verbs are simply stated with no subject given or implied, even though Esperanto is otherwise not a null subject language:Neĝis hieraŭ. (Esperanto) In the planned logical language Lojban, impersonal verbs simply have no first argument filled and might not have any arguments filled at all:carvi ca lo prulamdei (Lojban) where carvi is a verb meaning x1 rains/showers/[precipitates] to x2 from x3 where x1, x2, x3 are numbered core arguments. Comparison to other linguistic classifications Weather verb Verbs which are used to describe the weather, are often noted to be impersonal verbs in some languages. Some linguists consider the impersonal subject of a weather verb to be a "dummy pronoun", while others have been critical of this interpretation on the basis of their role as objects in the arguments of verb clauses. In Mandarin Chinese, there are weather verbs which may take no subject or object. Impersonal pronoun An impersonal pronoun, or dummy pronoun, lacks a reference; in English, the usual example is "it" when used with an impersonal verb. Some sources classify certain uses of "one" (ex. "what should one say?") or "you" (ex. "you only live once") as "human impersonal pronouns". An impersonal pronoun, when used, serves as an empty placeholder, or "dummy subject", for the sentence. Examples: You would think the inner dome of heaven had fallen. The young comedian was awful; one felt embarrassed for him. If one fails, then one must try harder next time. When the pronoun one is used in the numerical sense (rather than as a dummy pronoun), a different pronoun can be used subsequently to referring to the same entity. We watched as one [of the ospreys] dried its feathers in the sun. One [driver] pulled her car over to the side. Generally, it is not ideal to mix the impersonal pronoun one with another pronoun in the same sentence. If one fails, then he/you must simply try harder. Null objects While the concept of impersonal verbs is closely related to phenomenon of null subjects, null objects have to do with the lack of the obligatory projection of an object position. In FrenchC'est pas lui qui l'a écrit, son livre, le pape, c'est quelqu'un qui lui écrit'' __. The Pope didn't write his book himself, someone writes __ for him. In English Why then do the psychic gifts often seem to tease __, confuse __ and obstruct __? Null objects can be