be transcribed with an obsolete by older sources. In addition, uses both and for . This article transcribes those vowels with . is most often transcribed with , yet this article uses , following . The open back are most often transcribed with , but transcribes them with . This article uses the former set. The short close vowels are transcribed with either or . The short is occasionally transcribed with or a non-IPA symbol instead, whereas is transcribed with an obsolete symbol in some older sources. This article uses . The short mid front vowels are transcribed with either or . This article uses . Accent Norwegian is a stress-accent language, but has elements of pitch accent, with two distinct pitch patterns. They are used to differentiate polysyllabic words with otherwise identical pronunciation. Although difference in spelling occasionally allows the words to be distinguished in the written language (such as ), in most cases the minimal pairs are written alike. For example, in most Norwegian dialects, the word ('pronounce') is pronounced using tone 1 (), while ('pronunciation') uses tone 2 (). There are significant variations in the realization of the pitch accent between dialects. In most of Eastern Norway, including the capital Oslo, the so-called low pitch dialects are spoken. In these dialects, accent 1 uses a low flat pitch in the first syllable, while accent 2 uses a high, sharply falling pitch in the first syllable and a low pitch in the beginning of the second syllable. In both accents, these pitch movements are followed by a rise of intonational nature (phrase accent), the size (and presence) of which signals emphasis/focus and which corresponds in function to the normal accent in languages that lack lexical tone, such as English. That rise culminates in the final syllable of an accentual phrase, while the fall to utterance-final low pitch that is so common in most languages is either very small or absent. On the other hand, in most of western and northern Norway (the so-called high-pitch dialects) accent 1 is falling, while accent 2 is rising in the first syllable and falling in the second syllable or somewhere around the syllable boundary. The two tones can be transcribed on the first vowel as for accent 1 and for accent 2; the modern reading of the IPA tone diacritics (low and falling ) corresponds to the pronunciation of eastern Norway, whereas