developed to cover most aspects of open science. Since 2021 the workshop series is named the Geneva Workshop on Innovations in Scholarly Communication, with the nick name OAI reflecting its origin. Uses Some commercial search engines use OAI-PMH to acquire more resources. Google initially included support for OAI-PMH when launching sitemaps, however decided to support only the standard XML Sitemaps format in May 2008. In 2004, Yahoo! acquired content from OAIster (University of Michigan) that was obtained through metadata harvesting with OAI-PMH. Wikimedia uses an OAI-PMH repository to provide feeds of Wikipedia and related site updates for search engines and other bulk analysis/republishing endeavors. Especially when dealing with thousands of files being harvested every day, OAI-PMH can help in reducing the network traffic and other resource usage by doing incremental harvesting. NASA's Mercury metadata search system uses OAI-PMH to index thousands of metadata records from Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) every day. The mod_oai project is using OAI-PMH to expose content to web crawlers that is accessible from Apache Web servers. OAI-PMH has later been applied to sharing of scientific data. Software OAI-PMH is based on a client–server architecture, in which "harvesters" request information on updated records from "repositories". Requests for data can be based on a datestamp range, and can be restricted to named sets defined by the provider. Data providers are required to provide XML metadata in Dublin Core format, and may also provide it in other XML formats. A number of software systems support the OAI-PMH, including Fedora, EThOS from the British Library, GNU EPrints from the University of Southampton, Open Journal Systems from the Public Knowledge Project, Desire2Learn, DSpace from MIT, HyperJournal from the University of Pisa, Digibib from Digibis, MyCoRe, Koha, Primo, DigiTool, Rosetta and MetaLib from Ex Libris, ArchivalWare from PTFS, DOOR from the eLab in Lugano, Switzerland, panFMP from the PANGAEA (data library), SimpleDL from Roaring Development, and jOAI from the National Center for Atmospheric Research. Archives A number of large archives support the protocol including arXiv and the CERN Document Server. See also Data format management Digital curation Digital preservation File format Dublin Core, an ISO metadata standard National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program (NDIIPP) National Digital Library Program (NDLP) Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS) maintained by the Library of Congress Preservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies (PREMIS) LOCKSS Search as a service Web archiving Object Reuse and Exchange (OAI-ORE) Geneva Workshop