relationship between university teacher training programs and the public schools to employ prospective student teachers. In response to this report and the social upheaval in Los Angeles of the early 1990s, the newly formed center explicitly focused on some of the most impoverished areas in Los Angeles: East Los Angeles, Pico Union, South Los Angeles, and the Crenshaw District. Both of Center X's flagship professional programs, TEP and PLI, have a social justice emphasis as core to their work. Center X works to staff schools that are underserved, in communities of color, low-income, and with students that have academic needs. Schools that employ TEP Candidates have seen success, particularly in the area of teacher retention. A 2003 study found that "Center X graduates stay in teaching at higher rates than national averages. As expected, retention decreases over time, yet even after 5 years, 70% of Center X graduates remain in the classroom compared to 61% of teachers nationally". For the 2010-2011 academic year, four TEP alumni were selected as United States Department of Education "Teaching Ambassador Fellows". Center X is specifically committed to Vygotskyian sociocultural theory and continues to do work around child development through language. Center X provides ongoing development for urban educators and schools through eight projects. These include five subject matter Projects (Writing, Reading and Literature, Mathematics, Science, and History-Geography), the UCLA Parent Project, a National Boards Project, and a School Transformation Project. Institutes Black Male Institute (BMI) Higher Education Research Institute (HERI) Institute for Democracy, Education, & Access (IDEA) Institute for Immigration, Globalization and Education Paulo Freire Institute Sudikoff Family Institute Programs California Rare Book School Teaching to Change LA Pacific Bell/UCLA Initiative for 21st Century Literacies International Research on Permanent Authentic Records in Electronic Systems (InterPARES) REFORMA Los Angeles Chapter (The National Association to Promote Library and Information Services to Latinos and the Spanish Speaking) Senior Fellows Notable faculty Alexander Astin Alison Bailey Eva L. Baker Marcia J. Bates Christine L. Borgman Li Cai Michelle Caswell Mitchell Chang Johanna Drucker Anne J. Gilliland Sandra Graham Sandra Harding Robert M. Hayes Connie Kasari Douglas Kellner Seymour Lubetzky Jane Margolis Safiya Noble Mike Rose Val D. Rust Ramesh Srinivasan Carlos Alberto Torres Maryanne Wolf Endowed chairs Allan Murray Cartter Chair in Higher Education (Walter R. Allen) George F. Kneller Chair in Education & Anthropology (Teresa McCarty) George F. Kneller Chair in Education & Philosophy (Christine L. Borgman)