goods. The penalties were difficult to enforce, and debased coins and good coins flowed in and out of states. References External links Kindleberger, Charles P. The Economic Crisis of 1619 to 1623. The Journal of Economic History, vol. 51, no. 1, 1991, pp. 149–175. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/2123055. "“Kipper und Wipper”: Rogue Traders, Rogue Princes, Rogue Bishops and the German Financial Meltdown of 1621–23", Mike Dash, Smithsonian, March 29, 2012 MoneyMuseum.com 1621 in the Holy Roman Empire 1622 in the Holy Roman Empire 1623 in the Holy Roman Empire 1621 in economics 1622 in economics 1623 in economics Thirty Years' War Economic crises in Europe Economy of the Holy Roman Empire Financial crises Debased coins of Germany