a majority of seats in the National Assembly. After Mwanawasa's death in 2008, presidential elections were held for a candidate to serve the remainder of his five year term. The elections were won by the MMD's Rupiah Banda. The 2011 general elections saw the Patriotic Front (PF) candidate Michael Sata elected president with 42% of the vote, whilst the PF became the largest party in the National Assembly, winning 60 seats. After Sata's death in 2014, another presidential by-election was held in 2015 and won by the PF's Edgar Lungu, who received 48% of the vote. Electoral system The voting age in Zambia is 18. Voters are required to have a National Registration Card and a Voter's Card in order to cast their vote. President Between 1991 and 2016 the President was elected in a single round of voting by the first-past-the-post system. However, prior to the 2016 elections a two-round system was adopted. Until 2016, if a president died in office, a by-election was held to elect a president to serve the remainder of the five-year term; under this system presidential by-elections were held in 2008 and 2015 after two presidents had died in office. However, the 2015 constitutional amendments provided for a vice president who would serve the remainder of the five-year term without the need for a by-election if the president died. National Assembly Of the 164 members of the National Assembly, 156 are elected by the first-past-the-post system in single-member constituencies, with a further eight appointed by the President and a Speaker and one deputy speaker elected from outside the National Assembly. National Assembly candidates must be at least 21. Referendums Since independence in 1964 two national referendum have been held in Zambia. A constitutional referendum in 1969 saw 85% of voters approve amendments to the constitution to remove the need for referendums on certain constitutional amendments. Another constitutional referendum in 2016 a majority of those voting were in favour of the amendments to the bill of rights, but turnout was below the 50% threshold required to validate the results. See also By-elections in Zambia References External links Electoral Commission of Zambia Zambia Adam Carr's Election Archive Elections in Zambia African Elections Database