roll consists of alternating sticking (i.e., RLRL, etc.) of indeterminate speed and length. Multiple bounce roll rudiments Double stroke open roll rudiments There are 10 official variants of the double-stroke roll. Diddle rudiments Flam rudiments Drag rudiments Historical organization (NARD Standard 26 American Drum Rudiments of 1933) Thirteen "essential" rudiments Second thirteen rudiments Last fourteen rudiments In 1984, the Percussive Arts Society added 14 more rudiments to extend the list to the current 40 International Snare Drum Rudiments. The ordering was completely changed during this last re-organization. Notable contributors : Field Marshall of the French Army and author Charles Stewart Ashworth: drum major and author, United States Marine Corps Band Samuel Potter: drum major and author, Band of the Coldstream Guards H.C. Hart: drum major and author, 71st New York Infantry George Barrett Bruce: drum major and author, 7th New York Militia, 22nd New York Infantry Regiment, 5th Maryland Infantry Regiment, 69th New York Infantry Regiment. Gardiner A. Strube: drum major and author, Duryeé's Zouaves, 12th Regiment NGSNY. J. Burns Moore: champion drummer, contributor to the 26 rudiments, former president of NARD, New Haven Symphony Orchestra and Governor's Guards William F. Ludwig: contributor to the selection of the standard 26 rudiments, owner of Ludwig Drums Company, former president of NARD George Lawrence Stone: author and teacher, contributor to the selection of the standard 26 rudiments, former president of NARD Charley Wilcoxon: author and teacher Fritz Berger: author and teacher, promoter of Swiss rudiments Frank Arsenault: teacher known for his official recording of The 26 Standard American Drum Rudiments and Selected Solos, former president of NARD John S. Pratt: author, instructor, and arranger, West Point Band, Interstatesmen, Gray Knights, and Hawthorne Caballeros Drum and Bugle Corps, and founder of IATD Marty Hurley: contributor to the PAS 40 rudiments, instructor and arranger, Phantom Regiment Drum and Bugle Corps Mitch Markovich: composer, clinician, former president of NARD, The Cavaliers Drum and Bugle Corps Fred Sanford: contributor to the PAS 40 rudiments, instructor and arranger, Santa Clara Vanguard Drum and Bugle Corps Jay Wanamaker: author, contributor to the PAS 40 rudiments, president Roland Corporation Ralph Hardimon: instructor and arranger, Santa Clara Vanguard Drum and Bugle Corps Claus Heßler: president of Percussion Creativ, contributor to the Rudimental Codex Hybrid rudiments A hybrid drum rudiment is when two rudiments are combined into one rudiment. For example, the PAS #30 Flam Drag is a simple hybrid combining