the Badr and Sadr militias (the armed wings of the two main Shia parties that control the government of Iraq). Ireland Charlie Self, a 33-year-old set designer at the TV network RTÉ and a well-known member of the gay community in Dublin, was stabbed fourteen times in his apartment on 21 January 1982. Nobody has been brought to justice for the killing. It has been alleged in the press that homophobia on the part of the police may have led to a lack of willingness to pursue justice against Self's killer. In 2011 the case was reinvestigated as part of a cold cases review. Declan Flynn was beaten to death in Fairview Park, Dublin, in 1983. The murder and subsequent suspended sentences of the perpetrators who pleaded guilty to murder saw the emergence of a more vocal gay community in the aftermath. In January 1999, American expatriate writer Robert Drake was left permanently brain damaged after being assaulted by two men, Glen Mahon and Ian Monaghan, whom he had let into his home in Sligo. Drake was targeted because of his sexual orientation. The story of the attack and Drake's subsequent recovery became the subject of the 2013 documentary Where I Am. TV personality Mark O'Neill and his partner came under a bloody attack from a gay bashing gang while walking on Patrick Street in Dublin in 2010. TV presenter Brendan Courtney was battered by a gay bashing stranger while walking home down South Great George's Street in Dublin in 2011. A man in his early twenties punched him in the face and shouted "queer" before running away. Courtney said it was "disgraceful" that such an incident could occur in Dublin. He told Liveline that more than 50 other gay people had told him of their own experiences of being assaulted or verbally abused in towns nationwide. Israel Three marchers in a gay pride parade in Jerusalem on June 30, 2005 were stabbed and wounded by Yishai Shlisel, a Haredi Jew. Shlisel claimed he had acted "in the name of God". He was charged with attempted murder. The 2009 Tel Aviv gay centre shooting resulted in the death of two people and wounding of 15. On 30 July 2015, a marcher was killed and six other injured, again by Yishai Shlisel when he stabbed them. It was three weeks after he was released from jail. Italy Friends Elisa Pomarelli and