in historical China. According to this interpretation, the book also indicates women should be well-educated so they can better serve their husbands. This interpretation cites translations of passages Ban wrote such as "Even should the husband say he loves something, when the parents-in-law say no, this is called a case of duty leading to disagreement... Nothing is better than obedience which sacrifices personal opinion." A minor revisionist theory states that the book is a guide to teach women how to avoid scandal in youth so they can survive long enough to become a powerful dowager. Modern interpretations of Lessons for Women indicate that it is a founding text of Confucian feminism. One study notes that it establishes a "different concept of agency ... forged out of the powerlessness of individual women, which is familial, communal, indirect, and conferred by others." She taught Empress Deng Sui and members of the court in the royal library, which gained her political influence. The Empress and concubines gave her the title Gifted one and the empress made her a Lady-in-waiting. As the Empress became regent for the infant Emperor Shang of Han, she often sought the advice of Ban Zhao. In gratitude, the Empress gave both Ban Zhao's sons appointments as officials. Ban Zhao was also a librarian at court, supervising the editorial labors of a staff of assistants and training other scholars in her work. In this capacity, she rearranged and enlarged the Biographies of Eminent Women by Liu Xiang. It is possible that she supervised the copying of manuscripts from bamboo slips and silk onto a recently invented material, paper. In 113, Ban Zhao's son Cao Cheng () was appointed an official in Chenliu Commandery. Ban accompanied him to Chenliu and wrote about the journey in Dong Zheng Fu (, which has survived. After her death, her daughter-in-law, née Ding, gathered her works in the three-volume Collected Works of Ban Zhao, but most have been lost. Legacy Ban Zhao crater on Venus is named after her. Ban is one of the polymaths profiled in Waqas Ahmed's 2018 book The Polymath. Family Ban Biao (班彪; 3-54; father) Ban Gu (班固; 32–92; eldest brother) Ban Chao (班超; 32-102; second brother) Ban Xiong (班雄; ?-after 107; Ban Chao's eldest son) Ban Shi (班始; ?-130; Ban Chao's second son) Ban Yong (班勇; ?-after 127; Ban Chao's youngest son) See also Book of Han Pamphile of Epidaurus,