However, the R. imitator has an extra nose spot which differs from the single spot from R. Variabilis. These two species are known to inhabit overlapping regions. Avian predators are the major predators for most dendrobatid frogs in the family and are the primary force to drive evolution of dendrobatid frog pattern including Mullerian mimicry. Cannibalism R. Variabilis'' tadpoles are known to have cannibalistic behaviors including eating eggs and waiting for the egg to hatch to consume the tadpoles. Some adults will even transport tadpoles to phytotelma that already contain eggs to have their offspring feed on the clutch. Observations have been made of tadpoles eating only the embryo and not the egg capsules. References Poison dart frogs Ranitomeya Amphibians described in 1988 Amphibians of Peru