massacres of the Kurdish population appeared, Turkey ended being host to 200,000 Iraqi Kurds in a few days. Four days later, 1,500 refugees had died from exposure. One month later, the vast majority of refugees returned to Iraq. Following the 1991 uprising of the Iraqi people against Saddam Hussein, many Kurds were forced to flee the country to become refugees in bordering regions of Iran and Turkey. A northern no-fly zone was established following the First Gulf War in 1991 to facilitate the return of Kurdish refugees. 1.5 million Kurds were displaced during the 1991 uprisings in Iraq with cities like Tuz Khormato having a rate of displacement as high as 90%; at least 48,400 of Kurds starved to death due to displacements possibly 140,600. Displacement during the Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978-present) In total up to 3,000,000 people (mainly Kurds) have been displaced in the Kurdish–Turkish conflict, an estimated 1,000,000 of which were still internally displaced as of 2009. Refugees of Kurdish-Iranian conflict Large-scale confrontations between Iranian military and PJAK resulted also in displacement of Kurdish civilians. By July 26, more than 50 PJAK fighters and 8 Revolutionary Guards had been killed, and at least 100 PJAK fighters had been wounded according to Iranian sources, while over 800 people had been displaced by the fighting. Moqebleh (Moquoble) refugee camp After the 2004 events in Qamishli, thousands of Kurds fled Syria to the Kurdish Region of Iraq. Local authorities there, the UNHCR and other UN agencies established the Moqebleh camp at a former Army base near Dohuk. Syrian civil war In response to the crisis in Syria, the Kurdish Regional Government and UNHCR established the Domiz Refugee Camp, across the border from Kurdish Syrian territories in the semi-autonomous Iraqi Kurdistan. The camp, which is majority Kurdish, accommodates thousands of Syrian Kurds, offering shelter and medical care. A nearby camp offers men the option of military training, with the intention of protecting Kurdish-held territories in Syria. Kobane crisis As of result of the Kobane crisis in September 2014, most of the Syrian Kurdish population of the Kobane Canton fled into Turkey. More than 300,000 Syrian refugees are estimated to have flowed into Turkey. Kurdish diaspora out of the Middle East According to a report by the Council of Europe, approximately 1.3 million Kurds live in Western Europe. The earliest immigrants were Kurds from Turkey, who settled in Germany, Austria, the Benelux countries, Great