This is a partial list of works that use metafictional ideas. Metafiction is intentional allusion or reference to a work's fictional nature. It is commonly used for humorous or parodic effect, and has appeared in a wide range of mediums, including writing, film, theatre, and video gaming. Novels, novellas and short stories Pre-20th century works Ludovico Ariosto, Orlando Furioso Jane Austen, Northanger Abbey Jane Austen, Mansfield Park Thomas Carlyle, Sartor Resartus Miguel de Cervantes, Don Quixote Margaret Cavendish, The Blazing World Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales Denis Diderot, Jacques the Fatalist Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling James Hogg, The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner Laurence Sterne, The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman William Makepeace Thackeray, Vanity Fair Machado de Assis, The Posthumous Memoirs of Brás Cubas The Plum in the Golden Vase Cao Xueqin, Dream of the Red Chamber Zhuangzi Ki no Tsurayuki, Tosa Nikki Unknown, Sarashina Nikki H. G. Wells, The War of the Worlds Modern and contemporary works Peter Ackroyd, English Music Richard Adams, The Plague Dogs Rabih Alameddine, I, the Divine Felipe Alfau, Locos: A Comedy of Gestures Martin Amis, Money, London Fields, Time's Arrow, The Information Isaac Asimov, Murder at the ABA Margaret Atwood, The Handmaid's Tale, The Testaments Paul Auster, The New York Trilogy: City of Glass (1985), Ghosts (1986) and The Locked Room (1986) Nicholson Baker, The Mezzanine John Barnes, One for the Morning Glory Julian Barnes, Flaubert's Parrot John Barth, Chimera; Coming Soon!!!; The Floating Opera; The Sot-Weed Factor; Lost in the Funhouse Peter S. Beagle, The Last Unicorn Samuel Beckett, Watt Thomas Bernhard, Wittgenstein's Nephew Roberto Bolaño, The Savage Detectives, 2666 Jorge Luis Borges, "The Garden of Forking Paths"; "Tlön, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius"; "Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote" George Bowering, Burning Water Steven Brust and collaborators, Five Hundred Years After William S. Burroughs, Naked Lunch Michel Butor, Second Thoughts A. S. Byatt, Possession: A Romance James Branch Cabell, The Cream of the Jest Guillermo Cabrera Infante, Tres tristes tigres Italo Calvino, If on a winter's night a traveler Peter Carey, Illywhacker Jonathan Carroll, The Land of Laughs J. M. Coetzee, Slow Man Douglas Cooper, Amnesia, Delirium Julio Cortázar, Hopscotch Douglas Coupland, jPod John Crowley, Little, Big, Novelty, Lord Byron's Novel: The Evening Land, The Solitudes Mark Z. Danielewski, House of Leaves Peter David, Young Justice, Sir Apropos of Nothing Samuel R. Delany,