School of Electrical Engineering to develop an electronic computer to compute artillery firing tables for the Army's Ballistic Research Laboratory. The project, which came to be known as ENIAC, or Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer, was completed in 1946. Previous to the development of the ENIAC, the U.S. Army had employed women trained in mathematics to calculate artillery trajectories, at first using mechanical desk calculators and later the differential analyzer developed by Vannevar Bush, at the Moore School. In 1945, one of these "computers", Kathleen McNulty (1921–2006), was selected to be one of the original programmers of the ENIAC, together with Frances Spence (1922–2012), Betty Holberton (1917–2001), Marlyn Wescoff, Ruth Lichterman (1924–1986), and Betty Jean Jennings (1924–2011). McNulty, Holberton, and Jennings would later work on the UNIVAC, the first commercial computer developed by the Remington Rand Corporation in the early 1950s. Rebeca Uribe Bone became the first woman to graduate in engineering in Colombia in 1945, from the Pontifical-Bolivarian University of Medellin. She went on to work as a chemical engineer in the Bavaria brewing company. In 1948, her sister Guillermina Uribe Bone became the first woman to receive a degree in civil engineering from the Faculty of Mathematics and Engineering of the National University of Colombia in Bogotá. 1950s Nohemy Chaverra was the first Afro-Colombian woman to graduate with a degree in chemical engineering in Colombia. She graduated from the University of Antioquia in 1951. Her son, Andrés Palacio Chaverra, was Vice-Minister of Labour Relations between 2007 and 2008. In 1946, Hattie Scott Peterson gained a degree in civil engineering, believed to be the first African-American woman to do so. In 1947, UK engineer Mary Thompson Irvine became the first woman to be elected a chartered member of the Institution of Structural Engineers. In 1950 Marianna Sankiewicz-Budzyńska graduated with a master's degree in electrical engineering, specialising in radio technology from Gdańsk University of Technology and went on to earn a PhD and become an academic, having a strong influence on the development of electrophonics in Poland and Eastern Europe. Elfriede Tungl became the first women in Austria to earn a doctorate in civil engineering in 1950. In 1973 she became the first female associate professor at the Vienna University of Technology. In 1952, Polish electrical engineer Maria Wanda Jastrzębska earned a master's degree in electronics and went on to set up early computer labs and influence university teaching. Ila