ʿUkbarā (عكبرا) was a medieval city on the left bank of the Tigris between Samarra and Baghdad. The Tigris has changed course since, and its ruins now lie some distance from the river. Its name may possibly have inspired the "Uqbar" of Borges' short story Tlön, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius. History It was refounded by the Sasanian shah Shapur I under the name of Vuzurg-Shapur (3rd century CE) and settled with Roman captives. According to adh-Dhahabi, the Buwayhid Sultan Jalal ad-Dawla fled there in 1031 to escape a slave revolt. Famous native sons include: the great Islamic grammarian, philologist, and religious scholar Abul-Baqa Al-Ukbari (ca. 1143-1219), author of some 60 works, many of them recently reprinted; Ibn Makula, author of an early dictionary of names, born Sha'ban 5, 421 AH Sheikh al-Mufid two notable early Jewish/Karaite "heresiarchs", leaders of Karaite movements opposed to Anan ben David, Ishmael al-Ukbari and Meshwi al-Ukbari. It is described in many Arabic geographical works, beginning with the famous 9th-century geography of Ibn Khordadhbeh, which mentions it four times, stating that: it was on the postal road from Samarra to Baghdad, nine stages from Samarra and six from Baghdad; it was on the road from Baghdad to Mosul, 9 parasangs from Baghdad (5 from the previous stop, al-Bardan, and 3 from the next, Bahimsha); it was on the westward road from Baghdad, 4 stages from al-Bardan (6 from Baghdad) and 7 from the next stop, Samarra. (The seeming contradiction between points 1 and 3 is found in the text, as provided by http://www.alwaraq.com/ .) However, the tenth-century al-Muqaddasi goes into a little more detail, saying that: وفي وجه سامرا مدينة عكبرا وهي كبيرة عامرة، كثيرة الفواكه جيدة الاعناب سرية And in front of Samarra is the town of Ukbara, which is large and populous, with abundant fruit and good grapes. (p. 42, al-Waraq online edition) The twelfth-century geographer al-Idrisi is briefer, mentioning it twice. The Jewish traveller Benjamin of Tudela (twelfth century) also mentions it, calling it "Okbara, the city which Jeconiah the King built, where there are about 10,000 Jews, and at their head are R. Chanan, R. Jabin and R. Ishmael." The later Yaqut al-Hamawi (thirteenth century) goes into yet more detail, noting two alternate names, the "Arabized" form `Akburah and Buzurj-Sabur بزرج سابور, after the Persian name Vuzurg-Shapur mentioned above, calling it: بليدة من نواحي دُجيل قرب صريفين وأوَانا بينها وبين بغداد عشرة فراسخ،