similar to the botanical names, since they may instead involve "unambiguous common names" of species or genera. Cultivated plant names may also have an extra component, bringing a maximum of four parts: in one part Plantae (the plants) Marchantiophyta (the liverworts) Magnoliopsida (class including the family Magnoliaceae) Liliidae (subclass including the family Liliaceae) Pinophyta (the conifers) Fagaceae (the beech family) Betula (the birch genus) in two parts Acacia subg. Phyllodineae (the wattles) lchemilla subsect. Heliodrosium Berberis thunbergii (Japanese barberry) a species name, i.e., a combination consisting of a genus name and one epithet Syringa 'Charisma' – a cultivar within a genus Hydrangea Lacecap Group – a genus name and Group epithet Lilium Darkest Red Group – a genus name and Group epithet Paphiopedilum Greenteaicecreamandraspberries grex snowdrop 'John Gray' – an unambiguous common name for the genus Galanthus and a cultivar epithet in three parts Calystegia sepium subsp. americana (American hedge bindweed), a combination consisting of a genus name and two epithets Crataegus azarolus var. pontica (a Mediterranean hawthorn) Bellis perennis 'Aucubifolia' – a cultivar Brassica oleracea Gemmifera Group – a species name and Group epithet in four parts Scilla hispanica var. campanulata 'Rose Queen' – a cultivar within a botanical variety apart from cultivars, the name of a plant can never have more than three parts. Components of plant names A botanical name in three parts, i.e., an infraspecific name (a name for a taxon below the rank of species) needs a "connecting term" to indicate rank. In the Calystegia example above, this is "subsp.", for subspecies. In botany there are many ranks below that of species (in zoology there is only one such rank, subspecies, so that this "connecting term" is not used in zoology). A name of a "subdivision of a genus" also needs a connecting term (in the Acacia example above, this is "subg.", subgenus). The connecting term is not part of the name itself. A taxon may be indicated by a listing in more than three parts: "Saxifraga aizoon var. aizoon subvar. brevifolia f. multicaulis subf. surculosa Engl. & Irmsch." but this is a classification, not a formal botanical name. The botanical name is Saxifraga aizoon subf. surculosa Engl. & Irmsch. (ICN Art 24: Ex 1). Generic, specific, and infraspecific botanical names are usually printed in italics. The example set by the ICN is to italicize all botanical names, including those above genus, though the ICN