The 1st Arkansas Infantry (30 Day Volunteers) (1861) was a Confederate Army infantry regiment during the American Civil War. The unit was composed mainly of militia units called to service by Colonel Solon F. Borland in response to an anticipated invasion of Northeast Arkansas in the fall of 1861. Organization The 1st Arkansas Regiment, 30-Day Volunteers (infantry), was formally organized on November 23, 1861, which is the date of the appointments of the field and staff officers—under command of Colonel James Haywood McCaleb. Col. McCaleb was the commander of the 25th Militia Regiment, from Lawrence County, Arkansas. It appears that several of the companies that composed the new "30 Day Volunteer" regiment originated as part of the 25th Militia Regiment: Company A – Capt. A. G. Kelsey — Randolph and Lawrence counties. This company was presumably organized in Randolph county, Arkansas, by Captain A. G. Kelsey. The company enlisted for 30 days on November 18, 1861, and was discharged on December 18, 1861, at Camp Borland, near Pocahontas, Arkansas. This company's records are in the poorest shape of any of the companies of the regiment. The orderly sergeant had extremely poor handwriting and in most cases entered only initials in lieu of first names. This makes it difficult to verify the identities of most of the men; however, those who can be identified seem to be mostly from Randolph and neighboring Lawrence counties. It must have been a local company, because no authorization was made for payment of transportation to their homes. Endorsement on Company A muster roll—"Muster Roll of Capt. A. G. Kelsey's Co. of Volunteer Infantry, raised in response to Col. Borland's call of Nov. 5; mustered into the Confederate service Nov. 18 for 30 days, and discharged Dec. 18, 1861; entitled to pay from date of muster to the time set opposite their respective names and to transportation and subsistence from Pocahontas to —, Ark., — miles." Company B – Capt. John W. Peter — Sharp, Independence and Izard counties. This company was organized at Mount Tabor Church, Lawrence (now Sharp) county, Arkansas, by Captain John W. Peter. The company enlisted for 30 days on November 19, 1861, and was discharged on December 18, 1861, at Camp Borland, near Pocahontas, Arkansas. Most of these men were landowners in what is now Sharp county, with a sizeable number from Independence and Izard counties. Some of them subsequently enlisted