The German system (; literally "compartment" or "subject of study", here in the sense of "vocal specialization") is a method of classifying singers, primarily opera singers, according to the range, weight, and color of their voices. It is used worldwide, but primarily in Europe, especially in German-speaking countries and by repertory opera houses. The system is a convenience for singers and opera houses. It prevents singers from being asked to sing roles which they are incapable of performing. Opera companies keep lists of available singers by so that when they are casting roles for an upcoming production, they do not inadvertently contact performers who would be inappropriate for the part. Below is a list of (), their ranges as written on sheet music, and roles generally considered appropriate to each. When two names for the are given, the first is in more common use today. Where possible, an English and/or Italian equivalent of each is listed; however, not all have ready English or Italian equivalents. Note that some roles can be sung by more than one and that many singers do not easily fit into a : for instance some sopranos may sing both and roles. In addition, roles traditionally more difficult to cast may be given to a voice other than the traditional . For instance, the "Queen of the Night" and "Violetta" are more traditionally dramatic coloratura roles, but it is difficult to find a dramatic coloratura to sing it (particularly given the extreme range). Therefore, these roles are often sung by a lyric coloratura. Soprano English equivalent: coloratura soprano or lyric coloratura soprano Range: From about middle C (C4) to the F two-and-a-half octaves above middle C (F6) Description: Usually (but not always) a light soprano who has a high voice. Can often have small voices lacking the richness and resonance of a dramatic soprano. Must be able to do fast acrobatics with easy high notes. Many have extremely high ranges (with notes above the F of the "Queen of the Night"), but there are also singers in this who do not regularly sing higher than the high E6. Roles: Adina, L'elisir d'amore (Gaetano Donizetti) Aminta, Die schweigsame Frau (Richard Strauss) Blonde, Die Entführung aus dem Serail (Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart) Cunegonde, Candide (Leonard Bernstein) Frasquita, Carmen (Bizet) Juliette, Roméo et Juliette (Gounod) Marie, La fille du régiment (Gaetano Donizetti) Olympia, Les contes d'Hoffman (Jacques Offenbach) Oscar, Un