help students develop a sense of belonging to the country, an affection for the Chinese people and enhance their sense of national identity." Under the ordinance, Hong Kong's universities, secondary schools and primary schools are required to hold weekly flag-hoisting ceremonies. In October 2022, after St. Francis Xavier's School suspended 3 students, the Education Bureau was criticized for not providing guidelines on punishment if national flag ceremony rules were broken. Putonghua In July 2022, Education Bureau chief Christine Choi Yuk-lin said that the city would soon push students to use Putonghua rather than the local language, Cantonese. Choi said that in the future, all classes should be delivered in Putonghua. British Hong Kong In August 2022, the Education Bureau claimed that Hong Kong was never a British colony, and that the British did not have sovereignty over Hong Kong. Music video In September 2022, the Education Bureau encouraged schools to broadcast a patriotic music video called "On the Young China" and urged teachers, students, and parents to "appreciate" it. Teacher conduct In December 2022, the Education Bureau released a set of guidelines on conduct for teachers, which listed protecting national security, social order, and public interest as a priority. In addition, the guidelines stipulated that teachers should promote national education with a correct understanding of the national security law. English In 1998, schools had to adapt to "biliteracy and trilingualism." Pre-1997, 90% of secondary schools taught most subjects in English, and by 2019, only 30% used English. See also Education in Hong Kong Government of Hong Kong Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority List of Hong Kong government agencies School-Based Management Policy Mother-Tongue teaching in Hong Kong References External links Official website Organisation chart of Hong Kong Government Education in Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong government policy bureaux Ministries established in 1852 1852 establishments in the British Empire