falls below in a large belt along the southern desert area. In this belt, only the Euphrates and Khabur rivers provide sufficient water for settlement and cultivation. Resources and land use Natural resources: petroleum, phosphates, chrome and manganese ores, asphalt, iron ore, rock salt, marble, gypsum, hydropower Land use: arable land: 24.8% permanent crops: 4.47% other: 70.73% (2005) Irrigated land: 13.560 km2 (2003) Total renewable water resources: 46.1 cu km (1997) Area and boundaries Area: total: 185,180 km² land: 183,630 km² water: 1,550 km² Land boundaries: total: 2,253 km border countries: Iraq 605 km, Israel 76 km, Jordan 375 km, Lebanon 375 km, Turkey 822 km Coastline: Maritime claims: contiguous zone: territorial sea: Elevation extremes: lowest point: unnamed location near Lake Tiberias (Sea of Galilee) -200 m highest point: Mount Hermon 2,814 m Environmental concerns Natural hazards: dust storms, sandstorms, earthquakes Environment - current issues: deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; water pollution from dumping of raw sewage and wastes from petroleum refining; inadequate supplies of potable water Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution (MARPOL 73/78), Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification References bn:সিরিয়া#ভূগোল