a national constitution, Katkov sided with Konstantin Pobedonostsev in urging on Alexander III to heavier punishments and more a reactionary, conservative tone. Though generally temperate in his views, he was extremely incisive and often violent in his modes of expressing them so he made many enemies and sometimes incurred the displeasure of the press censure and the ministers, against which he was more than once protected by Alexander III in consideration of his able advocacy of national interests. He is remembered chiefly as an energetic opponent of Polish national aspirations, of liberalism, of the system of public instruction based on natural science, and of German political influence. In the last capacity, he helped to prepare the way for the Franco-Russian Alliance. After Katkov's death, his place at the helm of the Conservatives was taken by Konstantin Pobedonostsev and Aleksey Suvorin. References Bibliography Fusso, S. (2016). Prelude to a Collaboration: Dostoevsky’s Aesthetic Polemic with Mikhail Katkov. In S. EVDOKIMOVA & V. GOLSTEIN (Eds.), Dostoevsky Beyond Dostoevsky: Science, Religion, Philosophy (pp. 193–212). Academic Studies Press. Fusso, S. (2017). Editing Turgenev, Dostoevsky, and Tolstoy: Mikhail Katkov and the Great Russian Novel (NIU Series in Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies). DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press. Morison, J. D. (1968). Katkov and Panslavism. The Slavonic and East European Review, 46(107), 422–441. Pyziur, E. (1967). Mikhail N. Katkov: Advocate of English Liberalism in Russia, 1856-1863. The Slavonic and East European Review, 45(105), 439–456. Renner, A. (2003). Defining a Russian Nation: Mikhail Katkov and the "Invention" of National Politics. The Slavonic and East European Review, 81(4), 659–682. Vaysman, M. (2021). The Political Self-Conscious: The Russian Novel in the 1860s. In Self-Conscious Realism: Metafiction and the Nineteenth-Century Russian Novel (New edition, pp. 19–30). Modern Humanities Research Association. Citations 1818 births 1887 deaths Journalists from Moscow People from Moskovsky Uyezd Russian people of Georgian descent Privy Councillor (Russian Empire) Politicians of the Russian Empire Journalists from the Russian Empire Male writers from the Russian Empire 19th-century journalists Russian male journalists 19th-century male writers from the Russian Empire Russian duellists Imperial Moscow University alumni Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 2nd class Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 1st class