1.227 of 28 August 1931 and the Royal Decree 1.592 of 31 August 1933. According to such legislative measures the school had to be a centre to train and select the Fascist Youth leadership. The GIL In 1937, the Fascist youth organization became a party organization and changed its name from Opera Nazionale Balilla to Gioventù Italiana del Littorio (GIL). Consequently, the school also had to be reorganized. In April 1938, the General Command of the GIL appointed two commissions. Their aim was to draft new statutes and new syllabi for the Fascist Academies of Rome and Orvieto. Following the lines drawn by the two commissions, the Italian Parliament promulgated a new law, No. 866 of 22 May 1939, which ordered both institutes to operate until the end of the Fascist regime. The Foro Mussolini Institute changed its name to "Accademia della GIL". The Academy depended on the Fascist Party directly rather than, as before, on the Ministry of National Education. It became an educational centre closely tied to the Party. The courses were now extended to three years, and studying the German language became compulsory in 1940. The subjects were divided into four sections: political, military, biological-scientific, and sport. Unlike all other Italian institutes, the degrees of the Academy were awarded not in the name of the King, but in the name of the Duce. To become a student at the Academy, it was necessary to pass a public selection and to demonstrate to be deserving from a moral, political, racial, personal and family point of view. The applications were not sent by young people themselves, but by the local commands of the Youth organization. These selected the applicants they found most suitable to attend the school. After 1938 racial purity became an essential requirement and Jewish students were expelled. On 30 October 1940 Riccardo Versari, who had been chancellor of the school since its foundation, left his seat to Nicola Pende, father of the Italian Somatotype and constitutional psychology and one of the scientists who wrote down the Manifesto of Race. He tried in vain to transform the schools in Rome and Orvieto into universities. Post-regime After the end of the Fascist regime on 25 July 1943, the GIL was dissolved and the schools were closed. In the Repubblica Sociale Italiana (RSI), Renato Ricci created a new youth organization known as Opera Balilla. He also founded once again