surgeon and academic (b. 1810) 1889 – Louis Faidherbe, French general and politician (b. 1818) 1898 – Thomas F. Bayard, American lawyer, politician and diplomat (b. 1828) 1900 – Samuel Fenton Cary, American lawyer and politician (b. 1814) 1901–present 1902 – William McGonagall, Scottish poet and actor (b. 1825) 1902 – Émile Zola, French journalist, author, and playwright (b. 1840) 1904 – Alfred Nehring, German zoologist and paleontologist (b. 1845) 1905 – Alexander Hay Japp, Scottish author, journalist and publisher (b. 1836) 1908 – Machado de Assis, Brazilian author, poet, and playwright (b. 1839) 1910 – Rebecca Harding Davis, American author and journalist (b. 1831) 1910 – Winslow Homer, American painter, illustrator, and engraver (b. 1836) 1913 – Rudolf Diesel, German engineer, invented the diesel engine (b. 1858) 1913 – John F. Lacey, American politician (b. 1841) 1915 – Luther Orlando Emerson, American musician, composer and music publisher (b. 1820) 1915 – Rudi Stephan, German composer (b. 1887) 1918 – Lawrence Weathers, Australian soldier (b. 1890). 1919 – Edward Pulsford, English-Australian politician and free-trade campaigner (b. 1844) 1923 – Walther Penck, German geologist and geomorphologist (b. 1888) 1925 – Léon Bourgeois, French police officer and politician, 64th Prime Minister of France, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1851) 1925 – Runar Schildt, Finnish author (b. 1888) 1927 – Arthur Achleitner, German journalist and author (b. 1858) 1927 – Willem Einthoven, Indonesian-Dutch physiologist and physician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1860) 1928 – John Devoy, Irish-American Fenian rebel leader (b. 1842) 1928 – Ernst Steinitz, German mathematician (b. 1871) 1930 – Ilya Repin, Ukrainian-Russian painter and illustrator (b. 1844) 1931 – William Orpen, Irish artist (b. 1878) 1933 – Jean-François Delmas, French bass-baritone (b. 1861) 1935 – Winifred Holtby, English novelist and journalist (b. 1898) 1937 – Marie Zdeňka Baborová-Čiháková, Czech botanist and zoologist (b. 1877) 1937 – Ray Ewry, American triple jumper (b. 1873) 1944 – Douglas Crawford McMurtrie, American typeface designer, graphic designer, historian and author (b. 1888) 1949 – Rosa Olitzka, German-American contralto singer (b. 1873) 1951 – Thomas Cahill, American soccer player and coach (b. 1864) 1952 – John Cobb, English race car driver and pilot (b. 1899) 1952 – C. H. Douglas, British engineer (b. 1879) 1953 – Ernst Reuter, German politician (b. 1889) 1955 – Louis Leon Thurstone, American psychologist (b. 1887) 1955 – Hubert Maitland Turnbull, British pathologist (b. 1875) 1956 – Anastasio Somoza García, Nicaraguan politician,