Several UK companies and agencies use ANPR systems. These include Vehicle and Operator Services Agency (VOSA), Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA) and Transport for London. Other uses ANPR systems may also be used for/by: Section control, to measure average vehicle speed over longer distances Border crossings Automobile repossessions Petrol stations to log when a motorist drives away without paying for their fuel A marketing tool to log patterns of use Targeted advertising, a-la "Minority Report"-style billboards Traffic management systems, which determine traffic flow using the time it takes vehicles to pass two ANPR sites Analyses of travel behaviour (route choice, origin-destination etc.) for transport planning purposes Drive-through customer recognition, to automatically recognize customers based on their license plate and offer them the items they ordered the last time they used the service To assist visitor management systems in recognizing guest vehicles Police and auxiliary police Car parking companies To raise or lower automatic bollards Hotels Enforcing Move over laws for emergency vehicles Automated emissions testing Challenges Circumvention Vehicle owners have used a variety of techniques in an attempt to evade ANPR systems and road-rule enforcement cameras in general. One method increases the reflective properties of the lettering and makes it more likely that the system will be unable to locate the plate or produce a high enough level of contrast to be able to read it. This is typically done by using a plate cover or a spray, though claims regarding the effectiveness of the latter are disputed. In most jurisdictions, the covers are illegal and covered under existing laws, while in most countries there is no law to disallow the use of the sprays. Other users have attempted to smear their license plate with dirt or utilize covers to mask the plate. Novelty frames around Texas license plates were made illegal in Texas on 1 September 2003 by Texas Senate Bill 439 because they caused problems with ANPR devices. That law made it a Class C misdemeanor (punishable by a fine of up to US$200), or Class B (punishable by a fine of up to US$2,000 and 180 days in jail) if it can be proven that the owner did it to deliberately obscure their plates. The law was later clarified in 2007 to allow novelty frames. If an ANPR system cannot read the plate, it can flag the image for attention, with the human operators looking to