bore/stroke ratio which favours high engine speeds. Numerous variations of the 4A design were produced, from basic SOHC 8-valve all the way to DOHC 20-valve versions. The power output also varied greatly between versions, from at 4,800 rpm in the basic California-spec 4A-C to at 6,400 rpm in the supercharged 4A-GZE. 4A, 4A-C, 4A-L, 4A-LC The basic 4A is a SOHC 8 valve carburated engine which produces at 4800 rpm and of torque at 2800 rpm, though the power and torque output figures vary between different regions of the world. in European versions, the combustion chambers were reformulated in early 1986, resulting in an increase of 2 hp ( at 5600 rpm), along with improvements in fuel economy and emissions. North American market engines: 4A-LC 1.6 L I4, 8-valve SOHC, at 4800 rpm 4A-C 1.6 L I4, 8-valve SOHC, at 5200 rpm European (and other) market engines: (excepting Sweden and Switzerland) 4A-L 1.6 L, I4, 8-valve SOHC, at 5600 rpm, and torque at 4000 rpm (compression at 9.0:1) (Indonesia) 4A-L 1.6 L, I4, 8-valve SOHC, at 5600 rpm, and torque at 3600 rpm (compression at 9.3:1) (Europe) Australian/Swiss/Swedish market engines: Australia, Sweden, and Switzerland shared emissions rules for a period in the 1970s and eighties. 4A-LC 1.6 L, I4, 8-valve SOHC, at 5600 rpm Applications AT151 Carina II 1983–1987 (Europe only) AT160 Celica 1985–1989 (excluding Japan) AE71 Corolla 1982–1984 (North America, Australia & South Africa only) AE82/86 Corolla 1983–1987 (excluding Japan) AT151 Corona 1983–1987 (excluding Japan) A60 Daihatsu Charmant 1984-1987 (excluding Japan) Elfin Type 3 Clubman Chevrolet Nova (USA NUMMI rebadged Sprinter) 1985-1988 4A-ELU Fuel injection was added. This increased output to at 5600 rpm and at 4000 rpm. This version is also equipped with Toyota TTC-C catalytic converter. Applications: AT151 Carina 1984–1988 (Japan only) AE82 Corolla 1983–1987 (Japan only) AE82 Sprinter 1983–1987 (Japan only) 4A-F A narrow-valve (22.3°) DOHC 16-valve carburetor-equipped version, the 4A-F, was produced from 1987 through 1990. Output was at 6,000 rpm and at 3,600 rpm (compression at 9.5:1, EU spec). Applications: AT171 Carina II 1987–1992 (Europe only) AE92/95 Corolla 1987–1992 (excluding Japan) AE95 Corolla 1988–1989 (Japan only) AE101 Corolla 1992–1998 (Asia, Africa & Latin-America) AE111 Corolla 1997–2001 (Asia, Africa & Latin-America) AT171/177 Corona 1987–1992 (excluding Japan) AE95 Sprinter 1988–1989 (Japan only) 4A-FE The fuel injected 4A-FE is the successor of the carbureted 4A-F, manufactured from 1987–2001. Toyota designed this engine with fuel economy in mind.