a plate-glass university and have been named after the city: Brighton, Canterbury Christ Church, Coventry, Norwich University of the Arts, Writtle and York St John. Common references Certain aspects of the design of these universities acknowledges the formation of the group; for example, at Sussex the first batches of student residences to be built were named after some of the other new universities, i.e. "Essex House", "Kent House", "Lancaster House", "Norwich House" (for UEA), and "York House". Other universities sometimes referred to as plate glass universities Research at the Department for Education in 2016 categorised universities into four age groups: ancient (pre-1800), red brick (1800–1960), plate glass (1960–1992), and post-1992. The institutions that gained university status in the 1960–1992 plate glass period are listed below. Almost all of these were promoted to university status, rather than created as universities like the institutions in Beloff's original list; ten were previously colleges of advanced technology (CATs). (Dates refer to the granting of university status, not to founding of the institution.) Aston University (1966) – formerly Birmingham CAT University of Bath (1966) – formerly Bristol College of Science and Technology University of Bradford (1966) – formerly Bradford Institute of Technology Brunel University (1966) – formerly Brunel CAT; renamed "Brunel University London" in 2014 University of Buckingham (1983) – formerly University College at Buckingham (from 1973) City University, London (1966) – formerly Northampton CAT; became a college of the University of London and renamed "City, University of London" in 2016 Heriot-Watt University (1966) – formerly School of Arts of Edinburgh Keele University (1962) – formerly North Staffordshire University College Loughborough University (1966) – formerly Loughborough CAT Newcastle University (1963) – formerly King's College, University of Durham Open University (1969) – de novo creation as a distance-learning university University of Salford (1967) – formerly Salford CAT University of Dundee (1969) – formerly Queen's College Dundee, part of the University of St Andrews University of Stirling (1967) – de novo creation as a university University of Strathclyde (1964) – formerly the Royal College of Science and Technology University of Surrey (1966) – formerly Battersea CAT New University of Ulster (1968) – de novo creation as a university; merged with the older Magee University College in 1969; merged with Ulster Polytechnic and renamed "University of Ulster" in 1984 The DfE study classified higher education institutions (HEIs) according to "the length of time an HEI had been established",