evolution and microbial ecology and has had major technical and industrial applications. Ralph S. Wolfe (1995) For elucidating the biochemical pathway of the reduction of carbon dioxide to methane in microorganisms and in the course of this work defining new biochemical pathways, enzymes, and cofactors. Boris Magasanik (1993) For his contributions to our understanding of catabolite repression, amino acid metabolism, and regulation of nitrogen metabolism in bacteria. Melvin I. Simon (1991) For his discoveries in the field of bacterial chemotaxis, including the elucidation of flagellar phase variation and of flagellar motor activation by receptor-mediated signals transmitted through protein-phosphoryl-group transfers. Bernard D. Davis (1989) For his ingenious development of the penicillin technique for isolating mutants and leadership in its application to microbial physiology. Harland G. Wood (1986) For his classic studies in mechanisms of carbon dioxide fixation in heterotrophic bacteria, which have spanned a half century and have revolutionized our understanding of the biochemical roles of carbon dioxide. Purnell W. Choppin (1984) For his discoveries of new mechanisms in the replication of myxo- and paramyxoviruses, in viral pathogenesis, and in viral gene expression. Irwin C. Gunsalus (1982) For his pioneering studies in microbial biochemistry. Julius Adler (1980) For his pioneering studies on motility and chemotaxis in bacteria. Howard Green (1978) For his fundamental contributions to the biology of cultured animal cells. Sidney Pestka (1977) For his contributions to microbiology. Wallace P. Rowe (1976) For his fundamental contributions to our understanding of the biology of oncogenic viruses. Renato Dulbecco (1974) For his extension to animal viruses the precise quantitative methods that had been developed with bacterial viruses, thereby revealing the integration of tumor viruses into host chromosomes. Charles Yanofsky (1972) For his outstanding contributions to many aspects of microbial and molecular genetics. Earl Reece Stadtman (1970) For his outstanding contributions in the field of microbial biochemistry. Jack L. Strominger (1968) For his elegant studies on the biosynthesis of the bacterial cell wall and the mode of action of antibiotics. See also List of biology awards Prizes named after people References External links Selman A. Waksman Award in Microbiology National Academy of Sciences web site Awards established in 1968 Awards of the United States National Academy of Sciences 1968 establishments in Washington, D.C. Microbiology awards