(later King Charles XIII) commuted the sentence to exile. Exile In August 1792 Ribbing was deported to Denmark, and thence made his way to France. Despite his enthusiasm for the Revolution he was unsettled by the burgeoning Reign of Terror and therefore left France, relocating first to Switzerland, where he had an affair with the famous writer Madame de Staël, and then back to Denmark. By 1796 the situation in France had calmed down sufficiently for Ribbing to return to Paris. He adopted his mother's maiden name, de Leuven, and lived a quiet, apolitical life for the next nineteen years, during which time he married Adèle Billard, daughter of the doctor Jean Pierre Billard. As a known regicide, Adolph de Leuven (as he now called himself) did not feel safe during the White Terror of 1815, and he therefore left France again, this time for Brussels, where he found work as a journalist for the radical newspaper Le Vrai Libéral. His writings for this organ earned him the enmity of King Frederick William III of Prussia, who in 1820 persuaded the United Kingdom of the Netherlands to deport him. He returned to France, where persecution of radicals had eased since 1815, and continued to work in left-wing journalism, this time for Le Courrier Français. In 1830, aged 65, he took an active role in the July Revolution which overthrew the reactionary Bourbon restoration regime and installed the liberal July Monarchy. He died in 1843. His son and namesake, Adolphe de Leuven, was a noted playwright and theatre director. References Sources Cecilia af Klercker (1903). Hedvig Elisabeth Charlottas dagbok II 1783-1788. P.A. Norstedt & Söners förlag. Sid. 212 1765 births Swedish duellists 1843 deaths 1792 crimes in Europe Swedish regicides Swedish people convicted of murder People convicted of murder by Sweden Swedish nobility Swedish expatriates in France