Krugman, 2008 Finn E. Kydland, 2004 Edward C. Prescott, 2004 Robert F. Engle, 2003 George Akerlof, 2001 Joseph Stiglitz, 2001 James Heckman, 2000 Daniel McFadden, 2000 Robert C. Merton, 1997 Myron Scholes, 1997 Robert Lucas Jr., 1995 Robert Fogel, 1993 Gary Becker, 1992 George Stigler, 1982 Theodore Schultz, 1979 Milton Friedman, 1976 Wassily Leontief, 1973 Simon Kuznets, 1971 Council of Economic Advisers (CEA) Chairs (In descending chronological order) Cecilia Rouse (2021–present) Alan Krueger (2011–2013) Austan Goolsbee (2010–2011) Christina Romer (2009–2010) Edward Lazear (2006–2009) Ben Bernanke (2005–2006) Harvey S. Rosen (2005) Greg Mankiw (2003–2005) Glenn Hubbard (2001–2003) Janet Yellen (1997–1999) Joseph Stiglitz (1995–1997) Michael Boskin (1989–1993) Martin Feldstein (1982–1984) Arthur F. Burns (1953–1956) Other notable members (In alphabetical order by last name) Daron Acemoglu Alberto Alesina Robert Barro Aaron Edlin John Lipsky Francis Longstaff Alan Marcus James A. Robinson Richard N. Rosett Anna Schwartz Eduardo Schwartz Andrei Shleifer Richard Zeckhauser Funding According to the NBER, they are funded by grants from government agencies, private foundations, by corporate and individual contributions, and by income from the NBER's investment portfolio. The largest donators currently are the National Institute of Health, the National Science Foundation, the Social Security Administration, and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. In 2015, NBER's annual revenue was about $33 million. Policy impact In a 2010 report by the University of Pennsylvania, the NBER was ranked as the second most influential domestic economic policy think tank (the first was the Brookings Institution). Recession markers The NBER is also known for its start and end dates of US recessions. The NBER is claimed by some to serve the role as an arbiter of whether the U.S. is in a recession or not. The origins of this role can be traced to the 1960s when the Commerce Department began publishing a digest that relied on NBER's analysis of the business cycle. The recession markers are made by the Business Cycle Dating Committee, whose eight members are selected by the president of the NBER. The eight members tend to be highly distinguished economists. The committee's meetings are held on the third floor of NBER's headquarters. The meetings are neither publicized nor on a fixed schedule. The board's decisions are not always unanimous, but the disagreements within the committee tend not to be about the presence of a recession; rather they are about the specific start and end points of the recession. The NBER uses