canal and got involved in Egyptian affairs. 1876: Constitutional monarchy in Ottoman Empire (Turkey)(first phase) 1878: Conference of Berlin. Ottoman Empire loses territories to Russia or Balkan countries 1878: Ottoman Empire handed over Cyprus to Britain. 1879: Jamal al-Din al-Afghani exiled from Egypt. Treaty of Berlin. Ottoman lost 4/5 th of its territory in Europe. 1881: France invaded Tunisia and the Bey acknowledged supremacy of France as a result of the treaty of Bardo. Muhammad Ahmad declared himself Mahdi in northern Sudan. 1882: Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Qadian first claimed to be divinely appointed by God but did not take pledge until 1889. 1882: Egypt came under British military occupation. 1883: Death of Amir Abdul Qadir in Damascus. 1885: Muhammad Ahmad declared free Government of Sudan under his rule. Death of Mahdi Sudani five months after the occupation of Khartoum. 1889: Shah Jahan Mosque opened in Woking (England). 1889: Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Qadian claimed to be the Promised Messiah and Imam Mahdi, laid the foundation of the Ahmadiyya Movement. But majority of Muslims denounced Mirza Ghulam Ahmad as a Heretic and later Parliament of Pakistan declared followers of the Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam as Non-Muslims. 1890: End of the Toucouleur Empire. 1895: Afghanistan got Wakhan Corridor by an understanding with Russia and British India making Afghan border touch China. 1897: State of Bagirimi occupied by the French. 1899: Fall of Muhammad Ahmad's Mahdi State occupied by the British and the Egyptians jointly. By the end of this century, global Muslim population had grown to 13 percent of the total. See also Timeline of Muslim history Birth of Siyyid Mírzá 'Alí-Muhammad known as the Báb His Holiness Báb was born in 1819. 19