the Roman around the year 1300 and less than a century after the advent of the Italian sonnet. 38 sonnets are included in his maqama collection Mahberot Immanuel that combine elements of both the quantitative metre traditional to Hebrew and Arabic verse and Italian syllabic metre. After Immanuel, the next wave of Italo-Hebrew sonnetry arrived in the 16th century, authored by Yosef Tzarfati (Giuseppe Gallo) and Moshe ben Yoav, each poet composing around five sonnets. In total, over eighty Hebrew-language sonnets from the 16th century are extant, composed in locations as varied as Amsterdam, Oran, and Turkey. Indian languages In the Indian subcontinent, sonnets have been written in the Assamese, Bengali, Dogri, English, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Sindhi and Urdu languages. In Urdu Urdu poets, also influenced by English and other European poets, took to introducing the sonnet into Urdu poetry rather late. Azmatullah Khan (1887–1923) is believed to have introduced this format to Urdu literature in the very early part of the 20th century. The other renowned Urdu poets who wrote sonnets were Akhtar Junagarhi, Akhtar Sheerani, Noon Meem Rashid, Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi, Salaam Machhalishahari and Wazir Agha. See also Associated forms Quatorzain References Further reading I. Bell, et al. A Companion to Shakespeare's Sonnets. Blackwell Publishing, 2006. . Burt, Stephen (now Stephanie) and Mikics, David. The Art of the Sonnet, The Belknap Press, 2010. . T. W. H. Crosland. The English Sonnet. Hesperides Press, 2006. . J. Fuller. The Oxford Book of Sonnets. Oxford University Press, 2002. . J. Fuller. The Sonnet. (The Critical Idiom: #26). Methuen & Co., 1972. . U. Hennigfeld. Der ruinierte Körper: Petrarkistische Sonette in transkultureller Perspektive. Königshausen & Neumann, 2008. . J. Hollander. Sonnets: From Dante to the Present. Everyman's Library, 2001. . P. Levin. The Penguin Book of the Sonnet: 500 Years of a Classic Tradition in English. Penguin, 2001. . J. Phelan. The Nineteenth Century Sonnet. Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. . S. Regan. The Sonnet. Oxford University Press, 2006. . H. Robbins. Forms of Contention: Influence and the African American Sonnet Tradition. University of Georgia Press, 2020. . M. R. G. Spiller. The Development of the Sonnet: An Introduction. Routledge, 1992. . M. R. G. Spiller. The Sonnet Sequence: A Study of Its Strategies. Twayne Pub., 1997. . External links Sixty-Six: The Journal of Sonnet Studies BBC discussion on "The Sonnet". Radio 4 programme In