tamed. He used his authority to appoint other members including Tjokroaminoto (Sarekat Islam) and Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo (Insulinde). Formation and actions The Volksraad was officially founded in Weltevreden, Batavia, Java, on 18 May 1918 by the Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies, Johan Paul, Count van Limburg Stirum (1873–1948). The building used for the Volksraad, built by the Dutch in 1830, is on Jalan Pejambon in Central Jakarta. In 1945 it was used for meetings of the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence, and as future president Sukarno gave his famous Pancasila speech there, it is now known as the Pancasila Building (). There were two short Volksraad sessions every year. In its first session, which opened on 21 May 1918, J.C Koningenberger was elected chairman for 1918–1919. A motion to send a "loyal cable" to the Queen of the Netherlands was rejected, while another allowing debates to be conducted in Malay was passed. In the second session that year, in November, the 'Radicale Concentratie' was established as a faction. Through it, Tjokroaminito called for the Volksraad to become more than just an advisory body, but a representative body for the people of the Dutch East Indies, especially native Indonesians. The strong criticism of the colonial administration from both Indonesian and Dutch members, especially given the turbulent political events in Europe at the time, caused so much concern that the in November Governor-General van Limburg Stirum addressed the Volksraad and promised extensive administrative reforms. This motivated Indonesian nationalist figures, and Tjoroaminoto immediately organised members and put forward motion for the government to immediately bring about the major changes promised to the political system and governance of the East Indies. The motion, proposed by the 'Radicale Concentratie' called on the administration to immediately establish an elected parliament with the right to pass laws work with domestic political organisations establish a new government acceptable to the Volksraad before 1921 The Dutch government established a commission headed by Professor Carpentier Alting to study the motion. Based on the advice of this commission, the motion was rejected almost two years later in 1920. The unkept promises from the governor-general subsequently became known bitterly as the "November promises". Abdul Muis no longer saw any point in the Volksraad and resigned in 1921. He was replaced by Agus Salim. In 1927 the Volksraad was made a co-legislative body, but the governor-general retained a veto. The main