is associated with nightmares, delirium, and hallucinations. Propofol – It is a highly lipid-soluble, GABA agonist. The dosage is 1.5 mg/kg (usually 100 to 200 mg). It has quick onset of action, can cross the blood-brain barrier, wide tissue distribution, and can be hepatically cleared by the body quickly. In the elderly, the rate of Propofol clearance is low. Therefore, lower doses of Propofol (50 to 100 mg) should be given. It is suitable in those with kidney or liver impairment and decreases intra-cranial pressure. For those with bronchospasm, Propofol also has mild bronchodilating effect. However, Propofol can induce hypotension and bradycardia due to its calcium channel blocker and beta blocker properties. At prolonged high Propofol dosages, it can induce Propofol infusion syndrome, characterized by acute refractory bradycardia leading to asystole accompanied by one of the following: rhabdomyolysis, acute fatty liver or enlarged liver, and metabolic acidosis. Pain during peripheral administration of Propofol can be reduced by using pretreatment lidocaine or a large bore cannula. Midazolam – Apart as a premedication, midazolam can be used as an induction agent at the dose of 0.2 to 0.3 mg/kg. It has slow onset of action when used alone, but the onset can be improved when using together with an opioid. However, for those with hypotension, midazolam can further reduce the blood pressure and has cardiac depressive effects. Therefore, dose reduction is required for the elderly, and for those with heart and liver failure. Methohexital – This is a barbiturate drug that works as a GABA agonist, reducing the dissociation of GABA A from its receptors. The dosage is 1.5 mg/kg. It is metabolized in liver. However, methohexital can cause respiratory depression, laryngospasm, venodilatation, myocardial depression, and hypotension. Additionally, it can also cause reduced cerebral blood flow and histamine release. It can cause distal thrombosis and tissue necrosis if given into the arterial system. This drug is commonly associated with pain when given through small peripheral veins. This can be prevented by dissolving the drug into a lipophilic mixture without reducing the potency of the drug. Paralytics Paralytics are also known as neuromuscular-blocking drugs (NMB). NMB can reduce the complication rates of rapid sequence induction such as inadequate oxygenation of the blood, airway complications, and instability of the cardiovascular system. NMB can be divided into two types: depolarising and non-depolarizing blockers. Depolarizing blockers resembles the acetylcholine and activates the motor end-plate of the