in his films, creating an entirely new way of expressing emotion and feeling through the medium of animation. His films are considered important in the evolution of post-war modernism in film. The Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences claim the Hubleys’ films “bucked the establishment and defined an era of independent animation production.” Early life and education Hubley was born on May 21, 1914, at 1212 11th Street (now Shore Drive) in Marinette, Wisconsin. His father, John Raymond Hubley, was a secretary at the John B Goodman Company – a logging company – in Marinette, and his mother, Verena Kirkham Hubley, was a homemaker. Verena's maternal grandfather, Jacob Leisen, was one of the founders of the Leisen & Henes Brewing Company in Menominee, Michigan. The Leisen-Kirkham family were economically stable, allowing Verena's parents to send her to the Art Institute of Chicago, where she studied painting from 1907 to 1909. Verena's father, Richard Archibald Kirkham, was also a painter and one of the earliest photographers in Menominee. Hubley was encouraged at a young age to become an artist by his mother and maternal grandfather. In a 1974 interview, Hubley stated "I used to watch my grandfather when I was a little kid...It was always ordained that I would go to art school as soon as I got out of high school". In 1921, John Raymond Hubley partnered with his cousin Loren O. Robeck opened Robeck & Hubley, a Ford dealership at 1919 Hall Avenue in Marinette. The business was only modestly successful and closed in 1928, the same year the Hubleys left Marinette and moved to Iron Mountain, Michigan. Hubley attended Iron Mountain High School from 1929 to 1932. While a student, Hubley would partake in a wide array of extracurricular activities, including the debate, drama, a capella, basketball, Hi-Y (a male-only group associated with the YMCA), and mathematics clubs. Hubley also wrote for the school's newspaper, The Mountaineer, and from 1930 to 1932 provided the illustrations for the school's yearbook, The Argonaut. While in high school, Hubley worked as a bank cashier in Iron Mountain. In the fall of 1933, Hubley enrolled at the ArtCenter College of Design in Los Angeles, California, to study painting. Unable to support himself, Hubley lived with his aunt, Kathleen Kirkham Woodruff, who had moved to Los Angeles for her film career. Her husband, Harry Woodruff, inspired the character Mr. Magoo. During his