rescue boats and life jackets according to type of ship. The specific technical requirements are given in the International Life-Saving Appliance (LSA) Code. Chapter IV – Radiocommunications The Global Maritime Distress Safety System (GMDSS) requires passenger and cargo ships on international voyages to carry radio equipment, including satellite Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacons (EPIRBs) and Search and Rescue Transponders (SARTs). Chapter V – Safety of navigation This chapter requires governments to ensure that all vessels are sufficiently and efficiently manned from a safety point of view. It places requirements on all vessels regarding voyage and passage planning, expecting a careful assessment of any proposed voyages by all who put to sea. Every mariner must take account of all potential dangers to navigation, weather forecasts, tidal predictions, the competence of the crew, and all other relevant factors. It also adds an obligation for all vessels' masters to offer assistance to those in distress and controls the use of lifesaving signals with specific requirements regarding danger and distress messages. It is different from the other chapters, which apply to certain classes of commercial shipping, in that these requirements apply to all vessels and their crews, including yachts and private craft, on all voyages and trips including local ones. Chapter VI – Carriage of Cargoes Requirements for the stowage and securing of all types of cargo and cargo containers except liquids and gases in bulk. Chapter VII – Carriage of dangerous goodsRequires the carriage of all kinds of dangerous goods to be in compliance with the International Bulk Chemical Code (IBC Code), The International Code of the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk (IGC Code) and the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code). Chapter VIII – Nuclear ships Nuclear powered ships are required, particularly concerning radiation hazards, to conform to the Code of Safety for Nuclear Merchant Ships. Chapter IX – Management for the Safe Operation of Ships Requires every shipowner and any person or company that has assumed responsibility for a ship to comply with the International Safety Management Code (ISM). Chapter X – Safety measures for high-speed craft Makes mandatory the International Code of Safety for High-speed craft (HSC Code). Chapter XI-1 – Special measures to enhance maritime Safety Requirements relating to organizations responsible for carrying out surveys and inspections, enhanced surveys, the ship identification number scheme, and operational requirements. Chapter XI-2 – Special measures to