mastodon. Archaeologists have found remains of more 150 mastodons in Ohio, as well as the remains of other large game. The most complete mastodon skeleton was excavated at the Burning Tree Mastodon site. Clovis point spear heads have been found that indicate interaction with other groups of Paleo-Indians who also hunted large game. The Paleo Crossing site and Nobles Pond site tools, such as spear-throwers, were more sophisticated. Base camps were established for winter lodging. The Glacial Kame culture, a late Archaic group, traded for sea shell and copper with other groups. These materials were used for objects that were a sign of prestige within the group, carried by respected healers and hunters. The objects were buried with their owners. Following the ancient Paleo-Indians, the Woodland Period (800 BCE–1200 CE) of the Post-Archaic Period is known for its rich ritual and artistic life and well-developed villages. The Woodland Period is well known as a period in which cultures built earthworks and mounds. They are believed to have been related to religious practices as some mounds were used for burials. Along with hunting and gathering, cultures of this period (usually the women) began to cultivate crops such as maize, squash and beans. The Adena and Hopewell cultures flourished during the Early and Middle Woodland periods, and the addition of crops enabled the population of the Woodland people to expand dramatically. Several groups of the Woodland people lived in larger villages, surrounded by defensive walls or ditches. Ceremonial and artistic endeavors waned during the Late Woodland period, as well as trading with other groups. Many of the earthworks and effigy mounds were built early in this period. Later the cultures did not build new mounds. During the late prehistoric period (900 CE–1650 CE), the villages of such cultures as the Adena and the Fort Ancient peoples were much larger. These villages were often built on a higher ground near a river, commonly surrounded by a wooden stockade. After a long hiatus, some cultures had begun to build earthworks and effigy mounds, but not as frequently as during the Woodland period. Cultures of the Midwest Adena culture The Adena culture consisted of the pre-contact Native Americans who lived throughout the midwest in the areas that would become the states of Kentucky, Indiana, Pennsylvania, West Virginia and, most predominantly, Ohio. The majority of these peoples inhabited the Scioto River and Hocking valleys in southern