in incidents of police violence and racial bias no different from their municipal counterparts. These issues have been made evident in the calls to action made by students, activists, and concerned community members alike in response to the murder of George Floyd by Minneapolis police officers. Black student activists at Yale university (which is accredited for creating the first campus police force in the US) have since been advocating for the abolition and defunding of the campus police, citing a 2019 incident in which Yale police officers shot an unarmed Black couple. Calls for the disbandment of campus police forces is not specific to Yale, but is ongoing nationwide. As of 2020, over 85 student unions and groups have made calls to their respective campus administrators to end their associations with university and city police departments. Calls for the disarming, defunding or abolition of campus police continued through 2021. United Kingdom Universities in the United Kingdom do not have police forces. The Universities Act 1825 gives both the universities of Oxford and Cambridge the ability to appoint police constables. Both universities formerly maintained police forces, although Oxford disbanded the Oxford University Police in 2003, with responsibility for university policing transferred to Thames Valley Police. Cambridge formally retains the Cambridge University Constabulary, with officers still holding police powers, but in reality they only perform a security and stewarding role. See also Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies Safety escort service References External links Cops Off Campus Coalition Cops Off Campus Research Project International Association of Campus Law Enforcement Administrators Scholars for Social Justice Statement on Police Violence and Universities University and college police forces