life than the one shown in Golden's novel. The book was published as Geisha, A Life in the US and Geisha of Gion in the UK. Film version In 2005, film director Rob Marshall made a film version of the novel. It stars two Chinese actresses, Zhang Ziyi as Sayuri and Gong Li as Hatsumomo; Malaysian actress Michelle Yeoh as Mameha; and three Japanese actors, Ken Watanabe as the Chairman, Suzuka Ohgo as Sayuri's childhood incarnation Chiyo, and Youki Kudoh as the adult Pumpkin. Filming was primarily done in California, and in some locations in Kyoto, including Kiyomizu-dera and Fushimi Inari-taisha. It was nominated for and won numerous awards, including nominations for six Academy Awards, winning three: Best Cinematography, Best Art Direction, and Best Costume Design. See also Geisha Orientalism Notes References Dalby, Liza. 1983. "Geisha". pp. 54–64 (prostitution); pp. 109–12 ("deflowering" and mizu-age). Golden, Arthur, 1999. Memoirs of a Geisha. G. K. Hall. Iwasaki, Mineko, 2003. Geisha; A Life. Simon & Schuster. McAlpin, Heller, November 30, 1997. "Night Butterflies; Memoirs of a Geisha". Los Angeles Times, p. 8. 1997 American novels American historical novels Novels set in Japan Alfred A. Knopf books American novels adapted into films Novels about Japanese prostitution Novels about geisha Works about women in war 1997 debut novels Japan in non-Japanese culture Race-related controversies in literature