Airborne qualified (i.e., parachutists). Furthermore, many leadership ranks are commanded by both commissioned and noncommissioned officers that are Ranger qualified. LRS leaders typically graduate from the United States Army Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leaders Course (see link and course list below). LRS soldiers are often graduates of other specialized military courses and training, including: U.S. Army Air Assault Course U.S. Army Jumpmaster Course U.S. Army Military Free Fall Parachutist Course U.S. Army Pathfinder Course U.S. Army Ranger Course U.S. Army Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leaders Course (RSLC)1,2 U.S. Army Special Forces Combat Diver Qualification Course (SFCDQC) U.S. Army Special Forces Sniper Course (SFSC)3 U.S. Army Special Forces Waterborne Infiltration Course (SFWIC) U.S. Army Special Operations Combat Medic (SOCM) U.S. Army Survival, Evasion, Resistance, and Escape (SERE) U.S. Army Sniper Course United States Army LRSUs conduct training exercises and exchange programs with various U.S. allies. In recent years these exercises have included deployments to England, Germany, France, Hungary, and Italy. Combined/Joint training exercises have involved units from Britain’s TA SAS, France's 13e RDP, Belgium's ESR, Italy's 9th Parachute Assault Regiment, and Germany's FSLK200. International Special Training Center (ISTC), which trains NATO Special Operations Forces (SOFs) and similar units in advanced individual patrolling, battlefield medicine, close quarter battle (CQB), sniper, survival, planning, and recognition skills. Established in 1979, ISTC was originally named the International Long-Range Reconnaissance Patrol School (ILRRPS), and was formerly located in Weingarten, Germany before later moving to Pfullendorf, Germany. Formerly: United States Army Long-Range Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leaders Course (LRRSLC) Formerly: United States Army Long-Range Surveillance Leaders Course (LRSLC) Formerly: United States Army Special Operations Target Interdiction Course (SOTIC) See also Company F, 425th Infantry—Michigan NG Ranger and LRS unit FernspähkompanieSpecial unit of the German Bundeswehr similar to LRS Honourable Artillery Company and 4/73 Battery—Similar elements in the British Army Long-range penetration Long-range reconnaissance patrol Long-range surveillance company Long-range surveillance detachment Patruljekompagniet—The only LRS unit of the Danish Armed Forces Citations General and cited sources Long Range Surveillance: True test for ‘quiet professional’ Eyes Behind the Lines: US Army Long-Range Reconnaissance and Surveillance Units US Army Field Manual 7-93 Long-Range Surveillance Unit Operations. (FM 7-93) PDF downloadable version of the US Army’s Long-Range Surveillance Unit Operations Field Manual. (FM 7-93) This manual provides doctrine, tactics, techniques, and procedures on how long-range surveillance units perform combat operations as a part of the Army's new battlefield surveillance brigades. LRSU: Eyes of the Commander