and is expected to begin human trials in the United States in 2023. ADAM Contraline, Inc. is developing a vas-occlusive medical device known as ADAM. ADAM is an injectable hydrogel designed specifically for the dynamic environment of the vas deferens. Unlike RISUG and Vasalgel, which require injection in organic solvent, ADAM is aqueous-based. The ADAM hydrogel is inserted through a minimally-invasive, outpatient procedure. The company has made advancements in percutaneous (non-surgical) delivery of vas-occlusive devices using ultrasound guidance. Clinical trials on ADAM began in 2022. Side effects Vas-occlusive contraception methods are expected to have similar side effects to vasectomy, which is generally regarded as a safe and low-risk procedure. See also Male contraceptive References Further reading http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNAAH102.pdf In Debas, H. T. (2015). Essential surgery. Tribhuwan, R. D., & Patil, B. D. (2009). Body image: Human reproduction and birth control : a tribal perspective. New Delhi: Discovery Pub. House. External links Experimental methods of birth control Contraception for males Andrology