blogosphere. Modifying the echo of a sound file (Echo Steganography). Steganography for audio signals. Image bit-plane complexity segmentation steganography Including data in ignored sections of a file, such as after the logical end of the carrier file. Adaptive steganography: Skin tone based steganography using a secret embedding angle. Embedding data within the control-flow diagram of a program subjected to control flow analysis Digital text Using non-printing Unicode characters Zero-Width Joiner (ZWJ) and Zero-Width Non-Joiner (ZWNJ). These characters are used for joining and disjoining letters in Arabic and Persian, but can be used in Roman alphabets for hiding information because they have no meaning in Roman alphabets: because they are "zero-width" they are not displayed. ZWJ and ZWNJ can represent "1" and "0". This may also be done with en space, figure space and whitespace characters. Embedding a secret message in the pattern of deliberate errors and marked corrections in a word processing document, using the word processor's change tracking feature. In 2020, Zhongliang Yang et al discovered that for text generative steganography, when the quality of the generated steganographic text is optimized to a certain extent, it may make the overall statistical distribution characteristics of the generated steganographic text more different from the normal text, making it easier to be recognized. They named this phenomenon Perceptual-Statistical Imperceptibility Conflict Effect (Psic Effect). Hiding an image within a soundfile An image or a text can be converted into a soundfile, which is then analysed with a spectrogram to reveal the image. Various artists have used this method to conceal hidden pictures in their songs, such as Aphex Twin in "Windowlicker" or Nine Inch Nails in their album Year Zero. Social steganography In communities with social or government taboos or censorship, people use cultural steganography—hiding messages in idiom, pop culture references, and other messages they share publicly and assume are monitored. This relies on social context to make the underlying messages visible only to certain readers. Examples include: Hiding a message in the title and context of a shared video or image. Misspelling names or words that are popular in the media in a given week, to suggest an alternate meaning. Hiding a picture that can be traced by using Paint or any other drawing tool. Steganography in streaming media Since the era of evolving network applications, steganography research has shifted from image steganography to steganography in streaming media such as Voice over