with the newly completed dormitories. The bridge was supported by two cantilevers of pre-stressed plywood and was covered with a thin canvas membrane. It was long and feet high, with stairs at each end. Its unique design made the bridge the only one of its kind in the world. The canvas membrane was later determined to be too slippery. Replacement of the Arthur M. Churchill Memorial Bridge arose from the Campus Facilities Master Plan, adopted by the City of Portland in 1990. The initial feasibility study offered six replacement options constructed of wood. Reed College's Canyon Committee selected the option which routed access to the north end of the bridge at the lawn south of Chittick dormitory, following the existing alignment between Chittick, Coleman and Woodbridge dormitories. During the schematic design phase, Zimmer Gunsul Frasca Partnership (now known as ZGF Architects LLP) considered four conceptual structures: concrete, steel beam, steel truss and wood. ZGF recommended concrete to the Canyon Committee as offering the longest lifespan, lowest maintenance costs and the least environmental damage to the canyon during construction. The alignment of the north walkway was amended to continue the existing route between Ackerman, Chittick, Coleman and Sisson dormitories, maintaining direct access to the bridge from the north parking lot. The schematic design process for a concrete bridge was further developed to include accessibility for people with disabilities, walkway alignment and environmental restoration. This design was presented to the Reed campus community in November 1990. By January 1991, a construction budget had been developed with a general contractor. Construction According to the "Schematic Design Submittal" prepared by ZGF, complete removal of the Churchill Memorial Bridge would take place first, including its concrete footings, stairs and walkways. The new bridge would be gently sloping and curved, with a concrete "T" form supported by concrete columns. The bridge's alignment would resemble the Churchill Memorial Bridge, extending from the lawn north of Eliot Hall to the area between Chittick and Sisson dormitories. The bridge would include metal guard rails and handrails with lighting fixtures built into the system. An accessible concrete path would be built from the south end of the bridge to the circular drive located in front of the Vollum College Center. Standard ornamental light fixtures would be installed along this new path along with others north of Eliot Hall. Covered bicycle parking structures would be added between the bridge and the