such an assault as these do on our decisions and a State has spoken defiantly against the constitutional rights of the citizens, reasons for showing deference to local institutions vanish." Douglas would have upheld the lower court's ruling against the three laws, and also thought that the majority erred by remanding the other two laws back to state courts for interpretation (rather than holding them unconstitutional). References Bibliography Dickson, Del. The Supreme Court in Conference, 1940–1985: The Private Discussions Behind Nearly 300 Supreme Court Decisions. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001. External links United States Constitution Article Three case law United States Supreme Court cases United States Supreme Court cases of the Warren Court United States equal protection case law United States statutory interpretation case law Virginia law 1959 in United States case law 1959 in Virginia Adequate and independent state ground NAACP Civil rights movement case law