January— Conquest of Mecca. Battle of Hunayn. Battle of Autas. Siege of Ta'if. 630: Death of Umm Kulthum daughter of Muhammad and wife of Uthman . 631: Expedition to Tabouk, Ghassanids. 631: Death of Muhammad's son Ibrahim ibn Muhammad from Maria al-Qibtiyya. 631 or 632, tribe of Thaqif adopts Islam. 632: 6 March— Farewell pilgrimage at Mecca. 632: 8 June— Death of Muhammad. Death of Fatimah, his daughter. Abu Bakr is chosen as caliph after a fight at Banu Saqifa among those who left the funeral of prophet . Battles of Zu Qissa. Battles of Zu Abraq. Battle of Buzakha. Battle of Zafar. Battle of Naqra. Muslims defeat Bani Tamim and Mosailima. 633: Muslims take Bahrain, Oman, Yemen, and Hadramaut. Raids in Iraq. Battle of Chains, Battle of Saniyy, Battle of Walaja, Battle of Ullais, Battle of Hira, Battle of Al-Anbar, Battle of Ayn al-Tamr, Battle of Dawmat al-Jandal, Battle of Firaz. 634: 22 August— Death of Abu Bakr, the first caliph of Islam. Umar ibn al-Khattab assumes power as the second caliph. 634: Battle of Bosra, Battle of Damascus, Battle of Ajnadin. Death of Abu Bakr. Battle of Namaraq, Battle of Saqatia. 635: Battle of Bridge, Battle of Buwaib, Conquest of Damascus, Battle of Fahl. 636: Battle of Yarmuk, Battle of al-Qādisiyyah, Conquest of Madain. Naval raid by Muslims on at Tanah, near Mumbai. 637: Conquest of Syria, Conquest of Jerusalem, Battle of Jalula. 638: Conquest of Jazirah. 639: Conquest of Khuzistan. Advance into Egypt. Plague of Emmaus. 640: Battle of Babylon in Egypt. 641: Conquest of Alexandria in Egypt. 642: Battle of Nihawand; Conquest of Egypt. 643: Conquest of Azarbaijan and Tabaristan (Mazandaran). 644: Conquest of Fars, Kerman, Sistan, Mekran and Kharan. 5 November— Umar, the second caliph, is assassinated and buried in the house of Aisha in Medina. Uthman ibn Affan becomes the caliph. 646: Muslims take Khurasan, Armenia and Asia Minor. 647: Muslims take North Africa. Conquest of the island of Cyprus. 648: Muslims battle against the Byzantines. 650: First conflict between Arabs and Turks. Khazars defeated an Arab force led by Abd ar-Rahman ibn Rabiah outside the Khazar town of Balanjar. 652: Disaffection against the rule of Uthman. 655: Naval battle of the Masts against the Byzantines. 656: In the summer a band of tribesmen from Egypt comes to Medina and after unsuccessful negotiations they attack and kill Uthman, the third Caliph. Ali ibn Abi