how advances are split between those seeking a completely mapped brain by utilizing single neuron imaging and those utilizing images of brains as subjects perform various high-level tasks. Single neuron imaging (SNI) uses a combination of genetic engineering and optical imaging techniques to insert tiny electrodes into the brain for the purpose of measuring a single neuron's firing. Due to its damaging repercussions, this technique has only been used on animals, but it has shed a lot of light on basic emotional and motivational processes. The goal of studies in higher-level activities is to determine how a network of brain areas collaborates to perform each task. This higher-level imaging is much easier to do because researchers can easily use subjects who have a disease such as Alzheimer's. The SNI technology seems to be going after the possibility for AI while the network-probing technology seems to be more for medical purposes. References Ball, Philip. "Brain Imaging Explained." Online at http://www.nature.com/nsu/010712/010712-13.html Beaumont, J. Graham. Introduction to Neuropsychology. New York: The Guilford Press, 1983. 314 pages. Changeux, Jean-Pierre. Neuronal Man: The Biology of Mind. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985. 348 pages. Donoghue, John P. "Connecting Cortex to Machines: Recent Advance in Brain Interfaces." Online at http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/neuro/journal/v5/n11s/full/nn947.html Hook, C. Christopher. "The Techno Sapiens are Coming." Online at www.Christianitytoday.com/ct/2004/001/1.36.html Jeeves, Malcolm. Mind Fields: Reflections on the Science of Mind and Brain. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 1994. 141 pages. Johnson, Keith A. "Neuroimaging Primer." Online at http://www.med.harvard.edu/AANLIB/hms1.html Leventon, Michael. "Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation." In association with MIT AI Lab. Online at http://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/medical-vision/surgery/tms.html Lister, Richard G. and Herbert J. Weingartner. Perspectives on Cognitive Neuroscience. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991. 508 pages. Mattson, James and Merrill Simon. The Pioneers of NMR and Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. United States: Dean Books Company, 1996. 838 pages. Nilsson, Lars-Goran and Hans J. Markowitsch. Cognitive Neuroscience of Memory. Seattle: Hogrefe & Huber Publishers, 1999. 307 pages. Norman, Donald A. Perspectives on Cognitive Science. New Jersey: Ablex Publishing Corporation, 1981. 303 pages. Preuss, Paul. "Detection at a Distance for More Sensitive MRI." Online at http://www.lbl.gov/Science-Articles/Archive/MSD-remote-detection-MRI.html Rapp, Brenda. The Handbook of Cognitive Neuropsychology. Ann Arbor, MI: Psychology Press, 2001. 652 pages. Romain, Gabe. "Brain Imaging Breakthrough for Alzheimer s." Last edited 1/23/2004. Online at https://web.archive.org/web/20041208120231/http://www.betterhumans.com/News/news.aspx?articleID=2004-01-23-4 Schulder, Michael. "Functional Image-Guided Surgery for Brain Tumors." Online at http://www.virtualtrials.com/Schulder.cfm Sheffield Hallam University, School of Science and Mathematics. "Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy." Online at http://www.shu.ac.uk/schools/sci/chem/tutorials/molspec/nmr1.htm Shorey,