than wheat or other staple foods. Much of what Vaqueiros grow is to be consumed by their cattle. Vaqueiro houses traditionally kept two pigs and slaughtered one once a year on a feast day. Vaqueiros did not often slaughter their own cattle except for ritual sacrifices. The most emblematic food of Vaqueiro culture is , a mix of maize flour, soup, and bacon. , a dish of maize flour mixed with potatoes and water is also a popular Vaqueiro food. is a common dairy product eaten among Vaqueiro families. Because wheat flour was often prohibitively expensive to Vaqueiros, wheat breads were eaten on special occasions, such as , a wheat bread eaten on wedding days. Discrimination and racism Discrimination against Vaqueiros has been recorded since nearly the first written record of Vaqueiros. Vaqueiros were segregated in most public places, particularly the Church, and were banned from running for local office or from voting. Because Vaqueiros were nomadic and lived in the brañas, some Vaqueiros did not pay taxes or tithes which led to the forced sedentarization of Vaqueiros for purposes of tax collection. For most of their known history, Vaqueiros were considered a separate and inferior race to non-Vaqueiro Asturians and Leonese and the concept of purity of blood was evoked to oppress Vaqueiros on the basis that they were an inferior race. In 1551, Vaqueiru men were ordered to be castrated by regidor Don Diego das Marinas to prevent Vaqueiros from reproducing. Vaqueiros were the subjects of scientific racism, in particular a case in the early 20th century in which the Vaqueiros of the braña of Buspol in Salas were the subjects of phrenological studies in which they were deemed ‘mongoloids’. The Vaqueiros were considered by race scientists and their non-Vaqueiro neighbors to be brachycephalic due to inbreeding, though they have proven to be no more brachycephalic than nearby non-Vaqueiro populations. Segregation of Vaqueiros occurred in churches, cemeteries, bars, and holiday festivals. Early church segregation most often presented as class segregation between nobles, peasants, and Vaqueiros, with Vaqueiros at the bottom of the hierarchy and eventually evolved into ethnic segregation, dividing non-Vaqueiros and Vaqueiros. In bars, Vaqueiros were not allowed to drink out of glasses and instead were made to drink from cups made of animal horns. In 1844, a law was passed to make segregation illegal, however it was largely ignored and did little to curb the segregation