continue to be employed in police contexts; such a siege is typically called a standoff or barricade situation. Standoffs may result from crimes and incidents such as robberies, raids, search and arrest warrants, prison riots, or terrorist attacks. Standoffs occur due to a variety of factors, most prominently the safety of police (against whom the besieged may have the upper hand), the besieged suspects (who police generally intend to arrest), bystanders (who may be in the crossfire), and hostages (who may be injured or killed by the suspects). The optimal result of most standoffs is a peaceful resolution—the safe extraction of hostages and bystanders, and the peaceful surrender and arrest of the suspects. To ensure this, police make use of trained negotiators and psychologists to learn the suspects' demands (and meet said demands if feasible or permissible), gain the suspects' trust, clarify that police do not intend to kill them or will even let them go (regardless of whether such claims are true), and coax the suspects into surrendering or at least releasing hostages. In the event a peaceful resolution is impossible—negotiations fail or do not proceed, hostages are released but the suspects refuse to surrender, the suspects resist violently, or hostages are killed—police may respond in force, generally being able to rely on police tactical units or even military support if possible and required. Most standoffs are much shorter than traditional military sieges, often lasting mere hours or days at most, though lengthy sieges may still occur, albeit rarely, such as the 51-day-long 1993 Waco siege. The vast majority of standoffs end in a peaceful resolution (i.e. 1973 New York City hostage incident), though some may end in a police or military assault (i.e. 1994 Air France Flight 8969 hijacking, 1980 Iranian Embassy siege) or, in the worst-case scenarios, the deaths of police, suspects, or hostages (i.e. 1985 MOVE bombing, 1985 EgyptAir Flight 648 hijacking, 2004 Beslan school siege, 2022 Robb Elementary School shooting). The aforementioned worst-case scenarios often result from poor planning, tactics, or negotiations on the part of the police or military (e.g. accidental killings of hostages by Unit 777 during the EgyptAir Flight 648 hijacking), or from violent acts committed by the suspects (e.g. suicide bombings and hostage executions during the Beslan school siege). One of the complications facing police in a siege involving hostages is Stockholm syndrome, where hostages may develop a sympathetic rapport with