19th century (1801–1900) (1215 AH – 1318 AH) 1803: Seikh Abdul Aziz bin Muhammad bin Saud assassinated. Shah Shuja proclaimed King of Afghanistan. 1804: Uprising under George Petrovich against Janissary garrison at Belgrade marked beginning of Serbian Revolution. 1804: Othman dan Fodio established Islamic State of Sokoto in Northern Nigeria. 1805: Saud bin Abdul Aziz captured Medina defeating the Ottoman Empire garrison. 1805: Faraizi movement launched in Bengal. 1805: Sultan Selim III yields to the demand that Muhammad Ali be appointed wāli of Egypt. 1806: Khanate of Khiva came into limelight under the rule of Muhammad Rahim Khan. 1807: Selim III deposed by Janissaries. 1807: Darqawi sect revolted against Turkish domination. 1807: Tunisia repudiated suzerainty of Algeria. 1808: Bairakdar, the ayan of Rusçuk, having arrived in Constantinople too late to restore Selim III (who had been strangled), installed Mahmud II, the sole surviving member of the Ottoman line. 1811: Birth of Siyyid Mírzá 'Alí-Muhammad known as the Báb, founder of Bábí movement. British occupied Indonesia. 1811: Muhammad Ali has Mamluks massacred in the Citadel of Cairo, thereby consolidating his absolute power. 1812: Medina fell to Egyptians. 1812: Treaty of Bucharest between Ottoman Empire and Russia end a war of 6 years 1813: Mecca and Taif captured by Egyptian forces and Saudis expelled from Hejaz. 1814: Iran executed treaty of alliance with the British known as the Definitive Treaty. Death of Saud bin Abdul Aziz. King Othman of Tunisia assassinated by his cousin Mahmud. 1816: British withdrew from Indonesia restoring it to the Dutch. 1817: Sir Syed Ahmad Khan born. 1818: Conclusion of Egypt's seven-year campaign against the Wahabis in Arabia, who had occupied Mecca and Medina and threatened Syria. As a result, the eastern coast of the Mediterranean fell under Egyptian control. 1821: Alexander Ypsilantis led Greek insurgents across the river Prut into Danubian Principalities on March 6 (n.s.) to begin the Greek War of Independence against the Ottoman Empire. 1822: Death of Maulay Ismail in Morocco. 1822: Greek assembly at Epidauros declared Greek independence and drew up an organic statute establishing a parliament and executive directory. 1826: Janissaries massacred by forces loyal to Mahmud II after they revolted following formation of new army corps. 1827: Malaya became a preserve of the British according to Anglo-Netherland treaty in 1824. 1828: Russia declared war against Ottoman Empire. 1829: Treaty of Adrianople ends the war Russo Turkish war 1828 1830: French forces