabars? or Sabirs? or scribal error for *Zyḵws, meaning Zygii?) Unjar (Hungarians or Oghurs/Onogurs) Ṭalmīs (cf. the Pecheneg tribe Βορο-ταλμάτ < *Boru-Tolmaç mentioned by Byzantine