established in Perry Barr for retired greyhounds. Former stadiums are Hall Green Stadium (1927-2017), Kings Heath Stadium (1927-1971) and Birchfield Ladbroke Stadium (1928-1984). Ice skating Ice Skating Rinks were opened at the Lower Grounds 1 May 1875; at Bingley Hall, 2 October 1875; at Moseley, 6 December 1876; and at Handsworth, 8 October 1877; and, for a time, the amusement was exceedingly popular, more than one fortune accruing from the manufacture of patent and other roller skates. One of the most noteworthy feats on the slippery rinks was the skating of 200 miles in 24 hours by a Mr. F. Betteridge at Bingley Hall, 20 August 1878. Birmingham's last ice rink closed in 2003 and a project began campaigning for a new rink. In the winter of 2005 one of the largest temporary outdoor ice skate rinks in Britain was erected on Centenary Square. Another rink was constructed in the square in the following year. Ludosport (International Light Saber Combat Academy) Ludosport, is an International Lightsaber Combat Academy, teaching light saber combat (inspired by the iconic weapon from the Star Wars movies) as an international competitive sport. Classes started in Birmingham in January 2016 and pupils train on a weekly basis, with local instructors who have trained with the parent organisation in Italy "Ludosport International". They regularly hold introductory "Discovery" Sessions where people can come along to try the sport. The local classes are part of the UK network of Ludosport UK. During the COVID-19 lockdown, all classes and competitions were suspended, but lessons re-started in September 2021 now run by the local franchise Motor racing The city is home to Birmingham Wheels motor sport park which features a short-track oval circuit based and MSA Kart Circuit. The oval circuit stages a number of high-profile stock car and banger race meetings, along with a charity race event every winter for Children in Need. The Grand Prix Karting circuit, where Nigel Mansell famously began his motor sport career remains one of the most testing circuits in the UK. The city also staged the Birmingham Superprix on a number of occasions during the 1980s, a Formula 3000 event which took place on a street circuit in the city centre. Many of the competitors later went on to compete in Formula One, including former Ferrari driver Jean Alesi. Nigel Mansell also lived in Birmingham as a child and into his early adult years.