after the shooting down of a Turkish warplane by the Syrian Army during the Syrian civil war, Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan declared Syria to be a "rogue state". In October 2020, Turkish President Erdoğan described Armenia as a rogue state, referring to the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war. He used the words "countries supporting rogue state Armenia in its occupation of Karabakh would have to face the common conscience of humanity" in his statements. Commentator Robert Ellis, writing in the British newspaper The Independent in 2016, claimed that Turkey under President Recep Tayyip Erdogan risks "being regarded as a rogue state" due to its increasingly authoritarian government, the deterioration of the human rights in the country, the Turkish government's involvement in Syria and its alleged support of terrorist groups. Similarly, Erdoğan made the following statements at the press conference he held after the cabinet meeting on October 5, 2020: "It is not possible for humanity to attain permanent peace and tranquility without saving the world from rogue states and their rogue rulers. Especially in our region, the number of rogue states is quite high. These rogue states, dating back to Israel, Greek Administration of Cyprus and the Syrian regime, persecute their own citizens and destabilize the world." United States as a rogue state Some critics of US foreign policy describe the United States as a rogue state. William Blum's 2000 book Rogue State: A Guide to the World's Only Superpower suggests that US-led interventions around the world during and after the Cold War have threatened the world's peace. Noam Chomsky has also described the US as a rogue state after the assassination of Qasem Suleimani. Its nuclear proliferation and large numbers of nuclear warheads (the second most in the world), sponsorship of terrorist or guerilla groups to overthrow opposing governments especially in Latin America, and violations of human rights in war time are all suggested to be characteristics of a rogue state. See also Axis of evil Failed state Rump state International isolation Pariah state State Sponsors of Terrorism Troika of tyranny References Further reading Blum, William. (2006). Rogue state: a guide to the world's only superpower. Zed Books. . Chomsky, Noam. (2000). Rogue States: The Rule of Force in World Affairs. Pluto Press. . Derrida, Jacques. (2005). Rogues: Two Essays on Reason. Stanford University Press. . Translated by Pascale-Anne Brault and Michael Naas. Litwak, Robert. (2000). Rogue states and