In this classification, the "Cultivated" variety closely approximates England's standard Received Pronunciation and is associated with the upper class; the "General" variety is a social indicator of the middle class and is the common tongue; and the "Broad" variety is most associated with the working class, low socioeconomic status, and little education. These three sub-varieties, Cultivated, General, and Broad, have also sometimes been called "Conservative SAE", "Respectable SAE", and "Extreme SAE", respectively. Broad White SAE closely approximates the second-language variety of (Afrikaans-speaking) Afrikaners called Afrikaans English. This variety has been stigmatised by middle and upper class SAE speakers (primarily those of Anglo-Saxon origin) and is considered a vernacular form of SAE. Phonology Vowels Allophonic variation in the vowel (from Wells' 1982 lexical sets). In some contexts, such as after , the KIT vowel is pronounced ; before tautosyllabic it is pronounced ; and in other contexts it is pronounced . This feature is not present in Conservative SAE, and may have resulted from a vocalic chain shift in White SAE. Pronunciation of the vowel with the long monophthongal . In contrast, other Southern Hemisphere Englishes like Australian English and New Zealand English have diphthongised (). Back , with lip rounding in the broader dialects ( or ). This differs from Australian English and New Zealand English, which have central instead. The trap-bath split, as in New Zealand English and partially also Australian English. is short, open, weakly rounded, and centralised, around . is short, half-closed back and centralised, around . tends to resemble the Received Pronunciation non-rhotic among Conservative SAE speakers, while the vowel is front, half-close, centralised in other varieties. Consonants In Conservative and Respectable SAE, is the voiceless glottal fricative . In Extreme SAE, has a more breathy-voiced pronunciation, , likely as a result of a Dutch/Afrikaans substrate. is sometimes deleted in Extreme SAE where it is preserved in Conservative and Respectable SAE. For instance, when it occurs initially in stressed syllables in words like "house", it is deleted in Extreme SAE. Conservative SAE is completely non-rhotic like Received Pronunciation, while Respectable SAE has sporadic moments of rhoticity. These rhotic moments generally occur in -final words. More frequent rhoticity is a marker of Extreme SAE. Unaspirated voiceless plosives (like , , and ) in stressed word-initial environments. Yod-assimilation: tune and dune tend to be realised as and , instead of the Received Pronunciation and . Lexicon History of