of spares or specialized equipment Lost time and overtime Missed connections Morale Reaction by crews leading to disruption of schedule Replacement flights on other carriers Scheduled maintenance Unscheduled maintenance The study concludes that when these indirect costs are added, then the cost of FOD increases by a multiple of up to 10 times. Eurocontrol and the FAA are both studying FOD. Eurocontrol released a preliminary assessment of FOD detection technologies in 2006, while the FAA is conducting trials of the four leading systems from Qinetiq (PVD, Providence T. F. Green Airport), Stratech (ORD, Chicago O'Hare International Airport), Xsight Systems (BOS, Boston Logan International Airport), and Trex Aviation Systems (ORD, Chicago O'Hare Airport) during 2007 and 2008. Results of this study should be published in 2009. References External link Aviation risks