the philosophical field. Although the philosophy of many of them did not affect social or political life, some interacted lively with current affairs and sometimes even stimulated societal change. Throughout the ages, Maltese philosophers did not adhere to just one philosophical tradition. The larger part pertains to the Aristotelico-Thomistic school. Every now and then, however, other trends appear along the way, especially during the last quarter of the 20th century, such as humanism, empiricism, pragmatism, existentialism, linguistic analysis and some others. But for unique, rather than rare, exceptions, theism has been a constant trait throughout the whole Maltese philosophical tradition. During the last thirty years or so philosophy in Malta took an unprecedented twist. Peter Serracino Inglott gave it an extraordinary new breath of life by widening its horizon, diversifying its interests and firmly propelling it into social and political action. This style then was taken up by others who continued this trend. Some Maltese Philosophers The following list includes some of Malta's best and most representative philosophers through the ages. Most of the philosophical contributions made by these scholars have lasting significance since they go beyond reflections which are merely descriptive, comparative or contextual. Some of them also appeal for their creativity and style. Others in the list are minor philosophers who contributed to different areas of philosophy. 15th century Peter Caxaro (c. 1400–1485) 17th century Maximilian Balzan (1637–1711) John Matthew Rispoli (1582–1639) Dominic Borg (birthdate unknown) Saverius Pace (birthdate unknown) 18th century George Sagnani (1667-1732) Constance Vella (1687–1759) John Constance Parnis (1695–1735) Joseph Demarco (1723–1789) Saviour Bernard (1724–1806) John Nicholas Muscat (1735–c. 1800) Dominic Bezzina (born c. mid-18th century) Fortunatus Victor Costa (birthdate unknown) Gaetanus Matthew Perez (birthdate unknown) Henry Regnand (birthdate unknown) 19th century Michael Anthony Vassalli (1764–1829) Jerome Inglott (1776–1835) Nicholas Zammit (1815–1899) Aloisio Galea (1851-1905) 20th century Peter Paul Borg (1843-1934) Manuel Dimech (1860–1921) John Formosa (1869-1941) Anastasio Cuschieri (1872–1962) Albert Busuttil (1891-1956) Angelo Pirotta (1894–1956) Nazzareno Camilleri (1906–1973) John Micallef (1923–2003) Edward De Bono (b. 1933-2021) Peter Serracino Inglott (1936–2012) Kenneth Wain (b. 1943) Joe Friggieri (b. 1946) Oliver Friggieri (1947–2020) Tarcisio Zarb (b. 1952) Sandra Dingli (b. 1952) Mario Vella (b. 1953) John Peter Portelli (b. 1954) Emmanuel Agius (b. 1954) Anthony Abela (1954–2006) Michael Zammit (b. 1954) Joseph Giordmaina (b. 1963) John Baldacchino (b. 1964) Mark Montebello (b. 1964) Nicky Doublet (1968-2002) Colette Sciberras (b. 1976) References Main sources J. Friggieri, ‘Philosophy