Bathsheba. Charlton Heston starred in Cecil B. DeMille's The Ten Commandments and Ben-Hur. According to author Diane Apostolos-Cappadona, in the 1950s and 1960s, during the era of the production code, "the most acceptable cinematic path for movies to incorporate sex and violence was the biblical epic". Basing a film on the Bible allowed it to be more risqué than would normally have been accepted. Figures like Eve, Delilah, Jezebel and Judith could all be portrayed as seductive temptresses. In tales such as Sodom and Gomorrah and Samson and Delilah, exotic sins could be lavishly portrayed on screen. In his autobiography, DeMille wrote, "I am sometimes accused of gingering up the Bible with large and lavish infusions of sex and violence. I can only wonder if my accusers have ever read certain parts of the Bible." By the 1950s movies had to compete with television and became more colorful and bigger in story and scope. In 1953, CinemaScope was introduced in The Robe. In 1956 DeMille remade his 1923 film The Ten Commandments. It was the biggest moneymaker of 1956, nominated for seven Academy Awards, and won one for special effects. Professor Drew Casper, a film historian at the University of Southern California, says that by the mid-1960s several epic-style biblical movies flopped, and were partially blamed for the movie industry's financial troubles at that time. Two major studio attempts to make a film of Jesus' life during this period, The Greatest Story Ever Told and King of Kings were both commercial failures. The Greatest Story Ever Told (1965) cost $20 million, and recouped only $1.2 million. With the end of the studio system and the changing social climate, the Bible epic film fell out of favour. Mel Gibson's controversial The Passion of the Christ (2004), an interpretation of the last 12 hours in the life of Jesus, was extremely profitable, grossing $370 million (domestic). Due to dialogue in Hebrew and Aramaic, it was subtitled. It set a record for the highest-grossing independent film of all time. Old Testament/Hebrew Bible It has long been more popular to make films about the Old Testament/Hebrew Bible, than of the New Testament/Christian Bible. Old Testament stories are well suited for epic films. There have been over 100 films based on the Old Testament. These movies were made in great numbers both by Hollywood and the Italian film industry, and many of the biggest films