Elsa Nadezhda Bravo Cladera (Russian pronunciation [nah 'DYEZH dah] Spanish pronunciation ['braßo kla'đera]) is a Bolivian linguist, researcher and writer. She is a Doctor of Philosophy (Filosofie Doktor) in Romance Languages from the University of Uppsala. She is "Académica de número" (Academic of number) of the Academia Boliviana de la Lengua. Early life and education Nadezhda Bravo Cladera was born in Oruro, Bolivia. It was her father that named her Nadezhda which means hope in Russian and has the diminutive "Nadya". Her father Fernando Bravo James (Potosí 1912– La Paz 1962) was a Bolivian politician, senior lecturer at the Universidad Técnica de Oruro and at the Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA) in La Paz. Her mother Elsa Cladera de Bravo (Oruro 1922– Fribourg 2005) was a Bolivian union leader and educator, leader of the teachers organisation in Bolivia, delegate at the "Asamblea del Pueblo" in 1971, engaged in the work for women's emancipation. Nadezhda has two younger sisters Emma Bolshia and María Alexandra. She attended the Anglo American School in Oruro and when the family moved to La Paz Hugo Dávila Senior High School where she graduated as Bachelor in Humanities (1961). At the "Instituto Normal Superior Simón Bolivar" in La Paz she became a teacher of English and French languages (1966) for the Senior High School. After Hugo Banzer's coup d'état (1971) in Bolivia she was imprisoned. Thanks to a scholarship of the French Government, she studied at the University of Franche-Comté in Besançon where she obtained her Licence ès Lettres de Linguistique (1973). Nadezhda met her husband, Anders Nilsson, at the university of Besançon. "It was love that took her to Sweden". They have two sons: Andrés Fernando and Ernesto Ricardo. In Sweden, she obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree (Filosofie kandidatexamen) (1983) and a Master of Arts degree (Filosofie Magisterexamen) (1997), with a major in Spanish, at the University of Stockholm and her Doctor of Philosophy degree (Filosofie Doktorsexamen) in Romance Languages with a major in Hispanic Linguistics (2004) at the University of Uppsala. "She defended her thesis in Spanish with French guidance". Work and research Bravo Cladera's main areas of research are dialogue studies, spontaneous conversations and discourse markers. She has directed the linguistic projects entitled "Spanish of Bilingual Youth of Stockholm" (Español de Jóvenes Bilingües de Estocolmo- EJBE (2005–2016)). Now she directs the projects: "Spanish of Youth of the City of El Alto" (Castellano