1550 – Paul V, pope of the Catholic Church (d. 1621) 1565 – Edward Fortunatus, German nobleman (d. 1600) 1578 – John Prideaux, English administrator and bishop (d. 1650) 1601–1900 1605 – Francesco Sacrati, Italian composer (d. 1650) 1630 – Ranuccio II Farnese, duke of Parma (d. 1694) 1639 – Hans Herr, Swiss bishop (d. 1725) 1688 – Maria Luisa of Savoy, queen consort of Spain (d. 1714) 1730 – Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, Prussian-American general (d. 1794) 1739 – John Rutledge, American judge and politician, 2nd Chief Justice of the United States (d. 1800) 1743 – Marquis de Condorcet, French mathematician and political scientist (d. 1794) 1771 – Johann August Apel, German jurist and author (d. 1816) 1773 – Jonathan Alder, American captain and farmer (d. 1849) 1783 – Nadezhda Durova, Russian soldier (d. 1866) 1797 – Heinrich Kuhl, German naturalist and zoologist (d. 1821) 1817 – Herman Adolfovich Trautscohold, German geologist and paleontologist (d. 1902) 1819 – Marthinus Wessel Pretorius, South African general and politician, 1st President of the South African Republic (d. 1901) 1820 – Émile Augier, French playwright (d. 1889) 1820 – Earl Van Dorn, Confederate general (d. 1863) 1821 – Arthur Saint-Léon, French choreographer (d. 1870) 1825 – Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar II, American jurist and politician, 16th United States Secretary of the Interior (d. 1893) 1826 – Bernhard Riemann, German-Italian mathematician and academic (d. 1866) 1850 – Guerra Junqueiro, Portuguese journalist, lawyer, and politician (d. 1923) 1853 – Frederick Corbett, British officer and Victoria Cross recipient (d. 1912) 1854 – David Dunbar Buick, Scottish-American businessman, founded Buick Motor Company (d. 1929) 1857 – Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, Russian scientist and engineer (d. 1935) 1859 – Frank Dawson Adams, Canadian geologist and academic (d. 1942) 1859 – Billy the Kid, American gunman (d. 1881) 1859 – I. L. Patterson, American politician, 18th Governor of Oregon (d. 1929) 1860 – Mihkel Martna, Estonian journalist and politician (d. 1934) 1864 – Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky, Ukrainian writer (d. 1913) 1864 – James Tancred, English admiral (d. 1943) 1865 – William Murray McPherson, Australian politician, 31st Premier of Victoria (d. 1932) 1867 – Vera Yevstafievna Popova, Russian chemist (d. 1896) 1868 – James Alexander Calder, Canadian educator and politician, Canadian Minister of Militia and Defence (d. 1956) 1869 – Christian Lous Lange, Norwegian political scientist, historian, and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1938) 1874 – Walter Murdoch, Australian author and academic (d.