of decision support. Knowledge crystals are also used in Climate Watch, a monitoring platform for city-level climate mitigation. There are different kinds of knowledge crystals. Assessments are produced to answer practical information needs related to actual decisions to be made. They consist of variables, which contain answers to related scientific questions such as health impacts of planned decision actions. There are also methods, which give specific guidance on how to produce a particular kind of variable, e.g. a disease burden estimate. Typically, knowledge crystals are continually updated when new information arises. However, assessments are usually closed when the decision has been made, but the variables that the assessments used are kept open and used in subsequent assessments. The standardised structure of knowledge crystals enables the building of assessment models or different Internet applications on top of them. This is based on the idea that even though the content is updated, a knowledge crystal remains in the same, computer-readable format with a permanent URL. A specific feature is also that an understandable summary, technical details and metadata for an expert, possible discussions, and open data are all found from the same page. Criticism The main criticism by researchers has been that collaborating online will take time away from the real work, namely publishing scientific articles about original research. Also, doubts have been presented whether it would be possible to manage a scientifically high-quality process if anyone could participate, even those who have vested interest in the topic. See also Opasnet Open assessment Climate Watch Knowledge Engine (Wikimedia Foundation) Question answering Probabilistic logic Probabilistic logic network Dempster–Shafer theory References Further reading Ben Goertzel, Matthew Iklé, Izabela Freire Goertzel, Ari Heljakka. Probabilistic Logic Networks: A Comprehensive Framework for Uncertain Inference. Springer (1 edition November 11, 2008). . Impact assessment Probability assessment Computer-related introductions in 2007