la bella Dori". It is not unlikely that this collection may first have appeared in Italy, and become known to English musicians, or rather to Thomas Morley, through the agency of Nicholas Yonge, who, as we know from the preface to Musica Transalpina, was in the habit of receiving all the new music from Italy. If Hawkins's account of the circumstances under which the English collection was made in honour of Queen Elizabeth be true, the idea originated with the Earl of Nottingham, to whom the collection is dedicated, and who, with a view to alleviate the queen's concern for the execution of Essex, gave for a prize subject to the poets and musicians of the time the beauty and accomplishments of his royal mistress. Hawkins goes on to surmise that the queen was fond of the name Oriana, but at the same time adds, on Camden's authority, that a Spanish ambassador had libelled her by the name of Amadis Oriana, and for his insolence was put under a guard. This last circumstance would account for the fact, which seems to have been alike unknown to Hawkins and to Hawes, the editor of the reprint of the collection, that The Triumphs of Oriana was not actually published till after the queen's death in 1603. On this supposition the name which was intended to please the queen gave her great offence, so that the publication had to be delayed. This accounts for the presence of two madrigals, by Pilkington and Bateson respectively, in which the burden of the words runs "In Heaven lives Oriana", instead of the ending common to all the rest of the compositions, "Long live fair Oriana". The contribution of Michael East arrived too late to be inserted in any other place than immediately after the dedication, and Bateson's When Oriana walked to take the air was too late to be printed at all in the collection. It was placed in the first set of madrigals by this composer, which was published by East later on in 1603, together with Weelkes's second set, and Medulla Musicke by Byrd and Ferrabosco. The publications of 1604 are Michael East's first set of madrigals, &c., the First Book of Songs or Ayres of four parts, composed by Ff. P. (Francis Pilkington). The remaining books which are undoubtedly of East's printing are Byrd's Gradualia, 1605, Youll's Canzonets, and Croce's Musica Sacra, 1607.