dialects when syllable-finally, in Hungarian, in German (before , ) and some English words as 'sugar', since yod-coalescence became a dominant feature, and , as in English 'measure' (also because of yod-coalescence), European Portuguese Islão (Islam) or, in many sociolects of Brazilian Portuguese, esdrúxulo (proparoxytone) in some Andalusian dialects, it merged with Peninsular Spanish and and is now pronounced . In some English words of French origin, the letter is silent, as in 'isle' or 'debris'. In Turkmen, represents . The digraph for English arises in Middle English (alongside ), replacing the Old English digraph. Similarly, Old High German was replaced by in Early Modern High German orthography. Related characters Descendants and related characters in the Latin alphabet ſ : Latin letter long s, an obsolete variant of s ẜ ẝ : Various forms of long s were used for medieval scribal abbreviations ẞ ß : German Eszett or "sharp S", derived from a ligature of long s followed by either s or z S with diacritics: Ś ś Ṡ ṡ ẛ Ṩ ṩ Ṥ ṥ Ṣ ṣ S̩ s̩ Ꞩ ꞩ Ꟊꟊ Ŝ ŝ Ṧ ṧ Š š Ş ş Ș ș S̈ s̈ ᶊ Ȿ ȿ ᵴ ᶳ ₛ : Subscript small s was used in the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet prior to its formal standardization in 1902 ˢ : Modifier letter small s is used for phonetic transcription ꜱ : Small capital S was used in the Icelandic First Grammatical Treatise to mark gemination Ʂ ʂ : S with hook, used for writing Mandarin Chinese using the early draft version of pinyin romanization during the mid-1950s Ƨ ƨ : Latin letter reversed S (used in Zhuang transliteration) 𝼩 : Latin small letter s with mid-height left hook was used by the British and Foreign Bible Society in the early 20th century for romanization of the Malayalam language. IPA-specific symbols related to S: Para-IPA version of the IPA fricative ɕ: 𝼞 𐞺 Ꞅ ꞅ : Insular S Ꟗ ꟗ : Used in Middle Scots Ꟙ ꟙ : Latin letter Sigmoid S was used in medieval palaeography Derived signs, symbols, and abbreviations $ : Dollar sign ₷ : Spesmilo § : Section sign ℠ : Service mark symbol ∫ : Integral symbol, short for summation (derived from long s) Ancestors and siblings in other alphabets 𐤔 : Semitic letter Shin, from which the following symbols originally derive archaic Greek Sigma