the introduction and its reprise. One of the best known examples of music featuring reverse tape effects is the Doctor Who theme (1963), composed by Ron Grainer and released electronically by Delia Derbyshire of the BBC Radiophonic Workshop. Another famous example of the use of reverse tape effects is The Beatles' 1967 single "Strawberry Fields Forever," written by John Lennon and produced by George Martin. During the verses, Lennon's voice is accompanied by a series of rapid "swooshing" sounds; these are actually the sounds of Ringo Starr's drum and cymbal accompaniment. These patterns were carefully prerecorded, the tape reversed and the reversed percussion effects meticulously edited into the master tape to synchronize with the music. Around the same time, Jimi Hendrix recorded a backward guitar solo for Castles Made of Sand (song) released 1967. Stephen Stills, a close friend of Jimi Hendrix, used the effect on Graham Nash's song "Pre-Road Downs" from Crosby, Stills & Nash's debut album. Several other Beatles songs of the period — including Revolver (1966) tracks "I'm Only Sleeping" and "Tomorrow Never Knows" — also feature recordings of electric guitars, sitars and "birds" which have been reversed. Occasionally, record labels would use a reverse tape song on the B-side of a single, to ensure that only the A-side got radio play. One example is "Noolab Wolley" by the US group The Yellow Balloon; A-side "Yellow Balloon" was a big cheery harmony-drenched slice of sunshine pop that went to #25 in Billboard in the spring of 1967. The flip side of the single reversed the tape to create a surprisingly listenable off-kilter bit of shoopy drums and near-psychedelic "lyrics" that worked pretty well. In the year prior, there was "Aaah-ah, Yawa Em Ekat Ot Gnimoc Er’yeht" by Napoleon XIV (Jerry Samuels). In the original song "They’re Coming To Take Me Away, Ha-Haaa", Samuels created one of the most bizarre one-hit oddities of the 1960s, going to #1 in Cashbox, #3 in Billboard, #4 in the UK, and #2 in Canada in the summer of 1966. The reverse version fared reasonably well on the flip side, since the martial drumming of the A side remained more or less intact, and the lyrics were only slightly less warped. See also Backmasking Tape loop References Electronic music