were often carried as a back-up footwear for use in soft mud. In 1944, the Panama sole developed by Raymond Dobie uses angled lugs to push soft mud from the soles, clearing them to provide better grip in greasy clay or mud. However, M-1942 (Jungle) and M-1945 (Combat Boot, Tropical) boots used Vibram soles. After the conclusion of World War II, American interest in jungle equipment lay dormant until their next tropical engagement in 1965, so an 'improved' jungle boot used Dobie's Panama sole. Although taller, British military forces used a variant of the American jungle boot. Special Operations Executive Force 136 personnel were issued these boots during operations in Burma 1944–45, then were used in the Malayan Emergency. The First Indochina War The French rubber/canvas jungle boots were manufactured by Palladium during the First Indochina War. Variants were available during the Algerian War. Vietnam War In the early years of the American involvement in the Vietnam War, some U.S. Army soldiers were issued+ the 'M-1945 Tropical Combat Boot'. In 1965, newly-developed footwear was developed using developments since the end of World War. The second version was adopted by the U.S. military as the 'M-1966 Jungle Boot', jointly co-developed by the Natick Laboratories in joint co-development with the shoe industry. In the newly-developed 'improved' footwear, the upper was cotton, leather comprised the toe and heel, with improved nylon reinforcements around the throat. That 'improved' footwear used a Vibram-type lugged sole co-joined to the leather toe and heel. Water drains in the form of screened eyelets in the canvas top near the bottom were intended to drain moist mud from the inside of the boot using a hastily-modified version of the Bernoulli Principle. To use up old stock, the 1942 version of the removable ventilating insoles of fused layers of Saran plastic screen were issued with the 'improved' jungle boot.U.S. Army contracts went to shoe manufacturers such as Genesco, Bata (in Belcamp MD), and Belleville Shoe MFG CO. to produce the M-1966 Jungle boot. To help prevent American foot injuries from punji stake traps, the 1966 jungle boots used a stainless steel plate inside the boot's sole to protect the wearer from enemy punji stake traps and nails. Later jungle boots used nylon/canvas uppers instead of cotton duck. The footwear received 'improvements', including Dobie's mud-clearing outsole and nylon webbing reinforcement on the uppers. Vibram-soled Jungle Boots continued to be issued to