Copyright law of Indonesia is set out in the Copyright Act, namely, current, Act No. 28 of 2014. In law, the notion of copyright is "the exclusive rights for the creator or the recipient the right to publish or reproduce the creations or give permission for it by not reducing the restrictions according to the laws and regulations that apply" (Article 1, point 1). Copyright Act of Indonesia has been amended in 1987, 1997, 2002, and 2014. History Indonesia became a colony of the Netherlands on 1 January 1800, when the Dutch state nationalized the Dutch East India Company and took control of its properties in the archipelago. The territory, then known as the Dutch East Indies, had its own copyright law, which was an extension of the Netherlands' own 1912 copyright law. In 1913, the Netherlands became a signatory of the Berne Convention on the protection of original work on behalf of its colonial possessions. Furthermore, it also affirmed the 1928 revision of the convention on behalf of the East Indies in 1931. When Indonesia became a sovereign nation on 27 December 1949, it initially agreed to uphold the treaty as the successor state of the Dutch East Indies. The 1912 copyright law was translated into Indonesian as the law on the "right to a creation" (), despite proposals for a more literal translation of the "right of the author" (). Antagonism toward the Dutch over the West New Guinea dispute in the 1950s led Indonesia to withdraw from the Berne Convention in 1958. Publicly, the government reasoned that it wanted to be able to copy foreign books freely in the interest of developing education. Because of the dispute, it also sought to distance itself from acts of the colonial government and did not want to be party to the treaty before the country had written its own copyright law. Indonesia's non-invitation as an independent nation during the 1948 revision of the convention in Brussels—after the 1945 declaration of independence but before the 1949 transfer of sovereignty—was also a point of contention. Support for copyright protection in the 1960s and 1970s was limited to lobby groups, such as the Indonesian Publishers Association (). Unauthorized copying became widespread, and, by the 1980s, approximately 70 to 90 percent of the domestic market for books, videotapes, computer software, records, and cassette tapes was dominated by sales of unauthorized copies. In 1982, the