is parted into several lands: Spitsbergen: Albert I Land Haakon VII Land Andrée Land Prins Karls Forland Oscar II Land James I Land Dickson Land Ny-Friesland Olav V Land Bünsow Land Sabine Land Nordenskiöld Land Heer Land Nathorst Land Wedel Jarlsberg Land Torell Land Sørkapp Land Nordaustlandet Gustav V Land Prins Oscars Land Orvin Land Gustav Adolf Land Fjords There are numerous fjords among the Svalbard islands; the five longest of which (measured from the head to open sea) are listed here: Wijdefjorden, Isfjorden, Van Mijenfjorden, Woodfjorden, Wahlenbergfjord, Coastlines Coastlines of the Svalbard islands (listed from largest island to smallest) show the extensive variability characteristic of glacial formation: Spitsbergen, Nordaustlandet, Edgeøya, Barentsøya, Kvitøya, Prins Karls Forland, Kongsøya, Bear Island (Bjørnøya), Hopen, > Svenskøya, Wilhelm Island, Other smaller islands and skerries, Mountains Although they are small when compared with the mountains of Norway, the elevation of the Svalbard island mountains accounts for much of the glacial erosion: Newtontoppen, Perriertoppen, Ceresfjellet, Chadwickryggen, Galileotoppen, Glaciers Austfonna (with Sørfonna and Vegafonna), Olav V Land, Vestfonna, Åsgårdfonna, Edgeøyjøkulen, Hinlopenbreen, Negribreen, Bråsvellbreen, Etonbreen, Leighbreen, Holtedahlfonna (with Isachsenfonna), Kvitøyjøkulen (Kvitøya (island)), Stonebreen, Kronebreen, Hochstetterbreen, Barentsjøkulen, Balderfonna, Nathorstbreen, Monacobreen, Rivers Agardhelva Bungeelva Grøndalselva Lidelva Longyear River Reindalselva Sassenelva Semmeldalselva Slaklielva Vinda Settlements Inhabited Barentsburg (Баренцбург) (Russian settlement — population of 400) Bear Island (Norwegian weather station, population of 9) Hopen (Norwegian weather station, population of 4) Hornsund (Polish research station, population of 8) Longyearbyen (population of ≈2,000) Ny-Ålesund (population of 40) Sveagruva (population of 310, none living permanently) No roads link the settlements on the island; transportation includes boat, airplane, helicopter, and snowmobile. The gateway to Svalbard is Svalbard Airport, Longyearbyen. Former Harlingen kokerij (Dutch settlement established in 1636 in Houcker Bay, abandoned sometime after 1662) Kobbefjorden (also Robbe Bay or Copenhagen Bay) (Danish settlement established in 1631, abandoned in 1658) Engelskbukta (English settlement established around 1615, occupied until mid-century) Gravneset (English settlement established in the early 17th century, abandoned between 1624 and 1632, after which time it was appropriated by the Dutch) Grumant (Grumantbyen) (Грумант) (Russian settlement, abandoned in 1961, revival of mining operations announced in 2003) Gåshamna (Two English settlements, established sometime around 1618 and occupied until at least 1655) Lægerneset (Dutch settlement appropriated by the English in 1615, occupied by the latter until the 1650s) Port Louis (French settlement established in 1633, abandoned in 1637) Pyramiden (Пирамида) (Russian settlement, abandoned in 1998) Smeerenburg (Danish-Dutch settlement