of orthodontics, organized the American Society of Orthodontia in 1901 which became the American Association of Orthodontists (AAO) in the 1930s, and founded the first orthodontic journal in 1907. Other innovations in orthodontics in the late 19th and early 20th centuries included the first textbook on orthodontics for children, published by J.J. Guilford in 1889, and the use of rubber elastics, pioneered by Calvin S. Case, along with Henry Albert Baker. Today, space age wires (also known as dental arch wires) are used to tighten braces. In 1959, the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) made an alloy of nickel and titanium called Nitinol to be utilized for solar panels and antennae on their satellites. In 1979, Dr. George Andreasen developed a new method of fixing braces with the use of the Nitinol wires because they had super-elasticity. Andreasen used the wire on some patients and later found out that he could use it for the entire treatment. Andreasen then began using the nitinol wires for all his treatments and as a result, dental doctor visits were reduced, cost for dental treatment was reduced, and patients reported less discomfort. See also Mandibular advancement splint Oral and maxillofacial surgery Orthognathic surgery Prosthodontics Trismus Dental implant References External links Useful Resources: FAQ and Downloadable eBooks at Orthodontics Australia Orthos Explain: Treatment Options at Orthodontics Australia Dental equipment Orthodontic appliances