Indonesian government revoked the colonial copyright law and enacted in its place Law No. 6 of 1982 on Copyright. This law was criticized at both national and international levels because of the length of its protection period, shortened from 50 years in the colonial law to only 25 years. Minister of Justice Ali Said, in defending the law, cited the social function of copyright and the need to limit its scope in the public interest. The law included controversial provisions allowing the central government to appropriate a work protected by copyright and publish it "in the national interest" and to assume ownership over folkloristic material when working with foreigners. It also did not cover computer software and afforded weak protections for foreign rights holders. The first amendment to the law, enacted in 1987, removed the appropriation provision and extended the period of copyright for most works to either 50 years after first publication or life of the author plus 50 years. For photographic works, computer programs, and compilations, the protection period remained at 25 years after first publication. The amendment also included a provision stating that foreign works would only be protected on first publication in Indonesia. This provision, however, did not apply to works originating from countries with which Indonesia had a standalone copyright agreement or countries who are co-signatories with Indonesia on an international copyright agreement. Indonesia signed such agreements with the European Economic Community in 1988 and with the United States in 1989. In 1994, Indonesia ratified the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights establishing the World Trade Organization. It rejoined the Berne Convention in 1997 and was the first nation to ratify the World Intellectual Property Organization Copyright Treaty that same year. The 1982 copyright law was further amended in 1997 to redefine the terms "publication" and "reproduction". It also introduced rental rights for films, computer programs, and sound recordings, included computer programs among the literary works, and expanded the definition of compilations to include "other works resulting from transformations". The 1982 copyright law was replaced by Law No. 19 of 2002, which went into effect in 2003. By consolidating the 1982 law and subsequent amendments, the law aimed "to foster the development of works that result from the diversity of art and culture" in Indonesia. The law clarified the status of copyright and neighboring rights, which had been confusing in prior legislations, and