Buda and Pest are taken by the Ottomans and Hungary is declared a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire. 1529: Unsuccessful Ottoman siege of Vienna. Mughal Empire 1526: Babur destroys the Delhi Sultanate at the Battle of Panipat, laying the foundation of the Mughal Empire. 1527: Babur annihilates the Rajput Confederacy of Rana Sanga at the Battle of Khanwa, ending the most dangerous threat to Muslim rule in India at the time. 1528: Babur defeats an Afghan army at the Battle of Kannauj. 1529: Babur crushes an Afghan army at the Battle of Ghaghra, ending hopes of a Lodhi restoration. 1530 - 1539 Kazakh Khanate 1530: the First Kazakh Civil War is underway due to the inefficiency of Tahir Khan. 1533: Tahir Khan dies and is quickly succeeded by Ahmed Khan, the 7th ruler of the Kazakh Khanate. 1534: Some nobles dissent in rebellion from Ahmed Khan, refusing to recognize his legitimacy and further prolonging the civil war. 1536: Ahmed Khan dies and is succeeded by Haqnazar Khan. 1538: Haqnazar Khan ends the First Kazakh Civil War and re-consolidates all major Kazakh towns under his rule. Ottoman Empire 1534: Suleiman I conducts a military campaign against Safavid Shah Tahmasp and conquers Van, Baghdad, and Tabriz. 1538: The Ottoman navy under the command of Barbarossa Khayreddin wins a naval victory against a combined Christian fleet at the Battle of Preveza. Algeria 1533: Barbarossa Khayreddin is appointed the Admiral of the Ottoman fleet and governor of Algeria. 1540 - 1549 1550 - 1559 Ottoman Empire 1550: The architect Mimar Sinan builds the Suleiman Mosque in Istanbul. The rise of the Muslim kingdom of Aceh in Sumatra. Khanate of Kazan 1552: The Khanate is conquered by the Tsardom of Russia. Indonesia 1550: Islam spreads to Java, the Maluku Islands, and Borneo. Mughals 1556: Akbar begins his reign of the Mughal empire in India at age 13 with his regent Bairam Khan after winning the Second Battle of Panipat against Hemu. 1560 - 1569 Ottoman Empire 1565: The Ottomans are defeated by the Knights Hospitaller during the Siege of Malta. 1566: The Ottomans gain control of the Aegean islands. 1566: Suleiman I dies and is succeeded by Selim II. Spain 1568: Moriscos revolt during the Alpujarra uprising. 1570 - 1579 Ottoman Empire 1571: The Ottomans are defeated at the naval Battle of Lepanto. Morocco 1578: The Battle of Alcazarquivir at Alcazarquivir in Morocco. King