Affordable Care Act into law. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act had three primary goals, to make health insurance affordable and available to more people, to expand the Medicaid to cover more individuals, and to support innovative medical care delivery methods that would lower the costs of health care. With these changes, there was a significant increase in the popularity of the push towards patient-centered healthcare. The Affordable Care Act's federal incentive programs put emphasis on value-based reimbursement. These programs, along with the basic increase in volume of patients that entered the healthcare system under the ACA, put an increased emphasis on patient-centered outcomes and consumer experiences. Key Outcomes In 2014, the Institute Of Medicine (IOM) published six dimensions of patient-centered healthcare that they deemed as essential in producing quality healthcare. These six dimensions are: Safe: Avoid harm to patients. Effective: Provide services based on sound scientific knowledge to patients who could benefit from such services and refrain from providing services to patients that may not benefit them. Patient-centered: Care that is respectful to the patient's values, needs, concerns. Timely: Reduce delays in patient care that may be harmful to the patient's overall well-being. Efficient: Avoid waste of services and resources. Equitable: Provide care to all patients that is of equal quality that does not vary based on an individuals race, ethnicity or other personal characteristics. The overall goal of a patient-centered outcome approach to healthcare is the focus on an individual's specific healthcare needs taking into account the patient's own goals in treatment alongside the provider's best clinical expertise in the topic as a medical professional. While it is important to have members of a multidisciplinary healthcare team that have the best training and knowledge caring for the patient, it is also essential that the patient themselves to actively communicate and be vocal about their values and concerns. Healthcare professionals should be using language that the patient can understand and should educate and inform their patients on all decisions made concerning their health. Additionally, researchers seeking to provide evidence to positively guide effective patient-centered decision-making need to ensure standards to prevent missing data that can result in challenges to the integrity of the studies that produce the guidelines themselves. Cost-Effective Care in the United States The United States pays more in healthcare expenditure per capita than any other country. Healthcare expenditures the United States accounts for approximately 16%