and publications (mainly dissertations and habilitations). Research Programmes and Centres of Competence in Research The National Research Programmes (NRP) and National Centres of Competence in Research (NCCR) are the most important research programmes of the SNSF. Mandated by the Federal Council, NRPs generate scientific knowledge aimed at solving pressing problems. They generally run for up to five years and have an overall budget of eight to twelve million Swiss francs. Since 1975, the SNSF has launched over 69 NRPs. NCCRs aim to strengthen research structures in Switzerland. Each NCCR is based at an institution of higher education and consists of a centre of competence as well as a national and international network. NCCRs benefit from SNSF funding of 20 to 60 million Swiss francs over a period of ten to twelve years, as well as university and third party funding. National Centres of Competence in Research (NCCR) Completed: NCCR Finrisk. NCCR (IM)2 - National Centres of Competence in Research Interactive Multimodal Information Management. NCCR COME NCCR MICS NCCR Molecular oncology NCCR Genetics NCCR Structural biology NCCR Neuro NCCR Quantum photonics NCCR Nanoscale science - Swiss Nanoscience Institute. NCCR MaNEP - National Centres of Competence in Research Material with Novel Electronic Properties. NCCR North-South NCCR Plant Survival NCCR Climate NCCR Sesam Ongoing: National Centres of Competence in Research Trade Regulation - comprises 12 trade-related IP topics, seeks to aid regulators in promoting coherence within a fragmented system of international trade regulations, and is directed by Manfred Elsig, of the University of Bern. NCCR Affective Sciences NCCR Chemical Biology NCCR Democracy NCCR Iconic Criticism NCCR Kidney.CH NCCR LIVES NCCR Mediality NCCR MUST NCCR QSIT NCCR Robotics NCCR SYNAPSY NCCR Trade Regulation NCCR TransCure NCCR Bio-Inspired Materials NCCR Digital Fabrication NCCR MARVEL NCCR MSE NCCR On the Move NCCR PlanetS NCCR RNA & Disease NCCR SwissMAP Research magazine Horizons The research magazine Horizons (German title: Horizonte, French title: Horizons) is a joint publication of the Swiss National Science Foundation and the Swiss Academies of Arts and Sciences (it was edited by the SNSF alone before 2012). In four quarterly editions, it reports on the latest results and insights from all research disciplines: from biology, medicine, natural sciences and mathematics to social and cultural sciences. The magazine addresses a broad public interested in research issues and is available as a free subscription (as well as freely accessible on-line). Horizons has been available in English