fifteenth century; perpendicular style for Shuckburgh Church stained glass in the Elizabethan style : emblazoned arms of the Queen of England from the present day up to the present period. He was one of 25 makers of stained glass listed. Stained Glass was exhibited lining the eastern walls of the Central North gallery of the Crystal Palace. Around 1845 there was a revival of interest in all types of worked glass, reflected in the choice of panes of sheet or window glass 49 inches long to cover the exhibition halls. "It has been a popular notion that this art was lost to us ; such is not the case, it has indeed been dormant, but never extinct. The fine works exhibited this year (1851) - the production of living artists- announce its revival." This was the first time that stained glass was exhibited in an extraordinary setting that emphasized its artistry in addition to religious themes. Displays were set up to explain the process of glass making. A batch of flint glass was made from one part alkali, two parts lead, and three parts sand with the best quality sand found at Alum Bay, Isle of Wight and Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire . "The materials are mixed and then melted in a crucible made of fire clay, a substance that can withstand intense, prolonged heat. Melting takes 60 hours. At 12 hours the glass is honeycombed and very white and opaque and a few hours later is transparent with thousands of air bubbles, which eventually disappear along with the light purple tint: that is oxygen given off by the oxide of manganese. Tools are then used to manipulate the glass." Flashed (two layers of colour) and stained glass are coloured on the surface only and through a process of embossing the white surface beneath is revealed. This was the process most likely used by Holland to illustrate his windows. Stained glass in the nineteenth century During the English Civil War in the 17th century Oliver Cromwell, a zealous Puritan, fought King Charles I and as part of this campaign, rampaged against the traditional Loyalist church and its ornate trappings. His troops broke down the heavy doors of parish churches near and far, and rode on horseback through their interiors, destroying with their swords anything decorative. Priceless and ancient stained glass windows were shattered and the churches were laid bare to the elements