Central Africa. In afro-Caribbean music, the polyrhythm is mainly seen in the music derived from Cuba and Haiti. Call-and-response invocations Call-and-response invocations refer to a vocal technique where one phrase is sung by a member of the group and then it is answered by another member, who sings a complimentary phrase. This technique was brought to the Caribbean by slaves that came from Western and Central Africa. Call-and-response invocations are used throughout the afro-Caribbean music genre, and particularly in the music derived from Cuba. Cinquillo rhythm The cinquillo is a rhythmic pattern that is used in afro-Caribbean music. This rhythmic cell originated in sub-Saharan Africa and was brought to the Caribbean by enslaved people of Bantu origin. Once arriving in the Caribbean, the cinquillo beat was transformed and refined, in countries such as Haiti and Cuba, to fit the evolving afro-Caribbean music genre. The cinquillo is created by use of percussion instruments such as the claves and güiro. Instruments Drums Drums are an important element of afro-Caribbean music, culture and religion. Drums are used in many Rituals and ceremonies such as the Haitian vodun ceremony. During the slave era, this strong link of drums with culture, religion and solidarity was recognised by white oppressors and drumming was subsequently banned in an attempt to curtail potential rebellions. Congas, bongos, bombo and batá drums are most commonly heard in afro-Caribbean music, however, many other variations of drums are also used including the tumba francesa, palo, yuka and makuta drums. The influence of the drums in afro-Caribbean music is mixed with many popular drum varieties originating in Latin America, Europe and Africa. In most circumstances the roots of these drum types lead back to African origin. A prominent drumming influence from Africa is the use of the hands to create music over a variety of Timbres, unlike in European music, where sticks are favoured to strike the drums. Batá Main article: batá drum Batá drums have an hourglass shape with a drumhead at either end. Traditionally, a batá drum would consist of a wooden base with drumheads made of skin, pulled taut, at each end.Batá drums are available in a variety of sizes, each with a different purpose in creating overall rhythm and sound. Sound is produced by the individual striking the drumheads on each side with their hands. This particular variety of drum originated in Nigeria among the Yoruba people and was