women and eunuchs (Grosrichard, Goldzink, McAlpin, Starobinski, Delon) or the cultural contrast of Orient and Occident. Key themes Comparative religion Exile Humanism National identity and nationalism Race Reason See also Persian embassy to Louis XIV Jewish Letters Further reading Though the manuscripts from which were set editions A and B have not survived, there are notebooks of corrections and addenda ("Cahiers de corrections") at the Bibliothèque Nationale de France (n. a. fr. 14365): see Edgar Mass, "Les éditions des Lettres persanes," Revue française d’histoire du livre nos. 102–103 (1999), pp. 19–56. The most important modern French editions: Antoine Adam, Genève: Droz, 1954. Jean Starobinski, Paris: Gallimard "Folio," 1973, reprinted in 2003. Paul Vernière, Paris: Classiques Garnier, 1960, reprinted in 1965, 1975, 1992; revised edition by Catherine Volpilhac-Auger, Livre de Poche classique, 2001. Cecil Courtney, Philip Stewart, Catherine Volpilhac-Auger, Pauline Kra, Edgar Mass, Didier Masseau, Œuvres complètes, Oxford: Voltaire Foundation, vol. I, 2004. Critical edition based on the original 1721 edition. Philip Stewart, Paris, Classiques Garnier, 2013. Text of the original 1721 edition. There have been numerous English translations, usually under the title (The) Persian Letters, and based on the posthumous text of 1757: John Ozell, London, 1722. [Thomas] Flloyd, London, 4th edition 1762. Available in Eighteenth Century Collections Online to libraries which subscribe to that series. J. Robert Loy, New York: Meridian Books, 1961. George R Healy, Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1964. C. J. Betts, Harmondsworth and New York: Penguin, 1973. Margaret Mauldon, Oxford University Press, 2008, based on the 1721 edition. Raymond N. MacKenzie, Indianapolis: Hackett, 2014. Stuart D. Warner and Stéphane Douard, South Bend: St. Augustine's Press, 2017. Philip Stewart, Société Montesquieu, 2020, based on the 1721 edition; open access on line . Critical studies: Robert Shackleton, "The Moslem chronology of the Lettres persanes", French Studies 8 (1954), pp. 17–27. Roger Laufer, "La réussite romanesque et la signification des Lettres persanes," Revue d’Histoire Littéraire de la France 61 (1961), pp. 188–203; reprinted in Style rococo, style des Lumières, Paris: Seuil, 1963. Jean Rousset, "Une forme littéraire: le roman par lettres," in Forme et signification, Paris: José Corti, 1962, pp. 65–103. Roger Mercier, "Le roman dans les Lettres persanes: structure et signification," Revue des Sciences Humaines 107 (1962), pp. 345–56. Patrick Brady, "The Lettres persanes: rococo or neo-classical? », Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century 53 (1967), pp. 47–77. Aram Vartanian, "Eroticism and politics in the Lettres persanes," Romanic Review