to the standard solar model. In 2007, the Franklin Institute awarded the director of SNO Art McDonald with the Benjamin Franklin Medal in Physics. In 2015 the Nobel Prize for Physics was jointly awarded to Arthur B. McDonald, and Takaaki Kajita of the University of Tokyo, for the discovery of neutrino oscillations. Other possible analyses The SNO detector would have been capable of detecting a supernova within our galaxy if one had occurred while the detector was online. As neutrinos emitted by a supernova are released earlier than the photons, it is possible to alert the astronomical community before the supernova is visible. SNO was a founding member of the Supernova Early Warning System (SNEWS) with Super-Kamiokande and the Large Volume Detector. No such supernovae have yet been detected. The SNO experiment was also able to observe atmospheric neutrinos produced by cosmic ray interactions in the atmosphere. Due to the limited size of the SNO detector in comparison with Super-K, the low cosmic ray neutrino signal is not statistically significant at neutrino energies below 1 GeV. Participating institutions Large particle physics experiments require large collaborations. With approximately 100 collaborators, SNO was a rather small group compared to collider experiments. The participating institutions have included: Canada Carleton University Laurentian University Queen's University – designed and built many calibration sources and the device for deploying sources TRIUMF University of British Columbia University of Guelph Although no longer a collaborating institution, Chalk River Laboratories led the construction of the acrylic vessel that holds the heavy water, and Atomic Energy of Canada Limited was the source of the heavy water. United Kingdom University of Oxford – developed much of the experiment's Monte Carlo analysis program (SNOMAN), and maintained the program University of Sussex – calibration United States Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) – Led the construction of the geodesic structure that holds the PMTs Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) University of Pennsylvania – designed and built the front end electronics and trigger University of Washington – designed and built proportional counter tubes for detection of neutrons in the third phase of the experiment Brookhaven National Laboratory University of Texas at Austin Massachusetts Institute of Technology Honours and awards Asteroid 14724 SNO is named in honour of SNO. In November 2006, the entire SNO team was awarded the inaugural John C. Polanyi Award for "a recent outstanding advance in any