be accepted in America and engineering work could begin in earnest. Again quoting Ourston: "To survive the constant rejection emotionally, I expect a stonewall to all appeals, and am grateful whenever I open a little crack and let in a little light." (Leif Ourston, letter to Frank Blackmore, July 1986) U.S. roundabouts By 1991, Ourston also began professional collaboration with Barry Crown, eventually bringing him to the U.S. for the same purpose. Among many strategies, he also arranged communications between municipalities in the US and France to further persuade U.S. agencies. Ourston's efforts gradually convinced enough people that roundabouts could be applied in the U.S., and he built two roundabouts in Nevada in the Summerlin master-planned community in the western Las Vegas valley in 1990, followed by others around the U.S. This allowed Caltrans to confidently convert the Long Beach Traffic Circle to a modern roundabout. These early demonstrations and others elsewhere gradually allowed statistical proof that roundabouts were also safe and effective in North America, paving the way for confident widespread use throughout the U.S. and Canada. References Date of birth missing (living people) Living people 21st-century American engineers Roundabouts and traffic circles in the United States Year of birth missing (living people)