is still used as an honorific in Egypt, Jordan, and Turkey (as well as some other former Ottoman states), and is the source of the word أفندم؟ afandim?, , a particularly polite way of saying, "Excuse me?", and can be used in answering the phone. The colonial forces of British East Africa and German East Africa were built from a stock of Sudanese soldiers of the Egyptian army, which was nominally under the Ottoman Empire. These units entered East Africa with some officers who brought their title of effendi with them and, thus, it continued to be used for non-European officers of the two colonial forces. Up to the present the Swahili form afande is a way to address officers in the armies of Kenya, Tanzania and recently in Rwanda with the coming to power of RPF. Effendi (Governor's Commissioned Officer) was the highest rank that a Black African could achieve in the British King's African Rifles (KAR) until 1961 (from then, promotions to commissioned officers became possible). They were equivalent to the Viceroy's Commissioned Officers in the British Indian Army. An Effendi's authority was confined to other KAR troops (Askaris), and he could not command British troops. The KAR rank came into disuse during the 1930s and was reintroduced in 1956. Effendi was also a non-European's officer rank in the Schutztruppe of German East Africa. Similar to the above British practice, Effendis were promoted by a governor's warrant, not by a kaiser's commission, as white commissioned officers were. Effendis had no authority over white troops. In the Schutztruppe this rank was used, together with other ranks of Ottoman origin like "Tschausch" (sergeant) and "Ombascha" (corporal). In Bosnia and Herzegovina "Efendija" refers to Muslim clerics. In Indonesia and Malaysia, "Effendi" can be used as a first name. In Pakistan and India, "Effendi" is the surname of some families whose ancestors migrated from Turkey or Afghanistan. In Afghanistan, some members of the former ruling Barakzai clan of Durranis also use "Effendi" or a variant "Affandi" as their surname. In China, "Effendi" (阿凡提) often refers to Nasreddin. Jazz pianist McCoy Tyner has one composition named "Effendi". It appears on his debut album, Inception. Shoghi Effendi, born Shoghí Rabbání, acquired the title from ʻAbdu'l-Bahá in his youth. See also Byzantine bureaucracy and aristocracy Ottoman titles Mustafa Sabri Efendi Notes References Baranovitch, Nimrod. "From the Margins to the Center." China Quarterly 175: 726-750 .