III to read. In 1491, when the Great Horde attempted to invade the Crimean Khanate, Kazan troops participated in a raid against it, together with Muscovy, the Qasim Khanate, and the Nogays. 1495-1502: In 1495, the "eastern" or Nogai faction called in Mamuq, a Shaibanid from the Siberian khanate. Möxämmädämin called in a Russian army and Mamuq drew back, but when the Russians returned home Mamuq seized Kazan and Möxämmädämin fled to Moscow. In 1496, when Mamuq returned from a raid on Arsk, the city closed its gates and Mamuq was forced to return to Siberia. This time the qarachi and particularly Qol Axmat objected to the return of Möxämmädämin, citing "abuse and dishonor to women" from him. The throne was given to his younger brother Ghabdellatif of Kazan. In 1502 Ghabdellatif was removed by Russia and a local faction. Third reign 1502-18 Subsequently, Möxämmädämin again became khan, put Qol Axmat to death and married the widow of his brother Ilham. His new wife turned him against Moscow. In June 1505 he slaughtered the Russian merchants who had gathered for the annual fair and confiscated their goods. He marched west and burned the outskirts of Nizhny Novgorod but could not take the city because the local commander had armed 300 Lithuanian prisoners of war and gathered them to defend the city. Möxämmädämin abandoned the siege because of a quarrel with his Nogai allies and returned home and the Russians did not follow him. In 1506 two armies were sent. The first went by water, attacked too soon and was defeated. The second arrived unexpectedly, almost won, but fell to looting and was destroyed by a counter attack. A third army was sent, but Kazan offered peace, which was accepted. In 1510 his mother Nur Soltan went from Crimea to Moscow and Kazan and improved relations between the two powers. Möxämmädämin died in 1519 after a difficult illness. Since he left no children the throne went to Shahghali of the Qasim Khanate. Möxammädämin was also a prominent Old Tatar language poet. His son Möxämmädyar, born from his wife Şäwliäbikä, also was one of the most prominent Tatar poets. See also List of Kazan khans Russo-Kazan Wars References and notes Henry Hoyle Howorth, History of the Mongols,1880, Part 2, pp 376-385 1460s births 1518 deaths Year of birth uncertain Khanate of Kazan 15th-century monarchs in Europe 16th-century monarchs in Europe