the progressive form of chronic liver diseases. The term “bridging” means ‘the formation of “bridge” (by the band of mature & thick fibrous tissue) obliterating portal area to central vein’, leads to the formation of pseudolobules. Long-term exposure to hepatotoxin (e.g. thioacetamide, carbon tetrachloride, diethylnitrosamine) results in the bridging fibrosis in experimental animal models. Senescence of hepatic stellate cells could prevent progression of liver fibrosis, although this has not been implemented as a therapy, and would carry the risk of hepatic dysfunction. Cirrhosis Kidney CYR61 induction of cellular senescence in the kidney is a potential therapy to limit fibrosis. Brain Glial scar Heart Myocardial fibrosis has mainly two forms: Interstitial fibrosis, which has been described in congestive heart failure, hypertension, and normal aging. Replacement fibrosis, which indicates an older myocardial infarction. Other Arterial stiffness Arthrofibrosis (knee, shoulder, other joints) Chronic kidney disease Crohn's disease (intestine) Dupuytren's contracture (hands, fingers) Keloid (skin) Mediastinal fibrosis (soft tissue of the mediastinum) Myelofibrosis (bone marrow) Peyronie's disease (penis) Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (skin) Progressive massive fibrosis (lungs); a complication of coal workers' pneumoconiosis Retroperitoneal fibrosis (soft tissue of the retroperitoneum) Scleroderma/systemic sclerosis (skin, lungs) Some forms of adhesive capsulitis (shoulder) References External links Symptoms and signs Medical terminology Rheumatology Scarring