and Sciences and of the American Philosophical Society for which he served as president. Philosophical views Hempel never embraced the term "logical positivism" as an accurate description of the Vienna Circle and Berlin Group, preferring to describe those philosophers, including himself, as "logical empiricists." He believed that the term "positivism," with its roots in the materialism of Auguste Comte, implied a metaphysics that empiricists were not obliged to embrace. He regarded Ludwig Wittgenstein as a philosopher with a genius for stating philosophical insights in striking and memorable language, but believed that he, or at least the Wittgenstein of the Tractatus, made claims that could only be supported by recourse to metaphysics. To Hempel, metaphysics involved claims to know things which were not knowable; that is, metaphysical hypotheses were incapable of confirmation or disconfirmation by evidence. Hempel is also credited with the revival of the Deductive-nomological model of explanation in the 1940's with the publication of "The function of general laws in history". Legacy In 2005, the City of Oranienburg, Hempel's birthplace, renamed one of its streets "Carl-Gustav-Hempel-Straße" in his memory. Bibliography Principal works 1936: "Über den Gehalt von Wahrscheinlichkeitsaussagen" and, with Paul Oppenheim, "Der Typusbegriff im Licht der neuen Logik" 1942: "The Function of General Laws in History" 1943: "Studies in the Logic of Confirmation" 1959: "The Logic of Functional Analysis" 1965: Aspects of Scientific Explanation 1966: Philosophy of Natural Science Essay collections Aspects of Scientific Explanation and Other Essays (1965), . Selected Philosophical Essays (2000), . The Philosophy of Carl G. Hempel: Studies in Science, Explanation, and Rationality (2001), . Articles ″On the Nature of Mathematical Truth" and ″Geometry and Empirical Science″ (1945), American Mathematical Monthly, issue 52. Articles in Readings in Philosophical Analysis (pp. 222–249), edited by Herbert Feigl and Wilfrid Sellars (Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc., 1949). References Further reading Holt, Jim, "Positive Thinking" (review of Karl Sigmund, Exact Thinking in Demented Times: The Vienna Circle and the Epic Quest for the Foundations of Science, Basic Books, 449 pp.), The New York Review of Books, vol. LXIV, no. 20 (21 December 2017), pp. 74–76. External links Carl Gustav Hempel at the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. "Problems and Changes in the Empiricist Criterion of Meaning" by Carl G. Hempel Obituary by the Princeton University Office of Communications. Carl Gustav Hempel Papers, 1903-1997, ASP.1999.01 at the Archives of Scientific Philosophy, Special Collections Department, University of Pittsburgh. Obituary in the New York Times.