Fidra, an uninhabited island in the Firth of Forth in eastern Scotland, has the ruins of an old chapel, dedicated to St. Nicholas, which was used as a lazaretto. During the Nazi occupation of Poland, the German-run Treblinka extermination camp had a pit where new arrivals who were severely ill would be shot; the staff's euphemistic name for this area was the lazaret. As of 2002, one of the few remaining lazarets in Europe are Lazzarettos of Dubrovnik, Croatia. In the United States, the Philadelphia Lazaretto was built in 1799 as a response to the 1793 yellow fever outbreak. The Columbia River Quarantine Station located across the river from Astoria, Oregon, also has a remaining example of a government built lazaretto constructed in 1912 by the US Marine Hospital Service. The lazaretto building is currently a museum dedicated to telling the story of station and its impact on the region. Italy The first lazaret was established by Venice in 1423 on Santa Maria di Nazareth (also called "Nazaretum" or "Lazaretum", today "Lazzaretto Vecchio"), an island in the Venetian Lagoon (). Additionally there is Lazzaretto Nuovo, also in the lagoon. Pope Clement XII commissioned the architect Vanvitelli to design and build the Lazzaretto of Ancona at the south end of the Ancona harbor. The Lazzaretto di Milano in Milan features prominently in Alessandro Manzoni's I promessi sposi. Ireland The Old Gaol at Market Square Roscommon was used as a lazaretto for ten years from 1830 following its use as a Lunatic Asylum, and prior to its use as a commercial and private residence. See also References External links Do Paco, David (2021). "Tempo, Scales and Circulations: The Lazarets in Eighteenth-Century Trieste". Ler Historia (78): 61–84. doi:10.4000/lerhistoria.8054. ISSN 0870–6182. Quarantine facilities Italian inventions