can be applied to control processes with strong nonlinearities and to batch processes, for instance polymer reactors. Soft sensors products to infer the value of un-measured variables from measurements by means of combining a plant model with mathematical methods such as the Kalman Filter. Dynamic process simulation simulators that are fitted using estimation theory to plant data and are used as process analogs in engineering analysis. These simulators give predictions of transient and dynamic behavior of the plant as well as the stationary responses, and can be used for operator training, "what-if" analysis or bottleneck analysis. These simulators can be implemented to run in real-time in parallel with the process plant as an online model. References External links Cybernetica – official homepage Sintef – Part owner Department of Engineering Cybernetics – At Norwegian University of Science and Technology NFAplassen – Norwegian Society of Automation(NFA). Arclin – official homepage Technology companies of Norway Companies based in Trondheim