as in English Creole, "John book" instead of Standard English, "John's book", the omission of the copula in structures such as "he sick" and "the boy reading". In Standard English, these examples would be rendered, 'he seems/appears/is sick' and "the boy is reading". Semantic Quite often, only one term is used for both animal and meat; the word nama or nyama for animal/meat is particularly widespread in otherwise widely divergent Caribbean languages. See also Anglophone Caribbean Antillean Creole Caribbean English Caribbean Spanish Caribbean Hindustani Creole language Use of the Dutch language in the Caribbean English-based creole languages French-based creole languages List of sovereign states and dependent territories in the Caribbean Pre-Arawakan languages of the Greater Antilles Notes References Adelaar, Willem F. H. (2004). Languages of the Andes: The Arawakan languages of the Caribbean, Cambridge University Press Appel, René., Muysken, Pieter. (2006). Language Contact and Bilingualism: Languages of the Caribbean Ferreira, Jas. (). Caribbean Languages and Caribbean Linguistics Gramley, Stephan., Pätzold, Kurt-Michael. (2003). A survey of modern English: The Languages of the Caribbean. Patterson, Thomas C., Early colonial encounters and identities in the Caribbean Penny, Ralph John, (2002). A history of the Spanish language. Roberts, Peter. (1988). West Indians & their language Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Sprauve, Gilbert A., (1990). Dutch Creole/English Creole distancing: historical and contemporary data considered, International Journal of the Sociology of Language. Vol 1990:85, pp.41–50 Taylor, Douglas M., (1977) Languages of the West Indies, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press