the context of other factors such as prematurity or prenatal exposure to other drugs. Mental, emotional, and behavioral outcomes Studies have shown small deficits in behavioral, cognitive, attention, emotional, and language function in PCE infants, children, and adolescents, but other studies attribute findings of negative effects on cognitive development to confounding factors. Studies suggest that the environment in which a child grows up makes a more important contribution to outcome in cognitive, behavioral, and other outcomes than does the cocaine exposure itself. School performance is mildly affected in older children. In IQ studies, cocaine-exposed children do not appear to score lower than others. Although PCE is correlated with low IQ scores, scientists generally believe that PCE alone does not cause this effect; rather, it is more likely due to associated factors. In school-aged and younger children, PCE does not appear in studies to predispose children to poorer intellectual performance. Poor performance on IQ tests could actually be due to trouble with sustaining attention if the tests fail to account for this factor separately. Cocaine causes impaired growth of the fetus's brain, an effect that is most pronounced with high levels of cocaine and prolonged duration of exposure throughout all three trimesters of pregnancy. Prenatal cocaine exposure has been found to affect the cognitive performance of individuals and affect speech and language development, behavior, physical and cognitive growth, and function. The more of the substance the fetus is exposed to the more of an effect it can have on the overall development as well as running the risk of being fatal to the fetus during the prenatal stage(s) of pregnancy. The effects of cocaine uses can cause for there to be an increased chance of the baby being born premature, affecting the body weight, height and the growth of the organs and brain due to the premature state of the baby as well as the impact of the harmful substances the baby was exposed to. This can have effects on other areas such as brain development, being exposed to a stimulant such as cocaine can cause damage and issues in development over time. In behavior, cognition, memory, grasping of information, and attention are areas that are common struggles for children that were exposed to cocaine in the womb. These effects are seen in individuals reaching the age of 10 and older. Long-term studies have shown that there are alterations made in