would seat 25 Republicans and thirteen Democrats. This region had the closest commercial and social ties to the South due to its sea-going commerce and trans-shipping cotton to local textile plants and for export. Border North Illinois — Indiana — Michigan — Ohio — Pennsylvania — Wisconsin The 73 seats in this region were split 50 Republican, 23 Democratic. Illinois is the only state here with more Democrats than Republicans. These are free-soil states, north of the Mason–Dixon line. These states had either abolished slavery, or Congress had forbidden it in their Territory, and they had forbidden it at the beginning of their statehood. Border South and Middle South Delaware — Kentucky — Maryland — Missouri — Tennessee — Virginia Of the 47 Representatives in these six states, 24 are Union Party, 1 Constitutional Union, 6 Democratic,– would be vacant in Virginia and Tennessee. These were "slaveholding" states, all south of the Mason–Dixon line. The border south states had less than 2% to more than 19% of their 1860 population held as slaves, with an average of 13%; middle south states ranged from 25-33% slaves, with an average of 29%. (Deep South 43-57%, except Texas, with 30%.) Eight seats in Virginia and seven seats in Tennessee represented large numbers of citizens resisting the Lincoln administration of the United States government during the Civil War. They were declared vacant in 37th Congress documents. Trans-Mississippi West California — Iowa — Kansas — Minnesota — Oregon — Non-voting members West of the Mississippi, there were 16 Representatives from states, and 9 Delegates from territories. The states elected nine Republicans and one Democrat. The Territories elected four Republicans, one Democrat and two Independents. When California entered the Union, it broke the free soil - slave state tie in the Senate. Minnesota, and Oregon followed as free-soil states. Once Congress was depleted of the secessionist Democrats, the lame-duck 36th Congress admitted Kansas as a free state in January 1861, in time for it to send a Representative to the 37th Congress in March. The Republican Congress elected in 1860 began funding the transcontinental railroad, in July 1862. Nevada was admitted before the end of the Civil War in the next, 38th, Congress. Vacant state delegations Alabama — Arkansas — Florida — Georgia — Louisiana — Mississippi — North Carolina — South Carolina — Texas Forty-three seats represented large numbers of citizens in nine states resisting