scale, and soon degenerated into warfare more reminiscent of the trenches of the Western Front during the Great War. On 23 March 1944, Penney was made a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB). Soon afterwards, towards the end of April, Brigadier Eric Dorman-Smith arrived to take command of the 3rd Brigade in Penney's division, which the latter greatly resented. The two men had attended the Staff College together in the late 1920s, and had not got along well together. Dorman-Smith had been sacked along with Auchinleck in August 1942 and returned to the United Kingdom but had been desperate to return to action, lobbying senior commanders to allow him to do so. Despite the fact that none of the senior British commanders in Italy wanted him, the order came directly from Field Marshal Sir Alan Brooke, the Chief of the Imperial General Staff (CIGS), the professional head of the British Army, and could not be refused. Penney was particularly unhappy at this news, and, upon Dorman-Smith's arrival at Anzio, greeted him with the words "I didn't want you at first and I do not want you now". Soon after this incident, however, in early May, Penney's injuries, caused during the height of the German counterattacks, returned, causing him great pain and forcing him to take sick leave. He was replaced on a temporary basis as GOC of the 1st Division by Major-General John Hawkesworth, another of Penney's Staff College classmates, GOC of the 46th Division, then resting in Palestine. Hawkesworth returned to his division in late May, and Brigadier Charles Loewen, the Commander, Royal Artillery (CRA) of X Corps, took command until Penney's return in mid-June, by which time Operation Diadem and the break-out from the Anzio beachhead had taken place, which eventually resulted in the capture of Rome. The 1st Division was then transferred to Lieutenant-General Charles Allfrey's V Corps, part of the Eighth Army. However, in late July, Penney's injuries returned again, and it became obvious that he was unable to continue on active service. Loewen, a Canadian officer serving in the British Army, became permanent GOC of the 1st Division. Soon before Penney left, he wrote an adverse report on Dorman-Smith, forcing the latter to be relieved of his command and his early retirement from the army. The Far East In November 1944 Penney became Director of Military Intelligence (DMI) at the HQ of Supreme