his more positive view is seen as flowing from a discernment of "the signs of the times" called for by Gaudium et spes. Vatican II participants who later became pope Of those who took part in the council's opening session, four have become popes: Cardinal Giovanni Battista Montini, who on succeeding John XXIII took the name Paul VI; Bishop Albino Luciani, the future John Paul I; Bishop Karol Wojtyła, who became John Paul II; and Father Joseph Ratzinger, present as a theological consultant, who became Benedict XVI. Saints of Vatican II Several of the fathers and theologians-experts, as well as several Roman Popes and council observers, became canonized saints or are in the process of canonization. These include: John XXIII, pontiff who called for the council and presided over it first (thus his feast day is the same date as the opening date of Vatican II) Paul VI, second pope of the council John Paul II, council father as Bishop Karol Józef Wojtyła Álvaro del Portillo, council father Fulton J. Sheen, council father John Paul I, council father as Albino Luciani Terence Cooke Frank Duff Cyril Bernard Papali Notes References Citations Sources 31 folios. (Official record of daily proceedings during Vatican II, in Latin) Available online at https://archive.org/details/second-vatican-council Formerly titled The Rhine Flows into the Tiber: a History of Vatican II'' (1967) Further reading 16 folios. (Official record of the Antepreparatory Period, in Latin) Available online at https://archive.org/details/second-vatican-council 8 folios. (Official record of the Preparatory Period, in Latin) Available online at https://archive.org/details/second-vatican-council . . . . . . . Vatican II in the light of Tradition and Magisterium of the Catholic Church. . . . . . . . . . External links Documents of the Second Vatican Council at Vatican.va 1960s in Christianity 1960s in Italy 1960s in Vatican City 1962 establishments in Italy 1965 disestablishments in Italy Vatican II Vatican II Vatican II Vatican II Organisations based in Rome Pope John XXIII Pope Paul VI Religious organisations based in Italy Religious organizations disestablished in 1965 Christian organizations established in 1962