Process, as depicted in the image of model of thing below. A set of States characterize Object, which can be empty, in a Stateless Object, or non-empty in the case of a Stateful Object. A Stateful Object with s States gives rise to a set of s stateless State-Specific Objects, one for each State. A particular State-Specific Object refers to an object in a specific state. Modelling the concept of State-Specific Object as both an Object and a State enables simplifying the conceptual model by referring to an object and any one or its states by simply specifying Object. OPM model of Thing generic properties OPM model of Thing generic properties, depicts Thing and its Perseverance, Essence, and Affiliation generic properties modelled as attribute refinees of an exhibition-characterization link. Perseverance is the discriminating attribute between Object and Process. In-zooming and out-zooming models Both new-diagram in-zooming and new-diagram out-zooming create a new OPD context from an existing OPD context. New-diagram in-zooming starts with an OPD of relatively less details and adds elaboration or refinement as a descendant OPD that applies to a specific thing in the less detailed OPD. Versions OPM The current version of OPM is ISO/PAS 19450:2015 as specified in Automation Systems and Integration — Object-Process Methodology. The specification in Dori's 2016 book is a superset of ISO/PAS 19450:2015. The previous version of OPM was specified in Dori's 2002 book. OPCAT The current OPCAT version is 4.1. It is available freely from Technion's Enterprise Systems Modeling Laboratory. A previous OPCAT version, 3.1, with fewer capabilities, is also available from the same site. Both are coded in Java. The first OPCAT version, OPCAT 1.X, was written in Visual C++ in 1998. In the beginning of 2016 a team of students under the management of Dori began working on the new generation of OPCAT which will be called OPCloud. As suggested by the name of the software, it will be a cloud-based application, and will enable users to create OPM models using a web-based application. Standardization ISO—the International Organization for Standardization—is an independent, non-governmental international organization with a membership of 162 national standards bodies, which develops voluntary, consensus-based, market relevant International Standards that support innovation and provide solutions to global challenges. These standards provide world-class specifications for products, services and systems, to ensure quality, safety and efficiency. ISO and OPM In June 2008, Richard Martin approached Dov Dori after his presentation