critical issues of the notch sensitivity of poor quality welds and the aggravating effects of the extreme low temperatures of the North Atlantic. In 1950, he moved to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where, in addition to continuing his metallurgical work, he developed his interests in geological and glacialogical fracture. In the latter study, Orowan developed the writings of the 14th century Tunisian historian Ibn Khaldun to forecast a supposed eventual failure of market demand similar to that claimed by Karl Marx. His ideas found little acceptance among the majority of economists. Throughout his life, he patented many inventions. Honours Fellow of the Royal Society, (1947) Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, (1951) Member of the National Academy of Sciences, (1969); Bingham Medal of the American Society of Rheology, (1959); Gauss Medal of the Braunschweiger Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft, (1968); Vincent Bendix Gold Medal of the American Society for Engineering Education, (1971); Paul Bergse Medal of the Danish Metallurgical Society, (1973); The Acta Metallurgica Gold Medal, (1985). See also The Martians (scientists) References External links Egon Orowan. 1901—1989. A Biographical Memoir by F.R.N. Nabarro and A. S. Argon. 1996. National Academies Press. Washington D.C. Interview with Dr. Egon Orowan in 1981. Dr. Orowan speaks about his professional life. Transcript of interview tapes. Kovács László. Orován Egon szilárdtestfizikus születésének centenáriumán. Magyar Tudomány, 2002/3 372. Egon Orowan Papers, MC 306. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Institute Archives and Special Collections, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 1902 births Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences 1989 deaths 20th-century Hungarian physicists 20th-century British physicists 20th-century Hungarian inventors 20th-century British inventors Hungarian metallurgists Rheologists Academics of the University of Birmingham Fellows of the Royal Society Hungarian emigrants to the United States Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom Technical University of Berlin alumni Jews who immigrated to the United Kingdom to escape Nazism Jewish physicists