Events Pre-1600 61 BC – Pompey the Great celebrates his third triumph for victories over the pirates and the end of the Mithridatic Wars on his 45th birthday. 1011 – Danes capture Canterbury after a siege, taking Ælfheah, archbishop of Canterbury, as a prisoner. 1227 – Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, is excommunicated by Pope Gregory IX for his failure to participate in the Crusades during the Investiture Controversy. 1267 – The Treaty of Montgomery recognises Llywelyn ap Gruffudd as Prince of Wales, but only as a vassal of King Henry III. 1364 – During the Hundred Years' War, Anglo-Breton forces defeat the Franco-Breton army in Brittany, ending the War of the Breton Succession. 1567 – During the French War of Religion, Protestant coup officials in Nîmes massacre Catholic priests in an event now known as the Michelade. 1578 – Tegucigalpa, capital city of Honduras, is claimed by the Spaniards. 1601–1900 1714 – The Cossacks of the Russian Empire kill about 800 people overnight in Hailuoto during the Great Hatred. 1717 – An earthquake strikes Antigua Guatemala, destroying much of the city's architecture. 1789 – The United States Department of War first establishes a regular army with a strength of several hundred men. 1829 – The Metropolitan Police of London, later also known as the Met, is founded. 1848 – The Battle of Pákozd is a stalemate between Hungarian and Croatian forces and is the first battle of the Hungarian Revolution. 1850 – The papal bull Universalis Ecclesiae restores the Roman Catholic hierarchy in England and Wales. 1855 – The Philippine port of Iloilo is opened to world trade by the Spanish administration. 1864 – The Battle of Chaffin's Farm is fought in the American Civil War. 1864 – The Treaty of Lisbon defines the boundaries between Spain and Portugal and abolishes the Couto Misto microstate. 1885 – The first practical public electric tramway in the world is opened in Blackpool, England. 1901–present 1907 – The cornerstone is laid at the Cathedral Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul (better known as Washington National Cathedral) in Washington, D.C. 1911 – Italy declares war on the Ottoman Empire. 1918 – Bulgaria signs the Armistice of Salonica ending its participation in World War I. 1918 – The Hindenburg Line is broken by an Allied attack in World War I. 1918 – Germany's Supreme Army Command tells Kaiser Wilhelm II and Imperial Chancellor