franchise was granted to a group of developers who passed the franchise onto another group. The proposal languished until the turn of the century. In 1903, a tunnel was finally built above the present location of the Caldecott Tunnel, near the top of Temescal Canyon, the next canyon south of Claremont Canyon. This tunnel was approached by a new road dubbed "Tunnel Road" which started at the top of Ashby Avenue in Berkeley. The west end of the tunnel was at about while the east end of the tunnel is now in private property owned by the East Bay Regional Park District, on the former site of the Canary Cafe. This tunnel was dedicated as the "Inter-County Tunnel", later called the "Kennedy Tunnel". The tunnel was very narrow and arched, such that two tall buggies could not pass each other. A system of lighting a small fire with a newspaper was used to control this one-way traffic. The tunnel height was increased in 1915 by 3 feet to accommodate larger vehicles. When the new Caldecott tunnel was completed, the Kennedy tunnel was used mostly by pedestrians until it was sealed in 1947. Original twin bores In November 1926, the Counties of Alameda and Contra Costa, and the City of Oakland agreed to the construction of a new tunnel through the Berkeley Hills to replace the old, decrepit and increasingly inadequate existing tunnel. In 1929, Alameda and Contra Costa County formed Joint Highway District 13 to accomplish this goal. Surveys and preliminary work on the approaches began in 1931. On June 17, 1934, construction of the first two bores of the Caldecott Tunnel began. They were completed in 1937, and opened to traffic on December 5 of that year. They were originally known as the Broadway Low Level Tunnel (commonly shortened to Broadway Tunnel), since the approach was from the top of Broadway in Oakland, and was below the portal of the old tunnel. However, access from Ashby Avenue was retained as it was designated the connecting thoroughfare from the Eastshore Highway (now Freeway) and the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge, and dubbed State Highway 24. The approach to the east portal on the other side of the Berkeley Hills was via Mount Diablo Boulevard, also at that time part of State Highway 24. In 1960, the Broadway Low Level Tunnel was renamed, becoming the Caldecott Tunnel. Third bore and traffic reversal