equal to 216 denga coins (each weighted about 0.8 gram). The grivna of kuna became simply grivna and was equal to 14 dengas. Thus one ruble was equal to 15 new grivnas and 6 denga coins. The weight of a denga coin in Moscow and Novgorod was different. In the 15th century the Moscow denga fell as low as 0.4 gram, while the Novgorod denga remained the same. When in Moscow one ruble had been revalued to 200 denga coins, the exchange rate between Moscow and Novgorod denga coins was set to 2 to 1. Thus since the later 15th – the early 16th centuries one account ruble was equal to 100 Novgorod dengas (later known as kopeks) or to 200 Moscow dengas. In this system one grivna was equal to 10 kopeks or 20 dengas. This last meaning survived into the 18th–20th centuries when one grivennik or grivenka meant a 10-kopek coin. Weight The grivna as a silver bullion currency did not survive, but its meaning as a unit of weight became predominant. In 15th–17th centuries there were two weight grivnas (or grivenkas): the "lesser grivna" of and the "greater grivna'''" of . Since the middle of the 17th century the latter became known as the Russian pound (Фунт, funt''). 40 Russian pounds or 80 lesser grivnas (grivenkas) are equal to one pood. See also Obsolete Russian units of measurement Manilla History of Ukrainian hryvnia References Further reading Units of mass Obsolete units of measurement Medieval currencies Society of Kievan Rus'