though without the right to speak or vote. He also allowed more information about daily General Congregations to be provided to the press. Second period: 29 September – 4 December 1963 Opening In his hour-long Opening Address, Pope Paul reiterated the importance of the council, of Pope John's vision, of aggiornamento, and outlined what he considered to be the council's four tasks: The Church must present the world with a statement of its self-understanding. Aggiornamento must continue, not by breaking with tradition, but by removing what is defective. The Church must work towards unity among all Christians. Saying this, he turned to the non-Catholic observers and apologized for any injury the Catholic Church might have caused other Christians. The Church must engage in dialogue with the world: “not to conquer but to serve, not to despise but to appreciate, not to condemn but to comfort and save”. Five schemas were on the agenda for the Second Period, as well as the two accepted in principle during the First Period: Liturgy and Means of Social Communication. Schema on the Church It was practically a new schema compared to the one discussed in the First Period. It now contained much more Biblical imagery than legal language (believers were now called the “People of God” rather than the “subjects of the Church”), and there were 4 chapters instead of 11: 1. The Mystery of the Church 2. The Hierarchical Structure of the Church 3. The People of God 4. The Universal Call to Holiness (an expansion of the former “The States of Perfection”) After 2 days of debate, it was accepted in principle by a vote of 2,231 to 43. Chapter 1: The Mystery of the Church The most important issue in this chapter concerned the relation of the Mystical body of Christ to the Catholic Church and to other Christian denominations. Instead of speaking of membership in the Church, the schema spoke of being “in communion with” the Church: this allowed it to say that non-Catholic Christians were in “imperfect communion” with the Church of Christ. Many elements of sanctification are available outside the Church, and the Holy Spirit works for the sanctification of all the baptized. Chapter 2: The Hierarchical Structure of the Church The question of the relation of bishops to the Pope would be the great bone of contention of the Second Session. The traditional view was that bishops