shipping service from the manufacturer to the door of the recipient. Terms of shipment The Incoterms (or International Commercial Terms) published by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) are accepted by governments, legal authorities, and practitioners worldwide for the interpretation of the most commonly used terms in international trade. Common terms include: Free on Board (FOB) Cost and Freight (CFR, C&F, CNF) Cost, Insurance and Freight (CIF) The term "best way" generally implies that the shipper will choose the carrier who offers the lowest rate (to the shipper) for the shipment. In some cases, however, other factors, such as better insurance or faster transit time will cause the shipper to choose an option other than the lowest bidder. Door-to-door shipping Door-to-door (DTD or D2D) shipping refers to the domestic or international shipment of cargo from the point of origin (POI) to the destination while generally remaining on the same piece of equipment and avoiding multiple transactions, transloading, and cross-docking without interim storage. International DTD is a service provided by many international shipping companies and may feature intermodal freight transport using containerized cargo. The quoted price of this service includes all shipping, handling, import and customs duties, making it a hassle-free option for customers to import goods from one jurisdiction to another. This is compared to standard shipping, the price of which typically includes only the expenses incurred by the shipping company in transferring the object from one place to another. Customs fees, import taxes and other tariffs may contribute substantially to this base price before the item ever arrives. See also Affreightment Automatic Identification System Mid-stream operation Outline of transport Ship transport Rail transport Transshipment Greek shipping Chinese shipping Environmental issues with shipping List of cargo types Right of way (shipping) Shipping markets Full container load (FCL) Less than container load (LCL) References Citations External links Schreiber, Zvi 2016: The Year Freight Goes Online. December 2015 Humplik, Carmen Winds of change in freight transportation supply chain: Platooning technology. July 2017 Bloomberg.com First Cryptocurrency Freight Deal Takes Russian Wheat to Turkey. January 2018 Economic globalization Intermodal containers Merchant navy