governor of Qus in December 1365. In 1366, the Banu Kanz attacked Aswan and in 1370 they attacked and burned the city again. They were defeated in a military expedition by Ibn Hassan, the governor of Aswan, in 1378. During the reign of Sultan Barquq, the latter dispatched the Berber tribesmen of the Hawwara confederation to Upper Egypt and the frontier region to counter the Banu Kanz. The Hawwara gradually replaced the Banu Kanz as the dominant force in the region. The modern tribal descendants of the Banu Kanz are known as the "Kunuz" and they inhabit the northern reaches of Sudan. References Bibliography Tribes of Arabia Arab dynasties Egypt under the Fatimid Caliphate Former countries in Africa History of Nubia Medieval Egypt Kingdom of Makuria Rabi`ah