security engineering is distinct from corporate/enterprise security, which focuses on securing corporate networks and systems that an organization uses to conduct business. Product security includes security engineering applied to: Hardware devices such as cell phones, computers, Internet of things devices, and cameras. Software such as operating systems, applications, and firmware. Such security engineers are often employed in separate teams from corporate security teams and work closely with product engineering teams. Target hardening Whatever the target, there are multiple ways of preventing penetration by unwanted or unauthorized persons. Methods include placing Jersey barriers, stairs or other sturdy obstacles outside tall or politically sensitive buildings to prevent car and truck bombings. Improving the method of visitor management and some new electronic locks take advantage of technologies such as fingerprint scanning, iris or retinal scanning, and voiceprint identification to authenticate users. See also Computer-related Authentication Cryptanalysis Data remanence Defensive programming (secure coding) Earthquake engineering Economics of security Engineering Product Lifecycle Explosion protection Password policy Secure coding Security hacker Security pattern Security Requirements Analysis Security testing Software cracking Software security assurance Systems engineering Trusted system Physical Access control Authorization Critical infrastructure protection Environmental design (esp. CPTED) Mantrap Physical security Secrecy Secure cryptoprocessor Security through obscurity Misc. Topics Full disclosure (computer security) Security awareness Security community Steganography Kerckhoffs's principle References Further reading Articles and papers patterns & practices Security Engineering on Channel9 patterns & practices Security Engineering on MSDN patterns & practices Security Engineering Explained Basic Target Hardening from the Government of South Australia