Clarence Mlami Makwetu (6 December 1928 – 1 April 2016) was a South African anti-apartheid activist, politician, and leader of the Pan Africanist Congress of Azania (PAC) during the historic 1994 elections. Personal life Clarence Mlami Makwetu was born on 6 December 1928 in Hoyita, Cofimvaba in the bantustan of Transkei. He was the second of five children of Minah and Gqongo Makwetu. He was educated at Keilands Mission School in the Stutterheim district and matriculated at Lovedale, near Alice in the Eastern Cape. Makwetu left the Transkei for Cape Town where African were not allowed after a brief stint in Port Elizabeth as a casual worker in the late 1940s. In Cape Town he was received by Chris Hani’s elder brother, with whom he was friends. He had a stint in a factory that made children’s toys, but left work after intermittent pass raids by the police. Makwetu soon became self-employed and sold various goods from his flat in Langa before he became involved in the struggle for liberation in 1952. Anti-apartheid activity Clarence Makwetu became involved in the struggle for liberation when he joined the 1952 Defiance campaign, an anti-apartheid pass laws campaign organised by the African National Congress. In 1954, he had joined the ANC Youth League as a member. Disillusioned by the ANC's approach to the fight for liberation, Makwetu joined the Africanist faction led Robert Sobukwe. This faction believed in the saying Africa for Africa which meant that Africans had to determine their future. On 6 April 1959, Makwetu and other Africanists such as Potlako Leballo formed the Pan Africanist Congress under the leadership of Robert Sobukwe at Orlando Community Hall in Soweto. One of Makwetu's main reasons for supporting the PAC was its commitment to restoring the land to the African people. Makwetu became the PAC secretary at Langa Flats. While Sobukwe led thousands of people against pass laws in Sharpville on 21 March 1960, Makwetu was one of the 6000 men who had gathered to march to the Langa police station for the same cause on the same day. On 30 March 1960, a state of the emergency was declared and Makwetu was detained from March until September 1960.During this period the PAC was banned. In August 1961 he was arrested in Cape Town and escorted to Transkei where he was banished. A month later he was again detained from September 1961 to