235, he led Shu forces to attack Shu's rival state, Cao Wei, but was defeated and driven back by the Wei general Niu Jin. He lost about 1,000 troops in battle. In Romance of the Three Kingdoms Ma Dai is a character in the 14th-century historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, which romanticises the historical events and figures of the late Eastern Han dynasty and Three Kingdoms period. In the novel, he follows Ma Teng to the capital on a summon from Cao Cao, and survives when Ma Teng and his sons are killed by Cao Cao's men in a trap. He joins his cousin Ma Chao in the Battle of Tong Pass against Cao Cao, and accompanies Ma Chao when the latter is defeated and has to seek refuge under Zhang Lu of Hanzhong. He follows Ma Chao and comes to serve Liu Bei when his cousin defects to Liu Bei's side during the takeover of Yi Province. Ma Dai participates actively in southern campaign against the Nanman and the Northern Expeditions against the rival state of Cao Wei. After Zhuge Liang's death, the Shu general Wei Yan rebels, and Ma Dai pretends to support him but kills him later. In popular culture Ma is sometimes venerated as a door god in Chinese and Taoist temples in Hebei, usually in partnership with Ma Chao. Ma Dai is first introduced as a playable character in the seventh instalment of Koei's Dynasty Warriors video game series. See also Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms References Citations Bibliography Chen, Shou (3rd century). Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi). Fang, Xuanling (648). Book of Jin (Jin Shu). Luo, Guanzhong (14th century). Romance of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguo Yanyi). Chinese gods Deified Chinese people Generals from Shaanxi Generals under Liu Bei Ma Teng and associates Shu Han generals Zhang Lu and associates