an older tradition of using diacritics to represent the shape of the pitch trace (falling and rising-falling ) corresponds to the pronunciation of western Norway. Accent 1 generally occurs in words that were monosyllabic in Old Norse, and accent 2 in words that were polysyllabic. Tonal accents and morphology In many dialects, the accents take on a significant role in marking grammatical categories. Thus, the ending (T1)—en implies determinate form of a masculine monosyllabic noun ( 'boat', , 'car'), whereas (T2)-en denotes either determinate form of a masculine bisyllabic noun or an adjectivised noun/verb ( 'mature'). Similarly, the ending (T1)—a denotes feminine singular determinate monosyllabic nouns ( 'book', 'root') or neuter plural determinate nouns ( 'houses', 'lights'), whereas the ending (T2)—a denotes the preterite of weak verbs ( 'made a mess', 'housed'), and feminine singular determinate bisyllabic nouns ( 'bucket', 'square'). In Eastern Norwegian the tone difference may also be applied to groups of words, with different meaning as a result. for example, means 'grow anew' when pronounced with tone 1 , but 'grow over' when pronounced with tone 2 . In other parts of Norway, this difference is achieved instead by the shift of stress ( vs. ). In compound words In a compound word, the pitch accent is lost on one of the elements of the compound (the one with weaker or secondary stress), but the erstwhile tonic syllable retains the full length (long vowel or geminate consonant) of a stressed syllable. Monosyllabic tonal accents In some dialects of Norwegian, mainly those from Nordmøre and Trøndelag to Lofoten, there may also be tonal opposition in monosyllables, as in ('car') vs. ('axe'). In a few dialects, mainly in and near Nordmøre, the monosyllabic tonal opposition is also represented in final syllables with secondary stress, as well as double tone designated to single syllables of primary stress in polysyllabic words. In practice, this means that one gets minimal pairs like: ('the rooster') vs. ('get him inside'); ('in the well') vs. ('her well'); ('sheriff') vs. ('the sheriff'). Amongst the various views on how to interpret this situation, the most promising one may be that the words displaying these complex tones have an extra mora. This mora may have little or no effect on duration and dynamic stress, but is represented as a tonal dip. Other dialects with tonal opposition in monosyllabic words have done away with vowel length opposition. Thus, the