Earthworks Project published "New Radiocarbon Dates Suggest Serpent Mound is More Than 2,000 Years Old" (July 2014). This provided evidence supporting attribution of the mound to the Adena peoples around 300 BCE (2300 years ago). The article refers to radiocarbon data, which was published later in an October 2014 article in The Journal of Archaeological Science. These scholars also conclude that the mound was renovated around 1400 CE by Fort Ancient peoples. In 2019, Monaghan and Hermann published additional research in an article in The Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology that supports their earlier conclusions. They corroborated the 2014 research, and refined the radiocarbon dates. Monaghan and Hermann determined that the mound was built around 2,100–2,300 years ago (300-100 BCE) during the Adena period. It was subsequently rebuilt (or repaired) about 900 years ago (1100 CE) during the Fort Ancient period. In 2018 archaeologist Brad Lepper published a response questioning the attribution of construction to the Adena culture. Lepper et al. pointed out that the dates obtained by Herrmann and Romain are of poor quality. The material the team dated is not charcoal, but “organic sediment” (Herrman et al 2014:119). Moreover, the samples were obtained from soil cores and not an exposed stratigraphic profile, so the resulting dates are known to be problematic. Henriksen et al (2019) have demonstrated that such dates can be as much as 3,000 years older than the actual age of a mound. Moreover, the Adena culture is not known to have built effigy mounds or to have used serpent symbolism in their art, whereas the Fort Ancient built Ohio’s Alligator Mound and frequently depicted serpents in their art. Therefore, the best available data indicate that Serpent Mound was built by the Fort Ancient culture. The Serpent Mound at Rice Lake in Peterborough County, Ontario, Canada, has been dated to more than 2,000 years old. It has also been linked to the Adena culture. It is a Middle Woodland Hopewell burial mound in a zigzag share that may or may not have been intended to depict a serpent (Oberholtzer 2013:163). Prehistory of Ohio Several groups of Paleo-Indians (13000 BCE–7000 BCE) occupied the land in Ohio prior to the development of the Adena and Hopewell cultures. Evidence shows that numerous groups of Paleo-Indians occupied the land in Ohio and ranged throughout the territory. They were hunter-gatherers who traveled seasonally for game. The Paleo-Indians hunted large game such as