below low C (E2) to the F above middle C (F4) Basso cantante means 'singing bass'. / Dramatic bass-baritone / High dramatic bass English equivalent: dramatic bass-baritone Range: From about the E below low C (E2) to the F above middle C (F4) English equivalent: young bass Range: From about the E below low C (E2) to the F above middle C (F4) Description: A young man (regardless of the age of the singer). / Bassbuffo / Lyric buffo English equivalent: lyric comic bass Range: From about the E half an octave below low C (E2) to the F above middle C (F4) Roles: Don Alfonso, Così fan tutte (Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart) Don Pasquale, Don Pasquale (Gaetano Donizetti) Dottor Dulcamara, L'elisir d'amore (Gaetano Donizetti) Don Bartolo, Il barbiere di Siviglia (Gioachino Rossini) Don Magnifico, La Cenerentola (Gioachino Rossini) Leporello, Don Giovanni (Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart) The Sacristan Tosca (Giacomo Puccini) / Dramatic buffo English equivalent: dramatic comic bass Range: From about the C two octaves below middle C (C2) to the F above middle C (F4) Roles: Baron Ochs auf Lerchenau, Der Rosenkavalier (Richard Strauss) Daland, Der fliegende Holländer (Richard Wagner) Méphistophélès, Faust (Charles Gounod) English equivalent: low bass. Italian: basso profondo. Range: From about the C two octaves below middle C (C2) to the F above middle C (F4) Basso profondo is the lowest bass voice type. According to J. B. Steane in Voices, Singers, and Critics, the basso profondo voice "derives from a method of tone-production that eliminates the more Italian quick vibrato. In its place is a kind of tonal solidity, a wall-like front, which may nevertheless prove susceptible to the other kind of vibrato, the slow beat or dreaded wobble." Roles: Don Bartolo, Le nozze di Figaro (Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart) Fiesco, Simon Boccanegra (Giuseppe Verdi) Padre Guardiano, La forza del destino (Giuseppe Verdi) Pimen, Boris Godunov (Modest Mussorgsky) Rocco, Fidelio (Ludwig van Beethoven) Sarastro, Die Zauberflöte (Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart) Sir Morosus, Die schweigsame Frau (Richard Strauss) Sparafucile, Rigoletto (Giuseppe Verdi) English equivalent: dramatic low bass. Dramatic basso profundo is a powerful basso profundo voice. Range: From about the C two octaves below middle C (C2) to the F above middle C (F4) Roles: Il Commendatore (Don Pedro), Don Giovanni (Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart) Fafner, Das Rheingold, Siegfried (Richard Wagner) The Grand Inquisitor, Don Carlos (Giuseppe Verdi) Gurnemanz, Titurel, Parsifal (Richard Wagner) Heinrich, Lohengrin (Richard Wagner) Marke, Tristan und