dependency ratio: 81.1 (2015 est.) elderly dependency ratio: 5.6 (2015 est.) potential support ratio: 17.8 (2015 est.) Urbanization urban population: 75.8% of total population (2022) rate of urbanization: 2.96% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) urban population: 72.8% of total population (2018) rate of urbanization: 3.33% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.) Life expectancy at birth total population: 67.06 years. Country comparison to the world: 194th male: 65.44 years female: 68.72 years (2022 est.) total population: 65.7 years male: 64.3 years female: 67.1 years (2018 est.) total population: 65.25 years male: 63.84 years female: 66.7 years (2000 est.) Major infectious diseases degree of risk: high (2020) food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria and dengue fever water contact diseases: schistosomiasis Sex ratio at birth: male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15–64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.84 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2000 est.) Nationality noun: São Toméan(s) adjective: São Toméan Ethnic groups Mestiços, angolares (descendants of Angolan slaves), forros (descendants of freed slaves), serviçais (contract laborers from Angola, Mozambique, and Cape Verde), tongas (children of serviçais born on the islands) and Europeans (primarily Portuguese) Languages Portuguese 98.4% (official), Forro 36.2%, Cabo Verdian 8.5%, French 6.8%, Angolar 6.6%, English 4.9%, Lunguie 1%, Other (including sign language) 2.4% Education expenditures 5.9% of GDP (2019) Country comparison to the world: 35th Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 92.8% male: 96.2% female: 89.5% (2018) total population: 74.9% (2015 est.) male: 81.8% (2015 est.) female: 68.4% (2015 est.) total population: 73% male: 85% female: 62% (1991 est.) School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) total: 12 years (2015) male: 12 years (2015) female: 13 years (2015) Unemployment, youth ages 15-24 total: 20.8% (2012 est.) References Sao Tome Society of São Tomé and Príncipe