neurosurgical intensive care unit and gain experience with transcranial doppler, basic EEG interpretation and Licox/Microdialysis interpretation. Some institutions also allow the fellow to participate in education and teaching efforts for neurosurgical departments in developing countries. In 2021, the Association of University Anesthesiologists (AUA) announced the development of a new international curriculum for standardized neuroanesthesiology fellowship training developed in partnership with SNACC and accredited by the International Council on Perioperative Neuroscience Training (ICPNT). Controversy surrounding fellowship accreditation Despite its more than 60-year history, there are no ACGME-accredited or American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS)-accredited neuroanesthesiology fellowships, as of 2021. There has been widespread debate in medical societies and the peer-reviewed literature concerning the need for formal subspecialty training for anesthesiologists who staff neurosurgical cases. Notable Physicians Andrew R. Hunter - British anesthesiologist and author of the first textbook in neuroanesthesiology. Thomas W. Langfitt - American neurosurgeon, former Professor and Chief of the Division of Neurosurgery at the University of Pennsylvania, and cofounder of the Neurosurgical Anesthesia Society (NAS), now SNACC. R.G.B. Gilbert - Canadian anesthesiologist, former Chair of the Department of Anesthetics at McGill University, former Director of the Montreal Neurological Institute, author of first Canadian book in neuroanesthesiology. Maurice Albin - American anesthesiologist, cofounder of SNACC, and considered a founding father of neuroanesthesiology. George A. Mashour - American anesthesiologist; Chair, Anesthesiology Robert B. Sweet Professor of Anesthesiology and Professor of Neurosurgery at University of Michigan Medical School. Emery N. Brown - the Warren M. Zapol Professor of Anaesthesia at Harvard Medical School (HMS) and Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Edward Hood Taplin Professor of Medical Engineering and of Computational Neuroscience, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; former Anesthetist-in-Chief at MGH. Oluwaseun Johnson-Akeju - current Anesthetist-in-Chief at MGH and Henry Isaiah Dorr Associate Professor of Research and Teaching in Anaesthetics and Anaesthesia at HMS. References Anesthesia Medical specialties