Cross Tipperary, formally the County of the Cross of Tipperary, was an Irish county comprising those lands within County Tipperary which were excluded from the "County of the Liberty of Tipperary", the county palatine under the jurisdiction of the Earl of Ormond. Cross Tipperary existed from the granting of the liberty in 1328 until 1637, and was explicitly abolished along with the palatine jurisdiction in 1715. Creation After the Norman invasion of Ireland, only the most securely controlled areas on the east and south coast were shired into "royal counties", with sheriffs answerable to the chief governor based in Dublin. Areas impractical of full control were granted to magnates as "liberties" or "palatine counties", with seneschals appointed by the local overlord. The "crosslands" owned by the church (whether the diocese or a religious order) were exempted from each such grant and remained under royal jurisdiction. Tipperary was a royal county in the 13th century, but the English Lordship of Ireland's control loosened after Edward Bruce's campaign of 1315–18. Control of Tipperary was tenuous and so the liberty was granted to James Butler, 1st Earl of Ormond in 1328. The excluded crosslands became a separate county. They included the town of Cashel, seat of the Archbishop of Cashel, and scattered other crosslands. Each of the other liberties was either forfeited or merged in the Crown, such that its territory was combined with the corresponding County of the Cross and established as a single royal county. Thus, eventually, only Cross Tipperary remained as an anomaly. Crosslands Only those lands in church ownership at the time of the 1328 grant were part of the county of the cross; lands acquired by the church subsequently were not added to it, and lands ceded by the church remained part of it. This was most notable after the Dissolution of the monasteries instigated by Henry VIII. The Irish Manuscripts Commission's report on Down Survey of the 1650s states, 'To establish the identity "of the lands of Abbeys and houses of religion within the precincts of Cross Tipperary" would be a considerable undertaking'. A 1600 list of freeholders in Cross Tipperary included holders of land in the baronies of Middle Third, Clanwilliam, Slievardagh, and Eliogarty, and the town of Clonmel. A county jury of Cross Tipperary in 1606 had members from Fethard, Ballyclerahan, Lattin, and elsewhere. Heffernan's partial list of crossland locations names Tipperary town, Cahir, Emly,