at Berkeley, and then to those working on the initial version of the Open Geospatial Interoperability Specification (OGIS), the first efforts of what became the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC). A series of 18 submissions to the ISO SQL Multimedia working group also helped tie SAIF to the original ISO work on geospatial features. Today SAIF is of historical interest only. It is significant as a precursor to the Geography Markup Language and as the formative element in the development of the widely used Feature Manipulation Engine. References Sondheim, M., K. Gardels, and K. Buehler, 1999. GIS Interoperability. pp. 347–358. in Geographical Information Systems (Second Edition), Volume 1, edited by Paul A. Longley, Michael F. Goodchild, David J. Magurie and Davide W. Rhind. Sondheim, M., P. Friesen, D. Lutz, and D. Murray. 1997. Spatial Archive and Interchange Format (SAIF). in Spatial Database Transfer Standards 2: Characteristics for Assessing Standards and Full Descriptions of the National and International Standards in the World. edited by Moellering H. and Hogan R. Elsevier, Netherlands. . Surveys and Resource Mapping Branch. Spatial Archive and Interchange Format, Release 3.2, Formal Definition. 1995. (also Release 3.1 (1994); 3.0 (1993); 2.0, (1992); 1.0 (1991); and 0.1, (1990)) Surveys and Resource Mapping Branch, British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks. 258p. Also published by the Canadian General Standards Board, CAN/CGSB-171.1-95. External links Government of Canada Publications, CGIS-SAIF Release 3.2 SAIF Release 3.1 Safe Software, 2010, FME Readers and Writers, (Spatial Archive and Interchange Format, pp. 183 - 191) Interoperability GIS file formats Open Geospatial Consortium