basis of its typically shorter and narrower laminae, which have a more acute apex and base, as well as on the structure of the inflorescence, in which all flowers may be borne singly on pedicels. Compared to N. deaniana, the inflorescence of N. gantungensis is usually considerably longer. There are also differences in pitcher morphology, including a more pronounced peristome in N. gantungensis. Whereas the lower pitchers of N. deaniana and N. mira may be reddish-purple throughout, those of N. gantungensis are not known to exhibit such dark pigmentation. Unlike its close relatives, N. gantungensis frequently produces upper pitchers. Nepenthes mantalingajanensis is suggested in the describing paper as the next closest relative of N. gantungensis. All four species are believed to have evolved from a common ancestor that had already diverged from the lineage that would lead to the giant-pitchered N. attenboroughii and N. palawanensis. Nepenthes leonardoi, described in 2011, is another closely allied taxon. This species cannot be reliably distinguished from N. gantungensis on the basis of pitcher morphology, but may produce much darker traps, some appearing almost completely black. It also differs in having more distinctly petiolate laminae and a shorter inflorescence, with flowers that produce a characteristic musty scent. Being the sole Nepenthes species native to the upper parts of Mount Gantung, N. gantungensis can be easily identified in the field. In his Carnivorous Plant Database, taxonomist Jan Schlauer treats N. gantungensis as a heterotypic synonym of N. deaniana. Notes a.Similar outcomes of interspecific competition with bamboo have been observed in N. attenboroughii, N. deaniana, N. leonardoi, N. mantalingajanensis, N. mira, and N. palawanensis. References Co, L. & W. Suarez 2012. Nepenthaceae. Co's Digital Flora of the Philippines. McPherson, S.R. 2011. Comparison of the highland Palaweño Nepenthes. In: New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 364–381. External links Photographs of N. gantungensis Carnivorous plants of Asia gantungensis Endemic flora of the Philippines Flora of Palawan Plants described in 2010