of its populations occur in the Talladega National Forest, which provides protection and helps to keep the population numbers at a safe level. National forests have riparian streamside management zones which help in the preservation of their preferred habitat. Sediment filters are also used to prevent sedimentation from occurring and affecting their reproduction. Small impoundment is currently the largest threat, and "...impoundments along the creek isolate holiday darter populations." Human-induced threats to the holiday darter result in habitat fragmentation and poor water quality, which can be a result of direct pollution into a stream or poor agricultural practices by upstream land owners. References https://www.webcitation.org/6FlTsSdX9?url=http://www.bio.utk.edu/hulseylab/Fishlist.html Byron Freeman, Seth Wenger, Sarah McClurg, and Carrie Straight. 2002. Etowah River Basin Stressors Analysis. US Fish and Wildlife Service. J.R. Shute and Patrick L. Rakes. 2005. Fish Surveys of selected streams of the Chattahoochee National Forest to monitor effects of hurricane Ivan on imperiled species: 2005 interim report. Conservation Species Inc. E.B. Dale Jones III, Gene S. Helfman, Joshua D. Harper, and Paul V. Bolstad. 1999. Effects of riparian removal on fish assemblages in Southern Appalachian streams. Institute of ecology and program in conservation ecology and sustainable development. Volume 13. No. 6. Tew, Berry H. 2006. Geological Survey of Alabama. Habitat and biological assessment of the terrapin creek watershed and development of the index of biotic integrity for the Coosa and Tallapoosa River systems. NatureServe. 2011. NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life. version 7.1. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. Available version 7.1. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. Available http://www.natureserve.org/explorer. (Accessed: November 21, 2011 ). (Accessed: November 21, 2011 ) Etheostoma Fish described in 1991