Deutz AG is a German internal combustion engine manufacturer, based in Porz, Cologne, Germany. History The company was founded by Nicolaus Otto, the inventor of the four-stroke internal combustion engine, and his partner Eugen Langen on 31 March 1864, as N. A. Otto & Cie, later renamed to Gasmotoren-Fabrik Deutz after moving operations in 1869, from Cologne to Deutz, located on the opposite side of the Rhine, also called "the wrong side" in Cologne. In the early years, Otto and Langen were interested only in producing Stationary engines, not Automobiles. The technical director, Gottlieb Daimler, was eager to produce automobiles. In the middle of the 1870s, it was suggested that he transfer to the company's St. Petersburg factory to reduce his influence. He resigned, taking Wilhelm Maybach with him. Deutz also produced agricultural machines such as Combine harvesters and Tractors, as well as Commercial Vehicles such as Trucks and Buses. In 1884, Edouard Sarazin, a Belgian patents Lawyer and Pioneer of automotive engineering, represented 'Gasmotorenfabrik Otto & Langen' (Deutz AG) and acquired the licence to build Deutz engines in France, which he duly contracted to Perin, Panhard & Cie (later Panhard et Levassor) in Paris. Around 1886/1887, he similarly acquired licences to build Daimler engines. His untimely death in 1887, left his widow Louise to develop the business relationships and complete the partnership negotiations. Famous people who have worked for Deutz include Eugen Langen, Nicolaus Otto, Gottlieb Daimler (from 1872 until 1880), Wilhelm Maybach (from 1872 until 1880), Prosper L'Orange (from 1904 until October 1908), Ettore Bugatti (in 1907), and Robert Bosch. During World War II, the company was ordered to produce artillery and operated under the name Klöckner Humboldt Deutz AG (KHD). In 1942, KHD was declared a war model company by the National Socialist German Workers' Front for its "services to the defense economy". In this context, the company relied heavily on the use of forced laborers. In the 1942/1943 financial year, 2127 people, mainly from Western Europe, were forced to work at KHD. In some cases, up to 40 percent of the workers in the plants were forced laborers. The factory was almost destroyed by an air raid on the night of the 3rd and 4th of July 1943 (→ Bombing of Cologne in WW II). From 1892 to 1970, Deutz built locomotives in the power range from 4 HP to 2000 HP; until 1927, with gasoline