cattle near Fort Union, killing two herdsmen in the process. After that the U.S. Army 1st Dragoons launched an expedition into Apacheria. The first engagement was fought on March 30 when First Lieutenant John Davidson's launched an unauthorized attack on a Jicarilla village near the present day Pilar, New Mexico. In the subsequent Battle of Cieneguilla, sixty American cavalrymen fought an estimated 250 Apaches and Ute warriors under the war chief Flechas Rayadas. Fighting began at around 8:00 am and lasted for over three hours, by the end of which, 22 soldiers were killed and another 36 were wounded. Davidson's command was forced to retreat having inflicted about 20 deaths on the Native force. A week later on April 8, a large force of about 200 American cavalrymen, 100 men of the 3rd Infantry, and 32 scouts, found the Jicarillas of Chief Chacon in Ojo Caliente Canyon. During the battle that followed, commander Philip St. George Cooke defeated about 150 warriors, killing five of them and wounding six others without sustaining any casualties to his own command. The Jicarillas where dispersed at that point, and without a camp many of them died in the extreme cold weather. The battle was also notable for having involved Kit Carson, who guided the U.S. Army during the expedition, and First Lieutenant George Sykes, who later commanded the V Corps, Army of the Potomac, in the American Civil War. After the Ojo Caliente battle, the war was mostly over with the exception of a few smaller raids and skirmishes over the next several months. Notes References Jicarilla Jicarilla Jicarilla Jicarilla Jicarilla 1849 in New Mexico Territory 1850 in New Mexico Territory 1853 in New Mexico Territory 1854 in New Mexico Territory 1855 in New Mexico Territory Jicarilla Conflicts in 1849 Conflicts in 1850 Conflicts in 1853 Jicarilla Jicarilla Jicarilla Apache