$188 million supplied by the Port of Oakland. Some of mud from the dredging was deposited at the western edge of Middle Harbor Shoreline Park to become a shallow-water wetlands habitat for marine and shore life. Further dredging followed in 2011, to maintain the navigation channel. This dredging enabled the arrival of the largest container ship ever to enter the San Francisco Bay, the MSC Fabiola. Bay pilots trained for the visit on a simulator at the California Maritime Academy for over a year. The ship arrived drawing less than its full draft of because it held only three-quarters of a load after its stop in Long Beach. Transportation San Francisco Bay was traversed by watercraft before the arrival of Europeans. Indigenous peoples used canoes to fish and clam along the shoreline. Sailing ships enabled transportation between the Bay and other parts of the world—and served as ferries and freighters within the Bay and between the Bay and inland ports, such as Sacramento and Stockton. These were gradually replaced by steam-powered vessels starting in the late 19th century. Several shipyards were established around the Bay, augmented during wartime. (e.g., the Kaiser Shipyards, Richmond Shipyards) near Richmond in 1940 for World War II for construction of mass-produced, assembly line Liberty and Victory cargo ships. San Francisco Bay is spanned by nine bridges, eight of which carry cars. The Richmond–San Rafael Bridge on Interstate 580 (I-580) connects Marin and Contra Costa counties. The Golden Gate Bridge on U.S. Route 101/State Route 1 (US 101/SR 1) was the largest single span suspension bridge ever built at the time of its 1937 construction. It spans the Golden Gate, the strait between San Francisco and Marin County, and is the only bridge in the area not owned by the State of California. The San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge on I-80 connects Alameda and San Francisco counties. The San Mateo–Hayward Bridge on SR 92 connects Alameda and San Mateo counties. The Dumbarton Bridge on SR 84 connects Alameda and San Mateo counties. The Carquinez Bridge (including the Alfred Zampa Memorial Bridge) on I-80 connects Contra Costa and Solano counties. The Benicia Bridge on I-680 also connects Contra Costa and Solano counties. The Antioch Bridge on SR 160 connects Contra Costa and Sacramento counties. The Dumbarton Rail Bridge is an abandoned bridge that used to carry rail traffic. The Transbay Tube, an underwater rail tunnel, carries BART services