chief/warlord with title Śrī Yuvarāja Mahāsenāpati, not related to the Parameśvaravarman–Bhadravarman–Rudravarman family. The Vietnamese raid in 1069 began embarking from a port in Hue on 28th day of the third month, reached their destination of the third day of fourth month, then engaged with the Cham. Sailing from Hue to Vijaya (Qui Nhon) within six days doesn't make sense. King Ðệ Củ/Chế Củ had been fleeing into Cambodia (Zhenla), was then captured. They pillaged the city of Indrapura (Phật thệ) for one month, then it took one month for them to return to Hanoi. Michael Vickery insists that the 1069 Vietnamese raid did not target Vijaya, but probably Châu Sa & Cổ Lũy citadels on the north and south banks of the Trà Khúc River in Quảng Ngãi province. Châu Sa was a large port city named Amaravati, has the temple of Chánh Lộ dating to eleventh century. He also speculates that Chế Củ was certainly not king Rudravarman III, but a Cham chief somewhere in the north. The earliest mention of Vijaya as a Cham city was dated to around 1153 to 1184, so the explicitly application of Vijaya for a location of Champa prior that period should be considered an historical anachronism. Vijaya was involved in wars with Angkor (now Cambodia) in the 12th and 13th centuries. Khmer military incursions into Champa were successful for some time and Suryavarman II managed to subdue Vijaya in the 1145, deposing Jaya Indravarman III, but the Khmer were later defeated in 1149. Vijaya was at times dominated by the Khmer king Jayavarman VII. The Khmer king relied on Cham supporters for his successful military campaigns in both Angkor and Champa. Vijaya was captured by the Yuan army led by Mongol commander Sogetu in early 1283. The Mongols were ultimately driven away, but the city was sacked. In 1377, the city was unsuccessfully besieged by a Vietnamese army in the Battle of Vijaya. Major wars with Vietnam were fought again in the 15th century, which eventually led to the defeat of Vijaya and the demise of Champa in 1471. The citadel of Vijaya was besieged for one month in 1403 when the Vietnamese troops had to withdraw because of a shortage of food. The final attack came in early 1471 after almost 70 years without major military confrontation between Champa and Dai Viet. It is interpreted to have been a reaction to