association's founders were mostly painters, such as: Hale Asaf (1905–1938) Muhittin Sebati (1901–1932) Ratip Aşir Acudoğlu (1898–1957), sculptor During the 30s "The Group D" While the Müstakiller (the "Independents") opened the doors of contemporary trends in Turkey, we see a newly founded group in 1933 which would give greater support to these efforts and of which their effectiveness lasted until the 1950s: "Group D". Group members were: Abidin Dino (1913–1993) The most significant distinction of "Group D" from the "Independents" was perhaps that they had gathered around a certain aesthetics with solidarity in determination to defend the new trends they wanted to bring in. "Group D" had not been representative of any particular view. They were open to anything new except Impressionism. The star of the Çallı generation faded away gradually after the "Independents" and "Group D" members had started to work at the Academy. Cemal Tollu (1899–1968) Bedri Rahmi Eyuboğlu (1911–1975) Besides all this progress, from the beginning there had also been independent artists. Among these Fikret Mualla Adnan Coker (born 1927) Fahrunissa Zeid (1901–1991) Burhan Doğançay (1929–2013) The Newcomers Group (Yeniler Grubu) (late 1930s) The Newcomers Group, (Yeniler Grubu) was formed by those who had a social realist understanding. After they opening of their "Harbour Paintings Exhibition", they had been remembered as the "Harbour Painters". Avni Arbaş (1919–2003) Other Abidin Elderoğlu Ercument Kalmik Nese Erdok Eren Eyüboğlu Sabri Berkel During the 50s Turkish painting has continued to flourish since the 1960s, with an increasing rate of development, as evidenced by many new artists in many different styles. During the 60s The Siyah Qalam Group Siyah Kalem group founded in 1960 in Ankara. They influenced by the 14th and early 15th century painter Siyah Qalam. İhsan Cemal Karaburçak Cemal Bingöl İsmail Altınok Ayşe Sılay Selma Arel Lütfü Günay Asuman Kılıç Solmaz Tugaç The 1968 Generation Alaettin Aksoy Gürkan Coşkun Mehmet Güleryüz Neşe Erdok Nevhiz Metin Ömer Kaleşi Utku Varlık During the 70s Social Realists Seyyit Bozdoğan Cihat Aral Kasım Koçak Aydın Ayan Kemal İskender Hüsnü Koldaş Nedret Sekban TurgutAtalay Mehmet Aksoy During the 70s and after Predominent painters with Fantastic tendencies: Balkan Naci İslimyeli Ergin İnan Burhan Uygur Contemporary Painters: Haluk Akakce (born 1970) Bedri Baykam (born 1957) Setenay Ozbek (born 1961) writer, artist and documentary maker. Genco Gulan (born 1969) contemporary conceptual artist and theorist. Nedim Günal Nedim Gürsür Hayal Pozanti (born 1983) painter of data visualization, based