release in February 1919. It was not until October 1932, in the wake of the success of Halikias' New York recording, which immediately met with great success in Greece, that Markos Vamvakaris made his first recordings with the bouzouki. These recordings marked the real beginning of the bouzouki's recorded career in Greece, a career which continues unbroken to the present day. Other instruments The core instruments of rebetiko, from the mid-1930s onwards, have been the bouzouki, the baglamas and the guitar. Other instruments included accordion, politiki (Constantinopolitan) lyra (sometimes other lyra were used), clarinet, kanonaki, oud, santur, violin and finger-cymbals. Other instruments heard on rebetiko recordings include: double bass, laouto, mandola, mandolin and piano. In some recordings, the sound of clinking glass may be heard. This sound is produced by drawing worry beads () against a fluted drinking glass, originally an ad hoc and supremely effective rhythmic instrument, probably characteristic of teké and taverna milieux, and subsequently adopted in the recording studios. Lyrics Like several other urban subcultural musical forms such as the blues, flamenco, fado, bal-musette and tango, rebetiko grew out of particular urban circumstances. Often its lyrics reflect the harsher realities of a marginalized subculture's lifestyle. Thus one finds themes such as crime, drink, drugs, poverty, prostitution and violence, but also a multitude of themes of relevance to Greek people of any social stratum: death, eroticism, exile, exoticism, disease, love, marriage, matchmaking, the mother figure, war, work, and diverse other everyday matters, both happy and sad. Manos Hatzidakis summarized the key elements in three words with a wide presence in the vocabulary of modern Greek , , and (, , : love, joy, and sorrow). A perhaps over-emphasized theme of rebetiko is the pleasure of using drugs (cocaine, heroin- etc.), but especially hashish. Rebetiko songs emphasizing such matters have come to be called (), although musically speaking they do not differ from the main body of rebetiko songs in any particular way. Culture Rebetiko is closely related with nightlife entertainment: ouzeri, taverna (Greek tavern) and night centres. Rebetiko is also sometimes related with the icon of mangas (, ), which means strong guy that "needs correction", a social group in the Belle Époque era's counterculture of Greece (especially of the great urban centers: Athens, Piraeus, and Thessaloniki). Mangas was a label for men belonging to the working class, behaving in a particularly arrogant/presumptuous way, and dressing with a