across several locations on the hard disk and collect the fragments into one contiguous area. Disk formatters prepare a data storage device such as a hard disk, solid-state drive, floppy disk or USB flash drive for initial use. These are often used to permanently erase an entire device. Disk partition editors divide an individual drive into multiple logical drives, each with its own file system which can be mounted by the operating system and treated as an individual drive. Disk space analyzers provide a visualization of disk space usage by getting the size for each folder (including sub folders) and files in folder or drive. showing the distribution of the used space. Tape initializers write a label to a magnetic tape or other magnetic medium. Initializers for DECtape formatted the tape into blocks. File management utilities Archivers output a stream or a single file when provided with a directory or a set of files. Archive suites may include compression and encryption capabilities. Some archive utilities have a separate un-archive utility for the reverse operation. One nearly universal type of archive file format is the zip file. Cryptographic utilities encrypt and decrypt streams and files. Data compression utilities output a shorter stream or a smaller file when provided with a stream or file. Data conversion utilities transform data from a source file to some other format, such as from a text file to a PDF document. Data recovery utilities are used to rescue good data from corrupted files. Data synchronization utilities establish consistency among data from a source to a target data storage and vice versa. There are several branches of this type of utility: File synchronization utilities maintain consistency between two sources. They may be used to create redundancy or backup copies but are also used to help users carry their digital music, photos and video in their mobile devices. Revision control utilities can recreate a coherent structure where multiple users simultaneously modify the same file. Disk cleaners find files that are unnecessary to computer operation, or take up considerable amounts of space. File comparison utilities provide a standalone capability to detect differences between files. File managers provide a convenient method of performing routine data management, email recovery and management tasks, such as deleting, renaming, cataloging, uncataloging, moving, copying, merging, setting write protection status, setting file access permissions, generating and modifying folders and data sets. Miscellaneous utilities Data generators (e.g.