Population planning in Singapore spans two distinct phases: first to slow and reverse the boom in births that started after World War II; and second, from the 1980s onwards, to encourage parents to have more children because birth numbers had fallen below replacement levels. The first phase started with the launch of the Singapore Family Planning and Population Board in 1966 to aggressively promote family planning after Singapore faced "post-war food and housing shortages". SFPPB targeted low-socioeconomic status individuals, particularly females, and worked to encourage contraceptive use, such as condoms and birth control. The SFPPB advocated for small families, establishing the "Stop-at-Two" program, which pushed for small two-children families and promoted sterilisation in order to have population control. SFPPB also opened more clinics to better the health and welfare of families. The government program "Stop-at-Two" was very successful. The program could even be considered too successful. The policy that encouraged couples to have no more than two children started to cause a population decline and impact the population structure of Singapore in a negative manner. The government has made attempts to reverse the falling birth rates, initiating phase two. Phase two has been very unsuccessful. A lot of policies set in place by the government during phase one made phase two difficult to take place. In phase one, civil workers were not paid for maternity leave after their second child, hospital fees were higher after the second child, top school choices were given to only children with parents who had been sterilized before the age of 40, which was rewarded with seven days of paid leave. During phase two, several of these policies were still taking place and individuals remained having one child, or no children. The government eventually became pro-natalist, and officially announced its replacement "Have-Three-or-More (if you can afford it)" in 1987, in which the government continued its efforts to better the quality and quantity of the population while discouraging low-income families from having children. The Social Development Unit (SDU) was also established in 1984 to promote marriage and romance between educated individuals. Phase 1: To slow and reverse Post war World War II in Singapore ended in 1945, and the years following caused the population to increase faster than the economy was developing. There were about 1 million baby boomers born between the years of 1947 and 1964, live births increasing 58%. With the rapid increase of