to the New Jersey Casino Control Commission in 1981, was blocked by Senator James Wallwork (R-Essex). Governor Brendan Byrne orchestrated an end-run around Senatorial Courtesy and Jacobson moved from Essex County to Ocean County, where Senator John F. Russo (D-Ocean) signed off, allowing Jacobson to be confirmed by the Democratic-controlled Senate. The renomination of Superior Court Judge Sylvia Pressler in 1983 was blocked by Senator Gerald Cardinale (R-Bergen), who disagreed with many of her judicial rulings during the previous seven years. State Senator Gerald Cardinale attempted to block her reappointment to the Superior Court by invoking senatorial courtesy. Senate President Carmen A. Orechio removed Cardinale's ability to block her nomination, citing the fact that he had previously appeared before Judge Pressler in a legal matter, and her nomination was approved. The renomination of Superior Court Judge Marianne Espinosa Murphy, then the wife of Morris County Prosecutor Michael Murphy and the daughter-in-law of former Governor and Chief Justice Richard J. Hughes, was blocked in 1993 by Senate Majority Leader John H. Dorsey (R-Boonton). Despite endorsements from the New Jersey State Bar Association and advocacy groups for custodial parents, Dorsey indicated that he had received complaints that she "giggles and throws pencils on the desk during testimony". This created a controversy. Dorsey eventually relented to some degree and stated that he would agree to allow Judge Murphy to be appointed to a new, untenured seven-year term. Judge Murphy declined on the grounds that the process of refusing her an untenured term without a hearing in the Senate posed a threat to judicial independence. Dorsey's use of Senatorial courtesy was the impetus behind a challenge in the 1993 Republican State Senate primary by a politically unknown lawyer, Chris Christie; Christie's campaign ended when his nominating petitions were invalidated for not having enough signatures. After Dorsey's defeat, Senate President Donald DiFrancesco (R-Union) amended the unwritten Senatorial Courtesy rule so as not to apply to any sitting Judge who was renominated by the Governor. Senator Anthony Bucco of Morris County used senatorial courtesy in 2004 to block four nominations to the Highlands Commission until he could have an opportunity to meet with Bradley M. Campbell, commissioner of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. Bucco sought to register his concern about how the Highlands Water Protection and Planning Act would limit development in the New Jersey Highlands, and dropped his block after Campbell met with