Geography can also sometimes help in narrowing down the identity of a specimen. Sometimes the determiner will be unable to identify a specimen clearly, and use such additions as cf. or aff. to convey this. Reference collections of identified plant specimens are collected into herbaria. Most plant parts are dried, pressed, mounted on herbarium sheets and stored; succulents and some other types of plants are normally kept in alcohol solution. The sheets are standard size of 16 × 11 inches or 41.25 × 28.75 cm. The identified plant ideally includes all parts including roots, flowers and fruits, strobili, etc. Especially the flowers are important when trying to identify a specimen. Automated species identification uses artificial intelligence to identify species based on the images of the species. Projects like iNaturalist and Pl@ntNet relies on crowdsourced data and assists identification through automatic as well as community input. See also Alpha taxonomy Field guide Plant morphology Pollen DNA barcoding References Further reading Tim Jones' (2013) - "A visual identification key utilizing both gestalt and analytic approaches to identification of Carices present in North America (Plantae, Cyperaceae)" in the Biodiversity Data Journal John Shaffner's key (1911) in the Ohio Naturalist External links Shoot (over 19,000 plants listed) Visual Interactive Kingdom Plantae to division (Louisiana State University) Interactive Plant Identifier (University of Wisconsin) Interactive Plant Identifier (Auburn University) Image-based plant identification system (French Flora, Pl@ntNet project) Plants for identification on iNaturalist Animals for identification on iNaturalist Fungi for identification on iNaturalist Botany