the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, when the constitution was patriated in 1982. Unresolved issue regarding the application of the rule Some Canadian provinces (Quebec and Manitoba from the time of their establishment, and since 1982 New Brunswick) are constitutionally obligated to enact all laws in both official languages. However, a number of other provinces, such as Ontario, have opted to enact their laws in both English and French, even though they are not constitutionally required to do so. One question, not yet tested in the courts, "arises...as to whether both versions of bilingual legislation enacted in a province where there is no constitutional requirement to do so would be considered equally authoritative in the absence of an express Equal Authenticity Rule." (An "express" equal authenticity rule would presumably take the form of such a rule in the relevant province's Interpretation Act or some other piece of quasi-constitutional legislation.) Bastarache et al., who raise this question, answer it in the affirmative, explaining that in their view, "the logic applicable to federal, Quebec and Manitoba legislation under the Constitution would also apply [even in the absence of a legislated statement of this logic]: that is, where two languages [sic] versions of a statute are enacted simultaneously both versions will be considered equally authoritative." References Law of Canada Bilingualism in Canada Supreme Court of Canada Legal doctrines and principles