with 83 fatalities.This category covers conveyor belts and machinery on the factory floor etc. that are not generally considered confined spaces, but which satisfy the criteria for a confined space. Grain Handling (OSHA 1983): 105 confined space incidents from 1977 to 1981 with 126 fatalities. Toxic and Asphyxiating Atmospheres (OSHA 1985): 122 confined space incidents from 1974 to 1982 with 173 fatalities. Welding and Cutting (OSHA 1988): 217 incidents from 1974 to 1985 with 262 fatalities.OSHA reports of welding and cutting deaths do not record whether or not an incident has occurred in a confined space, it is estimated that 22% of the incidents were in a confined space. Shipbuilding & Repair (OSHA 1990): 151 incidents from 1974 to 1984 with 176 fatalities.OSHA reports of shipbuilding deaths do not record whether or not an incident has occurred in a confined space, it is estimated that 36% of the incidents were in a confined space. Mining (MSHA Report 1988): 38 confined space incidents from 1980 to 1986 with 44 fatalities. According to data collected by the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries program, fatal injuries in confined spaces fluctuated from a low of 81 in 1998 to a high of 100 in 2000 during the five-year period, averaging 92 fatalities per year. Rescue Where a system of entry permits is in place, a rescue plan is required, which includes a trained and equipped rescue team available within a reasonable response. It will list the personnel and equipment required to be at the worksite before entry is allowed. Special equipment such as tripod hoists, harnesses, and others may be required to extricate a worker from a toxic environment, without unduly endangering rescue personnel. In some industrial plants, Working at Height (WAH) and Confined Space (CS) rescue services are combined and delivered together. See also Notes and references External links United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) page on confined spaces California Occupational Safety and Health Administration (Cal/OSHA) Confined Space Guide: "Is It Safe To Enter A Confined Space?" Canadian Confined Space Rescue and Training Facilities National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health - Confined Space Page Safety Technology hazards Occupational safety and health