Zhemgang Dzongs. The Wangchuck family originated in this Bumthang region of central Bhutan. The Wangchucks belong to the Nyö clan, and are descended from Pema Lingpa, a Bhutanese Nyingmapa saint. The Nyö clan emerged as a local aristocracy, supplanting many older aristocratic families of Tibetan origin that sided with Tibet during invasions of Bhutan. In doing so, the clan came to occupy the hereditary position of Penlop of Trongsa, as well as significant national and local government positions. A member of this elite family, the 10th Penlop of Trongsa Jigme Namgyel (r. 1853–1870) began consolidating power, paving the way for his son the 12th Penlop of Trongsa (and 21st Penlop of Paro) Ugyen Wangchuck to prevail in battle against all rival penlops and establish the monarchy in 1907. With the establishment of the monarchy and consolidation of power, the traditional roles of provinces, their rulers, and the dual system of government came to an end. See also Bumthang District Bumthang language Dzongpen House of Wangchuck History of Bhutan Penlop Provinces of Bhutan References Provinces of Bhutan