Nuriye Ulviye Mevlan Civelek (1893 – 9 April 1964) was a Turkish women's rights advocate, suffragist, journalist and founder of the first feminist women's magazine and Muslim women's rights organization in Turkey. The magazine was the first to publish a photograph of a Muslim woman. Early life Nuriye Ulviye Yediç was born in 1893 to Safiye Hanım and Mahmut Yediç probably in Hacıvelioba, Gönen, Ottoman Empire, though some sources give her birthplace as Syria and others indicate it was in central Turkey in Göreme. Her father was a farmer and was of Circassian heritage having been forced to leave the North Caucasus after the conquest of the Russian Empire. Due to financial setbacks, the family was living in impoverished conditions and sent their daughter to live at the Yıldız Palace at the age of six. She was raised there and received instruction on proper behavior, palace rules and religion. As was customary, she was married at age thirteen in 1906. Her husband, Hulusi Bey, was a foster brother of the sultan and died soon after the marriage. Career Using money she inherited, Bey founded the magazine Women's World () using the name Nuriye Ulviye on 4 April, 1913. Within the next month, on May 28, 1913, she founded the Ottoman Society for the Defense of Women’s Rights (), with the aim to improve women's education and employment opportunities and reform dress codes. Though the association was primarily an organization of Muslim women, there were ethnic minority members as well as European journalists. In the beginning, the magazine was published daily. After 100 issues, she began publishing it on a weekly basis and after the 108th issue (probably around 7 September 1913) she began signing her articles as Ulviye Mevlan, having taken the surname of her new husband, Rıfat Mevlan (also sometimes shown as Mevlanzâde Rıfat Bey), a journalist and politician. The journal was the first magazine to publish the photograph of a Muslim woman. None of the staff nor writers were male; Mevlan excluded men because men excluded women from legal participation in society. In her articles, Mevlan elucidated clear goals including women' right to higher education, equal pay for women and admission of women to civil service posts, and reiterated the theme that improvement in women's lives would also improve men's lives. She also argued that women should be able to wear a headscarf instead of the veil, should