Ophioglossum lusitanicum, the least adder's-tongue, is a small fern of the family Ophioglossaceae. It is a pan-tropically species categorised as least concern by the IUCN (2001). Description Ophioglossum lusitanicum is a small winter annual fern, and consists of a simple sterile blade attached to a spike-like fertile blade with between three and eight sunken sporangia on either side. The whole plant rarely exceeds a height of 2 cm. This species has a chromosome number of 2n = 250–260. Distribution Ophioglossum lusitanicum is native to regions bordering the eastern North Atlantic Ocean in Mauritania, Macaronesia (excluding Cape Verde), Morocco, Portugal, France up to the Isles of Scilly and Channel Islands; all countries bordering the Mediterranean; the Caucasus region and has some records in India and Vietnam. The distribution in Britain is restricted to one small area of coastal heath on St Agnes, Isles of Scilly where it was discovered by John Raven in 1950. It grows in short turf on Wingletang Down where some of the colonies are suffering from an increase of competitive grasses, gorse (Ulex europaeus) and bramble (Rubus fruticosus). Ophioglossum lusitanicum is listed on Schedule 8 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981, and is within a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). In Australasia and South America, this species is represented by a subspecies, Ophioglossum lusitanicum subsp. coriaceum (A. Cunn.) R.T. Clausen Ecology As this species is a winter annual, it requires a warm winter environment. In its British populations, it favours thin, unshaded, peaty soils in south-facing localities. Ophioglossum lusitanicum subsp. coriaceum has a much broader ecological range in southern Australia, where habitats include damp open sites; from coast meadows to alpine grassland. It is found in New South Wales, Tasmania, Queensland, and other states. Taxonomy Linnaeus was the first to describe least adder's-tongue with the binomial Ophioglossum lusitanicum in his Species Plantarum of 1753. References External links "The Ferns (Filicopsida) of the British Isles" — Ophioglossum lusitanicum Future is written in green: detailed photos of Ophioglossum lusitanicum Naturalengland.org.uk: Wingletang Downs SSSI citation BSBI Maps: Map showing distribution of Ophioglossum lusitanicum in the British Isles lusitanicum Ferns of the Americas Ferns of Asia Ferns of Australasia Ferns of Europe Ferns of Argentina Ferns of New Zealand Flora of the Canary Islands Flora of Cape Verde Flora of Iran Flora of Israel Flora of Lebanon Flora of New South Wales Flora of Palestine (region) Flora of Peru