Hard As Nails zine in England. In the late 1960s, some skinheads in the United Kingdom (including black skinheads) engaged in violence against South Asian immigrants (an act known as Paki bashing in common slang). There had, however, also been anti-racist skinheads since the beginning of the subculture, especially in Scotland and Northern England. On the far left of the skinhead subculture, redskins and anarchist skinheads take a militant anti-fascist and pro-working class stance. The phrase "all cops are bastards" was popularized among some skinheads by The 4-Skins's 1982 song "A.C.A.B." In the United Kingdom, two groups with significant numbers of leftist skinhead members were Red Action, which started in 1981, and Anti-Fascist Action, which started in 1985. Internationally, the most notable skinhead organization is Skinheads Against Racial Prejudice, which formed in the New York City area in 1987 and then spread to other countries. See also SHARP - Skinheads Against Racial Prejudice List of skinhead films Sources Notes References Further reading Skinheads in Russia Victor Schnirelmann, «Чистильщики московских улиц»: скинхеды, СМИ и общественное мнение. ["Sweepers of Moscow Streets": Skinheads, Media, and Popular Opinion] М.: Academia, 2007. 116 стр. External links Skinhead 1968 establishments in England Punk rock Working-class culture in the United Kingdom Social class subcultures Socioeconomic stereotypes