packages, OPNET and Tetcos NetSim, also have emulation modules for real-time device connectivity. In general simulation tools with emulation capabilities provide more sophistication than emulation devices. Emulation devices only provide for emulation of the physical link and do not factor in the effects of the higher layers (MAC, network, transport, etc.). Simulation tools however model effects from different layers of the network stack when running in emulation mode. They would allow for connecting multiple sources/destinations, routers, base stations, MANET protocols, etc. Traffic generation software The network performance under maximum throughput conditions can be analyzed by network traffic measurement in a testbed network, using a network traffic generator such as iperf. The traffic generator sends dummy packets, often with a unique packet identifier, making it possible to keep track of the packet delivery in the network using a network analyzer. See also Network simulator Network traffic simulation Traffic generation model Further reading External links EMANE - US Navy NetSim - Network simulation/emulation tool Network architecture