dry AMD. The CNV present in wet AMD is managed with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors. Daily use of an Amsler grid or other home visual monitoring tools can be used to monitor for development of distorted vision, which may be a sign of disease progression. Dietary supplements The age related eye disease studies 1 and 2 (AREDS) showed that those with bilateral early or intermediate AMD, or intermediate AMD in one eye and advanced AMD in the other eye may benefit from specific vitamin and mineral supplementation. The specific vitamins and minerals in AREDS-1 are vitamin C (500 mg), zinc (80 mg), vitamin E (400 IU), copper (2 mg) and beta-carotene (15 mg). In the AREDS-2 formulation, lutein (10 mg) and zeaxanthin (2 mg) replaced beta-carotene due to the risk of lung cancer in smokers taking beta-carotene. These specific micronutrient supplementations were associated with a lower risk of progression to more severe forms of AMD and greater visual acuity at 5 years. There is no evidence that micronutrient supplementation prevents AMD progression in those with severe disease or prevents disease onset in those without AMD. Dry AMD There is no cure for dry AMD. While there is increasing academic and pharmaceutical interest in developing complement inhibitors to treat ophthalmic inflammation, with several clinical trials underway for dry AMD, the first such agent to complete Phase 3 trials in AMD (the anti-factor D agent, lampalizumab) did not significantly improve the rate of disease progression. Nevertheless, strategies targeting different aspects of the complement system are ongoing. Wet AMD Ranibizumab, aflibercept, brolucizumab and faricimab are approved VEGF inhibitors for the treatment of CNV in wet AMD. All three drugs are administered via intravitreal injection, meaning they are injected directly into the eye. Bevacizumab is another VEGF inhibitor that has been shown to have similar efficacy and safety as the previous two drugs, however, is not currently indicated for AMD. AMD can also be treated with laser coagulation therapy. A randomized control trial found that bevacizumab and ranibizumab had similar efficacy, and reported no significant increase in adverse events with bevacizumab. A 2014 Cochrane review found that the systemic safety of bevacizumab and ranibizumab are similar when used to treat neovascular AMD, except for gastrointestinal disorders. Bevacizumab however is not FDA approved for treatment of macular degeneration. A controversy in the UK involved the off-label use of cheaper bevacizumab over the approved,