the mayor and 64 elected city councillors, including borough mayors. Unlike most Canadian cities, the city of Montreal has political parties; however, these are not chapters of any federal or provincial political parties, but are standalone entities at the municipal level. Each borough is divided into between two and five districts, and has a different system of representation depending on its population. Each borough also has a five-member borough council, consisting of the borough mayor, any city councillors, and in certain boroughs additional borough councillors, as follows: Party standings The most recent election was the 2021 Montreal municipal election, in which Valérie Plante's Projet Montréal won 37 out of 65 available seats. Changes since 5 November 2017 election 20 November 2017: Jean-François Parenteau, borough mayor of Verdun, leaves Équipe Denis Coderre to sit as an independent, upon taking a position on the executive council. 11 January 2018: Équipe Denis Coderre takes on the name Ensemble Montréal. 26 April 2018: Hadrien Parizeau, city councillor for the district of Saint-Sulpice, is expelled from Ensemble Montréal and sits as an independent. 3 August 2018: Villeray–Saint-Michel–Parc-Extension borough mayor Giuliana Fumagalli is expelled from Projet Montréal and sits as an independent. 17 August 2018: Renée-Chantal Belinga, borough councillor for the district of Ovide-Clermont, leaves Ensemble Montréal and sits as an independent. 1 October 2018: Chantal Rouleau, borough mayor of Rivière-des-Prairies–Pointe-aux-Trembles, and Frantz Benjamin, city councillor for the district of Saint-Michel, leave the city council upon being elected to the National Assembly of Quebec. 12 October 2018: Giovanni Rapanà, city councillor for the district of Rivière-des-Prairies, leaves Ensemble Montréal to sit as an independent. 20 October 2018: Marie-Josée Parent, city councillor for the district of Champlain–L'Île-des-Sœurs, leaves Ensemble Montréal to join Projet Montréal. 16 December 2018: In two by-elections, Caroline Bourgeois of Projet Montréal is elected borough mayor of Rivière-des-Prairies–Pointe-aux-Trembles, and Josué Corvil of Ensemble Montréal is elected city councillor for Saint-Michel. 11 January 2019: Marvin Rotrand, city councillor for Snowdon, the only member of Coalition Montréal on the council, announces that he will sit as an independent. 27 March 2019: Lynne Shand, borough councillor for the district of Anjou West, is expelled from Équipe Anjou and sits as an independent. 9 April 2019: Cathy Wong, speaker of the city council and city councillor for the district of Peter-McGill, leaves Ensemble Montréal and sits as an independent. 14 May 2019: Luc Ferrandez, borough mayor of Le