1938 about one-third of the SS leadership were members of the upper middle class. The trend reversed after the first Soviet counter-offensive of 1942. {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align: center;" |- ! scope="col" class="unsortable" |Year ! scope="col" |Membership ! scope="col" class="unsortable" |Reichsführer-SS |- ! scope="row" |1925 | | style="text-align:left;" |Julius Schreck |- ! scope="row" |1926 | | style="text-align:left;" |Joseph Berchtold |- ! scope="row" |1927 | | style="text-align:left;" |Erhard Heiden |- ! scope="row" |1928 | | style="text-align:left;" |Erhard Heiden |- ! scope="row" |1929 | | style="text-align:left;" |Heinrich Himmler |- ! scope="row" |1930–33 | (Nazis come to power in 1933) | style="text-align:left;" |Heinrich Himmler (establishment of Nazi Germany) |- ! scope="row" |1934–39 | | style="text-align:left;"| Heinrich Himmler |- ! scope="row" |1940–44 | | style="text-align:left;" |Heinrich Himmler |- ! scope="row" |1944–45 | Unknown | style="text-align:left;" |Heinrich Himmler and Karl Hanke |} SS offices By 1942 all activities of the SS were managed through twelve main offices. Personal Staff Reichsführer-SS SS Main Office (SS-HA) SS-Führungshauptamt (SS Main Operational Office; SS-FHA) Reich Security Main Office (RSHA) SS Main Economic and Administrative Office (WVHA) Ordnungspolizei Hauptamt (Main Office of the Order Police) SS Court Main Office SS Race and Settlement Main Office (RuSHA) SS Personnel Main Office Hauptamt Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle (Racial German Assistance Main Office; VOMI) SS Education Office Main Office of the Reich Commissioner for the Consolidation of German Nationhood (RKFDV) Austrian SS The term "Austrian SS" is often used to describe that portion of the SS membership from Austria, but it was never a recognized branch of the SS. In contrast to SS members from other countries, who were grouped into either the Germanic-SS or the Foreign Legions of the Waffen-SS, Austrian SS members were regular SS personnel. It was technically under the command of the SS in Germany but often acted independently concerning Austrian affairs. The Austrian SS was founded in 1930 and by 1934 was acting as a covert force to bring about the Anschluss with Germany, which occurred in March 1938. Early Austrian SS leaders were Kaltenbrunner and Arthur Seyss-Inquart. Austrian SS members served in every branch of the SS. Austrians constituted 8 percent of the Third Reich's population and 13 percent of the SS; 40 percent of the staff and 75 percent of commanders at death camps were Austrian. After the Anschluss, the Austrian SS was folded into SS-Oberabschnitt Donau. The third regiment of the SS-Verfügungstruppe (Der Führer) and the