sheep and arable farming are more predominant in the Scottish Borders to the east, while dairy farming is traditionally more important in Dumfries and Galloway, although recent years here have seen a move away from cattle grazing towards sheep farming. Several breeds of livestock have originated in the Southern Uplands, including Galloway cattle, Ayrshire dairy cattle and Cheviot sheep. Forestry Large areas of the Southern Uplands are covered with forests such as:- Forest of Ae Mabie Forest Galloway Forest The amount of forested land cover in the western Southern Uplands increased greatly between the 1940s and the 1980s, from 1% to 23%. Transport The Southern Uplands have always formed a major obstacle to travel between the more heavily populated and industrialised Central Belt of Scotland and England to the south. Major roads and railways follow the east coast route and various valley routes radiating northwards from the Carlisle area. Road Several primary roads run through the Southern Uplands, most of which run north–south, with the most notable exception being the A75. The most significant of these roads is the M74 motorway connecting Scotland and England. These roads include A77: From Stranraer towards Kilmarnock shortly after which it becomes the M77 to Glasgow A76: From Dumfries towards Kilmarnock M74/A74(M): From the end of the M6 at the Scottish border near Gretna connecting with the rest of the Scottish motorway network just outside Glasgow. A701: From Dumfries towards Edinburgh via Moffat and the Devil's Beef Tub A7: From Carlisle to Edinburgh via Hawick and Galashiels and the Scottish Borders A68: From Edinburgh via Jedburgh in the Scottish Borders to the English counties of Northumberland and Durham A1: The primary East coast cross border route running from Edinburgh towards Newcastle Upon Tyne and beyond A75: From Gretna through Dumfries and Galloway to Stranraer Rail Five railway lines pass through, or into, the Southern Uplands; all in a roughly north–south direction. These are the: West Coast Main Line linking Glasgow and Edinburgh to the north with and the rest of England to the south with a station in the Southern Uplands at . East Coast Main Line running from Edinburgh to the north via to , Newcastle upon Tyne and the south. –Glasgow line via and numerous other stations. Glasgow––Carlisle line via and numerous other stations. Borders Railway linking Edinburgh and Midlothian to a park-and-ride station at , Scottish Borders, via and . Air