between stops and nasals. These are bilabial articulation, velar articulation, dental articulation, palatal articulation, alveolar articulation, and retroflex articulation. These are grouped together into more general places of articulation based on tongue placement. Bilabial and velar articulations are grouped together as peripherals because their pronunciation requires articulation at the front and back peripheries of the mouth. Dental and palatal articulations are groups under laminals as they utilise the larger central body of the tongue during pronunciation. Alveolar and retroflex are grouped as apicals because they use the tongue tip. Word initial stops are either voiced or non-aspirated and voiceless. They are also fully voiced when they occur in any other place in a word. In words that are expressively or emotionally emphasised, the stop can become aspirated. For example, when a mother firmly addresses her son with 'son' []. Laterals Bunuba utilises three laterals that are common to almost all Kimberley languages: /l/, /rl/, and /ly/. For all three, the tip of the tongue touches the roof of the mouth. The distinguishing articulatory factor is the larger central body of the tongue, which is situated low for /rl/, central for /l/ and high for /ly/.(rum) [ ɭ ] /rl/ is depicted as l in Bunuba orthography. Examples of lateral contrasts: 'outside' 'ghost gum, snappy gum' 'sand' Rhotics Bunuba has two rhotic sounds. Firstly, /rr/ the alveolar tap, similar to the trill present in Scottish English. Secondly, /r/ the retroflex continuant which is akin to other English dialects which utilise a continuant r-sound. The tongue does not touch the roof of the mouth. Glides The Bunuba [w] and [ j ] are akin to English pronunciations of /w/ and /y/ respectively. The pronunciation of the dental glide /yh/ requires a lateral spreading of the tongue, with an articulatory point similar to those of /nh/ and /th/. This glide is unique to Bunuba and the neighbouring language of Unggumi. It is also the distinguishing factor between light and heavy Bunuba dialects. Vowels Bunuba has only three basic vowel phonemes: /i, a, u/. /a/ is the only vowel demonstrating contrastive vowel length. Grammar Parts of Speech Nominals Nominals in Bunuba are free lexemes which morphemes can be added to. This is central to its distinction as a polysynthetic language. Verbal words Bunuba verbs contain affixes; a preverb, and an auxiliary. Depending on the verb, the two affixes can take on individual word meanings,