at cadences, where they regularly avoided approaching perfect intervals from the closest imperfect intervals. Modern editions Today, editors usually show their recommendations for ficta in Medieval and Renaissance music by placing an accidental sign above the note in question. This indicates that these accidentals were not part of the original source. Editors place any signs found in a period document on the staff directly before the note the sign applies to—as they would an accidental placed by the composer of a modern work, and indeed as it appears in the original document. References Sources Further reading Allaire, Gaston G. 1972. The Theory of Hexachords, Solmization and the Modal System: A Practical Approach. Musicological Studies and Documents 24. [N.p.]: American Institute of Musicology. Arlettaz, Vincent. 2000. "Musica ficta, une histoire des sensibles du XIIIe au XVIe siècle". Liège: Mardaga. . English summary. Bent, Margaret. 1972. "Musica Recta and Musica Ficta". Musica Disciplina 26:73–100. Bent, Margaret. 2002a. "Diatonic Ficta Revisited: Josquin's Ave Maria in Context". In Margaret Bent, Counterpoint, Composition, and Musica Ficta, 199–217. Criticism and Analysis of Early Music 4. New York and London: Routledge. .}} Bent, Margaret. 2002b. "Renaissance Counterpoint and Musica Ficta". In Margaret Bent, Counterpoint, Composition, and Musica Ficta, 105–114. Criticism and Analysis of Early Music 4. New York and London: Routledge. . Coussemaker, Charles Edmond Henri de (ed.). 1864–76. Scriptorum de musica medii aevi nova seriem a Gerbertina alteram. 4 vols. Paris: A. Durand. Reprinted, Milan: Bollettino bibliografico musicale, 1931.}} Durán, Domingo Marcos. 1492. Lux Bella. Seville: Quatro Alemanes Compañeros. Falconer, Keith. 1996. "Consonance, Mode, and Theories of Musica Ficta". In Modality in the Music of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries/ Modalität in der Musik des 14. und 15. Jahrhunderts, edited by Ursula Günther, Ludwig Finscher, and Jeffrey J. Dean, 11–29. Musicological Studies and Documents 49. Neuhausen-Stuttgart: Hänssler Verlag. . Henderson, Robert V. 1969. "Solmization Syllables in Musical Theory, 1100 to 1600." PhD dissertation, Columbia University. Herlinger, Jan W. 2005. "Nicolaus de Capua, Antonio Zacara da Teramo, and Musica Ficta". In Antonio Zacara da Teramo e il suo tempo, edited by Francesco Zimei, 67–90. Lucca: Libreria Musicale Italiana (LIM). . Hoppin, Richard H. 1978. Medieval Music. New York: W. W. Norton. . Johannes de Garlandia. 1972. De mensurabili musica, critical edition with commentary and interpretation by Erich Reimer. 2 vols. Suppleùent to the Archiv für Musikwissenschaft 10 & 11. Wiesbaden: F. Steiner. Lockwood, Lewis, Robert Donington, and