early and therefore potentially unnecessary development of a peripheral piece. 1... Na6, called the Lemming Defence in Unorthodox Chess Openings, develops the knight to an inferior square. 1... h5, the Goldsmith Defence or Pickering Defence. All this move achieves is to waste a tempo and weaken the kingside. It is the reversed version of the Kadas Opening. 1... f6 is known as the Barnes Defence after Thomas Wilson Barnes. This move is clearly inferior, taking away the f6-square from the knight and weakening Black's kingside, although Barnes managed to defeat Paul Morphy with this defence in 1858. 1... f5 is called the Duras Gambit in Unorthodox Chess Openings. This is a pawn sacrifice which gives Black a lead in development after 2.exf5 Nf6, but without much additional compensation for the sacrificed pawn. Another move in this position is 2...Kf7, but after the move 3.Qh5+, Black has to play g6 and totally wreck his kingside. The line was played three times in an exhibition match between Ossip Bernstein and Oldřich Duras. 1... Nh6, the Adams Defence or Wild Bull Defence. It can transpose to the old hippo system. See also Open Game Semi-Open Game List of chess openings References Bibliography Chess openings