a particular item of content within the frameset The implementation of frames is inconsistent across different browsers Browsers which render material linearly do not handle frames well. Screen reader programs text or audio browsers Email browsers such as Agora Mobile browsers Framing complicates web indexing and can be detrimental to search engine optimization. Framing confuses the boundaries between content on different servers, which raises issues of copyright infringement Visitors arriving from search engines may land on a page intended for display in a frame, resulting in the visitor having no way to navigate to the rest of the site Frames change the behavior of the back button. Users usually do not expect browsers to print frames the way they do. External links on web pages which use frames may cause other pages to appear in the frameset, since the default behaviour for a link is to load in the current frame if the author does not specify otherwise. This could be used by unscrupulous webmasters to make it appear as though content from another site was actually part of the site hosting the frameset. If the screen resolution or browser window size is too low then each frame will have scroll bars which can look messy and uses up already limited space. Such behaviour typically resulted more from bad site design (fixed layouts instead of fluid layouts), whereby not all frameset features were put into proper use.This behaviour could be mitigated by: disabling scrolling for smaller frames that typically did not require a scrollbar; using fluid design characteristics in target pages instead of fixed designs, so that the content would not cause horizontal scrollbars in the first place. Alternatives As web technology developed, many of the purposes for which frames were used became possible in ways that avoided the problems identified with frames. Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) allowed elements of a page to be scrolled independently (using the overflow property) or held on screen while other content is scrolled (using position:fixed) Server-Side Includes allowed shared content to be edited once and automatically delivered to the client as part of a finished page; as server CPU and connection speeds increased, the extra work required to do this on the fly became a lesser consideration. CGI and web-oriented scripting languages and web development frameworks such as PHP and Active Server Pages, as well as database-backed Content Management Systems such as WordPress, provided