frequently absorbed their conquerors through intermarriage, language and customs. Hence the oppressors of one generation often produced the rebels of a later one. William O'Brothe was appointed Prior of the Augustinian Monastery of St. Tigernacius of Aghamacart by Pope Sixtus IV on 31 March 1481. William is likely to have been the illegitimate son of Philip O'Brothe, Abbot of Kilcooley Abbey, whom Pope Pius II legitimised and instructed to be taken on as a monk at the Abby after his father's death. When Florence Fitzpatrick, 3rd Baron Upper Ossory, the son of the last person to have claim to the kingship of Osraige, was pardoned by Queen Elizabeth I in 1601, his kinsmen, the Brophys and other "old tribesman of Upper Ossory," were also mentioned in the pardon. Ui Broithe was anglicised as O'Broghie in the Patent Rolls of James I in 1603 and 1607. The name appears as Brohy in census of 1659. Their territory comprised the level portion of the barony of Galmoy, in the county of Kilkenny. They were driven from the plain of Magh Sedna into Upper Ossory, after the Norman invasion of Ireland, and their chief settled at Ballybrophy, near Borris-in-Ossory, in Queen's County (now County Laois). At Christmas 1626 Charles I granted his favourite, George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham, Borris-in-Ossory, "Ballybrophy, Grangemore, &c., &c. ; all of which he erected into a manor to be called the Manor of Villiers". Notable individuals with the surname include: Alfred Brophy, American academic Bernie Brophy (1903–1982), Canadian ice hockey player Brigid Brophy, Lady Levey (1929–1995), English writer, philosopher and critic Drew Brophy, American surfboard artist Eamonn Brophy, Scottish footballer Edward Brophy (1895–1960), American character actor Frank Brophy (1900–1930), Canadian ice hockey player Gerard Brophy, South African and British cricketer Greg Brophy, American politician Harry Brophy (born ), English football player and coach Hugh Brophy, Irish football player Jane Brophy (born 1963), British politician Jay Brophy, American football player Jed Brophy, New Zealand actor Kevin Brophy, American actor Niall Brophy (born 1935), Irish and British Lions rugby player Paul Brophy (1937–1986), American firefighter Philip Brophy, Australian artist Sally Brophy (1928–2007), American actress Therese Brophy (born 1976), Irish camogie player See also Brophy, a fictional character in the 1977 comedy film High Anxiety Brophy, a fictional character (minor as police sergeant) in 1944 comedy film with Cary Grant Arsenic and Old Lace References Anglicised Irish-language surnames Surnames of Irish