|| |- | kaṭhina- || hard, firm || |- | kuṭi- || hut, house || |- | kuṭṭ- || to pound || |- | kuṇḍala- || loop, ring, earring, coil of rope || |- | khala- || a rogue || |- | mayū́ra- || peacock || |- | mallikā || jasmine || |- | mīna- || fish || |- | vallī- || creeper || |- | heramba- || buffalo || |} Nominal-form preference While Vedic and epic form of speech is largely cognate to that of other Indo-European languages such as Greek and Latin, later Sanskrit shows a tendency to move away from using verbal forms to nominal ones. Examples of nominal forms taking the place of conventional conjugation are: {| |- | past participle with the instrumental | nareṇa gataḥ | | "the man went", (lit. "by the man [it was] gone") |- |colspan="4;"| |- | active past participle in -vant | kṛta·vān | | "he did" |} However the most notable development is the prolific use of word-compounding to express ideas normally conveyed by verbal forms and subclauses introduced by conjunctions. Classical Sanskrit's pre-eminent playwright Kālidāsa uses: {| |- | vīcikṣobhastanitavihagaśreṇikāñcīguṇā | | whose girdle-string is a row of birds, loquacious through the agitation of the waves |} Influence on other languages For nearly 2,000 years, Sanskrit was the language of a cultural order that exerted influence across South Asia, Inner Asia, Southeast Asia, and to a certain extent East Asia. A significant form of post-Vedic Sanskrit is found in the Sanskrit of Indian epic poetry—the Ramayana and Mahabharata. The deviations from in the epics are generally considered to be on account of interference from Prakrits, or innovations, and not because they are pre-Paninian. Traditional Sanskrit scholars call such deviations ārṣa (आर्ष), meaning 'of the ṛṣis', the traditional title for the ancient authors. In some contexts, there are also more "prakritisms" (borrowings from common speech) than in Classical Sanskrit proper. Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit is a literary language heavily influenced by the Middle Indo-Aryan languages, based on early Buddhist Prakrit texts which subsequently assimilated to the Classical Sanskrit standard in varying degrees. Indian subcontinent Sanskrit has greatly influenced the languages of India that grew from its vocabulary and grammatical base; for instance, Hindi is a "Sanskritised register" of Hindustani. All modern Indo-Aryan languages, as well as Munda and Dravidian languages have borrowed many words either directly from Sanskrit (tatsama