of scientific management and add a human dimension to them. The chief idea, along the lines of Douglas McGregor's 'Theory Y', was that by involving the worker in the process of change and a suitable form of ownership, greater gains could be made both by the worker and the organisation. PA's first assignment was to train volunteer women to assemble the tail gun section of Avro Lancaster bombers, as part of Britain's policy of bringing women into the factories to free up male workers for the armed forces. 1950–1970 By 1964, PA had dropped the name Personnel Administration and was known as simply PA Consulting Group. PA expanded and, by 1970, was the world’s largest management consulting firm by headcount. PA had also expanded geographically, mostly along the lines of the Commonwealth, with its operations in Australia providing about a third of the firm's revenue. In the 1960s, PA diversified its business significantly by developing the use of the 'newspaper box' advertisement for recruitment. Butten retired from PA in 1970, having earlier sold his 100% shareholding in PA to the Butten Trust in 1958. The Trust was intended as a long-term guardian of PA's fortunes and an assurance that the company would be 'owned by the employees'. 1970–1992 During this period, PA found success in advising companies on potential applications of technology to business issues. This led to them building technology centres in Melbourn, UK, and Princeton, USA. Towards the end of the '80s, after an upsurge in the industry, PA's management decided it wanted to take the firm public. The Butten Trust, after an application to the courts in the UK, agreed to give 15% of its shares to its employees as part of a long-term plan to float. However, the company suffered in the subsequent consulting industry downturn of 1989 to 1992 and changed its strategy to one of staff ownership. 1992–2015 Between 1991 and 1994, PA reduced its workforce by almost half. In 1992, Jon Moynihan was appointed as chief executive of PA, with a remit to turn the company around. With a new strategy, aggressive cost-cutting and an industry upturn, the turnaround succeeded and, in 1995, PA made record profits. Jeremy Asher became group CEO in 1998 and, during his three-year tenure, PA grew from about 2,500 staff to just under 4,000. The firm expanded significantly in the United States through the acquisition of Hagler Bailly