New York Lawrence, Susan C. (2003) "Iowa Physicians: Legitimacy, Institutions, and the Practice of Medicine, Part One: Establishing a Professional Identity, 1833-1886" The Annals of Iowa 62 (Spring 2003) The State Historical Society of Iowa More, Ellen (1990) Restoring the Balance: Women Physicians and the Profession of Medicine 1850-1995 Harvard University Press Sandvick, Clinton (2009) "Enforcing Medical Licensing in Illinois: 1877-1890" Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine June 2009; 82(2) pp. 67–74 Shryock, Richard H. (1960) Medicine and Society in America: 1660-1860 Cornell University Press Stage, Sarah (1979) Female Complaints: Lydia Pinkham and the Business of Women's Medicine W.W. Norton & Co. Starr, Paul (1982) The Social Transformation of American Medicine Basic Books Wilson, Jennie Lansley (1894) Legal Status of Women in Iowa Des Moines, Iowa: Iowa Printing Company Young, James Harvey (1961) The Toadstool Millionaires: A Social History of Patent Medicines in America before Federal Regulation Princeton, NJ: The Princeton University Press References 19th-century American women physicians 19th-century American physicians Patent medicine businesspeople People from Davenport, Iowa 1838 births 1904 deaths People from Wooster, Ohio People from Fairfield, Iowa