the novel, in such works as H. G. Wells's "scientific romances" in the beginning of science fiction. In 1825, the fantasy genre developed when the Swedish literary work Frithjof's saga, which was based on the Friðþjófs saga ins frœkna, became successful in England and Germany. It was translated twenty-two times into English, 20 times into German, and into many other European languages, including modern Icelandic in 1866. Their influence on authors such as J. R. R. Tolkien, William Morris and Poul Anderson and on the subsequent modern fantasy genre is considerable. Modern usage of term "romance" usually refer to the romance novel, which is a subgenre that focuses on the relationship and romantic love between two people; these novels must have an "emotionally satisfying and optimistic ending." Despite the popularity of this popular meaning of Romance, other works are still referred to as romances because of their uses of other elements descended from the medieval romance, or from the Romantic movement: larger-than-life heroes and heroines, drama and adventure, marvels that may become fantastic, themes of honor and loyalty, or fairy-tale-like stories and story settings. Shakespeare's later comedies, such as The Tempest or The Winter's Tale are sometimes called his romances. Modern works may differentiate from love-story as romance into different genres, such as planetary romance or Ruritanian romance. Science fiction was, for a time, termed scientific romance, and gaslamp fantasy is sometimes termed gaslight romance. Flannery O'Conner, writing of the use of grotesque in fiction, talked of its use in "the modern romance tradition." See also Examples: Romances of Chrétien de Troyes Queste del Saint Graal Perceforest The Knight in the Panther's Skin Valentine and Orson King Horn The Squire of Low Degree Romance of the Rose Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Guilhem de la Barra by Arnaut Vidal Guillaume de Palerme Le Morte D'Arthur – Sir Thomas Malory Amadís de Gaula – Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo "The Knight's Tale" and "The Wife of Bath's Tale" from Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales Chevalere Assigne Sir Eglamour of Artois Octavian Ipomadon Sir Gawain and the Carle of Carlisle The Knightly Tale of Gologras and Gawain Tirant lo Blanch – Joanot Martorell Amadas Sir Cleges The King of Tars Sir Isumbras Erl of Toulouse Generides Roswall and Lillian Hertig Fredrik av Normandie Orlando Innamorato Orlando Furioso – Ludovico Ariosto Post-medieval interpretations: The Faerie Queene Don Quixote Il palazzo incantato Prince Arthur