Many crest factor reduction techniques (CFR) have been proposed for OFDM. The reduction in crest factor results in a system that can either transmit more bits per second with the same hardware, or transmit the same bits per second with lower-power hardware (and therefore lower electricity costs and less expensive hardware), or both. Crest factor reduction methods Various methods for crest factor reduction exist, such as peak windowing, noise shaping, pulse injection and peak cancellation. Applications Electrical engineering — for describing the quality of an AC power waveform Vibration analysis — for estimating the amount of impact wear in a bearing Radio and audio electronics — for estimating the headroom required in a signal chain Music has a widely varying crest factor. Typical values for a processed mix are around 4–8 (which corresponds to of headroom, usually involving audio level compression), and 8–10 for an unprocessed recording Physiology — for analysing the sound of snoring See also Clipping (signal processing) Form factor (electronics) References General External links Definition of peak-to-average ratio – ATIS (Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions) Telecom Glossary 2K Definition of crest factor – ATIS (Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions) Telecom Glossary 2K Peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of OFDM systems - tutorial Waveforms