clause is incorporated into federal funding agreements through a number of contracting instruments, including grants made to universities and contracts made with for-profit companies. The Department of Commerce has delegated to the National Institute of Standards and Technology to promulgate implementing regulations for Bayh–Dole. Under the standard patent rights clause, small businesses and non-profit organizations, if they obtain title by assignment to "subject inventions," can retain that title by complying with certain formalities. No small business or nonprofit organization, however, is required to obtain ownership of such inventions. All organizations agree to do the following: Include the patent rights clause in any subcontracts; Report subject inventions to the sponsoring agency; Elect in writing whether or not to retain title; Conduct a program of education for employees regarding the importance of timely disclosure; and Require certain employees to make a written agreement to protect the government's interest in subject inventions. If a contractor does not obtain title to an invention made in federally funded work, then under Bayh–Dole's definitions, as interpreted by the U.S. Supreme Court in Stanford v Roche (2011), it cannot be a subject invention. If an organization does not elect to retain title to a subject invention that it has acquired, then the Federal agency may request title. The agency may waive its right to take title to the invention, and allow the inventors to retain title to their inventions. If an organization elects to retain title to a subject invention for which it has obtained assignment, the organization is obligated to do the following: Grant to the government a nonexclusive, nontransferable, irrevocable, paid-up license to practice or have practiced for or on behalf of the United States the subject invention throughout the world; File its initial patent application within one year after its election to retain title; Notify the government if it will not continue prosecution of an application or will let a patent lapse; Convey to the Federal agency, upon written request, title to any subject invention if the organization fails to file, does not continue a prosecution, or will allow a patent to lapse; In each patent include a statement that identifies the contract under which the invention was made and notice of the government's rights in the invention; Report on the utilization of subject inventions; Require in exclusive licenses to use or sell in the United States that products will be manufactured substantially in