with President Juvénal Habyarimana, Kabuga funded many Hutu ultranationalist media outlets. Ferdinand Nahimana, director. A respected historian who received his doctorate from the University Paris Diderot, Nahimana joined RTLM after being fired from Radio Rwanda in 1993. Jean Bosco Barayagwiza, chairman of the executive committee. Barayagwiza was an important political figure who served as policy director within the Ministry of Foreign Affairs at the time of the Rwandan genocide. Gaspard Gahigi, editor-in-chief Phocas Habimana, day-to-day manager After-effects The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda's (ICTR) action against RTLM began on 23 October 2000 – along with the trial of Hassan Ngeze, director and editor of the Kangura magazine. On 19 August 2003, at the tribunal in Arusha, life sentences were requested for RTLM leaders Ferdinand Nahimana, and Jean Bosco Barayagwiza. They were charged with genocide, incitement to genocide, and crimes against humanity, before and during the period of the 1994 genocide against the Tutsis. On 3 December 2003, the court found all three defendants guilty and sentenced Nahimana and Ngeze to life imprisonment and Barayagwiza to imprisonment for 35 years - this was appealed. The Appeal judgment, issued on 27 November 2007 reduced the sentences of all three - Nahimana getting 30 years, Barayagwiza getting 32 and Ngeze getting 35, with the court overturning convictions on certain counts. On 14 December 2009, RTLM announcer Valérie Bemeriki was convicted by a gacaca court in Rwanda and sentenced to life imprisonment for her role in inciting genocidal acts. Cultural references Dramatised RTLM broadcasts are heard in Hotel Rwanda. In the film Sometimes in April the main character's brother is an employee of RTLM. Controversy develops when attempting to prosecute radio broadcasters because of free speech issues. The film Shooting Dogs makes use of recordings from RTLM. The title of The New York Times journalist Bill Berkeley's novel, The Graves are Not Yet Full (2001), is taken from a notorious RTLM broadcast in Kigali, 1994: "You have missed some of the enemies. You must go back there and finish them off. The graves are not yet full!" The Swiss theatre maker Milo Rau 're-enacted' an RTLM radio broadcast in his play Hate Radio, which premièred in 2011 and featured on the Berliner Festspiele in 2012 (with audience discussion). He also made it into a radio-play and a film and wrote a book about it. See also Simon Bikindi, Rwandan singer-songwriter charged with inciting genocide.