provincial and federal office elections. In 1988 federal election ran in Mississauga East, 2010 municipal election and 2014 municipal election Ran for mayor of Mississauga, 2011 Canadian federal election for Calgary Southeast, 2018 municipal election ran for Mayor of Hamilton, and 2018 general election for Etobicoke Centre. Chile Salvador Allende unsuccessfully ran for the national presidency in the 1952, 1958, and 1964 elections before winning in the 1970 Chilean presidential election. Marco Enríquez-Ominami, Progressive Party (Chile) presidential candidate since the 2009–10 Chilean presidential election. Colombia Horacio Serpa Uribe, three-times Liberal Party's presidential candidate (1998, 2002, 2006). Antanas Mockus, two-times presidential candidate (2006, 2010), one-time vicepresidential candidate (1998). Noemí Sanín, three-times Conservative Party's presidential candidate (1998, 2002, 2010). Álvaro Gómez Hurtado, three times Conservative Party's presidential candidate (1974, 1986, 1990). Enrique Peñalosa, five-times Bogotá's mayor candidate (1994, 1997, 2007, 2011, 2015), one-time senatorial candidate (2006), one-time presidential candidate (2014). Gustavo Petro, three-times presidential candidate (2010, 2018, 2022) Elected in 2022. Sergio Fajardo, two-times presidential candidate (2018, 2022), one-time vice presidential candidate (2010). Regina 11, three-times presidential candidate (1986, 1990, 1994). Costa Rica Otto Guevara, a five-time presidential candidate. Walter Muñoz, a five-time presidential candidate. Máximo Fernández Alvarado, a three-time presidential candidate. Ecuador Álvaro Noboa ran unsuccessfully for president in 1998, 2002, 2006, 2009 and 2013; he attempted to run for president in 2021 but his candidacy was suspended by the electoral authorities due to an alleged violation of registration requirements. Mexico Nicolás Zúñiga y Miranda was a presidential candidate 10 times: 1892, 1896, 1900, 1904, 1910, 1911, 1913, 1917, 1920 and 1924 and also tried to run for a seat in the Congress of Mexico at least twice. The eccentric Zúñiga never got more than a few votes, but always claimed to have been the victim of fraud and considered himself to be the legitimate President. Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas was a presidential candidate three times: 1988, 1994 and 2000, also was elected the first Head of Government of Mexico City in 1997, was the leader of PRD, the left-wing mayor party and was Governor of the state of Michoacan. Andrés Manuel López Obrador ran unsuccessfully for president two times, in 2006 and 2012, before being elected president in 2018. He failed to acknowledge the results of his first presidential loss in 2006, protesting for months in the capital of the country during the aftermath. Paraguay Domingo Laíno ran unsuccessfully for president three