five to seven clutches per year with clutch sizes recorded up to 101 eggs. The citico darter spawns at water temperatures between . The tuxedo darter is known to spawn underneath slabrocks or boulders. The tuxedo darter prefers river sections that are wide and deep. Common substrates for the species are slabrock, cobble, and boulders where they build nests up to upstream which contain the eggs of one or more females but are guarded by a single male. The tuxedo darter clusters its eggs. Conservation Etheostoma percnurum was first recorded in the Cumberland River in 1976. The four separate populations, now four different species, were listed as federally endangered in April 1993. As described above, the Big South Fork region has a history of threatening agricultural, industrial, and environmental practices. Logging and coal mining dominated the region in the early 1900s. However, the BSFNRRA was created in 1974 by the National Park Service and became the first form of protection for the then unknown tuxedo darter. Conservation Fisheries Inc. (CFI) reports that there is no captive propagation program for the tuxedo darter, or are there any plans to create one. As in many aquatic species of the Southeast United States, the tuxedo darter is highly susceptible to sediment changes due to agricultural practices. References Etheostoma Fish described in 2008