Samuel Bell Waugh (1814 in New Wilmington, Pennsylvania – 1885, in Janesville, Wisconsin) was a 19th-century American portrait, landscape, and moving panorama painter. His portrait subjects included Presidents Abraham Lincoln and Ulysses S. Grant. Biography He was born in 1814 in New Wilmington, Pennsylvania, then part of the Mercer County, Pennsylvania. According to some reports, his father, James Waugh, was a pioneer-settler in New Wilmington where he ran the first general store. Little is known about Samuel's early life and education. It was suggested that he worked in a paint shop in Pittsburgh and also took painting lessons from J. R. Smith, who advertised himself as the "Scenic Artist of the Pittsburgh Theater". He joined his brother John in Toronto in 1833. In 1834, he displayed his paintings at the exhibition of the Society of Artists and Amateurs of Toronto where they were judged "among the very best portraits." In Toronto, he became a friend of already established American painter also hailing from Mercer County, James Bowman. They both started to plan a trip to Rome, Italy, but Bowman changed his mind and instead decided to settle in Detroit, and Waugh remained in Canada relocating to Montreal. He went to Italy in late 1836 or early 1837 staying in Rome and Naples until 1841 or 1842. His portrait of the Danish sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen (1838) buttressed his reputation as an accomplished artist and eased his transition to Philadelphia where he established himself as a leading portrait and landscape painter. Sculptor Thomas Crawford and painter James Edward Freeman might have aided him in this process. In 1849, Waugh debuted in Philadelphia his first Italian moving panorama, Mirror of Italy, or Grand Tour through Italy, which was based on his Italian sketches; it became a success and toured different American cities for six years. His second panorama, Italia, depicting a voyage from Boston to Italy, opened in 1854. On 28 September 1885, Waugh died while visiting his sister in Janesville, Wisconsin. In a eulogy, the National Academy characterized Waugh as one of its "earlier and highly respected members." Family His daughter from first marriage to Sarah Lendenhall, Ida Waugh (1846-1919), was an award-winning figure painter, and her portrait of Dr. Paul J. Sartain received the 1896 Norman W. Dodge prize at the National Academy; she also illustrated children's books written by her step-brother's tutor Amy Ella Blanchard. His second wife, Mary Eliza