unresolved. Brusatte et al. (2010) was one of the last studies to find a monophyletic Rauisuchia clade. Below is the cladogram from Brusatte et al. (2010): In a more thorough test of archosaurian relationships published in 2011 by Sterling Nesbitt, "rauisuchians" were found to be paraphyletic, with Poposauroidea at the base of the clade Paracrocodylomorpha, and the rest of the "rauisuchians" forming a grade within the clade Loricata. Nesbitt noted that no previous study of "rauisuchian" relationships had ever included a wide variety of supposed "rauisuchians" as well as a large number of non-"rauisuchian" taxa as controls. Fossil record Well-known "rauisuchians" include Ticinosuchus of the Middle Triassic of Switzerland and Northern Italy, Saurosuchus of the Late Triassic (late Carnian) of Argentina, Prestosuchus of the Middle-Late Triassic (late Ladinian-early Carnian) of Brazil, and Postosuchus of the Late Triassic (Norian) of the southwest United States. The first "rauisuchian" known to paleontology was Teratosaurus, a German genus from the Late Triassic (Norian) of Germany. However, Teratosaurus was considered an early theropod dinosaur for much of its history, before it was demonstrated to be non-dinosaurian in the 1980s. The concept of "rauisuchians" as a distinct group of reptiles distantly related to crocodiles was recognized by discoveries in Brazil in the 1940s (particularly Prestosuchus and Rauisuchus) and emphasized further by the description of Ticinosuchus in the 1960s. The oldest known "rauisuchians", in terms of geological age, are probably from the end of the Early Triassic (late Olenekian). Most of these early fossils are fragmentary and dubious remains from Russia, but some are better-described and constrained, such as Xilousuchus, a ctenosauriscid from the Heshanggou Formation of China. Xilousuchus is neither the earliest-branching archosaur nor "rauisuchian" despite its early age, and its presence in the Early Triassic suggests that other archosaur fossils are simply undiscovered from that time. The last known "rauisuchians", excluding their descendants the crocodylomorphs, are from the latter part of the Late Triassic. The shuvosaurid Effigia, from the "siltstone member" of the Chinle Formation in New Mexico, may be as young as the Rhaetian, the last stage of the Triassic. Effigia was recovered from the Coelophysis Quarry of Ghost Ranch. The same site also preserves a large undescribed archosaur, CM 73372, which seemingly represents a transitional form between "rauisuchians" and crocodylomorphs. Indeterminate large paracrocodylomorph material from the Lower Elliot Formation of South Africa may be even younger, late Rhaetian or possibly even lowermost Jurassic.