mediated by NADPH oxidase. In plant immunity, the NADPH oxidase subunits RbohD and RbohF have overlapping functions are expressed in different tissues and at different levels. However, in contrast to animal phagocytes, wherein generated ROS are contained in the sealed phagolysosome, oxidative burst in plants is not contained. Consequently, generated ROS bear additional effects alongside pathogen toxicity. Hydrogen peroxide induces oxidative cross-linking of the plant’s cell wall glycoproteins. This reduces susceptibility to enzymatic degradation by pathogens. Systemic acquired resistance, which is analogous to innate immunity in animals, is also induced in the exposed plant cells. Hydrogen peroxide exposure may also result in hypersensitive response, which is the death of a small number of host cells at the site of infection, for the purpose of limiting pathogenic infection. ROS production in plants can be used as a readout for successful pathogen recognition via a luminol-peroxidase based assay. References External links Immune system Leukocytes