Events Pre-1600 506 – The bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde. 1419 – John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy is assassinated by adherents of the Dauphin, the future Charles VII of France. 1509 – An earthquake known as "The Lesser Judgment Day" hits Constantinople. 1515 – Thomas Wolsey is invested as a Cardinal. 1547 – The Battle of Pinkie, the last full-scale military confrontation between England and Scotland, resulting in a decisive victory for the forces of Edward VI. 1561 – Fourth Battle of Kawanakajima: Takeda Shingen defeats Uesugi Kenshin in the climax of their ongoing conflicts. 1570 – Spanish Jesuit missionaries land in present-day Virginia to establish the short-lived Ajacán Mission. 1573 – German pirate Klein Henszlein and 33 of his crew are beheaded in Hamburg. 1601–1900 1607 – Edward Maria Wingfield ousted as first president of the governing council of the Colony of Virginia; he is replaced by John Ratcliffe. 1608 – John Smith is elected council president of Jamestown, Virginia. 1776 – American Revolutionary War: Nathan Hale volunteers to spy for the Continental Army. 1798 – At the Battle of St. George's Caye, British Honduras defeats Spain. 1813 – The United States defeats a British Fleet at the Battle of Lake Erie during the War of 1812. 1846 – Elias Howe is granted a patent for the sewing machine. 1858 – George Mary Searle discovers the asteroid 55 Pandora. 1897 – Lattimer massacre: A sheriff's posse kills 19 unarmed striking immigrant miners in Lattimer, Pennsylvania, United States. 1898 – Empress Elisabeth of Austria is assassinated by Luigi Lucheni. 1901–present 1918 – Russian Civil War: The Red Army captures Kazan. 1919 – The Republic of German-Austria signs the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, ceding significant territories to Italy, Yugoslavia, and Czechoslovakia. 1932 – The New York City Subway's third competing subway system, the municipally-owned IND, is opened. 1936 – First World Individual Motorcycle Speedway Championship, Held at London's (England) Wembley Stadium 1937 – Nine nations attend the Nyon Conference to address international piracy in the Mediterranean Sea. 1939 – World War II: The submarine is mistakenly sunk by the submarine near Norway and becomes the Royal Navy's first loss of a submarine in the war. 1939 – World War II: The Canadian declaration of war on Germany receives royal assent. 1942 – World War II: The British Army carries out an amphibious landing on Madagascar to