of 10 ships from the Coast Guard, the Navy, and the Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Administration, as well as three helicopters. The South Korean government also requested the assistance of Singapore and the U.S. Navy. On 17 August, the search team identified the location of 39 parts of the aircraft lying on the sea floor at a depth around 80 m (250 ft). Among them was the tail section, which was expected to contain the flight data recorder (FDR) and cockpit voice recorder (CVR), but both boxes had broken off their mounting brackets. The bodies of the two crewmembers were recovered on 29 October. The FDR was finally found in May, but the memory module detached from the FDR chassis, potentially by heavy sea waves, so nothing useful could be used. The CVR was never found. Investigation The South Korean Aviation and Railway Accident Investigation Board (ARAIB) conducted the investigation, but due to the loss of both flight recorders, it could not fully determine the causes of the fire nor the exact sequence of events that lead to the impact with the sea. From the distribution of fire and heat damage on the recovered debris, a fire was found to have started in or near one of the ULD pallets containing dangerous goods in the rear fuselage, but not enough evidence was found to determine exactly what caused the fire. The fire was not contained, so quickly propagated forward to the rest of the fuselage. Fire damage and soot were found in the air conditioning ducts that run along the fuselage and on ceiling panels near the cockpit area. The cockpit smoke evacuation vent displayed traces of soot, indicating that smoke entered the cockpit. Some electronic components that were part of the cargo were found embedded in the wing's upper surface, together with traces of paint and photoresist, suggesting that at some point, the flammable liquids transported in one of the pallets ignited, causing an explosion that blew out portions of the fuselage in midair. From the moment the fire was first detected to the final impact with the sea, only an estimated 18 minutes elapsed. The crew likely would not have been able to extinguish the fire or safely land the plane within that time frame. Aftermath According to Asiana, the crash of Flight 991 led to damages to the airline of about US$190 million (200.4 billion won). In