the group attempted to become international and many of the wealthier members had Western pieces in their possession. Action held their first exhibition in April 1923 at the Mitsukoshi department store in Tokyo, and held their second exhibition at the same location in April of the following year. Though the exhibitions drew large crowds, many of the artworks did not sell and when they did it was for very little. Eventually tension between the artists involved in Action became too great and the group disbanded two years after their formation. Having experimented with Cubism in his pieces from 1922–1924, Koga thereafter began to paint more fantastical pieces inspired by Swiss-German expressionist painter Paul Klee, such as Fireworks (1927) and Innocent Moonlit Night (1929). Koga continued to paint a majority of his paintings in this style until 1929. He exhibited paintings in this style at the Nika Exhibition over the course of his career, as well as the Prince Shotoku Fine Art Exhibition in 1926. Koga had a severe nervous breakdown in November 1927 and briefly returned to Fukuoka before moving to Nagasaki in May 1928. He recovered from his neurasthenia and returned to Tokyo in October 1928. Over this time, he continued to develop his artistic style and developed more pieces influenced by Paul Klee and exhibiting a fantasy style. Around this time, Koga became deeply interested in emerging schools of thought and was introduced to painters Seiji Tōgō and Kongō Abe, who had just returned from studying art in Europe. In 1929, Koga began painting cover designs and illustrations for various magazines and novels, and in June of 1930 he was given the opportunity to work on set design of the play Ruru due to his connection to Tōgō and Abe. In 1931, Koga and Abe became affiliated with an avant-garde poetry workshop in Shinjuku. In 1929, Koga's painting style shifted, and he began exhibiting large-scale paintings in a photomontage style, which are considered some of the first Surrealist paintings in Japan. Recent scholarship has uncovered how Koga appropriated a wide variety of images and motifs from contemporary mass-media sources such as photo magazines, newspapers, film stills, and postcards. This technique is similar to the collage techniques widely used by contemporary Cubist, Dadaist, and Surrealist artists. However, Koga's technique was unique in that he did not simply cut and paste from printed media onto his canvas, but instead modified,