been esteemed by many modern readers as a gem of early Christian apologetics. It has been suggested that the Epistle should be identified with the Apology of Quadratus of Athens, mentioned by Eusebius in his Church History, but this is disputed among scholars (see below). Contents The Epistle has twelve chapters: Chapter I: Occasion of the Epistle. Chapter II: The Vanity of Idols. Chapter III: Superstitions of the Jews. Chapter IV: The Other Observances of the Jews. Chapter V: The Manners of the Christians. Chapter VI: The Relation of Christians to the World. Chapter VII: The Manifestation of Christ. Chapter VIII: The Miserable State of Men Before the Coming of the Word. Chapter IX: Why the Son Was Sent So Late. Chapter X: The Blessings that Will Flow from Faith. Chapter XI: These Things are Worthy to Be Known and Believed. Chapter XII: The Importance of Knowledge to True Spiritual Life. The 10th chapter breaks off in mid thought. When the text resumes, the epistolary style has been abandoned and the final two chapters resemble a peroration. They are often considered to be later additions from the 3rd-century. Some have attributed them to Hippolytus, based on similarities of thought and style. J.B. Lightfoot suggested that the final two chapters may have been written by Pantaenus in the mid-late second century. Possible identification In 1947 Paulus Andriessen suggested that the Epistle to Diognetus is to be identified with the Apology of Quadratus of Athens, mentioned by Eusebius in his Church History. In 1966 Edgar J. Goodspeed wrote that such identification is an ingenious theory, but considered it improbable, also stating that the fragment does not fit the gap. More recently, Michael W. Holmes has called Andriessen's proposal "intriguing": while admitting that Epistle to Diognetus does not contain the only quotation known from Quadratus's work, Holmes defends this identification by noting "there is a gap between 7.6 and 7.7 into which it would fit very well." References Literature Crowe, Brandon D. 2011 "O Sweet Exchange! The Soteriological Significance of the Incarnation in the Epistle to Diognetus." Zeitschrift für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft und die Kunde der älteren Kirche 102, no. 1: 96–109. Foster, Paul 2007. "The Epistle to Diognetus." Expository Times 118, no. 4: 162–68. Jefford, Clayton N. 2013 The Epistle to Diognetus (with Fragments of Quadratus): Introduction, Text and Commentary. ed. by N. Brox, K. Niederwimmer, H. E. Lona, F. R. Prostmeier,