2009: Jess et al. detect torsional Alfvén waves in the structured Sun's chromosphere using the Swedish Solar Telescope. 2011: Alfvén waves are shown to propagate in a liquid metal alloy made of Gallium. 2017: 3D numerical modelling performed by Srivastava et al. show that the high-frequency (12–42 mHz) Alfvén waves detected by the Swedish Solar Telescope can carry substantial energy to heat the Sun's inner corona. 2018: Using spectral imaging observations, non-LTE inversions and magnetic field extrapolations of sunspot atmospheres, Grant et al. found evidence for elliptically-polarized Alfvén waves forming fast-mode shocks in the outer regions of the chromospheric umbral atmosphere. For the first time, these authors provided quantification of the degree of physical heat provided by the dissipation of such Alfvén wave modes. See also Alfvén surface Computational magnetohydrodynamics Electrohydrodynamics Electromagnetic pump Ferrofluid List of plasma physics articles Magnetic flow meter Magnetohydrodynamic turbulence MHD generator MHD sensor Molten salt Plasma stability Shocks and discontinuities (magnetohydrodynamics) References Further reading External links Mysterious Solar Ripples Detected Dave Mosher 2 September 2007 Space.com EurekAlert! notification of 7 December 2007 Science special issue EurekAlert! notification: "Scientists find solution to solar puzzle" Waves in plasmas