The Tuskegee Institute Silver Anniversary Lecture was an event at Carnegie Hall on January 23, 1906, to support the education of African Americans in the South. It involved many prominent members of New York society, with speakers including Booker T. Washington, Mark Twain, Joseph Hodges Choate, and Robert Curtis Ogden. It was the beginning of a fund raising drive started by Booker T. Washington for the Tuskegee Institute with a goal of making up the annual operating shortfall, plant improvements, and creating an endowment. There were three distinct appeals for the fundraising: adding an annual income of $90,000 a year, creating an endowment of $1,800,000, and installing a heating plant at a cost of $34,000. The donations were to be made with the idea that an educational duty was owing to the African Americans that had become a part of the population of the United States upon the abolition of slavery. The lecture at Carnegie Hall was in honor of the "silver jubilee" celebration, or 25 years since Tuskegee Institute was founded in April 1881. The event The lecture took place on January 23, 1906, and was reported on the next day as the lead story on the front page of The New York Times. The speakers included Washington himself, along with great orators of the day including Mark Twain, Joseph Hodges Choate, and Robert Curtis Ogden. Eight African American singers entertained between the speeches with revival songs. Carnegie Hall was filled to capacity the night of the lecture, with a large group gathering outside. The New York Times likened the crowd to ones seen at Carnegie Hall a few months earlier, when New York District Attorney William Travers Jerome had used the venue to orchestrate his reelection campaign. Many New York luminaries attended: John D. Rockefeller, Henry H. Rogers, Clarence H. Mackay, Morris K. Jesup, J. G. Phelps Stokes, Isaac Newton Seligman, George Foster Peabody, John Crosby Brown, Carl Schurz, W. H. Schieffelin, William Jay Schieffelin, Joseph Hodges Choate, Henry Villard, Nicholas Murray Butler, Cleveland H. Dodge, Alfred Shaw, Felix M. Warburg, R. Fulton Cutting, Collis P. Huntington, Robert Bowne Minturn, Jr., Jacob H. Schiff, Paul M. Warburg. William Jay Schieffelin, a progressive businessman and socialite related to the Vanderbilt family, opened the lecture and introduced Joseph Hodges Choate, who was a well known lawyer and diplomat. Choate was associated with many of the most famous litigations in American