positive figure and 70% saying his reign was good for the country. Lev Gudkov, a sociologist at the Levada Center, said, "Vladimir Putin's Russia of 2012 needs symbols of authority and national strength, however controversial they may be, to validate the newly authoritarian political order. Stalin, a despotic leader responsible for mass bloodshed but also still identified with wartime victory and national unity, fits this need for symbols that reinforce the current political ideology." Some positive sentiments can also be found elsewhere in the former Soviet Union. A 2012 survey commissioned by the Carnegie Endowment found 38% of Armenians concurring that their country "will always have need of a leader like Stalin". A 2013 survey by Tbilisi University found 45% of Georgians expressing "a positive attitude" toward Stalin. See also Anti-Stalinist left Bibliography of Stalinism and the Soviet Union Comparison of Nazism and Stalinism Everyday Stalinism Eastern Bloc Industrialization in the Soviet Union Juche Mass killings under communist regimes Soviet Empire Stalin's cult of personality Stalin's Peasants Stalin Society Stalinist architecture The Whisperers: Private Life in Stalin's Russia References Citations Notes Sources Further reading Books Bullock, Alan. 1998. Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives (2nd ed.). Fontana Press. Campeanu, Pavel. 2016. Origins of Stalinism: From Leninist Revolution to Stalinist Society. Routledge. Conquest, Robert. 2008. The Great Terror: A Reassessment (40th anniversary ed.). Oxford University Press. Deutscher, Isaac. 1967. Stalin: A Political Biography (2nd edition). Oxford House. Dobrenko, Evgeny. 2020. Late Stalinism (Yale University Press, 2020). Edele, Mark, ed. 2020. Debates on Stalinism: An introduction (Manchester University Press, 2020). Figes, Orlando. 2008. The Whisperers: Private Life in Stalin's Russia. Picador. Groys, Boris. 2014. The total art of Stalinism: Avant-Garde, aesthetic dictatorship, and beyond. Verso Books. Hasselmann, Anne E. 2021. "Memory Makers of the Great Patriotic War: Curator Agency and Visitor Participation in Soviet War Museums during Stalinism." Journal of Educational Media, Memory, and Society 13.1 (2021): 13–32. Hoffmann, David L. 2008. Stalinism: The Essential Readings. John Wiley & Sons. Hoffmann, David L. 2018. The Stalinist Era. Cambridge University Press. Kotkin, Stephen. 1997. Magnetic Mountain: Stalinism as a civilization. University of California Press. McCauley, Martin. 2019 Stalin and Stalinism (Routledge, 2019). Ree, Erik Van. 2002. The Political Thought of Joseph Stalin, A Study in Twentieth-century Revolutionary Patriotism. RoutledgeCurzon. Ryan, James, and Susan Grant, eds. 2020. Revisioning Stalin and Stalinism: Complexities, Contradictions, and Controversies (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2020). Sharlet, Robert. 2017. Stalinism and Soviet legal