The Nissan A series of internal combustion gasoline engines have been used in Datsun, Nissan and Premier brand vehicles. Displacements of this four-stroke engine family ranged from 1.0-liter to 1.5-liter and have been produced from 1967 till 2009. It is a small-displacement four-cylinder straight engine. It uses a lightweight cast iron block and an aluminum cylinder head, with overhead valves actuated by pushrods. The Nissan A engine design is a refined, quiet and durable gasoline engine. It appears to be a modern replacement of the earlier iron-headed Nissan C and Nissan E engines and is of similar dimensions. The 1960s E series was an all-new design from newly acquired Aichi Kokuki, and integrated Nissan's improvements to the BMC B-Series engine design of the 1950s (Nissan was a licensee of Austin Motor Company technology), mainly comprising changing the camshaft from the left side to the right side so removing the intrusion of the pushrods from the porting allowing 8 individual ports instead of 5 originally, and moving the oil pump from the rear of the camshaft to the right side of the block. As production continued, 1974 and newer A-series engines had different block castings, with relocated motor mount bosses. A10: the first A-series engine The A10 is a 1.0-liter (988 cc) engine, released in September 1966 in the 1967 model year Datsun 1000. The A10 featured a three main bearing crankshaft. Bore was 73 mm and stroke was 59 mm (same as the Nissan C engine). With a two-barrel Hitachi carburetor and an 8.5 to 1 compression ratio this engine produced at 6000 rpm and . The Datsun 1000 Coupé, introduced in Sept 1968, was equipped with an uprated A10 engine boasting a free flowing dual outlet exhaust manifold with increased compression, now 9 to 1. With a revised carburetor, this engine produced . Export versions of the A10 as installed in the Datsun 100A produced SAE at 6000 rpm and at 4000 rpm. A belt-driven SOHC version of the A10 was built as the E10 into the early nineties. Applications 1967–1970 Nissan Sunny (B10, B20; Datsun 1000) 1971–1976 Nissan Cherry (E10; Datsun 100A) 1974–1978 Nissan Cherry F-II (F10) 1978–1981 Nissan Pulsar/Cherry (N10) A12 (1200): further refinements The A12 is a engine with a bore, like the previous A10 engine, but with its stroke increased to . With five main bearings on a forged steel crankshaft, the engine is extremely