with permission from Otis, he sent his entire division in a preemptive strike at first light. Brig. Gen. Pio del Pilar's forces fled into the Pasig River where many drowned. The battle of February 5 was fought along a 25 km (16-mile) front and was the biggest and bloodiest of the war. } It involved all or part of 13 American regiments and thousands of Filipinos. American casualties totaled 238, of whom 44 were killed in action or died from wounds. The U.S. Army's official report listed Filipino casualties as 4,000, of whom 700 were killed, but this is guesswork. The Filipinos were shocked when the Americans attacked. They were used to Spanish tactics of retreating into fortified cities after a nighttime raid. MacArthur's attack in the north captured the ridge overlooking Manila. (MacArthur was later promoted to Major General and became Governor-General of the Philippines.) After initial confusion, Brigadier General Thomas M. Anderson's attack in the south captured the village of Pasay and Filipino supplies stored there. The Filipinos were counting on an uprising by the citizens of Manila to divide American forces and interrupt American supply lines. Although some fires were set inside the city, no general uprising occurred since Provost Marshal Brig. Gen. Robert Patterson Hughes' Provost Guard quickly suppressed any disturbances. However, some small units of Philippine soldiers who had not been part of the force that was routed skirmished with the Americans for several days on the outskirts of Manila before being driven out. Order of battle Filipino Philippine Republican Army – General Emilio Aguinaldo Chief-of-Operations: General Antonio Luna U.S. Eighth Army Corps – Major General Elwell S. Otis Provost Marshal: Brigadier General Robert P. Hughes Judge Advocate General: Lieutenant Colonel Enoch Crowder Chief of Engineers: Major James Franklin Bell Memorial While it was previously thought that the shot had been fired on San Juan Bridge, in 1999 was found that it was fired on Silencio Street in Sta. Mesa, Manila. The marker was moved there from the bridge in 2003. See also Campaigns of the Philippine–American War References Bibliography Further reading Battle of Manila (1899) Battle of Manila (1899) Battles of the Philippine–American War History of Manila February 1899 events