area around what is now Helvellyn. On Great Dodd this formation is represented by rocks of the Thirlmere Tuff Member, which covers the top of the fell with a thick sheet of welded rhyo-dacitic lapilli-tuff in which the individual pieces of semi-molten lava were flattened under the weight of deposits above them. This rock weathers to a white or pink colour, but it is covered by the smooth grassy turf characteristic of Great Dodd, Watson's Dodd and Stybarrow Dodd, all of which are covered by the same sheet. Towards the end of, or after the cessation of the volcanic activity, a large granite batholith was emplaced beneath the volcanic rocks of the Lake District. Associated with the granite batholith was the creation of numerous mineral veins. There is evidence of historic mining activity in two locations on Great Dodd in efforts to exploit such mineral veins. Fornside Mine on the western slopes consisted of two levels, one of which shows signs of copper ore, the other was on a barren quartz vein. At the base of Wolf Crags there are the remains of a short level 30 m long on a poor quartz vein. There are no historical records of this level. It may be assumed that both mines were commercial failures. Names Great Dodd may originally have been Dodd Fell, the name shown on Donald's map of 1771 and Ford's map of 1839, though it is not known in pre-18th century sources. It did not need to be distinguished from its neighbours since Stybarrow Dodd seems to have been known in earlier times simply as Stybarrow, and Watson's Dodd is probably only an 18th-century name. Dod or dodd is a dialect word of unknown origin, but common in hill names in the Lake District and the Scottish Borders for bare rounded summits, either free standing or subsidiary shoulders to higher neighbours. Calfhow Pike was referred to as Calfhou in a 13th-century source, and pyke of Cauvey in the 16th century. This appears to be ‘the peak of Calf Hill’, from Old English pīc, a peak, and how (from the Old Norse haugr), a hill. The name here probably refers to deer calving. Randerside was first recorded by the Ordnance Survey in 1867. Without earlier sources it is unclear whether side here simply means ‘hillside’ or comes from an earlier Old Norse sætr, "shieling", or sæti, "seat". A different Randerside