a program under their American Freedom Defense Initiative (AFDI). According to the AFDI website, the initiative aims, among other activities, to: Create state organizations that work towards the initiative's aims at a local level Organize grass-root small groups at the local level to fight what it labels "specific Islamic supremacist initiatives" in American cities Build strategic alliances with activist groups in Europe and Israel to engage in open and stealthy counter-jihad measures Promote candidates who "fight against the march of Islamic supremacists" Host conferences "that educate Americans about Leftist indoctrination and Islam’s quest for domination" SIOA has been accused by the Anti-Defamation League of promot[ing] a conspiratorial anti-Muslim agenda under the guise of fighting radical Islam. The group seeks to rouse public fears by consistently vilifying the Islamic faith and asserting the existence of an Islamic conspiracy to destroy "American" values. In 2010, a group dubbed "Team B II", patterned after the 1970s anti-communist Team B, published a report titled "Shariah: The Threat to America" which has been cited as influencing the movement's discourse and the public's perception. With the election of Donald Trump to the United States presidency in 2016, some have claimed that the American wing has achieved some influence in the US administration. European Counter-Jihad Movement The umbrella organization, Stop Islamisation of Europe, was founded by Anders Gravers Pedersen, who also sits on the board of the Stop Islamisation of Nations. There are numerous affiliated "Stop the Islamisation" and "Defense Leagues" in several European countries, among them Stop Islamisation of Denmark, Stop Islamisation of Norway, and the English Defence League. Counter-jihad ideology In the words of Toby Archer, a scholar of political extremism and terrorism, "Counter-jihad discourse mixes valid concerns about jihad-inspired terrorism with far more complex political issues about immigration to Europe from predominantly Muslim countries. It suggests that there is a threat not just from terrorism carried out by Islamic extremists but from Islam itself. Therefore, by extension, all European Muslims are a threat." Arun Kundnani, in a report published by the International Centre for Counter-terrorism, writes that the counter-jihad movement has evolved from earlier European far-right movements through a shift from race to values as identity markers: "In moving from neo‐Nazism to counter‐jihadism, the underlying structure of the narrative remains the same." Continuing on this note, he writes that comparing the counter-jihadist worldview to the older, neo-Nazi one, "Muslims have taken the place of