how she came to be appointed "spiritual advisor" by the Subud International Congress. Committees Most Subud groups have a committee, typically including a chairperson, vice-chair, treasurer and secretary. This committee is responsible for making sure there is a place to do group latihan, communications, budgets, and supporting the mutual efforts of members at the local group. A similar structure functions at the regional (in certain countries), national, zonal and international levels. The international executive is the International Subud Committee (ISC). Apart from ensuring communication, publishing, budgeting, archives and support of affiliates, it organizes a World Congress every four years. The ISC chairperson sits on the World Subud Council. For purposes of a practical organizational structure, the Subud association is divided into nine multinational zones, more or less as follows: Zones 1 & 2 – Australasia and Asia Zone 3 – includes 8 countries of western Europe Zone 4 – central and eastern European countries Zones 5 & 6 – Francophone and Anglophone African countries, respectively Zone 7 – USA, Canada, Mexico, Cuba, Jamaica, Surinam, and the Caribbean Zone 8 – the upper part of South America Zone 9 – the lower part of South America Each Zone has its own four representatives that are the voting members on the World Subud Council. They also serve as volunteers a four-year term like helpers. They are selected at Zone Meetings. The chairperson of the World Subud Association serves a four-year term from one World Congress to the next and is also the chairperson of the World Subud Council. The World Subud Council is responsible for ensuring that decisions made at World Congress are carried through. Affiliates Subud affiliates (sometimes called ‘wings’) are subsidiary organizations that focus on specific projects at a national or international level. They are technically independent organizations but have overlapping boards of trustees. They include: Susila Dharma International Association (SDI or SDIA) – humanitarian projects Subud International Cultural Association (SICA) – networking cultural activities Subud Enterprise Services International (SES or SESI) – networks between entrepreneurial activities Subud Youth Association (SYA) – networks among younger Subud members Subud International Health Organisation (SIHA) – incorporates both scientific and alternative approaches Some chairpersons of these affiliates also sit on the World Subud Council and serve a four-year term. In addition to the above affiliates, a foundation – the Muhammad Subuh Foundation (MSF) – has been set up, whose main work is helping