applications. Recently a second flooring using folding shelves has been used to aid postal companies. Special steel frames or racks are available in certain container ships and container marshalling yards to hoist swap bodies from topside. All swap bodies are subject to extensive non-destructive (in most cases) testing, some in-house others not, regulated by certifying authorities. Basic standardization is set with Euronorms EN 283, EN 284 and EN 452 for construction and design, as well as EN 13044 for marking and identification. The panel responsible for developing standards is CEN/TC 119. The outcome of this panel has not yet provided any contribution to automation, as handling the swap bodies is a traditional haulage business with truck drivers involved. Swap bodies in Europe are all manufactured to a DIN standard of DIN EN 283. In the United States there are no standard sizes. Demountable Concepts, Inc., however maintains compliance will all applicable cargo securement standards for its swap bodies. See also CargoBeamer Containerization Containerlift Roller container Semi-trailer Sidelifter Tank chassis ULD Notes Shipping containers