languages. A big driving philosophy was programmer productivity. Many "rapid application development" (RAD) languages emerged, which usually came with an IDE, garbage collection, and were descendants of older languages. All such languages were object-oriented. These included Object Pascal, Objective Caml, Visual Basic, and Java. Java in particular received much attention. More radical and innovative than the RAD languages were the new scripting languages. These did not directly descend from other languages and featured new syntaxes and more liberal incorporation of features. Many consider these scripting languages to be more productive than even the RAD languages, but often because of choices that make small programs simpler but large programs more difficult to write and maintain. Nevertheless, scripting languages came to be the most prominent ones used in connection with the Web. Some notable languages that were developed in this period include: 1990 – Haskell 1990 – Python 1991 – Visual Basic 1993 – Lua 1993 – R 1994 – CLOS (part of ANSI Common Lisp) 1995 – Ruby 1995 – Ada 95 1995 – Java 1995 – JavaScript 1995 – PHP 1996 – OCaml 1997 – Rebol Current trends Programming language evolution continues, in both industry and research. Some of the recent trends have included: Increasing support for functional programming in mainstream languages used commercially, including pure functional programming for making code easier to reason about and easier to parallelize (at both micro- and macro- levels) Constructs to support concurrent and distributed programming. Mechanisms for adding security and reliability verification to the language: extended static checking, dependent typing, information flow control, static thread safety. Alternative mechanisms for composability and modularity: mixins, traits, typeclasses, delegates, aspects. Component-oriented software development. Metaprogramming, reflection or access to the abstract syntax tree AOP or Aspect Oriented Programming allowing developers to insert code in another module or class at "join points" Domain specific languages and code generation XML for graphical interface (XUL, XAML) Increased interest in distribution and mobility. Integration with databases, including XML and relational databases. Open source as a developmental philosophy for languages, including the GNU Compiler Collection and languages such as PHP, Python, Ruby, and Scala. More interest in visual programming languages like Scratch, LabVIEW and PWCT Massively parallel languages for GPU graphics processing units and supercomputer arrays, including OpenCL Early research into quantum computing programming languages (see list) Early research in applying Artificial Intelligence techniques to generate code using AI like using GPT-3