whether they are interested in buying advertising space online or not. One example of advertising space acquisition is Real-Time Bidding (RTB). Challenges Copyright issues The availability of large bandwidth internet enabled the audiovisual streaming services to attract large number of users around the world. For OTT platforms, original content represents a critical variable in order to capture more subscribers. This generated a number of effects related to the copyright over the audiovisual content and its international exploitation through streaming such as contractual practices, international exploitation of rights, widespread use of standards and metadata in digital files. The WIPO has indicated the several basic copyright issues arising for those pursuing to work in the film and music industry in the era of streaming. Streaming copyrighted content can involve making infringing copies of the works in question. The recording and distribution of streamed content is also an issue for many companies that rely on revenue based on views or attendance. Greenhouse gas emissions The net greenhouse gas emissions from streaming music were estimated at between 0.2 and 0.35 million metric tons CO2eq (between ) per year in the United States, by a 2019 study. This was an increase from emissions in the pre-digital music period, which were estimated at " in 1977, 0.136 million () in 1988, and 0.157 million () in 2000." However this is far less than other everyday activities such as eating, for example greenhouse gas emissions in the United States from beef cattle (burping of ruminants only - not including their manure) were in 2019. A 2021 study claimed that one hour of streaming or videoconferencing "emits of carbon dioxide ... requires of water and demands a land area adding up to about the size of an iPad Mini." The study suggests that turning the camera off during video calls can reduce the greenhouse gas and water use footprints by 96%, and that an 86% reduction is possible by using standard definition rather than high definition when streaming content with apps such as Netflix or Hulu. However another study estimated a relatively low amount of , and concluded that watching a Netflix video for half an hour emitted only the same as driving a gasoline fuelled car for about , so not a significant amount. One way to decrease greenhouse gas emissions associated with streaming music is making data centers carbon neutral, by converting to electricity produced from