Turkey's independence in the Treaty of Lausanne and subsequently declares the Republic of Turkey. Ankara officially replaces Constantinople as Turkish capital. 1923: Albanian Mussulmans' Congress breaks with caliphate and reforms Islam in Albania by suppressing polygamy and the compulsory veiling of women. 1924: The Turkish Grand National Assembly abolishes the Ottoman Caliphate and sends the remaining members of the Ottoman House into exile in a move that begins the extensive de-Islamization of the public sphere in Turkey. 1924: King Abd al-Aziz Ibn Saud conquers Mecca and Medina, leading to the unification of the Kingdoms of Najd and Hejaz. 1925: Reza Khan seizes the government in Persia and establishes the Pahlavi dynasty. 1925: The Great Syrian Revolt breaks out across the various statelets of Syrian and Lebanon against French rule, which ultimately was put down by force in 1927. 1926: Abd al-Aziz Ibn Saud assumes title of King of Najd and Hejaz. 1926: Lebanon proclaimed a parliamentary republic under French protectorate. 1927: Death of Zaghlul, an Egyptian nationalist leader. 1928: Turkey is declared a secular state. 1928: Hasan al-Banna founds the Muslim Brotherhood, a Pan-Islamic movement dedicated to social, political, and moral reform in Egypt. The movement would later spread to other Arab nations and to Pakistan. 1929: Militant conflicts between Palestinians parties and Jewish settlers in Jerusalem over access to the Wailing Wall. 1931: A General Islam Conference held in Jerusalem over the Zionism question with delegates from North Africa, Egypt, the Arabian Peninsula and Mesopotamia issues first Pan Arabic resolution. 1932: Iraq granted independence by League of Nations. 1932–41: Ma Bufang and his Chinese Muslim soldiers massacre Tibetans in Qinghai Province. The motive was ethnic cleansing of Tibetans and destruction of their culture, resulting in thousands of casualties. 1934: War between King Abd al-Aziz Ibn Saud and Imam Yahya of the Yemen. Peace treaty of Taif. Asir becomes part of Saudi Arabia. 1935: Iran ("Land of the Aryans") becomes the official name of Persia. 1936: Increased Jewish immigration leads to the Arab revolt in Palestine. The demonstrations turned violent in 1937 and met with violent repression from the British Army. 1938: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk died.İsmet İnönü second president of Turkey. 1939: Parliament of ex France protectorate Republic of Hatay decides to join Turkey 1939: Start of World War II. 1940 All India Muslim League at Lahore formally resolves in favor of an independent Muslim state. 1941: British and Russian