is plausible. To date, about 100 pukao have been documented archaeologically, but only at Ahu with fallen statues or at the source quarry. Source of the Pukao The red-colored topknots were made from reddish scoria, a volcanic rock. The rocks were sourced from a quarry known as Puna Pau, which was located inside the crater of a volcano with the same name, and on its outer lip. After the Pukao were made, they were rolled by hand or on tree logs along an ancient road to the site of the statues. The road was built out of a cement of compressed red scoria dust. Over 70 discarded Pukao have been found along the road and on raised ceremonial platforms. The indents found on the bottom of pukao that reached the statues are not present in those strewn along the path from Puna Pau to the moai, hinting that basic quarrying was done at Puna Pau, as well as moulding the stone into a cylindrical shape easier to transport. Meanwhile, more intricate carvings were made at the site of the moai, immediately prior to the placement of pukao on the statues. See also Rapa Nui people Notes Sources Jared Diamond Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed 2005 Viking Press , 2006 Penguin Grant McCall (1995). "Rapanui (Easter Island)." Pacific Islands Year Book 17th Edition. Fiji Times. Retrieved August 8, 2005. Jo Anne Van Tilburg Easter Island Archaeology, Ecology and Culture 1994 British Museum Press , 1995 Smithsonian Press Easter Island statue project Katherine Routledge. 1919. The Mystery of Easter Island. The story of an expedition. London. "Puna Pau - Pukao." The Pukao of Puna Pau. Web. 20 Feb. 2016. http://www.southamerica.cl/easter-island/puna-pau- pukao.htm External links Splendid Isolation: Art of Easter Island, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Pukao Easter Island Rock art of Oceania Archaeological sites in Easter Island