of renewable energy Better pollution control of many kinds Collective management of common-pool resources Certification programs to reduce deforestation such as PEFC and FSC Contour farming to reduce soil erosion The green revolution Zero population growth The direct cause of environmental impact is the three factors on the right side of the I=PAT equation where Impact equals Population times Affluence (consumption per person) times Technology (environmental impact per unit of consumption). It is these three factors that solutions like those listed above seek to reduce. The top environmental organization in the world, the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), focuses exclusively on proper coupling solutions: "2010 marked the beginning of a period of new, strategic and transformational direction for UNEP as it began implementing its Medium Term Strategy (MTS) for 2010-2013 across six areas: Climate change; Disasters and conflicts; Ecosystem management; Environmental governance; Harmful substances and hazardous waste; Resource efficiency, Sustainable consumption and production." The six areas are all direct practices to reduce the three factors of the I=PAT equation. Al Gore's 2006 documentary film An Inconvenient Truth described the climate change problem and the urgency of solving it. The film concluded with Gore saying: "Each one of us is a cause of global warming, but each one of us can make choices to change that with the things we buy, the electricity we use, the cars we drive; we can make choices to bring our individual carbon emissions to zero. The solutions are in our hands, we just have to have the determination to make it happen. We have everything that we need to reduce carbon emissions, everything but political will. But in America, the will to act is a renewable resource." The four solutions Gore mentions are proper coupling practices. There is, however, a hint of acknowledgement that overcoming systemic change resistance is the real challenge, when Gore says "...we just have to have the determination to make it happen. We have everything that we need to reduce carbon emissions, everything but political will." The twenty-seven solutions that appear during the film's closing credits are mostly proper coupling solutions. The first nine are: Go to www.climatecrisis.net You can reduce your carbon emissions. In fact, you can even reduce your carbon emissions to zero. Buy energy efficient appliances & light bulbs. Change your thermostat (and use clock thermostats) to reduce energy for heating & cooling. Weatherize your house, increase insulation,