passed in 2008 but revised in 2011. According to 2009, statistics published by South Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare, there were 144,385 couples of international marriage in South Korea as of May 2008. 88.4% of immigrants were female, and 61.9% were from China. Recently it has been argued that South Korean society had already become a multicultural society, although foreigners make up for 3.4% of the South Korean population. As of 2011, ten ministries and agencies of South Korean government are supporting international couples and foreign workers in South Korea toward the cultural plurality. Existing provisions in South Korean criminal law may be used to punish acts of racial discrimination, but were never used for that purpose until 2009, when the first case of a South Korean citizen verbally insulting a foreigner have been brought to court. In 2010, the South Korean government changed the oath of enlistment of Korean soldiers, so that they do not swear allegiance anymore to the Korean race. Similarly, prior to 2007 the South Korean pledge of allegiance was towards the "Korean race" rather than towards the country of South Korea. A poll from 2015 found that Koreans tend to amalgamate Korean ethnic nationalism with classism, resulting in a "hierarchy", viewing immigrants from more affluent countries less negatively than those who came from poorer countries. Liberal and progressive minjok ideology Since the 2000s, 'minjok ideology' (민족/민족주의, "Korean 'ethnic' nationalism") has appeared more in liberal or progressive camps than in the conservative. The conservative camp values anti-communism more and has stronger support for 'kukmin ideology' (국민/국가주의, "South Korean 'civic'/'state people' nationalism") in the 21st century. South Korean liberals and progressives who support minjok ideology tend to perceive (Korean) minjok ideology as "liberation" and "resistance" rather than "racist" (in the Western sense). They believe that minjok ideology is necessary to remove right-wing authoritarianism stemming from the past anti-communist military dictatorship, fight the traitors to minjok, and move the Korean Peninsula toward pacifism. South Korean liberals and progressives argue that minjok ideology does not contradict civic nationalism (시민 민족주의) because it is anti-imperialism. However, this is an average and relative tendency, and as racial diversity increases in South Korea, liberals are also weakening their emphasis on minjok in the 2020s, except when they express anti-imperialist sentiment toward Japan. Liberals and progressives insist on diversifying '[South] Korean identity' (한국인) into minjok living in North Korea, non-bloody/non-ethnic South Korean