rapid state-led capitalist reform and industrialization. This led to a depletion of workforce in agriculture and a decrease of the rural population. The working conditions in the factories were deplorable. All civil liberty restrictions were justified under the Yushin system supposedly to discipline the workforce in the face of the threat of North Korea. The strict labor laws were violently enforced. The Yushin system led to great discontent among intellectuals and students in the 1970s and made campuses around South Korea spaces for antigovernment activism. Dissidence was practiced through small reading groups and educational activities provided by religious human rights organizations to escape governmental scrutiny. Students also became involved in distributing critical opinions through an underground press and many students who were expelled from school due to their activities were believed to have gone into the publishing business, where critical journalists had formed the Council for Democratic Press. Three main political camps can be distinguished in the Korean student movement of the 1980s: The National Liberation (NL), the National Democracy (ND) and the People's Democracy. Although they leaned on different political views, all facilitated several organizations and together they managed to mobilize two major demonstrations. In the so-called 'Great June Democratic Struggle' in 1987, over a million people attended an illegal street riot that led to a sweeping political change including a direct presidential election. The second protest was the 'Great Worker Struggle', which opened up the path for an independent trade union movement. January 1987 torture and death of Park Jong-Chul The Chun Doo Hwan administration, oppressed a pro-democracy movement by force of arms. In this process, many citizens and students were tortured by the police force. The torture and death of Park Jong-Chul is one of these cases. Although the police announced that this affair was simply a shock death, they later officially admitted to torturing Jong-Chul with water after an autopsy was done on the body. After part of the affair's truth was revealed, the opposition party launched a new offense against the Chun Doo Hwan administration. A memorial rally related to this affair led to the June Democracy Movement in 1987. June 1987 death of Lee Han-Yeol As demonstrations intensified, students in Yonsei University swore to take to the field and demonstrated at the university on 9 June 1987. During the protest, Yonsei student Lee Han-yeol was seriously injured when a tear gas grenade penetrated his