group. The analytical expression of the flow ratio is: For condensing turbine the ratio is very low, previous relation reduces to: simplified relationship obtained theoretically by Gustav Flügel (1885–1967). In the event that the variation of inlet temperature is low, the relationship is simplified: For condensing turbines , so in this case: During operation, the above relations allow the assessment of the flow rate depending on the operating pressure of a stage. References Gavril Creța, Turbine cu abur și cu gaze [Steam and Gas Turbines], București: Ed. Didactică şi Pedagogică, 1981, 2nd ed. Ed. Tehnică, 1996, Alexander Leyzerovich, Large Steam Power Turbines, Tulsa, Oklahoma: PennWell Publishing Co., 1997, Romanian version, București: Editura AGIR, 2003, Further reading Aurel Stodola, Die Dampfturbinen, Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1903–1924 (six editions) Aurel Stodola, Steam and Gas Turbines, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1927 Constantin Zietemann, Die Dampfturbinen, 2nd ed., Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 1955 Walter Traupel, New general theory of multistage axial flow turbomachines. Translated by Dr. C.W. Smith, Washington D.C. Published by Navy Dept. Sydney Lawrence Dixon, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Turbomachinery, Pergamon Press Ltd., 1966, 2nd ed. 1975, 3rd ed. 1978 (reprinted 1979, 1982 [twice], 1986, 1986, 1989, 1992, 1995), 4th ed. 1998 Notes External links Modeling of Off-Design Multistage Turbine Pressures by Stodola's Ellipse Turbines Jet engines Power engineering