speaking at all the meetings. From 1848 to 1851, he and the priests in the region tried to find ways to increase the Christian population and to convert the prominent Hindu population. They examined the question of the formalities of marriage and of the catechists. Following these conferences, he published the Usual of Mysore. On 3 April 1850, Mysore having been established as apostolic vicarage, Charbonnaux became the apostolic chaplain. His job of general administration neither stopped nor diminished his pastoral visits. His work as a missionary continued while he carried out the duties of being a bishop. His work allowed him to soothe quarrels between Indians, to confess, and to preach. "A good preacher", he once said, "is the one who, putting on within the reach of intelligence and needs of his audience, teaches well and touches curs". Social worker In 1853, Charbonnaux returned to Europe. On this visit, he sought the services of the nuns of the Good Shepherd of Angers for his mission in India. The nuns established their presence in Bengaluru in 1854 and later in Mysore. In 1859, on his advice, the nuns organised the Congregation of Saint Ann, composed of nuns from the native population. Charbonnaux also founded many orphanages. For example, the Saint Joseph's High School of Bengaluru continues today as an educational institute for boys. In addition, he was in very good relations with the Rajah of Mysore, who met with him several times. At the same time, the English commissioner for Mysore, Lewis Bowring, was closely associated with him. Apostle After the death of Mgr. Bonnand, Charbonnaux was charged to continue the apostolic missions of India and Burma from July 1861 until November 1862. On 17 June 1867, Pius IX invited him to Rome, on the occasion of the prelate's ascension to the pontifical throne. In 1870, Charbonnaux took part in the council of Vatican City and was a member of the Commission of Oriental Ritual. At the same time, with other apostolic chaplains he studied the Regulations of the Society of MEP. The aim was to create a final draft, which was actually something he had already begun in 1859, at conferences of Salem. He went back to Mysore in 1871, where he worked until his death. He died in Bengaluru on 23 June 1873, after 43 years in the priesthood. 27 of those 43 years were as a bishop.