and elapsed time measured by the observers themselves, not some inertial observer). They are comoving and inertial before and after this phase. In Minkowski geometry, the length along the line of simultaneity turns out to be greater than the length along the line of simultaneity . The length increase can be calculated with the help of the Lorentz transformation. If, as illustrated in Fig. 4-5, the acceleration is finished, the ships will remain at a constant offset in some frame If and are the ships' positions in the positions in frame are: The "paradox", as it were, comes from the way that Bell constructed his example. In the usual discussion of Lorentz contraction, the rest length is fixed and the moving length shortens as measured in frame . As shown in Fig. 4-5, Bell's example asserts the moving lengths and measured in frame to be fixed, thereby forcing the rest frame length in frame to increase. Accelerated observer with horizon Certain special relativity problem setups can lead to insight about phenomena normally associated with general relativity, such as event horizons. In the text accompanying Fig. 2-7, the magenta hyperbolae represented actual paths that are tracked by a constantly accelerating traveler in spacetime. During periods of positive acceleration, the traveler's velocity just approaches the speed of light, while, measured in our frame, the traveler's acceleration constantly decreases. Fig. 4-6 details various features of the traveler's motions with more specificity. At any given moment, her space axis is formed by a line passing through the origin and her current position on the hyperbola, while her time axis is the tangent to the hyperbola at her position. The velocity parameter approaches a limit of one as increases. Likewise, approaches infinity. The shape of the invariant hyperbola corresponds to a path of constant proper acceleration. This is demonstrable as follows: We remember that Since we conclude that From the relativistic force law, Substituting from step 2 and the expression for from step 3 yields which is a constant expression. Fig. 4-6 illustrates a specific calculated scenario. Terence (A) and Stella (B) initially stand together 100 light hours from the origin. Stella lifts off at time 0, her spacecraft accelerating at 0.01 c per hour. Every twenty hours, Terence radios updates to Stella about the situation at home (solid green lines). Stella receives these regular transmissions, but the increasing distance (offset in part by time