to Islamic conquest, the Indian subcontinent had a history of musical practice that drew from Sanskritic culture. The subsequent Indo-Persian synthesis resulted in an influx of Iranian musical elements, leading to further developments in the region's musical culture through the patronage of new Persianate rulers. This appears to have been the impetus for divergence in indigenous music, leading to the divergence of Hindustani classical music from Carnatic Music. Some of the main instruments used in this style, such as the sitar and sarod, are thought to have close historical ties with Persian instruments (for an example, see setar). Musical genres such as khyal and tarana, and the musical performance of ghazals, are examples of the Indo-Persian musical confluence. Notably, the Sufi devotional music of qawwali bears evident impact from Persian influence, such as the frequent usage of Persian poems. The creation of many of these practices is credited to 13th-century poet, scholar, and musician Amir Khusrau. See also Persianate society Turco-Persian culture Turco-Mongol culture Greater Iran Persian language in the Indian subcontinent Indo-Islamic architecture Central Asians in Ancient Indian literature Mughal architecture Mughal clothing Persian Inscriptions on Indian Monuments Urdu Islam in South Asia References Bibliography Further reading (series of entries that cover Indian history and its relations with Iran) Chopra, R.M. Indo-Iranian Cultural Relations Through The Ages. Iran Society, 2005. Chopra, R. M.,"The Rise Growth And Decline of Indo-Persian Literature", Iran Culture House, New Delhi, 2012. 2nd revised edition published in 2013. Cole, Juan R.I. "Iranian Culture and South Asia, 1500–1900". in: Keddie, Nikki; Matthee, Rudolph P. (ed.). (2002). Iran and the Surrounding World: Interactions in Culture and Cultural Politics. University of Washington Press. . pp. 15–35. Eaton, Richard M., India in the Persianate Age (Allen Lane, 2019) Islam, Riazul, "Indo-Persian Relations". Iranian Culture Foundation, Tehran, 1970. Kirmani, Waris. Dreams Forgotten: An Anthology of Indo-Persian Poetry. (Aligarh, 1984) Nabi Hadi. Dictionary of Indo-Persian Literature. (New Delhi, 1995) Fabrizio Speziale, Culture persane et médecine ayurvédique an Asie du Sud, Leiden – Boston, E. J. Brill, Islamic Philosophy, Theology and Science. Texts and Studies, 2018. Persian culture Indian culture Pakistani culture Mughal Empire