earned bonus points by performing difficult skills alone or in combination. Required elements: Routine composition was decided by the gymnast and his or her coaches, however, on every apparatus except vault there was a list of required elements (similar to the EGR in the new Code) that had to be performed during the routine. Examples of required elements included 360 degree turns on balance beam and a backwards salto (somersault) on floor exercise. Base score: The base score was the default Start Value of the routine, provided the gymnast fulfilled all required elements. This changed over the years and tended to lower as the codes went on. For instance, for the 1992-1996 code, a base score of 9.4 was awarded if all of the basic elements were fulfilled. For the 1996-2000 code, the base score was a 9.0. Finally, a base score of 8.8 was awarded for the 2000-2004 Olympic years. Before the new code, the base score again dropped to an 8.6 but this was not adopted for a very long time (only 2005-2006). Start Value: The Start Value (SV) of each routine was determined by adding the base score to the bonus points earned from performing difficult elements and combinations. Ideally, a gymnast wanted to have an SV as close to 10.0 as possible. On vault, every vault was assigned a specific Start Value in the Code. The score was determined by subtracting any deductions for poor form, execution, steps, falls or other infractions from the SV. See also Banned gymnastics skills References External links Federation Internationale de Gymnastique the official website of the FIG. 2013 – 2016 Code of Points - Trampoline Gymnastics at the official website of the International Federation of Gymnastics (FIG) Artistic gymnastics Sports rules and regulations