Kamianets-Podilskyi (, ; ; ; ) is a city on the Smotrych River in western Ukraine, to the north-east of Chernivtsi. Formerly the administrative center of the Khmelnytskyi Oblast, the city is now the administrative center of the Kamianets-Podilskyi district within the Khmelnytskyi province. It hosts the administration of Kamianets-Podilskyi urban hromada. Current population has been estimated as In 1919–1920, during the unfolding Soviet–Ukrainian War, the city officially served as the temporary capital of the Ukrainian People's Republic. Name The first part of the city's dual name originates from () or , meaning 'stone' in Old Slavic. The second part of its name relates to the historic region of Podilia (), of which Kamianets-Podilskyi is considered to be the historic capital. Equivalents of the name in other languages are ; ; ; ; (), . Geography Kamianets-Podilskyi is located in the southern portion of the Khmelnytskyi Oblast, located in the western Ukrainian region of Podillia. The Smotrych River, a tributary of the Dniester, flows through the city. The total area of the city comprises . The city is located about from the oblast's administrative center, Khmelnytskyi. History Classical antiquity Several historians consider that a city on this spot was founded by the ancient Dacians, who lived in what is now modern Romania, Moldova, and portions of Ukraine. Historians write that the founders named the settlement Petridava or Klepidava, which originate from the Greek word petra or Latin lapis 'stone' and Dacian dava 'city'. Kievan Rus and the Tatars (11th c.–1241) Modern Kamianets-Podilskyi was first mentioned in 1062 as a town of the Kyivan Rus' state. In 1241, it was destroyed by the Mongolian invaders. Polish rule (1352–1672) In 1352, it was annexed by the Polish King Casimir III. In 1378 it became seat of a Roman Catholic Diocese. In 1432 King Sigismund I the Old granted Kamieniec Podolski city rights. In 1434 it became the capital of the Podolian Voivodship and the seat of local civil and military administration. The ancient castle was reconstructed and substantially expanded by the Polish kings to defend Poland from the southwest against Ottoman and Tatar invasions, thus it was called the gateway to Poland. During the free election period in Poland, Kamianets-Podilskyi, as one of the most influential cities of the state, enjoyed voting rights (alongside Warsaw, Kraków, Poznań, Gdańsk, Lviv, Vilnius, Lublin, Toruń and Elbląg). Ottoman rule (1672–1699) After the Treaty of Buchach