martyrdom and death of Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī. Under Saddam Hussein's Ba'athist regime in Iraq (1968–2003), Shīʿa Muslims were heavily persecuted, arrested, tortured, and killed. In March 2011, the Malaysian government declared Shīʿa Islam a "deviant" sect and banned Shīʿa Muslims from promoting their faith to other Muslims, but left them free to practice it themselves privately. The most recent and grave attempt by Sunnī Muslims to entirely eradicate the Shīʿa community through violent means was the large-scale genocide of Shīʿa Muslims organized and perpetrated by ISIL/ISIS/IS/Daesh in Syria and Iraq between 2014 and 2018, which occurred alongside the genocides of many other religious minorities in the same region of the Middle East perpetrated by the aforementioned Sunnī Islamist militant group and Salafi-jihadist terrorist organization. See also Alawi Islam Anti-Shi'ism Criticism of Twelver Shia Islam History of Shia Islam Imamate in Shia doctrine Imamate and guardianship of Ali ibn Abi Talib Imamate in Ismaili doctrine Imamate in Nizari doctrine Imamate in Twelver doctrine Intellectual proofs in Shia jurisprudence List of Shia books List of Shia Islamic dynasties List of Shia Muslim scholars of Islam List of Shia Muslims Shia clergy Shia crescent Shia genocide Shia Islam in the Indian subcontinent Shia nations Shia Rights Watch Shia view of Ali Shia view of the Quran References Notes Citations Sources Further reading Shi'a Minorities in the Contemporary World: Migration, Transnationalism and Multilocality. United Kingdom, Edinburgh University Press, 2020. External links