a gunman shoots seven citizens, killing five and then himself. 2014 – The eruption of Mount Ontake in Japan occurs. 2019 – Over two million people participated in worldwide strikes to protest climate change across 2,400 locations worldwide. 2020 – Second Nagorno-Karabakh war: Azerbaijan launched an offensive against the self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh, inhabited predominantly by ethnic Armenians. Births Pre-1600 808 – Ninmyō, Japanese emperor (d. 850) 830 – Ermentrude of Orléans, Queen of the Franks (probable year; d. 869) 1271 – Wenceslaus II of Bohemia, King of Bohemia and Poland (d. 1305) 1275 – John II, Duke of Brabant (d. 1312) 1300 – Adolf, Count Palatine of the Rhine (d. 1327) 1389 – Cosimo de' Medici, ruler of Florence (d. 1464) 1433 – Stanisław Kazimierczyk, Polish canon regular and saint (d. 1489) 1442 – John de la Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk (d. 1491) 1496 – Hieronymus Łaski, Polish diplomat (d. 1542) 1507 – Guillaume Rondelet, French physician (d. 1566) 1533 – Stefan Batory, King of Poland (d. 1586) 1544 – Takenaka Shigeharu, Japanese samurai (d. 1579) 1552 – Flaminio Scala, Italian playwright and stage actor (d. 1624) 1598 – Robert Blake, English admiral (d. 1657) 1601–1900 1601 – Louis XIII of France (d. 1643) 1627 – Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet, French bishop and theologian (d. 1704) 1643 – Solomon Stoddard, American pastor and librarian (d. 1729) 1657 – Sofia Alekseyevna of Russia (d. 1704) 1677 – Giovanni Carlo Maria Clari, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1754) 1696 – Alphonsus Maria de' Liguori, Italian bishop and saint (d. 1787) 1719 – Abraham Gotthelf Kästner, German mathematician and epigrammatist (d. 1800) 1722 – Samuel Adams, American philosopher and politician, fourth Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1803) 1729 – Michael Denis, Austrian lepidopterist, author, and poet (d. 1800) 1739 – Francis Russell, Marquess of Tavistock, Irish politician (d. 1767) 1765 – Antoine Philippe de La Trémoille, French general (d. 1794) 1772 – Martha Jefferson Randolph, daughter of Thomas Jefferson who had twelve children (d. 1836) 1783 – Agustín de Iturbide, Mexican royalist turned insurgent; first emperor of Mexico (d. 1824) 1803 – Samuel Francis Du Pont, American admiral (d. 1865) 1805 – George Müller, German-English evangelist and missionary, founded the Ashley Down Orphanage (d. 1898) 1818 – Hermann Kolbe, German chemist and academic (d. 1884) 1821 – Henri-Frédéric Amiel, Swiss philosopher, poet, and critic (d. 1881) 1824 – William "Bull" Nelson, American general (d.