premises subject to it, for a period of twenty-one years. Ground rents were formerly irredeemable after a certain time, but the creation of irredeemable ground rents is now forbidden (Pennsylvania Act 7 Assembly, 22 April 1850). Virginia The Commonwealth of Virginia permits residential ground rents, which are defined by statute: (The obligor is the party obliged to pay, and the obligee the party entitled to receive, the ground rent.) The amount of a ground rent may be changed by either party once every five years, but, unless the parties agree otherwise, the amount of such a change may be no greater than the percentage change in the Consumer Price Index (or other standard prescribed by statute) during the previous three years. A ground rent constitutes a lien against the real estate. The terms of the ground rent agreement may be incorporated into the deed or other instrument of transfer, according to a statutory form. References External links UK Rentcharges Act 1977 at propertylawuk.net The Leasehold Advisory Service UK: Service charges and other issues Help with Services Charges, Administration Fees and Ground Rent "Ground Rents - An explanation" from LandlordZONE Special Baltimore Sun Series on Ground Rent and Changes Prompted by the Series in Baltimore City Apportioning ground rents on leasehold houses Leasehold Reform Act 1967 Leasehold Reform, Housing and Urban Development Act 1993 Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002 Leasing Real property law Land tenure