Football Club Torpedo Moscow (, FK Torpedo Moskva), known as Torpedo Moscow, is a Russian professional football club based in Moscow that was founded in 1924 and returned to the Russian Premier League, the top tier of Russian football, for the 2022–23 season. Their colours are white and black, with green also commonly being associated with the club. They play their home games at Eduard Streltsov Stadium, but have been playing at Luzhniki Stadium since their home stadium began a reconstruction project in 2021. The new stadium is designed by the architects Michel REMON and Alexis PEYER from the French office MR&A. Torpedo are historically one of the big Moscow clubs who enjoyed great domestic success during the Soviet era. In recent history, however, the club has suffered from financial troubles and poor management which has seen them drop down the divisions. A top flight club since 1938, Torpedo were relegated for the first time in their history following the 2006 Russian Premier League season and have only played one campaign in the top division since, in 2014–15, spending the other seasons bouncing around between the second and third tiers. In the 2021–22 season, the club won their first FNL title, and returned to the Russian Premier League. History Name history AMO (1930–1932) – owned by Avtomobilnoe Moskovskoe Obshchestvo (AMO). ZIS (1933–1936) – after owner's name AMO was changed to Zavod Imeni Stalina (ZIS). Torpedo Moscow (1936–July 1996) – when they became one of the founding members of the Soviet 'B' League. Torpedo-Luzhniki (August 1996 – 1998) – as they became property of the Luzhniki corporation. Torpedo Moscow (1998–present) Club history Torpedo Moscow Football Club (based on Proletarskaya Kuznitsa teams) was formed in 1924 by the AMO automotive plant (later known as "Stalin Automotive Plant – ZIS" and later "Likhachev Automotive Plant – ZIL"). They played in the Moscow League until 1936 when they became one of the founder members of the Soviet 'B' League and changed their name to Torpedo Moscow. In 1938, they were promoted to the 'A' League. In 1949, Torpedo won their first professional title, the USSR Cup. In 1957 Torpedo Moscow, as well as other Soviet sport clubs named "Torpedo", became a part of the republican VSS Trud of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. Nicknamed "the Black-Whites," Torpedo has not been a major force in Russian football since the days of Eduard Streltsov, the