the international Coalition conducted at least 22 air-strikes on ISIL positions as ground fighting continued. On 11 April, ISIL continued with its counter-attack and retook al-Rai and four other villages. In all, ISIL had recaptured in the previous two days, beside al-Rai, 17 other villages. The ISIL counter-offensive included attacks by 11 suicide car-bombers against rebel positions. At the end of the day, the rebels managed once again to retake control of eight villages. As of 12 April, ISIL was reportedly in control of 13 localities they had previously lost, including al-Rai. By 13 April, the rebels managed to retake three villages once again. However, on 14 April, ISIL seized 10 new villages, practically cutting rebel forces in two. Rebels in the town of Dudyan were effectively surrounded. The most important village that ISIL captured was Hiwar Kallis, about one kilometer south of the Turkish border. During the ISIL advance, hundreds of rebel fighters retreated across the border into Turkey. By the following day, the rebels re-secured five villages, including Hiwar Kallis, reconnecting the two rebel areas. Between 15 and 16 April, the back-and-forth fighting continued, with ISIL once again taking control of two villages, while the rebels took two others. On 17 April, ISIL again captured the village of Tall Battal, west of al-Rai. Four days after ISIL regained most of the villages it had lost, the rebels launched a new assault and once again retook two villages. However, ISIL retook them the following day, as well as one other. Second ISIL counter-attack Between 26 and 27 April, ISIL launched a new counter-attack, seizing five or six villages, including Dudyan. The rebels retreated to Azaz and Hiwar Kallis. ISIL's advance put them in a good position to strike both Azaz and Mare'. Hours later, the rebels recaptured Dudyan. Between 28 and 30 April, the rebels re-seized three other villages. Between 1 and 3 May, ISIL once again seized Dudiyan, as well as seven other villages, although they lost Dudiyan and two others several hours later. Dudiyan changed hands three more times between 5 and 7 May, eventually coming again under ISIL control. Between 7 and 13 May, back-and-forth fighting continued at four villages. Between 15 and 17 May, three villages were once again under rebel control, preventing a potential ISIL attack on Azaz. However, ISIL took five villages on 19 May, including those they lost. Siege of Mare' and