Association (AMA) found that Henry M. Guild invented the device and patented it in 1903, and assigned his patents to Tyrrell. Tyrrell incorrectly claimed to be the inventor of the device. Tyrrell advertised the device as curing practically all diseases including appendicitis, dysmenorrhea, obesity piles, gastritis, hydrocele, typhoid fever, scarlet fever, malaria, paralysis and rheumatism. However, his claims had no medical basis. In 1922, it was noted that "the facts are it will neither prevent nor cure disease, and it is not endorsed by leading physicians." Publications In 1894 Tyrrell wrote The Royal Road to Health, which continued through more than 260 editions, and which remains available today through online booksellers and can be downloaded at archive.org; by 1943 authorship was claimed by E. J. Borzilleri, who was associated with Tyrrell's Hygienic Institute. The book is designed to promote Tyrrell's enema device. At his Hygienic Institute, Tyrrell also published a periodical, Health: A Home Magazine Devoted to Physical Culture and Hygiene. The magazine was opposed to conventional medical treatment and promoted orthopathy, physical culture and pseudoscientific dieting ideas. The AMA criticized it as a "fad magazine" which advertised "pseudo-medical" products. Tyrrell's Institute published similar works by other authors, such as Alcinous Burton Jamison's Intestinal Ills. Criticisms American Medical Association The American Medical Association published critiques and exposes of Tyrrell in its Journal of the American Medical Association. The AMA leveled many criticisms of Tyrrell's product and promotion including the following: The advertising for the J. B. L. Cascade product was one of “deceit, misrepresentation, and quackery” The underlying theory—that there is only one cause for disease and that cause is autointoxication resulting from intestinal obstruction – is “false” and “absurd” The product itself may be dangerous. The advice to take rectal enemas both in times of sickness and in health is “mischievous”. In respect of Tyrrell's publication Health, the AMA complained that its advertising section “reeked with frauds”. Modern Criticism Tyrrell's Ideal Sight Restorer was criticized in a 1986 article in the Ophthalmology journal, which noted that "although his fraudulent activities and deceptive advertising practices were described on several occasions in the Journal of the American Medical Association, Dr. Tyrrell persisted in his enterprises until he died in 1918." Tyrrell was cited as an “exemplary proponent” of the theory of auto-intoxication in a 1997 article by Edzard Ernst in the Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology, which likewise characterized Tyrrell as a