area became a prolonged battlefield and many of its buildings were seriously damaged in the clamor of the battle, the philosophy and letters faculty being the most affected. The testimonies of the destruction were gathered from brigade members that fought in the battle like John Sommerfield, Dan Kurzman, Bernard Knox and writers like Marta Torres Santo Domingo. Three-quarters of the university was occupied by the revolting army on 23 November. During the rest of the conflict many trenches, gun nests, refuges of all types, and bunkers were built all throughout the area of the campus, even though the front suffered almost no changes. It was the mine war the final ending that modified completely the orography of the zone. Starting on the banks of the Manzanares, the buildings of the Ciudad Universitaria were scattered in a slight uphill slope. The battle took place with the defending army at a higher altitude than the attackers at all times. There were a few buildings in the area, despite only having been built four faculties (Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Philosophy) and the Architecture, Veterinary and Agrarian Engineers. Over the Parque del Oeste there was the National Sanity Institute, the Veterinary School, the Antirrabies Department, and the Fundación del Amo (a student's residence for American students with a capacity of 100 students) and the Student's Residency. In a more northern position, there was the Palacete de la Moncloa and the Monumento a Los Héroes de las Campañas Coloniales (disappeared nowadays). In the back, there is a group of buildings with the Hospital Clínico being the most notable from them. Behind it, there was Madrid's urban area. In 1936, Madrid's urban zone from around this area was an uninterrupted series of solars. Thanks to the operations of the combat engineers colonel Tomás Ardiz Rey in collaboration with Carlos Masquelet, the Casa de Campo, the Moncloa zone and the Ciudad Universitaria became stronger. The Casa de Campo and Manzanares' bridges The Casa de Campo was completely enclosed by a wall of Toledan wall covering its exterior. Its outline was created by Francesco Sabatini and it was the model of the private park for the royal pleasure that it had been used for until 1931. There were around ten entries all along the wall, the only two that were close by were the river and the angel ones. Between the Casa de Campo and the Ciudad Universitaria,