10th century (901–1000 CE / 288–391 AH) 902: Death of the Abbasid Caliph al-Mu'tadid; al-Muktafi becomes Caliph. Death of the Saffarid ruler Amr bin Laith. Fall of Taormina signals the completion of the Muslim conquest of Sicily. 903: Assassination of the Qarmatian ruler Abu-Sa'id Jannabi; accession of Abu Tahir al-Jannabi. 905: Abdallah bin Hamdan founds the Hamdanid rule in Mosul and Jazira. End of the Tulunid rule in Egypt. 908: Death of the Abbasid Caliph Muktafi; accession of al-Muqtadir. End of the Saffarid rule, annexation of their territories by the Samanids. 909: Sa'id ibn Husayn, with the help of his chief missionary-commander Abu Abdallah al-Shi'i overthrows the Aghlabids and founds the Fatimid rule in North Africa at which time he changes his title to Imam Ubayd Allah al-Mahdi Billah. The Aghlabid Ziyadat Allah is thus expelled from the region, and with him the final remnants of Sunni Muslim rule in North Africa. 912: Death of the Umayyad ruler Abdallah ibn Muhammad in Spain, accession of Abd al-Rahman III. 913: Assassination of the Samanid ruler Ahmad, accession of Nasr II. 927: Invasion of Iraq by the Qarmatians under Abu Tahir. 928: Mardavij ibn Ziyar founds the Ziyarid rule in Tabaristan. 930: Qarmatians sack Mecca and carry away the Black Stone from the Kaaba. In Spain, Abd al-Rahman III declares himself Caliph of Córdoba. 931: Deposition and restoration of the Abbasid Caliph al-Muqtadir. Death of the Qarmatian ruler Abu Tahir; accession of Abu Mansur. 932: Death of the Abbasid Caliph Muqtadir; accession of al-Qahir. 932 : Saltuk Buğra Khan of Karahan Turks embraced Islam. 934: Deposition of the Abbasid Caliph al-Qahir; accession of ar-Radi. Death of the Fatimid Caliph Ubaidullah; accession of al Qaim; Imad al-Dawla establishes Buwayhid power in Fars. 935: Rukn al-Dawla conquers Ray and establishes the Buwayhid government there. Assassination of the Ziyarid ruler Mardavij; accession of Vushmgir. Death of Hamdanid ruler Abdallah ibn Hamdan, accession of Nasir al-Dawla. 936: By coup, Ibn Raiq becomes the Amir al-Umara under Abbasid Caliph ar-Radi. 938: By another coup, power at Baghdad is captured by Bajkam. 940: Death of the Abbasid Caliph ar-Radi, accession of al-Muttaqi. 941: Death of Bajkam, capture of power by Kurtakin. 942: Ibn Raiq recaptures power in Baghdad. 943: Abu Abdallah al-Baridi captures power. The Abbasid Caliph al-Muttaqi is forced to seek refuge with the Hamdanids. Nasir al-Dawla captures power at Baghdad and the Caliph returns to Baghdad.