are mainly distributed to developing countries, located primarily in East and South Asia, Latin America, and Africa. including Colombia, Mexico, Turkey, Philippines, Pakistan, Nigeria, Sudan, Zimbabwe and other countries. As of 2018, India has been the largest recipient of structural adjustment program loans since 1990. Such loans cannot be spent on health, development or education programs. The largest of these have been to the banking sector ($2 trillion for IBRD 77880) and for Swachh Bharat Mission ($1.5 billion for IBRD 85590). Goals SALs have three main goals: increasing economic growth, correcting balance of payments deficits, and alleviating poverty. With the increasing demand for structural adjustments in various countries, the boundaries between SAL and other types of loans issued by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank have become blurred. For example, both the SAL and the Enhanced Structural Adjustment Loan (ESAF) issued by the International Monetary Fund tend to provide low-income member countries with preferential support for medium-term structural reforms, but enhanced structural adjustment loans are more supportive to promote growth and strengthen the balance of payments. Another type of loan issued by the World Bank, sector adjustment loans, differs from SAL only in that the former places more emphasis on improving one economic sector rather than the entire economy. Financing SAL initially financed the loan by selling gold held in trust funds and accepting donations from donor countries. Subsequent loans are based on the repayment of trust funds and interest earned. The SDR is the accounting unit of the loan, and the disbursement and repayment of the loan are in US dollars. The amount of SALs issued to a country is usually proportional to its quota in the International Monetary Fund. Conditions Typical stabilisation policies include: balance of payments deficits reduction through currency devaluation budget deficit reduction through higher taxes and lower government spending, also known as austerity restructuring foreign debts monetary policy to finance government deficits (usually in the form of loans from central banks) eliminating food subsidies raising the price of public services cutting wages decrementing domestic credit. Long-term adjustment policies usually include: liberalization of markets to guarantee a price mechanism privatization, or divestiture, of all or part of state-owned enterprises creating new financial institutions improving governance and fighting corruption (from the perspective of a neoliberal formulation of 'governance' and 'corruption') enhancing the rights of foreign investors vis-à-vis national laws focusing economic output on direct export