of the written Spanish and Portuguese languages is remarkably high, and the at times variance of the spoken forms are based more on the phonology than on grammatical and lexical usage. Ethnologue gives estimates of the lexical similarity between related languages in terms of precise percentages. For Spanish and Portuguese, that figure is 89%. Italian, on the other hand is phonologically similar to Spanish, but has a lower lexical and grammatical similarity of 82%. Mutual intelligibility between Spanish and French or between Spanish and Romanian is lower still, given lexical similarity ratings of 75% and 71% respectively. Comprehension of Spanish by French speakers who have not studied the language is much lower, at an estimated 45%. In general, thanks to the common features of the writing systems of the Romance languages, interlingual comprehension of the written word is greater than that of oral communication. The Spanish vocabulary has been influenced by several languages: As in other European languages, Classical Greek words (Hellenisms) are abundant in several fields, mainly in Art, Science, Politics, Nature, etc. Its vocabulary has also been influenced by Arabic, having developed during the Al-Andalus era in the Iberian Peninsula, with around 8% of its vocabulary having Arabic lexical roots. It has also been influenced by Basque, Iberian, Celtiberian, Visigothic, and other neighboring Ibero-Romance languages. Additionally, it has absorbed vocabulary from other languages, particularly other Romance languages such as French, Latin, Mozarabic, Portuguese, Galician, Catalan, Occitan, and Sardinian, as well as from Quechua, Nahuatl, and other indigenous languages of the Americas. The following table compares the forms of some common words in several Romance languages: 1. In Romance etymology, Latin terms are given in the Accusative since most forms derive from this case. 2. As in "us very selves", an emphatic expression. 3. Also in early modern Portuguese (e.g. The Lusiads), and in Galician. 4. Alternatively in French. 5. in many Southern Italian dialects and languages. 6. Medieval Catalan (e.g. Llibre dels fets). 7. Modified with the learned suffix -ción. 8. Depending on the written norm used (see Reintegrationism). 9. From Basque esku, "hand" + erdi, "half, incomplete". Notice that this negative meaning also applies for Latin sinistra(m) ("dark, unfortunate"). 10. Romanian caș (from Latin ) means a type of cheese. The universal term for cheese in Romanian is brânză (from unknown etymology). Judaeo-Spanish Judaeo-Spanish, also known as Ladino, is a variety of Spanish which preserves many features