Human rights in South Sudan are a contentious issue, owing at least in part to the country's violent history. Constitutional provisions The Constitution of South Sudan describes the country as "a multi-ethnic, multi-cultural, multi-lingual, multi-religious and multi-racial entity where such diversities peacefully coexist". Part One of the Constitution also states that "South Sudan is founded on justice, equality, respect for human dignity and advancement of human rights and fundamental freedoms". Part Two of the Constitution of South Sudan includes the Bill Rights and provides a comprehensive description of rights and liberties protected under the Constitution. It states that "[all] rights and freedoms enshrined in international human rights treaties, covenants and instruments ratified or acceded to by the Republic of South Sudan will be an integral part of this Bill". The Bill covers a wide range of rights in political, civil, economic, social, and cultural spheres and places an emphasis on the rights of women, children, and the disabled. The Bill also protects freedoms, such as freedom from torture, freedom of assembly and association, freedom of worship, and freedom of expression and media, among many others. Civilian collective punishment The national army, called the Sudan People's Liberation Army, is often accused of attacking civilians on suspicion of aiding rebels. Shilluk disarmament campaign In the government's Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA)'s anti-insurgency campaign to disarm rebellions among the Shilluk and Murle, they burned scores of villages, raped hundreds of women and girls and killed an untold number of civilians. Civilians alleging torture by the SPLA claim fingernails being torn out, burning plastic bags dripped on children to make their parents hand over weapons and villagers burned alive in their huts if rebels were suspected of spending the night there. The United Nations Human Rights Council reported many of these violations, and the frustrated director of one Juba-based international aid agency called them "human rights abuses off the Richter scale". Human Rights Watch alleges that both the SPLA and the rebel group led by Johnson Olony were responsible for atrocities. Suppression of South Sudan Liberation Movement The South Sudan Liberation Movement (SSLM) led by Peter Gadet rebelled against the SPLA led government. To put down the rebellion, it was alleged that the SPLA set fire to over 7,000 homes in Unity state in May 2011. Operation Restore Peace Beginning in March 2012, security forces executed a disarmament campaign called "Operation Restore Peace" among