The Toyota A Series engines are a family of inline-four internal combustion engines with displacement from 1.3 L to 1.8 L produced by Toyota Motor Corporation. The series has cast iron engine blocks and aluminum cylinder heads. To make the engine as short as possible, the cylinders are siamesed. The development of the series began in the late 1970s, when Toyota wanted to develop a completely new engine for the Toyota Tercel, the successor of Toyota's K engine. The goal was to achieve good fuel efficiency and performance as well as low emissions with a modern design. The A-series includes one of the first Japanese mass-production DOHC, four-valve-per-cylinder engines, the 4A-GE, and a later version of the same engine was one of the first production five-valve-per-cylinder engines. Toyota joint venture partner Tianjin FAW Xiali produces the 1.3 L 8A and resumed production of the 5A in 2007. 1A The 1.5 L 1A was produced between 1978 and 1980. All variants were belt-driven 8-valve counter-flow SOHC engines with a single, twin-barrel downdraft carburetor. It used Toyota's Turbulence Generating Pot (TGP) lean combustion system to meet Japanese emissions standards at the time with only an oxidation (2-way) catalyst. The 1A engine was only long. 1A-C Applications: AL10 Tercel 1A-U Using Toyota two-way catalyst. Output: at 5,600 rpm and at 3,600 rpm (compression at 9.0:1) Applications: AL10 Tercel/Corsa (Japan only) 2A The 1.3 L 2A was produced from 1979 through 1989. 2A engines in 1982 onwards AL20 Tercels have a slightly different valve cover and timing belt cover than early AL11 Tercels, as well as an automatic choke, and automatically controlled hot air intake (HAI) system. It also has higher compression ratio, and reformulated combustion chambers to improve the fuel economy and emissions. All variants used belt-driven SOHC eight-valve counter-flow cylinder heads with a single downdraft carburetor. 2A, 2A-L, 2A-LC Output: at 6,000 rpm and at 3,800 rpm (compression at 9.3:1) Applications: AE80 Corolla 1983–1985 (excluding Japan, 2A-LC in Australia) AL11 Tercel 1979–1982 (excluding Japan and North America) AL20 Tercel 1982–1984 (excluding Japan and North America) 2A-U, 2A-LU Using Toyota TTC-C catalytic converter. Output: at 6,000 rpm and at 3,600 rpm (compression at 9.3:1) Applications: AE80 Corolla 1983–1985 (Japan only) AL20 Corolla II 1982–1986 (Japan only) AL11 Corsa (Japan only) AL20 Corsa 1982–1989 (Japan only) AE80 Sprinter 1983–1985 (Japan only) AL11 Tercel AL20 Tercel 1982–1989 (Japan only) 3A The 1.5 L 3A was