of socialism and temperance. On becoming editor, he led a campaign against ILP disaffiliation from Labour. He also printed some articles by Trotsky. He took a pacifist position in the Second World War, which led him to break with Johnston, and much of the rest of the Labour movement; during the conflict, almost all the articles in the paper were written by Hughes. Later history Johnston left politics in 1946; he sold his shares in the newspaper to a group on the right wing of the Labour Party, and its office was moved to London. Muirhead was bitterly disappointed by this, and in 1950 founded Forward Scotland, a rival paper which acted as the voice of the Scottish National Congress, published until his death in 1964. Meanwhile, in London, Hughes continued as editor of Forward for two more years, but was then sacked by the board of directors for opposing. Despite this, he continued to write a weekly column. George Thomson, who had been assistant editor since the relocation, took over the editorial post, now back in Glasgow, serving for five years. By 1956, the paper was close to closure. It was purchased by John Diamond, Harry Greenhill and Alf Robens, against the objections of Hughes and Muirhead. They again relocated the paper to London, with Francis Williams as editor and John Harris soon becoming his assistant. They hoped to make it a rival to Tribune, and the Conservative Party was sufficiently concerned to revamp its own rival, Onward. However, Forward failed to prosper, and was closed in 1959. References 1906 establishments in Scotland Mass media in Glasgow Publications established in 1906 Publications disestablished in 1959 Red Clydeside Socialist newspapers published in the United Kingdom