as pejorative This usage, which arose in the 19th century, is characterized thus by Höslinger: it is "a more patronizing, even dismissive one. In comparison with Romantic artists and Romantic music, Haydn and his output were seen as genial, but naive and superficial." With the rise of acclaim for Haydn's music during the 20th century, the patronizing sense of "Papa Haydn" caused scholars and critics to become leery of the term, seeing it as a distortion of the composer's work. For example, Haydn scholar Jens Peter Larsen wrote (1980): "Papa Haydn" was used in a children's song, sung to the first bars of the second movement of the Surprise Symphony: Papa Haydn's dead and gone but his memory lingers on. When his mood was one of bliss he wrote jolly tunes like this. Notes Sources Larsen's article was published separately as The New Grove: Haydn, Norton, New York, 1982. Further reading The New Grove'''s current article on Haydn (by Webster and Feder, not by Larsen) includes other material on the term "Papa Haydn". Niemetschek, Franz (1798/1956) Life of Mozart'', translated by Helen Mautner. London: Leonard Hyman. Joseph Haydn Haydn