Colony, South Africa 1921 – Malta (suspended from 1936 to 1947, and from 1959 to 1962) 1923 – Southern Rhodesia 1947 – India 1947 – Pakistan 1948 – Israel (independence from the British Mandate) In German history In the early 1860s, the Prussian Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck was involved in a bitter dispute with the Liberals, who sought to institute a system of responsible government modeled on that of Britain. Bismarck, who strongly opposed that demand, managed to deflect the pressure by embarking energetically and successfully on the unification of Germany. The Liberals, who were also strong German nationalists, backed Bismarck's unification efforts and tacitly accepted that the Constitution of Imperial Germany, crafted by Bismarck, did not include a responsible government – the Chancellor being accountable solely to the emperor and needing no parliamentary confidence. Germany gained a responsible government only with the Weimar Republic and more securely with the creation of the Federal Republic of Germany. Historians account the lack of responsible government in the formative decades of united Germany as one of the factors contributing to the prolonged weakness of German democratic institutions, lasting also after such a government was finally instituted. See also Fusion of powers Notes References Citations Sources Arthur Berriedale Keith. Responsible Government in the Dominions, 1912. Molteno, P. A. The Life and Times of John Charles Molteno. Comprising a History of Representative Institutions and Responsible Government at the Cape. London: Smith, Elder & Co., Waterloo Place, 1900. Status and Respectability in the Cape Colony, 1750–1870: A Tragedy of Manners. Robert Ross, David Anderson. Cambridge University Press. 1999. . Further reading Constitution of Canada Political history of Canada Politics of New Zealand Political history of Australia Westminster system Political terms in the United Kingdom Political terminology in Canada Political terminology in Australia Accountability Governance of the British Empire 1872 establishments in the Cape Colony Political history of South Africa Politics of the Cape Colony